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The Ventral Nerve Cord of Lithobius Forficatus (Lithobiomorpha): Morphology, Neuroanatomy, and Individually Identifiable Neurons
76 (3): 377 – 394 11.12.2018 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2018. A comparative analysis of the ventral nerve cord of Lithobius forficatus (Lithobiomorpha): morphology, neuroanatomy, and individually identifiable neurons Vanessa Schendel, Matthes Kenning & Andy Sombke* University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, Soldmannstrasse 23, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Vanessa Schendel [[email protected]]; Matthes Kenning [[email protected]]; Andy Sombke * [andy. [email protected]] — * Corresponding author Accepted 19.iv.2018. Published online at www.senckenberg.de/arthropod-systematics on 27.xi.2018. Editors in charge: Markus Koch & Klaus-Dieter Klass Abstract. In light of competing hypotheses on arthropod phylogeny, independent data are needed in addition to traditional morphology and modern molecular approaches. One promising approach involves comparisons of structure and development of the nervous system. In addition to arthropod brain and ventral nerve cord morphology and anatomy, individually identifiable neurons (IINs) provide new charac- ter sets for comparative neurophylogenetic analyses. However, very few species and transmitter systems have been investigated, and still fewer species of centipedes have been included in such analyses. In a multi-methodological approach, we analyze the ventral nerve cord of the centipede Lithobius forficatus using classical histology, X-ray micro-computed tomography and immunohistochemical experiments, combined with confocal laser-scanning microscopy to characterize walking leg ganglia and identify IINs using various neurotransmitters. In addition to the subesophageal ganglion, the ventral nerve cord of L. forficatus is composed of the forcipular ganglion, 15 well-separated walking leg ganglia, each associated with eight pairs of nerves, and the fused terminal ganglion. Within the medially fused hemiganglia, distinct neuropilar condensations are located in the ventral-most domain. -
Arachnides 88
ARACHNIDES BULLETIN DE TERRARIOPHILIE ET DE RECHERCHES DE L’A.P.C.I. (Association Pour la Connaissance des Invertébrés) 88 2019 Arachnides, 2019, 88 NOUVEAUX TAXA DE SCORPIONS POUR 2018 G. DUPRE Nouveaux genres et nouvelles espèces. BOTHRIURIDAE (5 espèces nouvelles) Brachistosternus gayi Ojanguren-Affilastro, Pizarro-Araya & Ochoa, 2018 (Chili) Brachistosternus philippii Ojanguren-Affilastro, Pizarro-Araya & Ochoa, 2018 (Chili) Brachistosternus misti Ojanguren-Affilastro, Pizarro-Araya & Ochoa, 2018 (Pérou) Brachistosternus contisuyu Ojanguren-Affilastro, Pizarro-Araya & Ochoa, 2018 (Pérou) Brachistosternus anandrovestigia Ojanguren-Affilastro, Pizarro-Araya & Ochoa, 2018 (Pérou) BUTHIDAE (2 genres nouveaux, 41 espèces nouvelles) Anomalobuthus krivotchatskyi Teruel, Kovarik & Fet, 2018 (Ouzbékistan, Kazakhstan) Anomalobuthus lowei Teruel, Kovarik & Fet, 2018 (Kazakhstan) Anomalobuthus pavlovskyi Teruel, Kovarik & Fet, 2018 (Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan) Ananteris kalina Ythier, 2018b (Guyane) Barbaracurus Kovarik, Lowe & St'ahlavsky, 2018a Barbaracurus winklerorum Kovarik, Lowe & St'ahlavsky, 2018a (Oman) Barbaracurus yemenensis Kovarik, Lowe & St'ahlavsky, 2018a (Yémen) Butheolus harrisoni Lowe, 2018 (Oman) Buthus boussaadi Lourenço, Chichi & Sadine, 2018 (Algérie) Compsobuthus air Lourenço & Rossi, 2018 (Niger) Compsobuthus maidensis Kovarik, 2018b (Somaliland) Gint childsi Kovarik, 2018c (Kénya) Gint amoudensis Kovarik, Lowe, Just, Awale, Elmi & St'ahlavsky, 2018 (Somaliland) Gint gubanensis Kovarik, Lowe, Just, Awale, Elmi & St'ahlavsky, -
Dinburgh Encyclopedia;
THE DINBURGH ENCYCLOPEDIA; CONDUCTED DY DAVID BREWSTER, LL.D. \<r.(l * - F. R. S. LOND. AND EDIN. AND M. It. LA. CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF PARIS, AND OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF TRUSSLi; JIEMBER OF THE ROYAL SWEDISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES; OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF SCIENCES OF DENMARK; OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF GOTTINGEN, AND OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF MODENA; HONORARY ASSOCIATE OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF LYONS ; ASSOCIATE OF THE SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS; MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF THE AN TIQUARIES OF SCOTLAND; OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, AND OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON; OF THE AMERICAN ANTlftUARIAN SOCIETY; HONORARY MEMBER OF THE LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK, OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK; OF THE LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOClE'i'Y OF li riiECHT; OF THE PimOSOPHIC'.T- SOC1ETY OF CAMBRIDGE; OF THE LITERARY AND ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY OF PERTH: OF THE NORTHERN INSTITUTION, AND OF THE ROYAL MEDICAL AND PHYSICAL SOCIETIES OF EDINBURGH ; OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA ; OF THE SOCIETY OF THE FRIENDS OF NATURAL HISTORY OF BERLIN; OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF FRANKFORT; OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL AND LITERARY SOCIETY OF LEEDS, OF THE ROYAL GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CORNWALL, AND OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF YORK. WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF GENTLEMEN. EMINENT IN SCIENCE AND LITERATURE. IN EIGHTEEN VOLUMES. VOLUME VII. EDINBURGH: PRINTED FOR WILLIAM BLACKWOOD; AND JOHN WAUGH, EDINBURGH; JOHN MURRAY; BALDWIN & CRADOCK J. M. RICHARDSON, LONDON 5 AND THE OTHER PROPRIETORS. M.DCCC.XXX.- . -
Lithobiomorpha, Lithobiidae)
ZooKeys 980: 43–55 (2020) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/zookeys.980.47295 RESEARCH ARTICLE https://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research An unusual new centipede subgenus Lithobius (Sinuispineus), with two new species from China (Lithobiomorpha, Lithobiidae) Xiaodong Chang1, Sujian Pei1, Chunying Zhu1, Huiqin Ma1,2 1 Institute of Myriapodology, School of Life Sciences, Hengshui University, Hengshui, Hebei 053000, China 2 Hebei Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Conservation, Hengshui, Hebei 053000, China Corresponding author: Huiqin Ma ([email protected]) Academic editor: M. Zapparoli | Received 15 October 2019 | Accepted 22 September 2020 | Published 28 October 2020 http://zoobank.org/E3EB2FC3-3070-47DB-9C51-A65C793754F8 Citation: Chang X, Pei S, Zhu C, Ma H (2020) An unusual new centipede subgenus Lithobius (Sinuispineus), with two new species from China (Lithobiomorpha, Lithobiidae). ZooKeys 980: 43–55. https://doi.org/10.3897/ zookeys.980.47295 Abstract The present study describes a new Lithobiomorpha subgenus, Lithobius (Sinuispineus) subgen. nov., and two new species, L. (Sinuispineus) sinuispineus sp. nov. and L. (Sinuispineus) minuticornis sp. nov. from China. The representatives of the new subgenus are characterized by a considerable sexual dimorphism of the ultimate leg pair 15, having the femur and tibia unusually enlarged in males, and the dorsal side of the femur with curved posterior spurs. These features distinguishLithobius (Sinuispineus) subgen. nov. from all other subgenera of Lithobius. The diagnosis and the main morphological characters of the new subgenus and of the two new species are given for both male and female specimens. Keywords Chilopoda, Lithobius (Sinuispineus) minuticornis sp. nov., Lithobius (Sinuispineus) sinuispineus sp. -
Comparative Morphology of Ultimate and Walking Legs in the Centipede Lithobius Forficatus (Myriapoda) with Functional Implicatio
Kenning et al. Zoological Letters (2019) 5:3 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-018-0115-x RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Comparative morphology of ultimate and walking legs in the centipede Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda) with functional implications Matthes Kenning1,2* , Vanessa Schendel1,3, Carsten H. G. Müller2 and Andy Sombke1,4 Abstract Background: In the context of evolutionary arthopodial transformations, centipede ultimate legs exhibit a plethora of morphological modifications and behavioral adaptations. Many species possess significantly elongated, thickened, or pincer-like ultimate legs. They are frequently sexually dimorphic, indicating a role in courtship and mating. In addition, glandular pores occur more commonly on ultimate legs than on walking legs, indicating a role in secretion, chemical communication, or predator avoidance. In this framework, this study characterizes the evolutionarily transformed ultimate legs in Lithobius forficatus in comparison with regular walking legs. Results: A comparative analysis using macro-photography, SEM, μCT, autofluorescence, backfilling, and 3D- reconstruction illustrates that ultimate legs largely resemble walking legs, but also feature a series of distinctions. Substantial differences are found with regard to aspects of the configuration of specific podomeres, musculature, abundance of epidermal glands, typology and distribution of epidermal sensilla, and architecture of associated nervous system structures. Conclusion: In consideration of morphological and behavioral characteristics, ultimate legs in L. forficatus primarily serve a defensive, but also a sensory function. Moreover, morphologically coherent characteristics in the organization of the ultimate leg versus the antenna-associated neuromere point to constructional constraints in the evolution of primary processing neuropils. Keywords: Chilopoda, Evolution, microCT, Neuroanatomy, Nervous system, Scanning electron microscopy, Backfilling Background evolutionary transformations of the ultimate legs. -
Chilopoda, Lithobiomorpha): a New Member of the Polish Fauna
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 821: 1–10 (2019) The Siberian centipede speciesLithobius proximus 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.821.32250 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research The Siberian centipede species Lithobius proximus Sseliwanoff, 1878 (Chilopoda, Lithobiomorpha): a new member of the Polish fauna Jolanta Wytwer1, Karel Tajovský2 1 Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warszawa, Poland 2 Institute of Soil Biology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Corresponding author: Jolanta Wytwer ([email protected]) Academic editor: M. Zapparoli | Received 7 December 2018 | Accepted 8 January 2019 | Published 31 January 2019 http://zoobank.org/3A4DA404-27EF-4270-8FA5-4C932B682C03 Citation: Wytwer J, Tajovský K (2019) The Siberian centipede species Lithobius proximus Sseliwanoff, 1878 (Chilopoda, Lithobiomorpha): a new member of the Polish fauna. ZooKeys 821: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.821.32250 Abstract The centipedeLithobius proximus Sseliwanoff, 1878 is presented for the first time as a new member of the Polish fauna. This species, originally characterized as a widespread Siberian boreal species, seems to possess high plasticity with regards to environmental requirements. Its actual distribution range covers several geographical zones where local conditions have allowed it to survive. The present research in the Wigry National Park, northeast Poland, shows that its distribution extends to the ends of the East European Plain embracing the East Suwałki Lake District, where it occurs almost exclusively in the oak-hornbeam forests: in summer it is one of the three dominant lithobiomorph centipedes inhabiting litter layers. -
Kataloge Band 21
©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien,Kataloge download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Band 21 der wissenschaftlichen Sammlungen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien Myriapoda Heft 3 Verena S t a g l , M arzio Z a p p a r o l i Type specimens of the Lithobiomorpha (Chilopoda) in the Natural History Museum in Vienna Verlag des N aturhisto rischen Museums Wien ISBN 3-902 421-16-9 ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Stagl, V., Zapparoli, M.: Type specimens of the Lithobiomorpha (Chilopoda) in the Natural History Museum in Vienna. Kataloge der wissenschaftlichen Sammlungen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Band 21: Myriapoda, Heft 3. Wien: Verlag NHMW November 2006. 49 S. ISBN 3-902 421-16-9 Für den Inhalt sind die Autoren verantwortlich. Alle Rechte Vorbehalten. Copyright 2006 by Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria. ISBN 3-902 421-16-9 Verlag: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien Burgring 7, A-1010 Wien, Austria. Druck: GRASL Druck & Neue Medien Layout und Cover-Design: Josef Muhsil-Schamall Catalogue front cover: Henicops caeculus B r o l e m a n n , 1889 modified after B er l ese 1892; Lithobius piisillus L atzel , 1880 modified after B erlese 1888; Lithobius leptopus L a tz e l , 1880 modified after B erlese 1890 ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Type specimens of the Lithobiomorpha (Chilopoda) in the Natural History Museum in Vienna Verena Stagl1, Marzio Zapparoli 2 Abstract The present annotated type catalogue lists the type series of the Lithobiomorpha (Chilopoda) collection housed in the Natural History Museum in Vienna (NHMW). Altogether, 110 types belonging to the fami lies Henicopidae and Lithobiidae are registered - 80 species, 17 subspecies and 13 variations. -
A Natural History of Conspecific Aggregations in Terrestrial Arthropods, with Emphasis on Cycloalexy in Leaf Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
TAR Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews 5 (2012) 289–355 brill.com/tar A natural history of conspecific aggregations in terrestrial arthropods, with emphasis on cycloalexy in leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Jorge A. Santiago-Blay1,*, Pierre Jolivet2,3 and Krishna K. Verma4 1Department of Paleobiology, MRC-121, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA 2Natural History Museum, Paris, 67 Boulevard Soult, 75012 Paris, France 3Museum of Entomology, Florida State Collection of Arthropods Gainesville, FL, USA 4HIG 1/327, Housing Board Colony, Borsi, Durg-491001 India *Corresponding author; e-mails: [email protected], [email protected]. PJ: [email protected]; KKV: [email protected] Received on 30 April 2012. Accepted on 17 July 2012. Final version received on 29 October 2012. Summary Aggregations of conspecifics are ubiquitous in the biological world. In arthropods, such aggregations are generated and regulated through complex interactions of chemical and mechanical as well as abiotic and biotic factors. Aggregations are often functionally associated with facilitation of defense, thermomodula- tion, feeding, and reproduction, amongst others. Although the iconic aggregations of locusts, fireflies, and monarch butterflies come to mind, many other groups of arthropods also aggregate. Cycloalexy is a form of circular or quasicircular aggregation found in many animals. In terrestrial arthropods, cycloalexy appears to be a form of defensive aggregation although we cannot rule out other functions, particularly thermomodulation. In insects, cycloalexic-associated behaviors may include coordinated movements, such as the adoption of seemingly threatening postures, regurgitation of presumably toxic compounds, as well as biting movements. These behaviors appear to be associated with attempts to repel objects perceived to be threatening, such as potential predators or parasitoids. -
Endocrine Events During the Life Cycle of Lithobius Forficatus L. (Myriapoda, Chilopoda)
©Naturwiss. med. Ver. Innsbruck, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Ber. nat.-med. Verein Innsbruck Suppl. 10 S. Ill - 116 Innsbruck, April 1992 8th International Congress of Myriapodology, Innsbruck, Austria, July 15 - 20, 1990 Endocrine Events during the Life Cycle of Lithobius forficatus L. (Myriapoda, Chilopoda) • by Michel DESCAMPS Laboratoire de Biologie Animale, Université de Lille l, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France Abstract: The endocrine signals demonstrated or inferred from natural cycles or experimental series are reviewed. All data are for the situation in Northern France, since animals are responsive to climatic conditions. — The main signals that occur in the control of molting are ecdysteroid peaks and cerebral gland secretions. In addi- tion, an autumnal "molt-blocking factor" may occur, leading to low levels of ecdysteroids and to lack of molting. Day-length may be the main factor involved in triggering and maintenance of this phase. — During the Spermato- genese cycle a winter rest period also occurs, but a minimal spermatocyte growth rate is maintained, related proba- bly to an increase in testis ecdysteroid level. As no influence of ecdysteroid level variations were found during the period of high physiological activity, other factors may be involved in the modulation of the testis-blood barrier. — A hormonal balance between ecdysteroids and a cerebral gland factor could also be involved in regulating oocyte growth. 1. Introduction: Lithobius, like other animals, is under the control of endocrine factors. Our purpose in this paper is to review the endocrine signals, in order to elucidate their functions during the natural life cycle, to correlate endocrine activities to external events (e.g. -
Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpa: Anopsobiidae, Henicopidae, Lithobiidae) from Kazakhstan
Arthropoda Selecta 28(1): 8–20 © ARTHROPODA SELECTA, 2019 New data on lithobiomorph centipedes (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpa: Anopsobiidae, Henicopidae, Lithobiidae) from Kazakhstan Íîâûå äàííûå î ìíîãîíîæêàõ-êîñòÿíêàõ (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha: Anopsobiidae, Henicopidae, Lithobiidae) Ðåñïóáëèêè Êàçàõñòàí Yu.V. Dyachkov Þ.Â. Äüÿ÷êîâ Altai State University, Lenin Avenue, 61, Barnaul 656049, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] Алтайский государственный университет, проспект Ленина, 61, Барнаул 656049 Россия. KEY WORDS: Lithobiomorpha, Anopsobiidae, Henicopidae, Lithobiidae, faunistics, new records, Kazakh- stan. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: Lithobiomorpha, Anopsobiidae, Henicopidae, Lithobiidae, фаунистика, новые на- ходки, Казахстан. ABSTRACT. 11 species of lithobiomorph centi- insolens Dányi et Tuf, 2012. Три вида: D. loricatus, pedes are recorded in Kazakhstan: Dzhungaria gigantea H. cf. plumatus и L. forficatus впервые отмечены в Farzalieva, Zalesskaja et Edgecombe, 2004, Cermato- Алматинской области. L. forficatus, род Lithobius bius kirgisicus (Zalesskaja, 1972), Australobius mag- Leach, 1814, семейство Lithobiidae и отряд Litho- nus (Trotzina, 1894), Disphaerobius loricatus (Sseli- biomorpha впервые отмечены в Кызылординской wanoff, 1881), Hessebius golovatchi Farzalieva, 2017, области. Для некоторых видов приведены приме- H. multicalcaratus Folkmanová, 1958, H. perelae Za- чания и проиллюстрированы ротовые придатки. lesskaja, 1978, H. cf. plumatus Zalesskaja, 1978, Litho- Дана карта, иллюстрирующая новые находки в ре- bius (L.) forficatus (Linnaeus, -
Myriapoda: Chilopoda)
voigtlaender.qxd 15.01.2007 17:01 Uhr Seite 9 Bonner zoologische Beiträge Band 55 (2006) Heft 1 Seiten 9–25 Bonn, Januar 2007 The Life Cycle of Lithobius mutabilis L. Koch, 1862 (Myriapoda: Chilopoda) Karin VOIGTLÄNDER Görlitz, Germany Abstract. The post-embryonic development and life cycle of Lithobius mutabilis L. Koch, 1862 were studied. Data for stage analyses were obtained by laboratory breeding and continuous observations of field-collected specimens in capti- vity over more than five years. Developmental stages are described with respect to the following characters: number of legs (anamorphic stages only), head length and width, length and width of tergite 3, body length, biomass, number of co- xal pores, ocelli, and antennal articles. All characters were measured on living individuals under CO2-anaesthesia. Infor- mation concerning oviposition and egg development, onset of sexual dimorphism and maturity, stage duration and moul- ting activity, life span and mortality as well as observations on feeding behaviour are provided. The results are compa- red with those of other investigations on L. mutabilis and other lithobiid species. Keywords. Post-embryonic development, morphological characters, bionomy, Lithobiidae. 1. INTRODUCTION in succession). All Lithobiomorpha develop by hemi- anamorphosis: a juvenile hatches with a small number of Centipedes are essential components of the predatory segments and legs and develops by a series of moults. At arthropod fauna. Because of their considerable suitabili- each moult there is an increase of segments and legs un- ty as indicators of ecological site conditions, Lithobiidae til a defined number is reached (anamorphic development). attract utmost attention. The use of species as biological Further moults only lead to a growth in body size and a indicators is based on the knowledge of its ecofaunistical modification of various structures without increase of seg- behaviour, phenology and bionomical strategy. -
Two New Species of Lithobius on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Identified
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 785: 11–28Two (2018) new species of Lithobius on Qinghai-Tibetan plateau identified from... 11 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.785.28580 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Two new species of Lithobius on Qinghai-Tibetan plateau identified from morphology and COI sequences (Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae) Penghai Qiao1,2,3, Wen Qin1,2,3, Huiqin Ma4, Tongzuo Zhang1,2, Jianping Su1,2, Gonghua Lin1,2 1 Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chi- nese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008. No.23 Xinning Road, Chengxi District, Xining, Qinghai, China 2 Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, Qinghai, China 3 Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 4 Scientific Research Office, Hengshui University, Hengshui 053000, China Corresponding authors: Tongzuo Zhang ([email protected]); Jianping Su ([email protected]) Academic editor: M. Zapparoli | Received 24 July 2018 | Accepted 4 August 2018 | Published 13 September 2018 http://zoobank.org/CD9CA886-6212-420B-A19B-795F65AFB000 Citation: Qiao P, Qin W, Ma H, Zhang T, Su J, Lin G (2018) Two new species of Lithobius on Qinghai-Tibetan plateau identified from morphology and COI sequences (Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae). ZooKeys 785: 11–28.https:// doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.785.28580 Abstract Lithobius (Ezembius) longibasitarsus sp. n. and Lithobius (Ezembius) datongensis sp. n. (Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae), recently discovered from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China, are described. A key to the species of the subgenus Ezembius in China is presented. The partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I barcoding gene was amplified and sequenced for eight individuals of the two new species and the dataset was used for molecular phylogenetic analysis and genetic distance determination.