DOCSLIB.ORG

Aaliyah, 25 Definition Of, Xvii Syllabus For, 104 Afghanistan Militant

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Aaliyah, 25 Definition Of, Xvii Syllabus For, 104 Afghanistan Militant Index Aaliyah, 25 syllabus for, 105 definition of, xvii Aliya, 52t, 53 syllabus for, 104 Allama Sayyad Muhammed Yousuf Afghanistan Banuri Town, 26 militant, terrorist infiltration into, Andrabi, Tahir 71–72 research on madaris Pashtun refugees in Pakistan, 8 data collection effort, 33 suicide attacks in, 70, 71 madrassah enrollment, Taliban leaders, education and utilization, 6, 7, 11 support of, 57 validity of data, 8, 9 Aga Khan University, 16 Armed Forces Board for Higher Ahl-e-Hadith Education, 121n definition of, xvii Arqam Academy, 20 tradition, 58–59 Ahmad, Khalil Baharia Foundation, 23 opposition to government reform Barelvi efforts, 89 definition of, xvii Ahmed, Khurshid, 115n origin of movement, 58 Al Badr, 59 Barelvi, Ahmed Rida Khan, xvii Al Huda, 20, 49, 125n Bergen, Peter al Qaeda, 59, 60 on link between madaris and al-uloom al-aqliya (rational sciences), militancy, 5 53, 54 Binnori, Khalid definition of, xvii on madrassah reform, 87 al-uloom al-naqliya (transmitted boards of intermediate and secondary sciences), 53 education (BISE), 121n definition of, xvii Brelwi, Sayyid Ahmad, 58 Ali, Saleem research on madrassah links to Census of Population 1998 violence, 6 as a data source, 7 Alim course, 25, 26, 51 enrollment data, 35t condensed for girls, 52 limitations of data collected, at Dars-i-Nizami, 53 117n–18n as a requirement for teaching at long forms, short forms, 123n madaris, 60, 61 political implications of, 7–8 subjects included in, 53 Alimiyah, xvii, 21, 25, 52t, 53 Dalrymple, William definition of, xvii on link between madaris and equivalency to M.A. degree, 54 militancy, 4–5 133 134 TheIndex Madrassah Challenge Dar ul Uloom Sarhad dawa, xviii faculty hiring requirements, 61 Deobandi, xvii Dars-e-Quran (Quran study circles), definition of, xviii 49 Islamist political party JUI, 62 definition of, xvii madaris Dars-i-Nizami, 25, 51. See also Alim role in educating, supporting course Taliban, 57 Arabic texts used in, by subject, origin of tradition, 56–57 107–14 sectarian violence, 77 Adah (literature), 110 Dihlawi, Waliullah, 58 Aqaaid (theology), 110 Falsafa (philosophy), 113 education Fun Manaazara (polemics), decision factors 113 for girls, 99 Hadith va Uloom-e-Hadith household income, 30–32, 31t (Hadith and the Study parents’ education level, 44 of Hadiths), 108 school supply, 37 Hait-wa-hindsa (astronomy, enrollment, attainment trends, arithmetic), 113 100 Ilm-e-Maani wa Beyaan (study across sectors, 27–29, 30t of meaning, exegis), data on, 28–29 112 girlsvs. boys, 29 Ilm-e-Mantaq (logic), 112 socioeconomic status, 30–35, Ilm-e-Urunz (poetic forms), 31f, 32t 112 National Education Policy, 27 Ilm ul Nahv (grammar), 111 parental schooling decisions, 29, Ilm ul Sarf (grammar), 111 36–39 Quran Studies, 107 research Tafseer, 107 delay in data collection efforts, Tareekh (history), 114 101 Tibb (medicine, medical), 113 on household schooling Uloom Fiqh (jurisprudence), decisions, 36–39 109 part-time madrassah definition of, xvii attendance, 10 subjects included in curriculum, surveys, limitations on use of 53 collected data, 6–7 Darul Uloom at Deoband, 57 supply of schools as a school Darul Uloom Islamiya, 21–22, 44 decision factor, 37 faculty hiring requirements, 61 education for girls, women levels of, 21 Al Huda, 125n program length, requirements, 53 attainment, enrollment rates, 28, daura, xvii, 49 29 Index 135 condensed Alim course for, 52 foreign students decision factors for, 99 attending madaris, 90 improving school supply for, 99 izzat, 37 Gangohi, Rashid Ahmed, 57 at madaris, 12, 41 general elections regional differences, 29 educational requirement for shortened Dars-i-Nizami course candidates, 54–55 for, 52, 126n Ghazi, Mahmood Ahmed, 63, 118n vs. boys, 29 government schools. See also public education reform. See also madrassah schools; worldly education reform PIHS enrollment data, 29, 30t, international support for, 100 31t Musharraf’s efforts toward, 12, 81, religious education in, 15 87, 91 Green Crescent Trust, 21 suggested improvements, 48 Education Sector Reform (ESR), 40 Hadith, xviii educational trusts hafez, 16 schools run by, 18–22 definition of, xviii English education importance of attaining status of, importance of, 42 42 English-medium schools, 15. See also Hanafi, xviii private schools Hanbali, xviii Evans, Alexander Haq, Eijaz ul, 82 on link between madaris and Haq, Sami ul, 57 militancy, 5 Haq, Zia ul, 54, 82 Hashmi, Farhat Naseem, 125n faculty Hifz-e-Quran, 21 political attitudes of, 76t definition of, xviii quality, availability of female Hizbol Mujahadeen, 59 teachers, 37, 38 Farangi Mahal, xvii, 51 Ibtedai (primary religious education) Fauji Foundation, 23 description of, xviii, 24 fauqani, xviii, 25 Ibtidaiyah (primary religious Federal Board of Intermediate and education) Secondary Education equivalence to nonreligious (FBISE), 121n school, 52t Federal Islamabad Board syllabus, 85 syllabus for, 103 Federally Administered Tribal imam, 42 Agencies (FATA) India intensity of madrassah conflict with Pakistan, 4 enrollment, 7 Institute for Conflict Management, 2 fiqh, xviii Institute for Peace Studies (IPS), 2, 136 TheIndex Madrassah Challenge 115n Jamia Binoria International Crisis Group (ICG) program for, 53 report on madaris, 4 Jamia Hafsa, 12, 87 Iqra Rozatul Itfal Trust (IRIT) Jamiat-ul-Ulama-i-Islam (JUI), 57 schools, 18, 44, 49 Jamiat ul Uloom I Islamiyah, 26 fees, 120n Jhangvi, Haq Nawaz, 77 founding of, 19 jihadis madrassah section, levels of, 19 Pakistan reliance on, 97 structure of schools, 19–20 Kamia Binoria SITE, 41 Islam Khan, Ahmed Raza, xix, 58 application of, in government Khan, Vakil Ahmed curriculum, 17 on madrassah reform initiatives, role in public life regulations, 82–86 Pakistani opinion of, 46–47, Kher-ul-Madaris, 22 48, 93 faculty hiring requirements, 61 Islamic education program length, requirements, 53 changing direction of, 93–94 decline of, 90 Lahore University of Management formal vs. informal, 49 Sciences, 16 funding trends for, 40–42 Lal Masjid (Red Mosque), 12, 87, general Sunni curriculum, 51 119n increased family valuation of, 42– Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, 96 43 Lebanon, 70 standard program for, 24–25 literacy rates, 28 Islamist militants Lokshin, Michael education, backgrounds of, 67, 69 research on parental schooling Islamist political parties, 57 decisions, 29, 36–39 Islamiyat (Islamic Studies), 15, 47 London bombings definition of, xviii and link to Pakistan, 40, 81 requirement for, 17 Ittehad-e-Tanzimat Madaris-e- Macaulay, Thomas B., 43, 125n Diniya (ITMD), 82, 83 madaris (madrassah). See also administration of exams, 85 madrassah reform political pressures on, 86 certificates from, 52t, 56 izzat, 37 equivalency to those of nonreligious school, 54 Jaish-e-Muhammed, 4 curriculum, 65 Jamaat-i-Islami (JI), 21, 115n government restrictions on, definition of, xviii 83–84 link to militants, 59–60 texts used in, 54, 56, 107–14 political party, 59–60 deeni madrassah, 81, 130n suprasectarian claims, 127n defense of, 12 Index 137 definition of, xix link to sectarian violence, 90, 91, enrollment in, 6, 7, 10, 47, 93, 94 118n literature, documentation on, 3–6 “extreme madrassah quality of study data, 5 enrollment,” 36 non-Islamic educational products, family considerations for, 75 45 intensity along Pakistan- number of, problems with Afghanistan border, 7 tracking, 50, 51 parent rationale for selecting, opposition to government reform 11 efforts, 87–90 patterns, trends, 34–36, 35–36, political importance, 65 35t possible influence on norms, 11 PIHS data, 29, 30f, 35t program levels, correlations to possible socioeconomic factors nonreligious school, 52t for, 30, 31t, 32 proposed regulations for, 84–85 vs. makatib, 26 in Punjab, 9 wafaq, 58t rational sciences component, establishment of private, public currency of, 53, 54 schools by, 22 registration of, 83, 84 expansion of, by province/area, research on, 5–7 (See also 50t education research) family preferences for, ideological role, influence in Islamic parties, reasons, 33–34, 38, 39, 2 47–48 sectarian diversity of, 58t, 65, 77– family selection for ideological 78, 95 reasons, 33–34 Shia, 60 financial incentives, assistance to, student profiles, 10 38, 93 Sunni, 56–60 financial reporting by, 84 madhab, 56 foreign students at, 90 madrassah faculty for girls, women, 12, 41 attitudes of, 11, 76t government models, 40, 41 hiring requirements, 60–62 government registration of, 51 Madrassah Nizamia, 51 inclusion of worldly subjects, 88– madrassah reform, 12. See also 89 education reform international concern regarding, 1 deeni madrassah, 81 link to militant groups, violence, funding from education ministry, 2–5, 10, 57, 67, 78, 90, 86 91, 97 government efforts, 81–87 recruitment venue for, 68–69, Islamic scholars’ view of, 90–91 70 madaris’ view of, 87–90 research areas, 117n Musharraf’s efforts, approach, 95– 138 TheIndex Madrassah Challenge 96 Marhala Kuliya, 21 opposition, resistance to, 13, 92, Marhala Mutavassata, 21 94 markaz, xix Pakistani opinion of, 45–46, 46f, masalik (maslak), xix, 56 93 matriculation (“matric”), xix as part of Education Sector Maududi, Abul ala, 59 Reform, 40 maulvi, 16 perceived pressure from militant groups, 96. See also sectarian Washington, 87 violence progress on, 91–92 impact of restrictions on, 79 registration issue, 89 infiltration into Afghanistan, 71– syllabus development, 85 72 vs. curriculum reform, 48 madrassah-educated members of, madrassah students 79–80 admission criteria for, 63–64 possible connections to madaris, common perceptions held by, 10– 2–5, 10, 57,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Antigone, Irony, and the Nation State: the Case of Lal Masjid (Red Mosque) and the Role of Militant Feminism in Pakistan
    Antigone, Irony, and the Nation State: The Case of Lal Masjid (Red Mosque) and the Role of Militant Feminism in Pakistan Shaireen Rasheed Introduction conform to Islamist norms (i.e., by their dress, their “moral policing” In the absence of institutional of values), they are also often pub- state support from their home coun- licly branding themselves in “stereo- tries or support from Western femi- typical” performative roles at a time nists who are critical of a “feminist when such a label carries within it Muslim identity,” I hope in this paper the potential fear of making them- to elucidate how certain grass roots selves vulnerable to hostility. What I women’s movements in Third World hope to elucidate via Devji’s article countries are forced to make alter- native alliances. I will discuss the is- ‘radical Islamist, ‘piety’ ‘liberal or a sue of the Lal Masjid (Red Mosque) ‘secular’is the difficulty discourses in engaging when interpret solely in- incidence in Pakistan to illustrate, ing nuanced scenarios such as the how Muslim militant feminists have Lal Masjid. As a way to extrapolate re-aligned themselves with the na- the events of the Lal Masjid tion, state, and religion to justify useful to interject Hegel’s notion of their feminist identities. Through irony in the Phenomenology ,of I Spiritfind it1 the case study of the Red Mosque to the women in the nation state. in Pakistan and the militarization of the Jamia Hafsa feminists, I hope Background of the Lal Masjid to discuss the problematic of engag- ing in a “radical Islamist” discourse In 2007 women students be- when interpreting scenarios such as longing to a religious school or ma- the Lal Masjid.
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan Response Towards Terrorism: a Case Study of Musharraf Regime
    PAKISTAN RESPONSE TOWARDS TERRORISM: A CASE STUDY OF MUSHARRAF REGIME By: SHABANA FAYYAZ A thesis Submitted to the University of Birmingham For the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Political Science and International Studies The University of Birmingham May 2010 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT The ranging course of terrorism banishing peace and security prospects of today’s Pakistan is seen as a domestic effluent of its own flawed policies, bad governance, and lack of social justice and rule of law in society and widening gulf of trust between the rulers and the ruled. The study focused on policies and performance of the Musharraf government since assuming the mantle of front ranking ally of the United States in its so called ‘war on terror’. The causes of reversal of pre nine-eleven position on Afghanistan and support of its Taliban’s rulers are examined in the light of the geo-strategic compulsions of that crucial time and the structural weakness of military rule that needed external props for legitimacy. The flaws of the response to the terrorist challenges are traced to its total dependence on the hard option to the total neglect of the human factor from which the thesis develops its argument for a holistic approach to security in which the people occupy a central position.
    [Show full text]
  • Madrasa Education in the Pakistani Context: Challenges, Reforms and Future Directions
    Zahid Shahab Ahmed: Madarsa Peace Prints: South Asian Journal of Peacebuilding, Vol. 2, No. 1: Autumn 2009 Madrasa Education in the Pakistani context: Challenges, Reforms and Future Directions Zahid Shahab Ahmed Abstract Educational institutions in Pakistan function under three separate systems of operation — public, private and madrasas. The media and the government turned their attention towards the madrasas only after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, as there was a growing perception that terrorism in the region is fueled by these madrasas. Although several studies have been undertaken to analyze the madrasa curriculum and its impact on the students, the role and attitudes of madrasa teachers, as well as the challenges they face, have largely been neglected. This paper is based on interviews and focused group discussions conducted with madrasa teachers in Pakistan to gauge what, in their view, is required to reform the system. It also provides some recommendations for directions that future research could take in order to address religious radicalism in a sustainable manner. Author Profile Zahid Shahab Ahmed, from Pakistan, is PhD scholar at the University of New England in Australia. He co-authored Attitudes of Teachers in India and Pakistan: Texts and Contexts (New Delhi: WISCOMP 2007). For the last five years, he has been actively engaged in conflict transformation projects at the regional level in South Asia. Correspondence: [email protected]. Available from http://www.wiscomp.org/peaceprints.htm 1 Zahid Shahab Ahmed: Madarsa Peace Prints: South Asian Journal of Peacebuilding, Vol. 2, No. 1: Autumn 2009 Madrasa Education in the Pakistani context: Challenges, Reforms and Future Directions Zahid Shahab Ahmed Introduction Traditionally, madrasas are Islamic learning institutions, aimed at building a generation of Islamic scholars and leaders.
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan: Karachi’S Madrasas and Violent Extremism
    PAKISTAN: KARACHI’S MADRASAS AND VIOLENT EXTREMISM Asia Report N°130 – 29 March 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. MAPPING KARACHI’S CENTRES OF EXTREMISM........................................... 3 A. POLITICAL LANDSCAPE.........................................................................................................3 B. MADRASA TERRAIN ..............................................................................................................4 1. Counting Karachi’s madrasas ....................................................................................5 III. THE ACTORS ................................................................................................................ 6 A. THE DEOBANDI-PASHTUN NEXUS.........................................................................................6 1. Deobandi madrasas....................................................................................................6 2. Deobandi jihadi organisations and the madrasa sector ...................................................8 B. THE AHLE HADITH CONNECTION..........................................................................................9 C. THE SHIA RESPONSE .............................................................................................................9 D. JAMAAT-I-ISLAMI AND JIHADI NETWORKS..............................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • The Ghazi Force
    JULY 2010 . VOL 3 . ISSUE 7 The Role of Lal Masjid in the Formation of the in South Waziristan.8 Fidaullah, who The Ghazi Force: A Threat to Ghazi Force was arrested by Pakistan’s authorities Pakistan’s Urban Centers For many years, Lal Masjid served in June 2009, also reportedly ordered as an indoctrination and waypoint the beheadings of three men in Buner By Syed Manzar Abbas Zaidi station for Islamic fighters traveling to District of the North-West Frontier Afghanistan during the jihad against Province (NWFP) on charges of spying pakistan is increasingly under siege the Soviet Union. More recently, the for security forces.9 from militant factions that are primarily mosque became a jihadist symbol based in the country’s northwest tribal of defiance against the Pakistan Niaz Raheem, the current leader of the region. Most attacks are blamed on government’s pro-Western and anti- group, came from Swat in Pakistan’s Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), an jihadist policies. Students at Lal Masjid northwest, and was a student of Jamia umbrella group of multiple Pakistani openly defied the writ of the state in the Faridia at Lal Masjid.10 During his time Taliban factions led by Hakimullah heart of Islamabad when they brazenly at the mosque, Niaz was in charge of Mehsud. Disaggregating the various commandeered government buildings, communications for the women’s wing militant factions part of the Pakistani kidnapped Chinese women who they of the Lal Masjid establishment, known Taliban is more difficult. Yet details are accused of being sex workers and emerging about a relatively new militant openly displayed weapons.4 The leading group that has undertaken a number of clerics at Lal Masjid, Abdul Rashid Ghazi “In accordance with deadly attacks on Pakistani government and his brother Maulana Abdul Aziz, the TTP’s tendency to and Western targets.
    [Show full text]
  • Islamic Peace Ethics Legitimate and Illegitimate Violence in Contemporary Islamic Thought
    Studien zur Friedensethik Studies on Peace Ethics | Heydar Shadi [ed.] Islamic Peace Ethics Legitimate and Illegitimate Violence in Contemporary Islamic Thought Das Institut für Theologie und Frieden hat die Aufgabe, die ethischen Grundlagen menschlicher Friedensordnung zu erforschen und in den aktuellen friedenspolitischen Diskurs hineinzutragen. Mit den „Studien zur Friedensethik“ wird eine friedensethische Vertiefung der außen- und sicherheitspolitischen Debatte angestrebt. Dabei geht es letztlich um die Frage: Durch welche Politik wird den heute von Gewalt, Armut und Unfreiheit bedrohten Menschen am bes- ten geholfen und zugleich der Errichtung einer zukünftigen fried- lichen internationalen Ordnung gedient, in der Sicherheit, Wahrung der Gerechtigkeit und Achtung der Menschenrechte für alle gewährleistet werden? Studien zur Friedensethik Studies on Peace Ethics herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. Heinz-Gerhard Justenhoven Dr. Bernhard Koch Band 57 Heydar Shadi [ed.] Islamic Peace Ethics Legitimate and Illegitimate Violence in Contemporary Islamic Thought 2.Auflage Nomos Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de ISBN HB (Nomos) 978-3-8487-4050-5 ePDF (Nomos) 978-3-8452-8349-4 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN HB (Nomos) 978-3-8487-4050-5 ePDF (Nomos) 978-3-8452-8349-4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Shadi, Heydar Islamic Peace Ethics Legitimate and Illegitimate Violence in Contemporary Islamic Thought Heydar Shadi (ed.) 263 p. Includes bibliographic references. ISBN HB (Nomos) 978-3-8487-4050-5 ePDF (Nomos) 978-3-8452-8349-4 ISBN 978-3-402-11704-0 (Aschendorff Verlag, Münster, Print) ISBN 978-3-402-11704-0 (Aschendorff Verlag, Münster, ePDF) Die Schriftenreihen ‚Beiträge zur Friedensethik‘ und ‚Theologie und Frieden‘ sind jeweils bis Band 44 beim Verlag W.
    [Show full text]
  • Gendered Perceptions and Impact of Terrorism/Talibanization in Pakistan
    Gendered Perceptions and Impact of Terrorism / Talibanization in Pakistan Farzana Bari Table of Contents Acknowledgement Acronyms 1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………1 2. Background………………………………………………………………………….5 Root of Radicalization in Indo-Pak Sub-Continent…………………………………..5 Role of Establishment in the Rise of Extremism in Pakistan……………………….9 3. Research Methods and Methodology………………………………………….13 Scope of the Study………………………………………………………………...…..13 Sample Size……………………………………………………………………...…….13 Difficulties and Limitation of the Study………………………………………..……. 13 Profile of the Respondents …………….…………………………………………… 14 4. Gendered Perceptions of Terrorism/Talibanization in Pakistan………….17 Gendered Views on Taliban………………………………………………………….18 Politics of Talibanization …………………………………………………………… 21 Gendered perceptions on the Role of Government to Counter Terrorism/Talibanization……………………..…………………………………..……22 Women‟s Response to Terrorism/Talibanization……………………………….… 23 5. Gendered Impact of Terrorism/ Talibanization………………………………30 Social Impact………………………………………………………………………..… 31 Gendered Impact of Terrorism/Talibanization on Health………………………….31 Gendered Impact of Terrorism/Talibanization on Education…………………….. 33 Gendered Impact of Terrorism/Talibanization on Mobility……………………….. 34 Gendered Impact on Local Culture………………………………………………….35 Gender based Violence ………………………………………………………………35 Forced Internal Displacement…………………………………………………..……35 Psycho-Social Impact ……………………………………………………………..….36 Economic Impact……………………………………………………………………....37 Political Impact…………………………………………………………………………38
    [Show full text]
  • 'Reformists': a Feminist Historical Analysis of Al-Huda International
    Women in Pakistan as Subjects of Reform to ‘Reformists’: A Feminist Historical Analysis of Al-Huda International By Saima Noreen Submitted to Central European University Department of Gender Studies In partial fulfillment for the Erasmus Mundus Master's Degree in Women’s and Gender Studies (GEMMA) Main supervisor: Dr Nadia Jones-Gailani (Central European University) Second reader: Dr Dorota Golańska (University of Łódź) CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2019 Women in Pakistan as Subjects of Reform to ‘Reformists’: A Feminist Historical Analysis of Al-Huda International By Saima Noreen In partial fulfillment for the Erasmus Mundus Master's Degree in Women’s and Gender Studies (GEMMA) Main supervisor: Dr Nadia Jones-Gailani Second reader: Dr Dorota Golańska Approval by main supervisor: _______________ CEU eTD Collection Declaration of Original Content I hereby declare that this thesis is the result of original research; it contains no materials accepted for any degree in any other institution and no materials previously written and/or published by another person, except where appropriate acknowledgment is made in the form of bibliographical reference rather declare that the following word count for this thesis is accurate: Body of thesis (all chapters excluding notes, bibliography, appendices): 25,811 words Entire manuscript: 32,749 words Signed: Saima Noreen, September 9th 2019 CEU eTD Collection i Abstract Al-Huda, a transnational Muslim piety movement, is bringing socio-cultural transformation in the urban educated class of Pakistan and creating new identities of ‘disobediently pious women' and ‘rebellious religious women' in the political and social context where women have been subjected to reform.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CRISIS of PAKISTAN: a DANGEROUSLY WEAK STATE Isaac Kfir*
    THE CRISIS OF PAKISTAN: A DANGEROUSLY WEAK STATE Isaac Kfir* This paper explores several key elements undermining the viability of the Pakistani state: Islamism, tribalism, ethno-nationalism, and quasi-secularism. The demands of each of these movements are difficult to reconcile with the needs of the others. At the same time, these movements exert pressure on a very weak government and state system. Hence, the author argues that unless the current regime undertakes substantial structural reforms, Pakistan may come apart at the seams, with dire consequences for regional and international stability. At the 60th Formation Commanders Bhutto and Sharif, do not command the Conference in April 2007, President Pervez support of the military to the extent that Musharraf noted that domestic extremism, Musharraf does, which would make it difficult obscurantism, and religious bigotry posed a for them to govern the country.9 greater threat to the Pakistani state than such This paper focuses on the three key groups threats from abroad.1 With much Islamist and factors which pose a threat to the Pakistani activity emanating from Pakistan, the United state: Islamists, tribalists, and ethno- States has deemed Pakistan as frontline state nationalists. In addition, there is a fourth in the global “war on terror.” Thus the group, which emerged following the country‟s political stability is imperative for suspension of Chief Justice Chaudhary. This success in this war.2 Yet the different elements group is composed of the professional classes within the country striving to establish (quasi-secularists), who are angry at dominance and control have created Musharraf‟s manner and governance style, instability.3 Ultimately, a politically unstable which they feel undermines Pakistan's move nuclear Pakistan threatens a highly volatile toward democracy.
    [Show full text]
  • View Seeks to Shed Light on Factors That Cause Reli- Gious Parties to Traverse This Critical Line and Reject State Authority
    Vigilante Islamism in Pakistan: Religious Party Responses to the Lal Masjid Crisis by Joshua T. White he year preceding pakistan’s february 2008 general elections was one of the most tumultuous in the country’s history. Along with the political upheavals associated with the judicial crisis, the military government’s suspension of the constitution and imposition of emer- gency rule, and the assassination of Benazir Bhutto, the year brought Twith it an upsurge in violence following the Pakistan Army’s siege of the radical Lal Masjid (Red Mosque) in the capital city of Islamabad. More than any other event in recent years, the Lal Masjid crisis led to an important new debate amongst the coun- try’s various religio-political movements over the legitimacy and efficacy of vigilante Islamism—that is, over the permissibility of a non-state actor to take unilateral ac- tion, through violence if necessary, to enforce the sharia apart from the hand of the state. This debate is likely to have continuing implications for Pakistan’s internal stability, as well as the future shape of its Islamist discourse. Pakistan is home to a wide array of Islamist actors and movements, nearly all of which have a stake in this discussion about vigilantism. These actors fall roughly along a spectrum that extends from mainstream, right-of-center parties which place a strong emphasis on the role of religion in politics, such as Nawaz Sharif’s Pakistan Muslim League (PML-N); to expressly Islamist parties such as the Jamaat-e-Islami (JI); 50 ■ CURRENT TRENDS IN ISLAMIST IDEOLOGY / VOL.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Framing Analysis of the Red Mosque Incident in the Coverage of Local Right Wing and Western Print Media (June – Aug 2007)
    Journal of Political Studies, Vol. 26, Issue - 2, 2019, 15:33 A Comparative Framing Analysis of the Red Mosque Incident in the Coverage of Local Right Wing and Western Print Media (June – Aug 2007) Rohail Ahmed and Dr. Fatima Sajjad Abstract The purpose of this research is to analyze how a crucial incident of Pakistan’s recent political history - the Red Mosque military operation of 2007 has been reported and narrated by selected Western and Local Right wing newspapers. How these media forums framed the news stories about the Red Mosque incident in their respective contexts. This study explains the news framing trends using framing analysis of Western and Pakistani Local Right wing media. At the first phase, Framing Analysis elucidates the language of the news stories of two factions through framing forms/tools which are based on rhetoric sense. Then, at second phase, comparative analysis technique elaborates the major frames of two newspapers. The study finds how various frames used by Pakistani Local Right wing media (The Daily Islam, The Daily Jasarat & The Takbeer Weekly) and selected Western media (The Guardian, The Washington Post & The Economist) to describe the story of the Red Mosque incident in 2007. Keywords: Framing Analysis, Red Mosque incident, Extremism, Pakistani Media, Western Media. Introduction The U.S. led post 9/11 War on Terror left a lasting impact on multiple sections of Pakistani society. One sector which was most deeply affected by the multidimensional war was the traditional religious education in Pakistan. The Red Mosque and its affiliated seminaries were one of the most important institutions for religious education at the heart of Pakistani capital Islamabad.
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan: Karachi's Madrasas and Violent Extremism
    PAKISTAN: KARACHI’S MADRASAS AND VIOLENT EXTREMISM Asia Report N°130 – 29 March 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. MAPPING KARACHI’S CENTRES OF EXTREMISM........................................... 3 A. POLITICAL LANDSCAPE.........................................................................................................3 B. MADRASA TERRAIN ..............................................................................................................4 1. Counting Karachi’s madrasas ....................................................................................5 III. THE ACTORS ................................................................................................................ 6 A. THE DEOBANDI-PASHTUN NEXUS.........................................................................................6 1. Deobandi madrasas....................................................................................................6 2. Deobandi jihadi organisations and the madrasa sector ...................................................8 B. THE AHLE HADITH CONNECTION..........................................................................................9 C. THE SHIA RESPONSE .............................................................................................................9 D. JAMAAT-I-ISLAMI AND JIHADI NETWORKS..............................................................................10
    [Show full text]