New Records and Remarks on the Centipede Fauna of Endogean Habitats of Sardinia (Chilopoda)*

Home , Armungia, Asuni, Bauladu, Cryptops hortensis, Dolianova, Domusnovas

coNservazioNe habitat iNvertebrati 5: 223–242 (2011) cNbfvr New records and remarks on the centipede fauna of endogean habitats of Sardinia (Chilopoda)*

Marzio ZAPPAROLI Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. E-mail: [email protected]

*In: Nardi G., Whitmore D., Bardiani M., Birtele D., Mason F., Spada L. & Cerretti P. (eds), Biodiversity of Marganai and Montimannu (Sardinia). Research in the framework of the ICP Forests network. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 5: 223–242.

ABSTRACT

Thirty-two species of centipedes, mostly collected with speciﬁ c methods (soil-washing, Berlese type funnels), mostly in endogean habitats (i.e., the portion of soil comprised between the lower humus layer and the maximum depth of plant roots) of Sardinia, and representing about 60% of the centipede fauna of the island (55 species), are listed and discussed. The Mediterranean species Nannophilus eximius (Meinert, 1870) (Geophilo- morpha, Schendylidae) is for the ﬁ rst time recorded from the island. An updated list of the centipedes of Sardinia is also given, according to their distribution in the present-day administrative division of the region. General considerations on the centipede fauna of deep-soil habitats of Sardinia are presented: the Geophilomorpha are the most represented group (20 species, more than 70% of the known Sardinian representatives of the order), followed by the Lithobiomorpha (8 species) and Scolopendromorpha (3 species); species with a small or medium body size are mostly represented, while large species apparently occur only occasionally or are represented by immature specimens; no species have been exclusively found in this habitat so far, although some species seem more frequent in endogean samples than in epigean ones; species diversity is generally low, the number of species per site ranging from 1 (30 sites out of 78) to 8 (1 site).

Key words: Chilopoda, Lithobiomorpha, Scolopendromorpha, Geophilomorpha, soil fauna, endogean habitat, Italy, Sardinia.

RIASSUNTO

Nuovi dati faunistici e considerazioni sui Chilopodi endogei della Sardegna

In questo lavoro sono elencate e discusse 32 specie di Chilopodi della Sardegna, perlopiù raccolte in ambiente endogeo (la parte di suolo compresa tra il limite inferiore dello strato di humus e il limite massimo raggiunto dalle radici delle piante), utilizzando metodiche speciﬁ che (lavaggio del suolo, selettore tipo Berlese). Complessivamente, si tratta di un campione pari a circa il 60% della fauna di questi Miriapodi nell'isola (55 specie). Nannophilus eximius (Meinert, 1870) (Geophilomorpha, Schendylidae), a corotipo Mediterraneo, è segnalto per la prima volta nell'isola. Si pre- senta inoltre un quadro aggiornato dei Chilopodi della Sardegna e della loro distribuzione nelle province amministrative in cui è attualmente divisa la regione. In base al materiale raccolto e ai dati di letteratura disponibili sono esposte alcune considerazioni generali sui Chilopodi sinora raccolti negli ambienti endogei della Sardegna: in termini di numero di specie, l'ordine maggiormente rappresentato è quello dei Geophilomorpha (oltre 20 specie, al momento più del 70% delle specie appartenenti a questo gruppo nell'isola), sono state inoltre raccolte 8 specie di Lithobiomorpha e 3 di Scolopendromorpha; le specie presenti con più regolarità hanno dimensioni del corpo medie o piccole, le specie di dimensioni maggiori sembrano occasionali o sono rappresentate da individui immaturi; nessuna specie risulta esclusiva, sebbene alcune sembrano più frequentemente campionate negli ambienti endogei che in quelli epigei; la diversità speciﬁ ca è in genere bassa: in questo studio, il numero di specie per sito varia da 1 (in 30 siti su 78 esaminati) a 8 (in un solo sito).

INTRODUCTION called Superfi cial Subterranean Habitat, the MSS of the French authors – see Giachino & Vailati 2010); Centipedes (Chilopoda) are a group of terrestrial ar- they occur from sea level up to 4000 m, colonizing thropods, mostly nocturnal, lucifugous, and chiefl y a wide variety of habitats from forest ecosystems to predators of small invertebrates; epigean (in leaf lit- open and semi-open habitats (see Lewis 1981; Minel- ter, under stones, fallen trunks and detached barks) or li & Iovane 1987; Zapparoli & Minelli 2005, 2007; edaphic (endogean), not rare in caves and in the sub- Minelli 2011). Approximately 3300 species are rec- terranean environment in general (including the so- ognized to date (Minelli 2006), near 490 of which

223 Marzio Zapparoli occur in Europe (Enghoff 2004) and about 160 in Lately, I had the occasion to study new material from Italy (Zapparoli & Minelli 2005, 2007). Generally, many localities of the island, mostly collected in en- they exhibit a wide geographic distribution although dogean habitats with techniques not usual for these species with a narrow or restricted, sometimes punc- myriapods (see Material and methods). The aim of tiform range are also known; centipede faunas show this paper is to report on this collection, giving an a moderate level of endemism (e.g., not more than update on the composition of the centipede fauna of 30% in the whole of Italy, Zapparoli & Minelli 2005, Sardinia and improving the knowledge of the micro- 2007; about 20% in Sardinia, Zapparoli 2009). Al- distribution and autoecology of the species. Some though the knowledge on taxonomy, geographic dis- preliminary remarks on the endogean centipede fau- tribution and habitat preferences of some species is na of the study area are also given. still incomplete, they are regarded as useful biogeographic (e.g., Vigna Taglianti et al. 1993, 1999; Edge- combe & Giribet 2003; Simaiakis & Mylonas 2008) MATERIAL AND METHODS and ecological indicators (e.g., Parisi et al. 2005; Tuf & Tufová 2008; Dunger & Voigtländer 2009). Most of the samples here presented were collected The centipede fauna of Sardinia has been the object from 1985 to 2010 in about 110 localities from 10 to of intense faunistic research in the last decades, and 1700 m above sea level by Italian entomologists Luca new and remarkable records have been published Fancello, Piero Leo (Cagliari, Italy) and Carlo Torti (e.g., Zapparoli 1997, 2001; Bonato et al. 2006). (Genoa, Italy). Samples by L. Fancello and P. Leo Recently, an annotated catalogue has been published, were collected in 1985–2006 with the soil washing where the information on the regional distribution, technique (cf. Fancello et al. 2009). Soil was extract- habitat preferences and taxonomic status of the 54 ed up to maximum depths of about 50 cm, and the species then known for the island are summarized superficial humus layer was removed when present. and updated (Zapparoli 2009). Moreover, at least The detritus obtained after the washing process was two undescribed species are currently under study placed in Berlese-type sorters, modified according to (Zapparoli 2009), confirming the high arthropod di- Pace (1996). Samples were collected all year round versity of the area and its great biogeographic interest except during the excessively arid summer months also for this group (see Mason et al. 2006; Cerretti et (June–September), both in woodland and Mediter- al. 2009). ranean maquis and garrigue habitats. This method In research directed to a biological inventory of a given is successfully adopted to collect endogean beetles, area, centipedes are usually sampled by direct hand but it has revealed itself effective also for centipedes. collection or by sifting of leaf litter and pitfall trapping Material by C. Torti was gathered in 2009–2010 by (see for instance Simaiakis et al. 2005; Sammler et al. means of sampling of a quantity of soil placed on a 2006), methods which give information especially on Berlese-type sorter (C. Torti, pers. comm.). Few other the epigean component of the fauna, i.e. those species samples directly collected by hand under stones by inhabiting the surface environment (cf. Giachino & other people in 2010 and 2011 are also included. Vailati 2010). These myriapods are also collected by Species are listed according to Zapparoli (2009). For soil extraction using Berlese-Tullgren funnels but, al- each species the following data are reported: though useful to collect smaller species otherwise dif- -- scientific name, Author and year of publication; ficult to obtain, this method needs time and it is rarely -- bibliographic reference to the Catalogue of centi- used except in the framework of quantitative studies pedes of Sardinia (Zapparoli 2009); (see for instance Wytwer 1990; Tuf 2000; Parisi et al. -- material examined, listed according to the present- 2005), to obtain information on the edaphic (endog- day administrative provinces (Cagliari prov., ean) component of the assemblages, i.e. the species in- Carbonia-Iglesias prov., Medio Campidano prov., habiting the portion of the soil comprised between the Nuoro prov., Ogliastra prov., Olbia-Tempio prov., lower humus layer and the maximum depth of plant Oristano prov., Sassari prov.); site, elevation above roots (cf. Balbiano D'Aramengo et al. 2004; Fancello sea level and vegetal formation and/or habitat when et al. 2009; Giachino & Vailati 2010). As a result, this known, date, collector/s and number of specimens component – often including elements specialized for (males, females, immatures not belonging to larval this habitat and with low dispersal power and, there- stadia, larvae, unsexed specimens); as a measure of fore, of high potential interest from a taxonomic and body size the approximate length of specimens, zoogeographic point of view – generally remains ne- measured from the anterior margin of the head glected in qualitative analyses. shield to the posterior end of the trunk, is given in

224 New records and remarks on the centipede fauna of endogean habitats of Sardinia (Chilopoda)

parentheses (but see Bonato & Minelli 2008: 255 9.XII.1986, PL, 1 ♂ (23 mm). for Geophilomorpha); number of leg-bearing segments is given for Geophilomorpha; localities are General distribution. Europe: France (mainland, listed alphabetically and spelled according to the Corsica), Italy (mainland, Sicily, Sardinia), Mal- Road Atlas of the Touring Club Italiano (1999); ta, Spain; North Africa: Algeria (north), Morocco -- general geographic distribution, mainly as a list of (north-east), Tunisia (north). the countries or geopolitical units from where the Italian distribution. Western Alps (Cotian Alps, species is known, according to Zapparoli (2009); Ligurian Alps); Apennines, from the Ligurian Apen- -- chorotype according to Zapparoli (2009), based nine to Aspromonte; Sicily (including Aeolian Isl., on the classification proposed by Vigna Taglianti Ustica Is., Egadi Isl., Pantelleria Is.), Sardinia and sat- et al. (1993, 1999); ellite islands; Tuscan Archipelago (Capraia Is.), Pon- -- Italian distribution, mostly according to Zapparo- tine Isl. (Santo Stefano Is.), Ischia Is. li & Minelli (2007), but other papers are quoted Chorotype. W-Mediterranean. where significant; Ecological notes. Thermophilous species recorded -- ecological notes, i.e. the habitat from where the in a wide range of habitats, both seminatural (Quer- species have been collected in Sardinia according cus ilex woods, garrigue) and man-made (Pinus plan- to Zapparoli (2009), including the number of tations, Eucalyptus plantations, orchards); seldom in records from the endogean habitat (collected by endogean habitat samples (one record in Zapparoli soil washing and Berlese extraction), and altitu- 2009); sometimes in caves (trogloxene); from sea dinal range; level to 1800 m. -- remarks where relevant. Remarks. Subgeneric assignment according to Jeekel All the specimens examined are in the collection of (1967) but see Stoev et al. (2010). the Author. Lithobius Leach, 1814 Lithobius (Lithobius) Leach, 1814 ABBREVIATIONS 2. Lithobius (Lithobius) castaneus Newport, 1844 Collectors. CT = C. Torti; GD = G. De Dato; GGu = G. Gui- dolotti; GN = G. Nardi; LF = L. Fancello; LS = L. Spada; PL = P. Lithobius (Lithobius) castaneus Newport, 1844: Zapparoli 2009: Leo; RAJ = R. Abou Jaoudé. 67. Other abbreviations used in faunistic list. ex/exx = specimen/specimens; imm. = immature/immatures; Is./Isl. = Island/ Material examined. Medio Campidano prov.: Villacidro, San Islands; lp = number of leg-bearing segments; prov. = prov- Sisinnio, 250 m, [in argilloschist Palaeozoic soil: Fancello et al. ince; S.S. (followed by number) = State Road; S.P. (followed by 2009], 8.V.1986, PL, 1 ♀ (19 mm); ibidem, 250 m, 2.I.1987, number) = Provincial Road. PL, 1 ♂ imm. (7 mm).

General distribution. Europe: Austria (south), Bos- FAUNISTIC LIST nia-Herzegovina, Croatia, France (mainland, Cor- sica), Italy (mainland, Sicily, Sardinia), Malta, Por- LITHOBIOMORPHA Pocock, 1895 tugal (mainland), Serbia, Slovenia, Spain (mainland); records from Bulgaria require confirmation; North LITHOBIIDAE Newport, 1844 Africa: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia; Central America: Guatemala (introduced, established?). Eupolybothrus Verhoeff, 1907 Italian distribution. Northern Italy except Aosta Eupolybothrus (Allopolybothrus) Verhoeff, 1907 Valley and adjacent areas (Pennine Alps, Lepontine Alps) and Po Plain; from Emila-Romagna to Calabria, 1. Eupolybothrus (Allopolybothrus) nudicornis (Ger- no records from the Adriatic side; Sicily (including vais, 1837) Aeolian Isl., Ustica Is., Egadi Isl., Pantelleria Is.), Sardinia and satellite islands; Tuscan Archipelago Eupolybothrus (Allopolybothrus) nudicornis (Gervais, 1837): (Elba Is., Montecristo Is.), Ischia Is. Zapparoli 2009: 63. Chorotype. S-European. Ecological notes. Woodland species commonly Material examined. Cagliari prov.: Dolianova, 500 m, inhabiting oakwoods (especially Quercus ilex), rare-

225 Marzio Zapparoli

ly other woodlands; sparse records are known from Material examined. Cagliari prov.: Domus de Maria, Sant'Andrea, shrub and open Mediterranean habitats (under Pi- 50 m, 29.XII.1991, PL, 2 ♀♀ (10 mm); Teulada, 150 m, 3.III.1991, stacia lentiscus, Erica arborea and Arbutus unedo, gar- PL, 1 ♀ (9 mm). Carbonia-Iglesias prov.: Domusnovas, Sa Du- rigue, maquis) as well as from montane formations chessa, 350 m, 18.XII.1991, PL, 2 ♀♀ (10 mm, 11 mm). (shrubs dominated by Juniperus sp. or Alnus sp.); rarely in man-made habitats (settlements, orchards); General distribution. Italy (Sardinia). seldom in endogean habitat samples (four records Italian distribution. Only in southern Sardinia in Zapparoli 2009); sometimes in caves (subtroglo- (Iglesiente, Sarrabus). philic); from sea level to 1800 m. Chorotype. Sardinian endemic, W-Mediterranean affinities (?). 3. Lithobius (Lithobius) lapidicola Meinert, 1872 Ecological notes. The habitat preferences of this species are virtually unknown (see also Zapparoli 2009): Lithobius (Lithobius) lapidicola Meinert, 1872: Zapparoli 2009: the approximately ten records hitherto published were 73. from sites at low elevation, and near half of them are from endogean habitat samples (see also Zapparoli Material examined. Cagliari prov.: Villasimius, 25 m, 2009); never recorded in caves; from 50 to 350 m. 4.I.1993, PL, 1 ♀ (9 mm). Ogliastra prov.: Baunei, forest area of Monte Lopene, 710 m, Pinus pinaster wood, 21.V.2010, CT, 5. Lithobius (Lithobius) pilicornis Newport, 1844 1 ♂ (8 mm); Jerzu, Sant'Antonio, 700 m, Quercus ilex wood, 18.III.2009, CT, 1 ♂ (8 mm); Lanusei, near S.S. 198, before Lithobius (Lithobius) pilicornis Newport, 1844: Zapparoli 2009: Bivio del Carmine, 730 m, Quercus ilex wood, 12.III.2010, CT, 85. 2 ♂♂ imm. (6 mm, 7 mm); Villagrande Strisaili, Bosco di Santa Barbara, Quercus ilex wood, 27.VII.2009, CT, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♂ imm., Material examined. Nuoro prov.: Fonni, Monte Spada, road 1 ♀ imm. (7 mm, 9 mm). Sassari prov.: Foresta Burgos [Bono side, UTM 32T 524151 4436075, 1281 m, direct sampling, Burgos], Sos Nibberos, 970 m, in moss, 18.V.2010, CT, 2 imm. [under stones], 14.IX.2009, GN LS, 1 ♀. (5 mm), 1 larva (2 mm). General distribution. Europe: France (mainland, General distribution. Europe: Albania, Austria, Corsica), Great Britain (including Channel Isl.), Italy Bosnia-Herzegovina, Czech Republic, Denmark (northern regions, Sardinia), Portugal (mainland, (mainland), France (mainland, Corsica), Germany, Azores Isl., Madeira Is.), Spain (mainland, Canary Great Britain, Greece (mainland, Ionic Isl.), Hungary, Isl.), The Netherlands; North Africa: Morocco. Intro- Ireland, Italy (mainland, Sicily, Sardinia), Montene- duced in Ireland, Nicobare Isl. (India) and Sao Tomé gro, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Is. (Gulf of Guinea). Spain (mainland, Canary Isl.), Sweden, Switzerland, Italian distribution. In central and western Alps, The Netherlands, Ukraine. from Adige valley to Ligurian Alps; in Ligurian Apen- Italian distribution. All mainland regions except nine, from Cadibona pass to Monte Penna; in Sar- Aosta Valley, probably for lack of research; Sicily (in- dinia, only in the Gennargentu massif and adjacent cluding Pantelleria Is., Linosa Is.), Sardinia and satel- areas. lite islands; Tuscan Archipelago (Elba Is., Pianosa Is., Chorotype. W-European. Montecristo Is.), Ischia Is. Ecological notes. Woodland species, recorded Chorotype. Centraleuropean. from Quercus ilex woods, riparian habitats (under Ecological notes. A common euryoecious species Alnus sp. and Nerium oleander) and montane forma- recorded in both seminatural (Quercus ilex woods, Q. tions (Alnus sp. shrubs); also in caves (trogloxene); suber woods, garrigue, Alnus sp. montane shrubs) and from 800 to 1600 m. No record from endogean ha- man-made (Pinus plantations, orchards) habitats; bitat samples. seldom in endogean habitat samples (four records in Zapparoli 2009); sometimes in caves (trogloxene); 6. Lithobius (Lithobius) turritanus Fanzago, 1881 from sea level to 1800 m. Lithobius (Lithobius) turritanus Fanzago, 1881: Zapparoli 2009: 4. Lithobius (Lithobius) sardous Silvestri, 1898 95.

Lithobius (Lithobius) sardous Silvestri, 1898: Zapparoli 2009: 86, Material examined. Carbonia-Iglesias prov.: Carbonia, Barbu- figs 12–14. si, 180 m, 11.XI.1986, PL, 1 ♀ (13 mm), 1 imm. (8 mm). Me-

226 New records and remarks on the centipede fauna of endogean habitats of Sardinia (Chilopoda)

dio Campidano prov.: Villacidro, [Rio] Bidda Scema, 330 m, Lithobius (Sigibius) microps Meinert, 1868: Zapparoli 2009: 103. [granitic Paleozoic soil: Fancello et al. 2009], 20.IX.1986, PL, 1 ♀ (10 mm). Ogliastra prov.: Villagrande Strisaili, Bosco di Santa Material examined. Cagliari prov.: Capoterra, Gutturu Mannu, Barbara, Quercus ilex wood, 27.VII.2009, CT, 1 ♀ (11 mm) with 110 m, 20.XI.2008, PL, 1 ♂ (4 mm); Domus de Maria, Punta 2+2 gonopodal spurs; Villagrande Strisaili, Bosco di Santa Barba- Spinosa, 550 m, 3.I.1992, PL, 1 ♀ (4 mm), 1 larva (2 mm); ra, 898 m, Quercus ilex wood, in a Q. ilex hollow, 27.VII.2009, Domus de Maria, Sant'Andrea, 50 m, 29.XII.1991, PL, 8 ♂♂, CT, 1 ♂ (12 mm). Sassari prov.: Porto Conte, low maquis, un- 2 ♀♀ (4–6 mm); Pula, Pixina Manna, 450 m, 15.II.1992, PL, 1 der stones, direct sampling, 5.III.2011, RAJ, 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀. ♀ (5 mm); Quartu Sant'Elena, Cala Regina, 15 m, 28.III.1990, PL, 1 ♂ (6 mm); Sarroch, Nuraghe s'Orcu, 50 m, 6.V.1991, PL, General distribution. Italy (Sardinia). 1 ♀ (6 mm); Serri, 550 m, 27.X.1992, PL, 1 ♀ (6 mm); Sinnai, Italian distribution. Only in Sardinia (all provinces). Monte dei Sette Fratelli, 560 m, 6.II.1990, PL, 1 ♂ (5 mm); Chorotype. Sardinian endemic, W-Mediterranean ibidem, 560 m, 8.III.1991, PL, 1 ♂ (5 mm); Teulada, 3.III.1991, affinities (?). PL, 1 ♂ (6 mm). Carbonia-Iglesias prov.: Carbonia, Barbusi, Ecological notes. A very common, thermophil- 180 m, 11.XI.1986, PL, 1 ♂ (6 mm); Carbonia, Monte Sirai, ous species regularly recorded in oakwoods (Quercus 130 m, 22.XII.1990, PL, 2 ♂♂ imm. (5 mm); Domusnovas, Sa ilex); sparse records are known from a wide range of Duchessa, 350 m, 12.I.1990, PL, 1 ♂ (5 mm); ibidem, 350 m, open and shrub Mediterranean habitats (maquis, gar- 18.XII.1991, PL, 1 ♀ imm. (5 mm); Iglesias, Nebida, 120 m, rigues, meadows), riparian habitats, montane forma- 25.I.1986, PL, 3 ♂♂ (5 mm). Medio Campidano prov.: Vil- tions as well as from man-made habitats (pinewoods, lacidro, San Sisinnio, 250 m, 7.V.1991, PL, 1 ♂ imm. (4 mm). orchards, Eucalyptus plantations); rarely in endogean habitat samples (six records in Zapparoli 2009); some- General distribution. Europe: Albania, Belgium, times in caves (trogloxene); from sea level to 1300 m. Bulgaria, Denmark (mainland), Finland, France (mainland), Germany, Great Britain, Greece (main- Lithobius (Sigibius) Chamberlin, 1913 land, insular), Ireland, Italy (mainland, Sicily, Sar- dinia), Republic of Macedonia, Norway, Poland, 7. Lithobius (Sigibius) micropodus Matic, 1980 Portugal (mainland), Romania, Spain (mainland, Balearic Isl.), Sweden, Switzerland, The Nether- Lithobius (Sigibius) micropodus Matic, 1980: Zapparoli 2009: lands, Ukraine, ex-Yugoslavia [Bosnia-Herzegovina, 101. Croatia, Serbia]; Scandinavian and north European populations are mainly synanthropic; West Asia: Tur- Material examined. Cagliari prov.: Isili, 400 m, 7.I.1993, PL, key; North America (introduced): Canada, U.S.A. 1 ♀ (6 mm). Italian distribution. North-eastern (Venetia) and north-western (SW Lombardy, S Piedmont) regions; General distribution. Europe: Albania, France (?), Apennines, from the Ligurian Apennine to the Pol- Greece (mainland, insular including Crete), Italy lino Massif, no records from south-eastern regions; (mainland, Sicily, Sardinia), Montenegro (?), Ro- Sicily (including Aeolian Isl.), Sardinia and satellite mania, the Russian Plain, Slovenia, ex-Yugoslavia islands; Tuscan Archipelago (Elba Is., Montecristo Is., [Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia]; West Asia: Giannutri Is.), Pontine Isl. (Zannone Is.), Ischia Is., Turkey. Tremiti Isl. (San Nicola Is.). Italian distribution. Northern regions except Aosta Chorotype. European. Valley, all peninsular regions except south-eastern Ecological notes. Mostly in Quercus ilex woods but ones (Molise, Apulia, Basilicata); north-eastern also in open and shrub Mediterranean habitats (under Sicily (one record), Sardinia; Tuscan Archipelago Pistacia lentiscus, under Cistus sp.) as well as in other (Giannutri Is.). semi-natural habitats (e.g., riparian habitats); very rare Chorotype. S-European. in man-made habitats (orchards); often in endogean Ecological notes. Mostly in Quercus ilex woods, habitat samples (four records in Zapparoli 2009); no also recorded from riparian habitats, garrigues and records from caves; from sea level to 1300 m. maquis; rarely in endogean habitat samples (no records in Zapparoli 2009); sometimes in caves Lithobius (Monotarsobius) Verhoeff, 1905 (trogloxene); from about 100 to 1300 m above sea level. 9. Lithobius (Monotarsobius) crassipes L. Koch, 1862

8. Lithobius (Sigibius) microps Meinert, 1868 Lithobius (Monotarsobius) crassipes L. Koch, 1862: Zapparoli

227 Marzio Zapparoli

2009: 104. Remarks. Records here reported are based on immature specimens (mostly larvae) all collected with the Material examined. Olbia-Tempio prov.: Golfo Aranci, Capo soil-washing technique (see Material and methods), Figari, 20 m, 19.I.1994, PL, 1 ♂ (10 mm). belonging to at least two different species.

General distribution. Europe: Albania, Austria, Bel- gium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech SCOLOPENDROMORPHA Pocock, 1895 Republic, Denmark (mainland), Finland, France (mainland), Germany, Great Britain, Greece (main- CRYPTOPIDAE Kohlrausch, 1881 land, Dodecanese Isl., Crete), Hungary, Iceland, Ire- land, Italy (mainland, Sicily, Sardinia), Liechtenstein, Cryptops Leach, 1815 Luxembourg, Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Mon- Cryptops (Cryptops) Leach, 1815 tenegro, Northern Ireland (?), Norway (mainland), Poland, Portugal (Madeira Is.), Romania, Russia 10. Cryptops (Cryptops) punicus Silvestri, 1896 (Central European territories, Siberia), Serbia, Slo- vakia, Slovenia, Spain (mainland, Canary Isl.), Swe- Cryptops (Cryptops) punicus Silvestri, 1896: Zapparoli 2009: den, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Ukraine; North 108. Africa: Algeria; Tunisia; West Asia: Caucasus, Jordan, Israel, Syria, Turkey; North America: USA, probably Material examined. Carbonia-Iglesias prov.: Sant'Antioco Is., introduced. Cala Sapone, 10 m, 12.II.1987, PL, 3 imm. (11 mm, 15 mm, Italian distribution. Few records from the east- 19 mm). ern and central Alps (Venetia, Trentino-Alto Adige, Lombardy); in peninsular regions it has been re- General distribution. Europe: Italy (Montecristo corded only in the southern Apennines (Calabria); Is., Sardinia, Sicily and circum-Sicilian islands); widespread in Sicily (including Aeolian Isl., Ustica North Africa: Algeria, Tunisia, Libya. Is., Egadi Isl., Pantelleria Is., Linosa Is., Lampedusa Italian distribution. Sicily (including Ustica Is., Is.), Sardinia and satellite islands; Pontine Isl. (Ponza Pantelleria Is., Lampedusa Is.), Sardinia and satellite Is.), Ischia Is. islands; Tuscan Archipelago (Montecristo Is.). Chorotype. Sibero-European. Chorotype. W-Mediterranean. Ecological notes. The habitat preferences of this Ecological notes. Few records from Mediterranean species are poorly known: few records from semi- habitats (under Pistacia lentiscus, garrigues); rarely in natural Quercus ilex woods and Eucalyptus planta- endogean habitat samples (three records in Zapparoli tions have been hitherto published; this is the only 2009); occasionally in caves (trogloxene); from sea record from endogean habitat samples; rarely in caves level to 1400 m. (trogloxene); elevation range unknown but mostly from low-middle elevation sites (one record at 20 m 11. Cryptops (Cryptops) trisulcatus Brölemann, 1902 above s.l.). Cryptops (Cryptops) trisulcatus Brölemann, 1902: Zapparoli 2009: Lithobius s.l. spp. 109.

Material examined. Cagliari prov.: Quartu Sant'Elena, Cala Re- Material examined. Cagliari prov.: Capoterra, Gutturu Mannu, gina, 15 m, 28.III.1990, PL, 1 larva 12 lp (4 mm); San Nicolò 110 m, 20.XI.2008, PL, 1 ex (16 mm); Serri, 550 m, 27.X.1992, Gerrei, 600 m, 1.III.1996, PL, 1 larva 12 lp (4 mm); Sarroch, PL, 4 imm. (9–10 mm); Sinnai, Maidopis, 500 m, 17.V.1991, Nuraghe s'Orcu, 50 m, 25.II.1991, PL, 1 ♀ imm. (5 mm); PL, 1 imm. (6 mm). Carbonia-Iglesias prov.: Iglesias, Monte- Sinnai, Punta Serpeddì, 900 m, 28.III.1993, PL, 1 larva 12 lp cani, 400 m, 25.I.1986, PL, 1 imm. (12 mm). Medio Campi- (6 mm). Carbonia-Iglesias prov.: Carbonia, Barbusi, 180 m, dano prov.: Siddi, Pranu Siddi, 340 m, 2.XII.1989, PL, 2 imm. 1.XII.1991, PL, 1 larva 10 lp (2 mm), 2 larvae 12 lp (4 mm). (7 mm); Villacidro, Foresta di Montimannu, 280 m, 8.V.1986, Medio Campidano prov.: Tuili, Sa Giara, 580 m, 26.XII.1990, PL, 1 ex (15 mm); Villacidro, San Sisinnio, 250 m, 2.I.1987, PL, PL, 1 larva 10 lp (4 mm); Villacidro, 260 m, 1.III.1992, PL, 1 1 imm. (10 mm). Ogliastra prov.: Elini, Bosco del Carmine, 800 larva 12 lp (5 mm); Villacidro, San Sisinnio, 250 m, 2.I.1987, m, Quercus ilex wood, 18.III.2009, CT, 1 imm. (9 mm). Olbia- PL, 1 ♂ imm. Nuoro prov.: Tonara, 820 m, 27.X.1992, PL, 1 Tempio prov.: Golfo Aranci, Capo Figari, 20 m, 19.I.1994, larva 8 lp (3 mm). Sassari prov.: Bono, Monte Rasu, 900 m, PL, 1 imm. (11 mm). Sassari prov.: Porto Conte, low maquis, XII.1989, PL, 1 larva 12 lp (2 mm). XI.2010, direct sampling, GD GGu, 1 imm. (8 mm).

228 New records and remarks on the centipede fauna of endogean habitats of Sardinia (Chilopoda)

General distribution. Europe: France (mainland, Isl.); North Africa: Algeria, Morocco. Corsica), Greece (Ionian Isl., Southern Sporades, Italian distribution. Western Liguria (one record), Crete), Italy (mainland, Sicily, Sardinia), Maltese coastal and subcoastal areas of the southern peninsular Archipelago, Portugal (mainland), Romania, Spain Tyrrhenian side and southern-eastern regions; Sicily (mainland, Balearic Isl., Canary Isl.); North Africa: (including Aeolian Isl., Ustica Is., Egadi Isl.), Sardinia Algeria, Tunisia; West Asia: Turkey (south-east). and satellite islands; Tuscan Archipelago (Gorgona Italian distribution. From the Ligurian Apennine Is., Capraia Is., Elba Is., Pianosa Is., Montecristo Is., to the southern Apennines; no records from the Giglio Is., Giannutri Is.), Pontine Isl. (Zannone Is., south-eastern regions; Sicily (including Aeolian Isl., Ponza Is., Ventotene Is., Santo Stefano Is.), Ischia Is., Ustica Is., Egadi Isl., Pantelleria Is.), Sardinia and Capri Is., Tremiti Isl. (Pianosa Is., San Domino Is.). satellite islands; Tuscan Archipelago (Gorgona Is., Chorotype. W-Mediterranean. Capraia Is., Elba Is., Montecristo Is., Giannutri Is.), Ecological notes. Mostly in open Mediterranean Pontine Isl. (Zannone Is., Palmarola Is., Ponza Is.), habitats, in garrigues and other open habitats, also Ischia Is., Capri Is., Tremiti Isl. (Pianosa Is.). on beaches; rarely in Quercus spp. seminatural woods Chorotype. Mediterranean. as well as in Eucalyptus plantations and in orchards; Ecological notes. Thermophilous species, mostly rarely in endogean habitat samples (three records in in open Mediterranean habitats (maquis, garrigues) Zapparoli 2009); exceptionally in caves (trogloxene); as well as in oakwoods (Quercus ilex, Q. pubescens, from sea level to 1400 m. Q. suber), rarely in other habitats (riparian habitats with Alnus sp.); frequent in endogean habitat samples (five records in Zapparoli 2009); occasionally in GEOPHILOMORPHA Pocock, 1895 caves (trogloxene); from sea level to 1300 m. HIMANTARIIDAE Cook, 1895

SCOLOPENDRIDAE Newport, 1844 Himantarium C.L. Koch, 1847

Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 13. Himantarium gabrielis (Linnaeus, 1767)

12. Scolopendra oraniensis Lucas, 1846 Himantarium gabrielis (Linnaeus, 1767): Zapparoli 2009: 116.

Scolopendra oraniensis Lucas, 1846: Zapparoli 2009: 113. Material examined. Cagliari prov.: Silius, 510 m, 6.XI.1986, PL, 1 ♀ 119 lp (45 mm). Ogliastra prov.: Elini, roadside of S.S. Material examined. Carbonia-Iglesias prov.: Domusnovas, Sa 198, Bivio del Carmine, 850 m, Quercus ilex wood, 12.III.2010, Duchessa, 350 m, 18.XII.1991, PL, 1 imm. (30 mm). Nuo- CT, 1 ♀ 127 lp (80 mm); Lanusei, near S.S. 198, before Bivio ro prov.: Dorgali, Tomba dei Giganti, S'Ena e Thomes, UTM del Carmine, 730 m, Quercus ilex wood, 12.III.2010, CT, 1 ♂ 32T 543737 4469957, 109 m, [direct sampling], under stones, 121 lp (50 mm). 13.IX.2009, GN LS, 1 imm. Oristano prov.: Genoni, Giara di Genoni, UTM 32S 494168 4403197, 538 m, direct sampling, General distribution. Europe: Albania, Bosnia- [under stones], 15.IX.2009, GN LS, 2 imm. Sassari prov.: Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, France (mainland, Alghero, Parco Regionale Porto Conte, Cala della Barca, UTM Corsica), Greece (mainland, insular excluding 32T 428067 4495322, 25 m, [direct sampling], under stones, Crete), Italy (mainland, Sicily, Sardinia), Republic 22.IX.2009, GN LS, 1 imm.; Alghero, Parco Regionale Porto of Macedonia, Montenegro, Portugal (?), Romania Conte, Monte Timidone, east side, UTM 32T 430712 4496369, (southern), Slovenia, Central Europe (?); West Asia: 122 m, direct sampling, [under stones], 21.IX.2009, GN LS, 1 Turkey (western); North Africa: Algeria, Morocco, imm.; Alghero, Parco Regionale Porto Conte, Monte Timidone, Tunisia; Austral Africa: Madagascar (?), introduced. Punta del Castello, UTM 32T 430265 4496305, 272 m, [di- Italian distribution. In all mainland regions, but no rect sampling], under stones, 21.IX.2009, GN LS, 2 imm.; Porto records from the western and eastern Alps; Sicily (in- Conte, low maquis, under stones, direct sampling, 5.III.2011, cluding Aeolian Isl., Egadi Isl., Pantelleria Is., Linosa RAJ, 3 exx. Is., Lampedusa Is.), Sardinia and satellite islands; Tuscan Archipelago (Capraia Is., Elba Is., Pianosa Is., General distribution. Europe: France (Corsica), Montecristo Is., Giglio Is.), Pontine Isl. (Palmarola Italy (mainland, Sicily, Sardinia), Maltese Archipel- Is., Ponza Is., Ventotene Is.), Ischia Is., Capri Is., Ter- ago, Portugal (mainland), Spain (mainland, Balearic miti Isl. (San Domino Is., Pianosa Is.).

229 Marzio Zapparoli

Chorotype. Mediterranean. Fonni, Monte Spada, UTM 32T 525284 4436237, 1269 m, pa- Ecological notes. In Quercus spp. woods, but also stures with ferns, direct sampling, under stones, 14.IX.2009, GN under Erica arborea and Arbutus unedo shrubs and in LS, 1 ♂ 95 lp (55 mm); Nuoro, Monte Ortobene, 443 m, Pinus Eucalyptus plantations; seldom in endogean habitat pinea wood, 18.V.2010, CT, 1 ♂ 97 lp (21 mm). Ogliastra prov.: samples (ten records in Zapparoli 2009); sometimes Baunei, calcareous plateau of Golgo, near church of San Pietro, in caves (trogloxene); from sea level to 1200 m. 485 m, Quercus ilex wood, 21.V.2010, CT, 1 ♀ 89 lp (26 mm); Cardedu, Perda e' Pera, 25 m, pasture, 22.V.2010, CT, 1 ♀ 93 Haplophilus Cook, 1896 lp (42 mm); Gairo, 850 m, 15.III.1992, LF, 1 ♀ 89 lp (37 mm); Jerzu, Sant'Antonio, 700 m, Quercus ilex wood, 18.III.2009, CT, 14. Haplophilus sardous Verhoeff, 1901 1 ♂ 91 lp (35 mm); Lanusei, Bosco di Selene, Quercus ilex wood, 27.VII.2009, CT, 1 ♂ 89 lp (29 mm); Perdasdefogu, 470 m, Stigmatogaster sardoa (Verhoeff, 1901): Zapparoli 2009: 121. 2.III.1990, PL, 1 ♀ 105 lp (22 mm). Sassari prov.: Bono, Monte Rasu, 900 m, XII.1989, PL, 1 ♂ 93 lp (33 mm); Chiaramonti, Material examined. Cagliari prov.: Dolianova, 500 m, 350 m, 30.XII.1994, PL, 1 ♂ 103 lp (26 mm). 9.XII.1986, PL, 1 ♂ 119 lp (44 mm); Esterzili, Monte Santa Vittoria, 750 m, 25.I.1989, PL, 1 ♀ 105 lp (28 mm). Nuoro General distribution. Europe: Albania, Croatia, prov.: Macomer, 620 m, 20.III.1987, PL, 1 ♀ 115 lp (36 mm). France (mainland, Corsica), Greece (mainland, insular excluding Crete), Italy (mainland, Sicily, Sardin- General distribution. Italy (Sardinia). ia), Montenegro, Spain (Balearic Isl.); North Africa: Italian distribution. Only in Sardinia (almost all Algeria, Tunisia. provinces, no records from Olbia-Tempio and Ori- Italian distribution. In all of mainland Italy, but stano provinces). no records from the north-western and north-eastern Chorotype. Sardinian endemic, (W-) Mediterranean Alps and from the south-eastern regions; Sicily (in- affinities. cluding Aeolian Isl., Egadi Isl.), Sardinia and satel- Ecological notes. The habitat preferences of this lite islands; Tuscan Archipelago (Capraia Is., Elba Is., species are unknown (see also Zapparoli 2009): epi- Pianosa Is., Montecristo Is., Giglio Is., Giannutri Is.), gean but also in caves (trogloxene); frequent in en- Pontine Isl. (Zannone Is., Palmarola Is., Ponza Is.), dogean habitat samples (six records in Zapparoli Ischia Is., Capri Is., Tremiti Isl. (Pianosa Is.). 2009); elevation range from 130 to 750 m. Chorotype. Mediterranean. Remarks. Generic assignment according to Minelli Ecological notes. A common thermophilous spe- (2006) and Minelli & Bonato (in press). cies, mostly recorded in Quercus spp. woods, mostly Q. ilex; a number of records also from open and shrubby Stigmatogaster Latzel, 1880 Mediterranean habitats; also in man made habitats (Pinus plantations); very frequent in endogean habi- 15. Stigmatogaster gracilis (Meinert, 1870) tat samples (thirty-five records in Zapparoli 2009); no records from caves; from sea level to 1281 m. Stigmatogaster gracilis (Meinert, 1870): Zapparoli 2009: 118.

Material examined. Cagliari prov.: Armungia, 300 m, DIGNATHODONTIDAE Cook, 1895 16.X.1992, PL, 1 ♂ 91 lp (24 mm); Cagliari, Tuvixeddu, 80 m, XI.1986, PL, 1 ♀ 115 lp (32 mm); Serri, 550 m, 27.X.1992, PL, Dignathodon Meinert, 1870 1 ♂ 91 lp (39 mm), 1 ♀ 93 lp (20 mm). Carbonia-Iglesias prov.: Carbonia, Barbusi, 180 m, 11.XI.1986, PL, 1 ♀ 95 lp (29 mm); 16. Dignathodon microcephalus (Lucas, 1846) Sant'Antioco Is., Cala Sapone, 10 m, 12.II.1987, PL, 1 ♂ 93 lp (40 mm), 3 ♀♀ 97 lp (2 exx 47 mm, 1 ex 25 mm). Medio Cam- Dignathodon microcephalus (Lucas, 1846): Zapparoli 2009: 123. pidano prov.: Siddi, Pranu Siddi, 340 m, 2.XII.1989, PL, 1 ♀ 97 lp (55 mm), 1 ♂ 91 lp (20 mm); Villacidro, Foresta di Mon- Material examined. Carbonia-Iglesias prov.: Sant'Antioco Is., timannu, 8.V.1986, PL, 1 ♀ 103 lp (56 mm), 4 ♂♂ 85, 89 (2 Cala Sapone, 10 m, 12.II.1987, PL, 1 ♂ 73 lp (36 mm). exx), 91 lp (20, 25, 28, 30 mm); ibidem, 280 m, 8.XI.1986, PL, 1 ♂ 89 lp (30 mm). Nuoro prov.: Bolotana, Badde Salighes, 850 General distribution. Europe: Albania, Austria, m, 5.I.1991, PL, 2 ♂♂ 97 lp (23 mm, 24 mm); Fonni, Monte Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Re- Spada, road side, UTM 32T 524151 4436075, direct sampling, public, France (mainland, Corsica), Greece (main- [under stones], 1281 m, 14.IX.2009, GN LS, 1 ♂ 97 lp (41 mm); land, insular including Crete), Italy (mainland, Sicily,

230 New records and remarks on the centipede fauna of endogean habitats of Sardinia (Chilopoda)

Sardinia), Luxembourg (introduced?), Montenegro, Ecological notes. Few records from Quercus ilex Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain (main- woods and Pistacia lentiscus shrubs; often in endog- land, Balearic Isl.), Ukraine (Crimea); North Africa: ean habitat samples (one record in Zapparoli 2009); Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia; West Asia: Jordan, Israel, no records from caves; from sea level to 730 m. Syria, Turkey. Italian distribution. Southern slopes of eastern pre- Henia (Chaetechelyne) Meinert, 1870 alpine ranges; Ligurian Apennine, peninsular regions from the Tuscan-Emilian to central Apennines, few 18. Henia (Chaetechelyne) vesuviana (Newport, 1845) records from the southernmost mainland regions (Volturno plain, Gargano, Salento); Sicily (including Henia (Chaetechelyne) vesuviana (Newport, 1845): Zapparoli Aeolian Isl., Egadi Isl.), Sardinia and satellite islands; 2009: 126. Tuscan Archipelago (Capraia Is., Elba Is., Pianosa Is.), Ischia Is. Material examined. Cagliari prov.: Isili, 400 m, 7.I.1993, PL, Chorotype. Mediterranean. 1 ♀ imm. 67 lp (13 mm). Carbonia-Iglesias prov.: Carbonia, Ecological notes. Thermophilous species, few Barbusi, 180 m, 11.XI.1986, PL, 1 ♂ 59 lp (22 mm); Flumi- records from Quercus ilex woods and under Pista- nimaggiore, 250 m, 26.X.1991, PL, 1 ♂ 73 lp (17 mm); Igle- cia lentiscus; often in endogean habitat samples (ten sias, Montecani, 400 m, 25.I.1986, PL, 1 ♂ 73 lp (10 mm); records in Zapparoli 2009); no records from caves; Sant'Antioco Is., Rio Triga, 100 m, 4.II.1990, PL, 1 ♂ imm. 59 from sea level to 400 m. lp (17 mm). Medio Campidano prov.: Arbus, Passo Bidderti, 450 m, 26.X.1991, PL, 3 ♂♂ imm. 73, 73, 75 lp (16–18 mm). Henia C.L. Koch, 1847 Nuoro prov.: Nuoro, Monte Ortobene, 720 m, Pinus sp. and Henia (Meinertia) Bollman, 1893 Quercus ilex wood, 18.V.2010, CT, 1 imm. (fragment); Oniferi, 260 m, 7.XII.1994, PL, 1 ♂ imm. 65 lp (15 mm); ibidem, 260 17. Henia (Meinertia) bicarinata (Meinert, 1870) m, 7.XII.1994, PL, 2 ♂♂ imm. 61 lp (15 mm); Tonara, 820 m, 27.X.1992, PL, 1 ♀ imm. 65 lp (13 mm). Ogliastra prov.: Bau- Henia (Meinertia) bicarinata (Meinert, 1870): Zapparoli 2009: nei, forest area of Monte Lopene, 710 m, Pinus pinaster wood, 124. 21.V.2010, CT, 1 ♂ imm. 67 lp (26 mm), 2 ♀♀ imm. 63, 73 lp (13, 15 mm); Elini, roadside of S.S. 198, Bivio del Carmine, 850 Material examined. Cagliari prov.: Cagliari, Tuvixeddu, 80 m, Quercus ilex wood, 12.III.2010, CT, 1 ♀ imm. 69 lp (11 mm); m, XI.1986, PL, 1 ♀ 63 lp (28 mm). Carbonia-Iglesias prov.: Elini, Bosco del Carmine, 800 m, Quercus ilex wood, 18.III.2009, Sant'Antioco Is., Cala Sapone, 10 m, 12.II.1987, PL, 1 ♂ 65 CT, 1 ♀ imm. 65 lp (14 mm); Gairo, 850 m, 14.II.1992, PL, lp (20 mm); ibidem, 12.II.1987, PL, 1 ♀ 69 lp (34 mm). Me- 1 ♀ imm. 67 lp (7 mm); ibidem, 850 m, 15.III.1992, LF, 1 ♂ dio Campidano prov.: Siddi, Pranu Siddi, 340 m, 2.XII.1989, 65 lp (20 mm), 1 ♀ 69 lp (23 mm); Jerzu, Genna su Ludu, 840 PL, 1 ♂ imm. 59 lp (15 mm). Oristano prov.: Ardauli, 250 m, 7.III.1989, PL, 1 ♀ 67 lp (27 mm); Osini, in the valley of m, 15.XII.1990, PL, 2 ♂♂ imm. 55, 57 lp (15 mm, 16 mm); nuraghi, after Scala di San Giorgio, 810 m, Quercus ilex wood, Bauladu, 140 m, 1.III.1989, PL, 1 ♂ imm. 57 lp (17 mm). Sas- 15.III.2010, CT, 2 ♂♂ imm. 63, 67 lp, 1 ♀ imm. 71 lp (13–18 sari prov.: Burgos, Foresta Burgos, 730 m, XII.1989, PL, 1 ♂ mm). Oristano prov.: Asuni, 200 m, 27.XII.1990, PL, 1 ♀ imm. imm. 57 lp, 1 ♀ imm. 59 lp (15 mm, 17 mm). 65 lp (9 mm); Bauladu, 140 m, 1.III.1989, PL, 2 ♂♂ 71 lp, 1 ♀ 73 lp (15–18 mm). Sassari prov.: Burgos, Foresta Burgos, 730 m, General distribution. Europe: Bosnia-Herzegovi- XII.1989, PL, 1 ♂ 63 lp (25 mm); Foresta Burgos [Bono Burgos], na, Bulgaria, Croatia, France (mainland, Corsica), 970 m, Quercus ilex wood, 18.V.2010, CT, 1 ♀ imm. 69 lp (15 Greece (mainland, insular including Crete), Hun- mm). gary, Iberian Peninsula, Italy (mainland, Sicily, Sar- dinia), Macaronesia; North Africa: Maghreb; West General distribution. Europe: Croatia, France Asia: Turkey, Caucasus. (mainland), Hungary (?), Italy (mainland, Sicily, Sar- Italian distribution. From Liguria to Calabria and dinia), Portugal (mainland), Romania (south-west?), Salento, in peninsular regions mostly along the Tyr- Slovenia, Spain (mainland, Balearic Isl.), Switzerland; rhenian side; Sicily (including Aeolian Isl., Egadi Isl., the species is probably present also in North Africa Pantelleria Is., Linosa Is. Lampedusa Is.), Sardinia (Tunisia) and Corsica; records from Central Europe and satellite islands; Tuscan Archipelago (Capraia Is., (Austria, Belgium, Germany, Great Britain, Luxem- Elba Is., Pianosa Is., Montecristo Is., Giannutri Is.), burg, The Netherlands) are mostly related to anthro- Ischia Is., Capri Is. pogenic habitats; introduced in North America. Chorotype. Mediterranean. Italian distribution. All mainland regions; no or

231 Marzio Zapparoli

very few records along the central and lower Po Plain Sirai, 130 m, 22.XII.1990, PL, 1 ex 35 lp (6 mm). Medio Cam- and in south-eastern regions; Sicily (including Aeo- pidano prov.: Villacidro, San Sisinnio, 250 m, 2.I.1987, PL, 1 lian Isl., Egadi Isl., Pantelleria Is.), Sardinia and satel- ex 39 lp (11 mm). Oristano prov.: Ardauli, 250 m, 30.XII.1994, lite islands; Tuscan Archipelago (Capraia Is., Elba Is., PL, 6 exx 35 (3 exx)–37 (3 exx) lp (5–8 mm); Gonnostramatza, Pianosa Is., Giglio Is.), Ischia Is., Capri Is., Tremiti 165 m, 2.XII.1989, PL, 1 ex 33 lp (6 mm). Isl. (San Nicola Is., San Domino Is.). Chorotype. W-Mediterranean. General distribution. Europe: France (mainland), Ecological notes. Woodland species, mostly in Italy (central regions, Sardinia). Quercus spp. woods (generally Q. ilex); often also in Italian distribution. Sardinia and satellite islands; open and shrub Mediterranean habitats; often in en- a single record from northern Latium (Zapparoli in dogean habitat samples (sixteen records in Zapparoli press). 2009); occasionally in caves (trogloxene); from sea Chorotype. W-Mediterranean. level to 1100 m. Ecological notes. In shrub (maquis) and sclero- phyllous woodland (Quercus ilex, Q. suber) Mediter- ranean habitats; sometimes in endogean habitat sam- SCHENDYLIDAE Verhoeff, 1908 ples (no records in Zapparoli 2009); no records from caves; from sea level to 250 m. Nannophilus Cook, 1896 21. Schendyla carniolensis (Verhoeff, 1902) 19. Nannophilus eximius (Meinert, 1870) Schendyla carniolensis (Verhoeff, 1902): Zapparoli 2009: 129. Material examined. Cagliari prov.: Esterzili, Monte Santa Vit- toria, western slope, 750 m, 25.I.1989, PL, 1 ex 75 lp (18 mm). Material examined. Cagliari prov.: Sadali, Foresta di Addoli, 750 m, 13.XII.1993, PL, 1 ex 45 lp (11 mm). Nuoro prov.: General distribution. Europe: Cyprus, Greece Dorgali, La Traversa, 200 m, 9.X.1992, PL, 1 ex 45 lp (19 mm). (mainland, Dodecanese, Crete), Italy (mainland, Olbia-Tempio prov.: Aggius, 490 m, 21.IV.1993, PL, 1 ex 47 lp Sardinia, Sicily), Maltese Archipelago, Portugal (Ma- (22 mm). Sassari prov.: Bono, Monte Rasu, 900 m, XII.1989, deira Is.), Spain (Canary Isl.); North Africa: Algeria, PL, 2 exx 45, 47 lp (27 mm). Tunisia (Attems 1929; Minelli et al. 1981; Zapparoli 2002; Enghoff 2004; Simaiakis et al. 2005). General distribution. Europe: Austria, France Italian distribution. Few records from southern (mainland), Italy (mainland, Sardinia), Romania peninsular regions (Calabria; Apulia, Salento); Sic- (Dobruja), Serbia, Slovenia. ily (including Aeolian Isl., Egadi Isl., Lampedusa Is., Chorotype. S-European. Linosa Is.), Sardinia. Italian distribution. Northern regions but no records Chorotype. Mediterranean. from Aosta Valley and the central and lower Po Plain; Ecological notes. Thermophiluos species, but habi- from the Tuscan-Emilian to the central and southern tat preferences of Sardinian populations are unknown; Apennines (one record from Basilicata); Sardinia; Tus- it has been recorded from sea level to nearly 100 m can Archipelago (Elba Is., Montecristo Is.). in elevation in circumsicilian and East Mediterranean Ecological notes. The habitat preferences of this islands, in low maquis, subcoastal pastures, phrygana species are poorly known: only few records from sem- and beach habitats (Zapparoli 1995; Simaiakis et al. inatural woods have been hitherto published; rare in 2005). The above specimen was sampled on schistose endogean habitat samples (no records in Zapparoli soil, in a shady and damp spot of a steep canyon (P. 2009); no records from caves; elevation range 200– Leo, pers. comm.). 900 m. Notes. First record from Sardinia. 22. Schendyla mediterranea Silvestri, 1897 Schendyla Bergsøe & Meinert, 1866 Schendyla mediterranea Silvestri, 1897: Zapparoli 2009: 130. 20. Schendyla armata Brölemann, 1901 Material examined. Cagliari prov.: Capoterra, Gutturu Mannu, Schendyla armata Brölemann, 1901: Zapparoli 2009: 128. 110 m, XII.2005, PL, 2 exx 51, 53 lp (8 mm, 11 mm); ibidem, 20.XI.2008, PL, 6 exx 49 (1 ex), 51 (3 exx), 53 (2 exx) lp (10–13 Material examined. Carbonia-Iglesias prov.: Carbonia, Monte mm); Dolianova, 500 m, 9.XII.1986, PL, 2 exx 51 lp (9 mm,

232 New records and remarks on the centipede fauna of endogean habitats of Sardinia (Chilopoda)

14 mm); Domus de Maria, Punta Spinosa, 550 m, 3.I.1992, Mogoro, 90 m, 2.XII.1989, PL, 1 ex 53 lp (15 mm); Santulus- PL, 1 ex 49 lp (12 mm); Esterzili, Monte Santa Vittoria, 750 surgiu, Monte Ferru, 720 m, 10.V.1986, PL, 1 ex 49 lp (10 mm). m, 25.I.1989, PL, 5 exx 47–49 lp (9–11 mm); Isili, 400 m, Sassari prov.: Chiaramonti, 350 m, 30.XII.1994, PL, 6 exx 49 (2 7.I.1993, PL, 1 ex 53 lp (19 mm); Pula, Pixina Manna, 450 m, exx), 51 (4 exx) lp (6–15 mm); Porto Conte, low maquis, under 15.II.1992, PL, 2 exx 51 lp (5 mm, 6 mm); Quartu Sant'Elena, stones, direct sampling, XI.2010, GD GGu, 3 exx 51, 53, 55 lp Cala Regina, 15 m, 28.III.1990, PL, 4 exx 51 (2 exx), 53, 55 lp (9–15 mm); Sedini, 330 m, 30.XII.1994, PL, 3 exx 47, 51, 51 (10–19 mm); ibidem, 15 m, 8.XII.1990, PL, 2 exx 51, 53 lp lp (10–14 mm). (13 mm, 18 mm); San Nicolò Gerrei, 600 m, 16.X.1992, PL, 1 ex 53 lp (11 mm); ibidem, 600 m, 1.III.1996, PL, 1 ex 51 General distribution. Europe: France (mainland), lp (10 mm); Sarroch, Nuraghe s'Orcu, 50 m, 11.IV.1989, PL, Greece (mainland), Italy (mainland, Sicily, Sardinia), 1 ex 53 lp (17 mm); ibidem, 6.V.1991, PL, 8 exx 49 (1 ex), 51 Romania (Dobruja), Spain (mainland). (5 exx), 53 (2 exx) lp (9–19 mm); Siliqua, Castello dell'Acqua Italian distribution. Liguria, Tuscan-Emilian Apen- Fredda, 150 m, 27.II.1989, PL, 1 ex 51 lp (17 mm); Silius, 510 nines (one record); NW Sicily, Sardinia and satellite m, 6.XI.1986, PL, 3 exx 49 (1 ex), 51 (2 exx) lp (10–15 mm); islands. ibidem, 510 m, 6.XI.1986, 1 ex 47 lp (9 mm); Sinnai, Maidopis, Chorotype. Mediterranean. 500 m, 17.V.1991, PL, 1 ex 51 lp (16 mm); Sinnai, Monte dei Ecological notes. Mostly in oakwoods (Quercus Sette Fratelli, 560 m, 6.II.1990, PL, 4 exx 49, 51, 53 (2 exx) lp ilex) but also in Mediterranean shrub habitats; no (10–14 mm); ibidem, 560 m, 8.III.1991, PL, 2 exx 51, 53 lp (9 records from caves; frequent in endogean habitat mm, 18 mm); Sinnai, Punta Serpeddì, 900 m, 13.XI.1991, PL, 1 samples (thirty-one records in Zapparoli 2009); from ex 47 lp (6 mm); Teulada, 150 m, 3.III.1991, PL, 2 exx 51, 53 lp sea level to 1000 m. (15 mm, 16 mm); Uta, Genna de su Cerbu, 130 m, 8.XI.1989, PL, 4 exx 47, 49 (2 exx), 51 lp (11–18 mm). Carbonia-Iglesias 23. Schendyla montana (Attems, 1895) prov.: Carbonia, Barbusi, 180 m, 1.XII.1991, PL, 1 ex 47 lp (10 mm); Carbonia, Monte Sirai, 130 m, 22.XII.1990, PL, 5 exx 51 Schendyla montana (Attems, 1895): Zapparoli 2009: 131. (4 exx), 53 (1 ex) lp (9–11 mm); Domusnovas, Gutturu di Mon- te Nieddu, 290 m, 25.X.1985, PL, 4 exx 51 (3 exx), 49 (1 ex) lp, Material examined. Carbonia-Iglesias prov.: Fluminimaggiore, (10–19 mm); Domusnovas, Sa Duchessa, 350 m, 18.XII.1991, 250 m, 26.X.1991, PL, 1 ex 47 lp (11 m). Ogliastra prov.: Sa- PL, 1 ex 53 lp (15 mm); Fluminimaggiore, 250 m, 26.X.1991, dali, road to Cantoniera Genna Uassa, near cave of Janas, 816 m, PL, 2 exx 53 lp (12 mm, 13 mm); Iglesias, Montecani, 400 m, 24.V.2010, CT, 3 exx 43 lp (9–13 mm); road from Villanova to 25.I.1986, PL, 5 exx 49 (1 ex), 51 (3 exx), 53 (1 ex) lp (8–16 Gairo Taquisara, near Genna Filigi, 920 m, maquis, 23.V.2010, mm); Iglesias, Nebida, 120 m, 25.I.1986, PL, 2 exx 49, 51 lp (12 CT, 1 ex 45 lp (15 mm). Olbia-Tempio prov.: Loiri, Ovilò, 140 mm); Sant'Antioco Is., Cala Sapone, 10 m, 12.II.1987, PL, 1 ex m, coppice Quercus ilex wood, 18.V.2010, CT, 1 ex 45 lp (12 mm). 53 lp (14 mm); Sant'Antioco Is., Rio Triga, 100 m, 4.II.1990, PL, 2 exx 51, 53 lp (12 mm, 16 mm); Santadi, 110 m, 9.IV.1989, General distribution. Europe: Austria, Bosnia- PL, 1 ex 49 lp (15 mm). Medio Campidano prov.: Arbus, Passo Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Bidderti, 450 m, 26.X.1991, PL, 4 exx 49, 51, 53 (2 exx) lp France (mainland), Greece (mainland), Italy (main- (15–18 mm); Villacidro, 260 m, 1.III.1992, PL, 1 ex 51 lp (8 land, Sardinia), Republic of Macedonia, Romania, mm); Villacidro, San Sisinnio, 250 m, 2.I.1987, PL, 2 exx 51 Slovenia, Hungary; North Africa: Tunisia. lp (10 mm); ibidem, 250 m, 7.V.1991, PL, 1 ex 53 lp (15 mm). Italian distribution. Eastern Alps and prealpine re- Nuoro prov.: Bolotana, Badde Salighes, 850 m, 5.I.1991, PL, liefs, Ligurian and Tuscan-Emilian Apennines; few 1 ex 51 lp (15 mm); Dualchi, 350 m, 8.XII.1992, PL, 4 exx 51 records from the central Apennines; Sardinia. lp (7–19 mm); Macomer, 620 m, 20.III.1987, PL, 3 exx 49 lp Chorotype. S-European. (12–13 mm). Ogliastra prov.: Gairo, 850 m, 14.II.1992, PL, Ecological notes. Few records from Quercus ilex 1 ex 49 lp (13 mm); Jerzu, Sant'Antonio, 700 m, Quercus ilex woods and maquis; this is the only record known wood, 18.III.2009, CT, 1 ex 47 lp (10 mm); Perdasdefogu, 470 from the endogean habitat; no records from caves; m, 2.III.1990, PL, 1 ex 51 lp (13 mm); Tertenia, road to Marina from 140 to 920 m above sea level. di Tertenia, 160 m, group of Quercus ilex, 14.III.2010, CT, 3 exx 51 (2 exx), 53 lp (10–18 mm); Tertenia, Rio S'Ilixi Longas, 24. Schendyla nemorensis (C.L. Koch, 1837) 80 m, 23.IV.1992, PL, 1 ex 51 lp (12 mm). Oristano prov.: Ardauli, 250 m, 15.XII.1990, PL, 3 exx 47, 51, 53 lp (10–13 Schendyla nemorensis (C.L. Koch, 1837): Zapparoli 2009: 132. mm); ibidem, 30.XII.1994, PL, 3 exx 49, 51 (2 exx) lp, (8–10 mm); Asuni, 200 m, 27.XII.1990, PL, 3 exx 51, 51, 53 lp (12–15 Material examined. Cagliari prov.: Capoterra, Gutturu Mannu, mm); Bauladu, 140 m, 1.III.1989, PL, 3 exx 51 lp (12–15 mm); 110 m, XII.2005, PL, 2 exx 43 lp (11 mm); Domus de Maria,

233 Marzio Zapparoli

Sant'Andrea, 50 m, 29.XII.1991, PL, 1 ex 37 lp (6 mm); Isili, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria (?), Croatia, Czech 400 m, 7.I.1993, PL, 2 exx 43, 45 lp (18 mm, 20 mm); ibidem, Republic, Denmark (mainland), Finland, France 400 m, 7.I.1993, PL, 1 ex 37 lp (9 mm); Monte [dei] Sette Fra- (mainland), Germany, Great Britain, Greece (includ- telli (Natural Park), 535 m, maquis with Quercus ilex, Q. suber, ing Crete), Ireland, Italy (mainland, Sicily, Sardinia), Arbutus unedo, Erica sp., 25.V.2010, CT, 2 exx 43 lp (7 mm, 11 Latvia, Norway, Poland, Portugal (Azores Isl.), Ro- mm); Pula, Pixina Manna, 450 m, 15.II.1992, PL, 10 exx 39 lp mania (?), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Balearic Isl.), (6–15 mm), 6 exx 41 lp (9–13 mm); Quartu Sant'Elena, Cala Sweden, The Netherlands; North Africa: Algeria, Regina, 15 m, 19.III.1995, PL, 1 ex 41 lp (9 mm); Sadali, Foresta Morocco, Tunisia; North America: introduced. di Addoli, 750 m, 18.I.1995, PL, 1 ex 41 lp (9 mm); ibidem, 750 Italian distribution. Northern regions but no m, 19.I.1996, PL, 2 exx 43, 45 lp (8 mm, 13 mm); Sinnai, Monte records are known from Aosta Valley, the north-west- dei Sette Fratelli, 560 m, 6.II.1990, PL, 2 exx 43, 45 lp (10 mm, ern Alps and the central and lower Po Plain; penin- 12 mm); Sinnai, Punta Serpeddì, 900 m, 17.V.1991, PL, 3 exx 41 sular regions from the Tuscan-Emilian to the central lp (8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm). Carbonia-Iglesias prov.: Carbon- Apennines, few records from southern regions (Cam- ia, Barbusi, 180 m, 1.XII.1991, PL, 1 ex 39 lp (6 mm). Nuoro pania; Apulia, Gargano; Calabria, Catena Costiera); prov.: Lula, Monte Albo, 630 m, 28.XII.1988, PL, 4 exx 43 lp (3 Sicily (including Egadi Isl., Pantelleria Is.), Sardinia exx), 45 (1 ex) lp (7–11 mm); ibidem, 630 m, 24.XI.1992, PL, and satellite islands; Tuscan Archipelago (Elba Is., 1 ex 43 lp (9 mm); Monte Ortobene, 443 m, Pinus pinea wood, Montecristo Is.), Ischia Is., Tremiti Isl. (Caprara Is., 18.V.2010, CT, 1 ex 43 lp (12 mm); Oliena, 430 m, maquis with San Domino Is.). Quercus ilex coppice, Pistacia lentiscus and Cistus sp., 18.V.2010, Chorotype. European. CT, 1 ex 45 lp (12 mm), 2 exx (11–12 mm). Ogliastra prov.: Ecological notes. Mostly in Quercus ilex woods, Arzana, road to Ruinas, 785 m, Quercus ilex wood, 23.V.2010, sometimes in Mediterranean open and shrub habitats CT, 1 ex 45 lp (10 mm); Baunei, 480 m, limestone plateau, (maquis, meadows, garrigues); frequently in endog- Quercus ilex wood, 17.III.2009, CT, 1 ex 45 lp (14 mm); ibidem, ean habitat samples (nineteen records in Zapparoli 17.III.2009, CT, 1 ex 43 lp (8 mm), 1 ex (fragment); Baunei, near 2009); occasionally in caves (trogloxene); from sea Perdalonga, 20 m, limestones between Ceratonia siliqua, Cistus sp. level to 1800 m. and Arbutus unedo, [III.2009], CT, 2 exx 41 (9 mm), 43 (13 mm) lp. Cardedu, Perda e' Pera, 35 m, maquis, under Pistacia lentiscus, 16.III.2010, CT, 3 exx 39 (6 mm), 41 (8 mm), 45 (11 mm) lp; GEOPHILIDAE Cook, 1895 ibidem, isolated trees, under Ceratonia siliqua, 22.V.2010, CT, 1 ex 37 lp (12 mm); Elini, roadside of S.S. 198, Bivio del Carmine, Pachymerium C.L. Koch, 1847 850 m, Quercus ilex wood, 12.III.2010, CT, 7 exx 41 (2 exx), 43 (2 exx), 45 (3 exx) lp (7–16 mm); Elini, Bosco del Carmine, 800 25. Pachymerium ferrugineum (C.L. Koch, 1835) m, Quercus ilex wood, 18.III.2009, CT, 2 exx 43 lp (15 mm), 45 lp (9 mm); Gairo Marina, Is Piscinas, 70 m, Quercus ilex wood, Pachymerium ferrugineum (C.L. Koch, 1835): Zapparoli 2009: 22.V.2010, CT, 1 ex 45 lp (10 mm); ibidem, 22.V.2010, CT, 1 133. ex 43 lp (7 mm); Gairo, 850 m, 15.III.1992, LF, 1 ex 43 lp (17 mm); Gairo, Taquisara, 915 m, Quercus ilex wood, 23.V.2010, Material examined. Carbonia-Iglesias prov.: Sant'Antioco Is., CT, 1 ex 45 lp (in two fragments of 5 mm each); Lanusei, Bosco Cala Sapone, 10 m, 12.II.1987, PL, 1 imm. 53 lp (12 mm); ibi- Selene, 900 m, IV.1993, PL, 1 ex 41 lp (11 mm); Lanusei, Bosco dem, 12.II.1987, PL, 1 ex 53 lp (29 mm). di Selene, 970 m, Quercus ilex wood, 15.III.2009, CT, 3 exx 43 lp (7 mm, 8 mm, 11 mm); Talana, at the side of the plateau, 1060 General distribution. Europe: Albania, Austria, m, Quercus ilex wood, 27.V.2010, CT, 4 exx 41 (1 ex), 43 (3 exx) Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, lp (6–10 mm); ibidem, at the junction of S.P. 56 and S.P. 37, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark (mainland), Eu- 170 m, maquis with Quercus ilex, 27.V.2010, CT, 2 exx 43 lp (6 ropean Russia, Finland, France (mainland, Corsica), mm); Triei, 190 m, Quercus ilex wood on schist, 21.V.2010, CT, Great Britain, Greece (mainland and insular includ- 3 exx 41 (6 mm), 43 (9 mm), 45 lp (7 mm); ibidem, north of the ing Crete), Hungary, Italy (mainland, Sicily, Sardinia), village, 190 m, maquis with Quercus ilex, 17.III.2010, CT, 1 ex Latvia, Republic of Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Por- 43 (11 mm), 2 exx 45 lp (10 mm, 12 mm); Villagrande Strisaili, tugal (mainland, Azores Isl., Madeira Is.), Romania, 830 m, 10.I.1993, PL, 2 exx 41 lp (12 mm). Oristano prov.: Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (mainland, Balearic Isl., Ca- Gonnostramatza, 165 m, 2.XII.1989, PL, 3 exx 37 lp (7 mm, 8 nary Isl.), Sweden, The Netherlands; North Africa: Al- mm, 9 mm). geria, Central Sahara, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia; West Asia: Caucasus, Iran, Palestine, Turkey, Uzbekistan; General distribution. Europe: Austria, Belgium, East Asia: Pribilof Isl. (Russia), Japan (introduced);

234 New records and remarks on the centipede fauna of endogean habitats of Sardinia (Chilopoda)

North America: Alaska, introduced elsewhere; Cen- General distribution. Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, tral America: Mexico (introduced); South America: Croatia, Denmark (mainland), European Russia, Chile (Juán Fernández Is., introduced; Easter Is., in- France (mainland, Corsica), Germany, Great Britain, troduced); Pacific islands: Hawaii Isl. (introduced). Greece (mainland, Ionian Isl., Crete), Hungary, Ire- Italian distribution. All mainland regions, but few land, Italy (mainland, Sicily, Sardinia), Montenegro, records are known from the south-eastern peninsular Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Sweden, The regions (Gargano, Salento); Sicily (including Aeolian Netherlands; North Africa: Morocco, Tunisia. Isl., Ustica Is., Egadi Isl., Pantelleria Is., Linosa Is., Italian distribution. Alps and eastern Prealps, no Lampedusa Is.), Sardinia and satellite islands; Tuscan records from the Po Plain; peninsular regions from Archipelago (Capraia Is., Elba Is., Montecristo Is., the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines to Calabria, no Giglio Is.), Pontine Isl. (Palmarola Is., Ponza Is., Ven- record from south-eastern regions; Sicily (including totene Is., Santo Stefano Is.), Ischia Is., Tremiti Isl. Egadi Isl., Pantelleria Is., Lampedusa Is.), Sardinia (Pianosa Is., Capraia Is., San Domino Is.). and satellite islands; Tuscan Archipelago (Giglio Is., Chorotype. W-Palaearctic. Giannutri Is.), Ischia Is. Ecological notes. In open and shrub habitats, also Chorotype. European. on beaches; this is the only record from the endogean Ecological notes. Mostly in Quercus ilex woods, but habitat; no records from caves; from sea level to near also in Mediterranean shrub and open habitats and in 1200 m. maquis; rarely recorded in riparian habitats; frequently in endogean habitat samples (thirteen records in Geophilus Leach, 1814 Zapparoli 2009); sometimes in caves (trogloxene); from sea level to 1700 m. 26. Geophilus alpinus Meinert, 1870 27. Geophilus carpophagus Leach, 1815 Geophilus alpinus Meinert, 1870: Zapparoli 2009: 135. Geophilus carpophagus Leach, 1815: Zapparoli 2009: 137. Material examined. Cagliari prov.: Esterzili, Monte Santa Vit- toria, 750 m, 25.I.1989, PL, 1 ♂ 47 lp (12 mm); Sinnai, Punta Material examined. Cagliari prov.: Sinnai, Punta Serpeddì, Serpeddì, 900 m, 28.III.1993, PL, 1 ♀ 47 lp (17 mm); Teulada, 900 m, 17.V.1991, PL, 1 imm. 49 lp (15 mm). Oristano prov.: 150 m, 3.III.1991, PL, 1 ♀ 47 lp (23 mm). Carbonia-Iglesias Bauladu, 140 m, 1.III.1989, PL, 1 imm. 53 lp (20 mm). prov.: Fluminimaggiore, 250 m, 26.X.1991, PL, 2 ♂♂ 41 lp, 4 ♀♀ 41 (1 ex), 43 (3 exx) lp (10–22 mm). Medio Campidano General distribution. Europe: Albania, Belgium, prov.: Siddi, Pranu Siddi, 340 m, 2.XII.1989, PL, 1 ♀ 55 lp Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark (mainland), Fin- (28 mm); ibidem, 2.XII.1989, PL, 2 ♂♂ 53 lp (10 mm); ibi- land, France (mainland, Corsica), Germany, Great dem, 2.XII.1989, PL, 1 ♀ 53 lp (24 mm); Villacidro, Foresta di Britain, Greece (Ionian Isl., Southern Sporades, Montimannu, 280 m, 8.V.1986, PL, 1 ♂ 45 lp, 5 ♀♀ 43, 45, Crete), Ireland, Italy (mainland, Sicily, Sardinia), 49, 55 (2 exx) lp (10–22 mm); Villacidro, San Sisinnio, 250 m, Latvia, Montenegro, Norway, Poland, Portugal 2.I.1987, PL, 2 ♂♂ 43, 45 lp (9 mm, 11 mm). Nuoro prov.: (mainland, Azores Isl., Madeira Is.), Romania, Slova- Desulo, Bruncu Spina, 1700 m, 14.XI.1992, PL, 3 ♀♀ 51, 53, kia, Slovenia, Spain (mainland, Balearic Isl., Canary 53 lp (10–15 mm). Ogliastra prov.: Baunei, near S.S. 125, 720 Isl.), Sweden, The Netherlands; North Africa: Alge- m, small Quercus ilex wood in canyon, 21.V.2010, CT, 1 ♂ 47 ria, Morocco, Tunisia; West Asia: Palestine, Turkey. lp (14 mm); Elini, Bivio del Carmine, roadside of S.S. 398, 850 Italian distribution. Alps and eastern Prealps, no m, Quercus ilex wood, 12.III.2010, CT, 2 ♀♀ 47, 49 lp (19 mm, records from Aosta Valley and eastern adjacent ar- 22 mm); Elini, Bosco del Carmine, 800 m, Quercus ilex wood, eas, central and lower Po Plain; peninsular regions, 18.III.2009, CT, 1 ♂ 47 lp (17 mm); road from Villanova to but few records are known from south-eastern areas Gairo Taquisara, near Genna Filigi, 920 m, maquis, 23.V.2010, (Campania, Gargano, Basilicata); Sicily (including CT, 1 ♀ 47 lp (11 mm); Triei, 190 m, Quercus ilex wood on Aeolian Isl., Pantelleria Is.), Sardinia; Tuscan Archi- schist, 21.V.2010, CT, 1 ♀. 45 lp (14 mm). Olbia-Tempio prov.: pelago (Elba Is., Montecristo Is., Giglio Is., Gian- Golfo Aranci, Capo Figari, 20 m, 19.I.1994, PL, 1 ♂ 51 lp (23 nutri Is.). mm). Oristano prov.: Asuni, 200 m, 27.XII.1990, PL, 1 imm. Chorotype. European. ♂ 45 lp (14 mm); Mogoro, 90 m, 2.XII.1989, PL, 1 ♀ 55 lp Ecological notes. Mostly in oakwoods (especially (26 mm); Morgongiori, 330 m, 22.XII.1993, PL, 1 ♀ 51 lp (13 Quercus ilex), rarely in other habitas such as pine- mm). Sassari prov.: Bono, Monte Rasu, 900 m, XII.1989, PL, woods and open habitats (including garrigues and 1 ♂ 47 lp (14 mm). montane Alnus sp. shrubs); some records from man-

235 Marzio Zapparoli

made habitats (Eucalyptus plantations, orchards); 1 ♀ 39 lp (7 mm); Orotelli, 4.XII.2000, LF, 1 ♀ 37 lp 3+3 coxal sometimes in endogean habitat samples (five records pores (7 mm) (G. piae L. Bonato & M. Zapparoli det. 2010); To- in Zapparoli 2009); rarely in caves (trogloxene); from nara, 820 m, 27.X.1992, PL, 1 ♀ 39 lp 2+2 coxal pores (10 mm). 140 to 1800 m in elevation. Ogliastra prov.: Baunei, near S.S. 125, 720 m, small Quercus ilex wood in canyon, 21.V.2010, CT, 1 imm. 35 lp (4 mm); ibidem, 28. Geophilus fucorum Brölemann, 1909 21.V.2010, CT, 1 ♂ 35 lp 2+2 coxal pores (6 mm); Talana, at the side of the plateau, 1060 m, Quercus ilex wood, 27.V.2010, CT, Geophilus fucorum Brölemann, 1909: Zapparoli 2009: 138. 1 ♀ 37 lp (7 mm); Ussassai, S.S. 198 km 64, 650 m, Quercus ilex wood, 15.III.2009, CT, 1 ♀ 39 lp (9 mm). Oristano prov.: Ulà Material examined. Nuoro prov.: Lula, Monte Albo, 630 m, Tirso, 28.XII.2006, LF, 2 ♀♀ 37 lp (10 mm, 15 mm) (G. piae 11.III.1989, PL, 1 ex 49 lp (19 mm). Ogliastra prov.: Osini, in L. Bonato & M. Zapparoli det. 2010). Sassari prov.: Cargeghe, the valley of nuraghi, after Scala di San Giorgio, 810 m, Quercus 23.XII.2000, LF, 1 ♂ 35 lp (6 mm), 1 ♀ 39 lp (7 mm) (G. piae ilex wood, 15.III.2010, CT, 1 ♀ 49 lp (25 mm). L. Bonato & M. Zapparoli det. 2010); Chiaramonti, 350 m, 30.XII.1994, PL, 2 ♀♀ 35–37 lp (up to 6 mm); Foresta Burgos General distribution. Europe: France (mainland [Bono Burgos], 970 m, Quercus ilex wood, 18.V.2010, CT, 1 ♀ 37 Mediterranean coast), Great Britain (?), Italy (main- lp (9 mm); Padria, 250 m, 16.XII.1986, PL, 1 ♂ 35 lp (8 mm); land, Sicily, Sardinia), Spain (Balearic Isl.). Romana, Rio Melas, 23.XII.2006, LF, 1 ♀ 37 lp (5.5 mm) (G. piae Italian distribution. Few records from Liguria, Tu- L. Bonato & M. Zapparoli det. 2010); Torralba, 350 m, XII.1986, scany, Sicily and Sardinia (Zapparoli & Minelli 2005; PL, 4 exx 39 lp, 2 exx 37 lp (5 mm, 6 mm). Minelli 2006; Minelli & Bonato in press). Chorotype. W-Mediterranean. Remarks. G. minimus Verhoeff, 1928 and G. piae Ecological notes. A littoral species, but two records Minelli, 1983 are two strictly related species only from Quercus ilex woods are also known; the above- known from Italy and both occurring in Sardinia. mentioned records are the only known ones from the G. minimus has also been recorded in Liguria and endogean habitat; no records from caves; up to 810 Tuscany, whereas G. piae is known from the Tuscan m above sea level. Archipelago (Giannutri Is.) and Sicily. The habitat preferences of the Sardinian populations of the 29. Geophilus sp. gr. minimus Verhoeff, 1928 - piae two species are poorly known. Both have been re- Minelli, 1983 corded in Quercus woods (Q. ilex, Q. suber) but G. piae has been sampled also in open Mediterranean Material examined. Cagliari prov.: Dolianova, 500 m, habitats. G. minimus is only occasionally present in 9.XII.1986, PL, 1 ♂ 35 lp (7 mm), 1 ♀ 37 lp (11 mm), with 4+4 caves (trogloxene), while no subterranean records are coxal pores; Domus de Maria, Sant'Andrea, 50 m, 29.XII.1991, known for G. piae. Altitudinal limits range from 600 PL, 1 ♀ 37 lp (12 mm); Muravera, San Priano, 25.XI.2006, LF, to 930 m in G. minimus; only one record from 1000 1 ♂ 35 (8 mm), 1 ♀ 33 (7 mm), 1 ♀ 37 (7 mm) lp (G. piae L. m above s. l. is known for G. piae but the species Bonato & M. Zapparoli det. 2010); Pula, Pixina Manna, 450 m, is also present at lower elevations. According to the 15.II.1992, PL, 1 ex 39 lp (4 mm); Sadali, Foresta di Addoli, 750 material examined (near 50 exx) the species of this m, 19.I.1996, PL, 7 exx 37–39 lp (7–9 mm); San Vito Montelora, group are quite frequent in endogean habitat sam- 19.XII.2006, LF, 3 ♂♂ 33 lp (5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm), 1 ♂ 35 lp (8 ples. Elevation ranges from 50 to 900 m. Although mm) (G. piae L. Bonato & M. Zapparoli det. 2010); Sinnai, Punta some specimens have been identified as Geophilus Serpeddì, 900 m, 28.III.1993, PL, 1 ♂ 35 lp (8 mm). Carbonia- piae by L. Bonato and M. Zapparoli, the whole mate- Iglesias prov.: Carbonia, Barbusi, 180 m, 1.XII.1991, PL, 1 ex rial needs further investigation to be able to identify imm. 37 lp (7 mm). Medio Campidano prov.: Villacidro, San it with confidence at the specific level. Sisinnio, 250 m, 7.V.1991, PL, 1 ♀ 37 lp (7 mm). Nuoro prov.: Bolotana, 6.II.2007, LF, 1 ♂ 37 (9 mm), 1 ♀ 39 lp (9 mm) (G. 30. Geophilus osquidatum Brölemann, 1909 piae L. Bonato & M. Zapparoli det. 2010); Gennargentu, Bruncu Spina, 1.V.2006, LF, 1 ♂ 35 lp (7 mm) (G. piae L. Bonato & M. Geophilus osquidatum Brölemann, 1909: Zapparoli 2009: 139. Zapparoli det. 2010); Lula, Monte Albo, 630 m, 28.XII.1988, PL, 1 ♀ 39 lp (7 mm); ibidem, 630 m, 24.XI.1992, PL, 1 ♀ 37 lp (7 Material examined. Cagliari prov.: Cagliari, Tuvixeddu, 80 m, mm); Macomer, 620 m, 20.III.1987, PL, 7 exx 39 lp (8–10 mm); XI.1986, PL, 13 exx 47 lp (10–19 mm); Esterzili, Monte Santa Monte Ortobene, 443 m, Pinus pinea wood, 18.V.2010, CT, 5 exx Vittoria, 750 m, 25.I.1989, PL, 1 ex 47 lp (12 mm); Quartu 37–39 lp (5–6 mm); Ollolai, roadside of S.S. 128, between S.P. 29 Sant'Elena, Cala Regina, 15 m, 28.III.1990, PL, 1 f 55 lp, 1 f and S.P. 22, 800 m, coppice Quercus ilex wood, 12.III.2009, CT, 59 lp (15–17 mm); Sadali, Foresta di Addoli, 750 m, 19.I.1996,

236 New records and remarks on the centipede fauna of endogean habitats of Sardinia (Chilopoda)

PL, 4 exx 47 (1 ex), 49 (3 exx) lp (13–15 mm); Serri, 550 m, Ecological notes. Only two habitat records are 27.X.1992, PL, 3 imm. 53, 55, 57 lp (10–14 mm). Carbonia- known so far, i.e. vegetal formations dominated by Iglesias prov.: Iglesias, Montecani, 400 m, 25.I.1986, PL, 1 Quercus suber and Pistacia lentiscus, respectively, from imm. 45 lp (14 mm). Nuoro prov.: Dorgali, Monte Coazza, sea level to 350 m in elevation. The new material was 200 m, 12.V.1991, PL, 1 ex 47 lp (15 mm); Macomer, 620 m, collected in a Pinus pinaster wood, in maquis with 20.III.1987, PL, 1 imm. 51 lp (10 mm). Ogliastra prov.: Vil- Quercus ilex and Pistacia lentiscus, and in shrubs with lagrande Strisaili, Lago Alto Flumendosa, 810 m, 25.IV.1991, Ceratonia siliqua, Cistus sp. and Arbustus unedo, and PL, 1 imm. 45 lp (10 mm). Oristano prov.: Mogoro, 90 m, it extends the upper altitudinal limit to 710 m; also 2.XII.1989, PL, 3 imm. 47 lp (14–16 mm). in endogean habitat samples (no records in Zapparoli 2009); no records from caves. General distribution. Europe: Czech Republic, France (mainland), Germany, Great Britain (south- Stenotaenia C.L. Koch, 1847 west), Italy (mainland, Sicily, Sardinia), Spain. Italian distribution. Northern regions (western 32. Stenotaenia sorrentina (Attems, 1903) Alps, Po Plain, eastern Liguria); in peninsular regions it ranges from the Tuscan-Emilian to the southern Stenotaenia sorrentina (Attems, 1903): Zapparoli 2009: 143. Apennines, and no records are known from Calabria and the south-eastern regions; Sicily, Sardinia and Material examined. Cagliari prov.: Capoterra, Gutturu Mannu, satellite islands; Tuscan Archipelago (Elba Is.). 110 m, 20.XI.2008, PL, 1 ♂ imm. 57 lp (21 mm), 1 imm. (frag- Chorotype. S-European. ment); Esterzili, Monte Santa Vittoria, 750 m, 25.I.1989, PL, 2 Ecological notes. Mostly in oakwoods (Quercus imm. 61, 63 lp (17 mm, 22 mm); ibidem, 750 m, 25.I.1989, PL, ilex, Q. suber), also under Pistacia lentiscus; frequently 2 imm. 61, 63 lp (10 mm, 11 mm); Silius, 510 m, 6.XI.1986, in endogean habitat samples (nineteen records in PL, 3 exx 61 lp (18–20 mm); ibidem, 510 m, 6.XI.1986, PL, Zapparoli 2009); occasionally in caves (trogloxene); 1 imm. 61 lp (8 mm). Carbonia-Iglesias prov.: Sant'Antioco from sea level to 1000 m. Is., Cala Sapone, 10 m, 12.II.1987, PL, 1 imm. 61 lp (10 mm); ibidem, 12.II.1987, PL, 2 ♂♂ 63 lp (24 mm), 67 lp (29 mm), 31. Geophilus richardi Brölemann, 1904 3 ♀♀ 69 lp (32, 27, 27 mm). Medio Campidano prov.: Arbus, Passo Bidderti, 450 m, 26.X.1991, PL, 2 imm. 59, 61 lp (7 mm, Geophilus richardi Brölemann, 1904: Zapparoli 2009: 142. 24 mm); Villacidro, San Sisinnio, 250 m, 2.I.1987, PL, 1 imm. 57 lp (13 mm); ibidem, 250 m, 7.V.1991, PL, 1 imm. 57 lp Material examined. Cagliari prov.: Capoterra, Gutturu Mannu, (9 mm). Nuoro prov.: Nuoro, Monte Ortobene, 443 m, Pinus 110 m, XII.2005, PL, 1 ♂ 31 lp (7 mm); ibidem, 20.XI.2008, pinea wood, 18.V.2010, CT, 1 imm. 61 lp (11 mm); Ollolai, PL, 1 ♂ 31 lp (10 mm); San Nicolò Gerrei, 600 m, 1.III.1996, roadside of S.S. 128, between S.P. 29 and S.P. 22, 800 m, coppice PL, 1 ♀ 33 lp (6 mm); Sinnai, Maidopis, 500 m, 17.V.1991, PL, Quercus ilex wood, 12.III.2009, CT, 2 imm. 61 lp (12, 18 mm). 1 ♀ 33 lp (7 mm); Villasimius, 25 m, 4.I.1993, PL, 1 ♀ 33 lp Ogliastra prov.: Jerzu, Sant'Antonio, 700 m, Quercus ilex wood, [lost]. Carbonia-Iglesias prov.: Domusnovas, Gutturu di Monte 18.III.2009, CT, 1 ♂ 61 lp, 1 ♀ 61 lp (15, 18 mm); Perdasde- Nieddu, 290 m, 25.X.1985, PL, 1 ♂ 31 lp (8 mm); Domus- fogu, 470 m, 2.III.1990, PL, 2 imm. 59, 61 lp (12 mm, 13 mm); novas, Sa Duchessa, 350 m, 12.I.1990, PL, 1 ♂ 31 lp (6 mm). Ulassai, 675 m, Quercus ilex wood, 22.V.2010, CT, 1 imm. 59 lp Ogliastra prov.: Baunei, forest area of Monte Lopene, 710 m, (7 mm). Oristano prov.: Ardauli, 250 m, 15.XII.1990, PL, 1 ex Pinus pinaster wood, 21.V.2010, CT, 2 ♀♀ 33 lp (5 mm, 6 mm); 63 lp (22 mm); ibidem, 30.XII.1994, PL, 1 ♂ 57 lp (21 mm), Baunei, Perdalonga, 20 m, maquis with Quercus ilex and Pistacia 4 ♀♀ 61 (20 mm), 61 (20 mm), 59 (22 mm), 69 (15 mm) lp, 4 lentiscus, 21.V.2010, CT, 1 ♀ 33 lp (5 mm); near Perdalonga, 20 imm. 59, 59, 61, 61 lp (7–10 mm); Asuni, 200 m, 27.XII.1990, m, limestones between Ceratonia siliqua, Cistus sp. and Arbutus PL, 1 imm. 61 lp (13 mm); Gonnostramatza, 165 m, 2.XII.1989, unedo, [III.2009], CT, 4 ♀♀ 33 lp (6–8 mm). PL, 3 imm. 57, 59, 59 lp (13 mm, 19 mm, 20 mm).

General distribution. Europe: France (mainland), General distribution. Europe: Italy (mainland, Sar- Greece (Ionian Isl.), Italy (mainland, Sicily, Sardinia). dinia, Sicily?), France (Corsica?); records from other Italian distribution. North-western regions (south- regions, mainly in the Balkans, need to be reassessed. ern Piedmont, Liguria); scattered records are known Italian distribution. From the Maritime and Ligu- from the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines to Salento and rian Alps to Gargano and Calabria; Sicily, Sardinia; southern Calabria; Sardinia, Sicily; Tuscan Archipela- Tuscan Archipelago, Pontine Isl. (Zannone Is., Pal- go (Pianosa Is., Giannutri Is.). marola Is., Ponza Is., Ventotene Is.), Ischia Is., Capri Chorotype. Mediterranean. Is. (Bonato & Minelli 2008).

237 Marzio Zapparoli

Chorotype. Italian endemic; European affinities. -- large-sized species seem to occur only occasionally Ecological notes. Mostly in Quercus ilex woods, (e.g., Eupolybothrus nudicornis, Lithobius castaneus, also in maquis; frequently in endogean habitat sam- Scolopendra oraniensis), as very few specimens were ples (eight records in Zapparoli 2009); no records sampled and chiefly consisting of immature stadia from caves; from sea level to 1300 m. (e.g., Cryptops trisulcatus, Himantarium gabrielis, Stigmatogaster spp., Henia vesuviana), including larvae (e.g., Lithobius s.l.), clearly smaller in size; discussion -- so far, no species have been found exclusively in this habitat, although an undescribed species of More than 500 specimens belonging to 32 spe- Geophilidae currently still under study has been cies have been examined, from near 120 sites (429 sampled, to date, only in deep-soil (Zapparoli specimens collected by P. Leo and L. Fancello from 2009); however, after a rough quantitative com- 78 sites; 112 specimens collected by C. Torti from parison between the number of specimens and 38 sites), corresponding to about 60% of the centi- localities represented in other recent Sardin- pede fauna of Sardinia (55 species). The finding of ian collections (i.e., Minelli 1983; Minelli et al. the geophilomorph Nannophilus eximius, a Mediter- 1994; Zapparoli 2009), some species seem more ranean Schendylidae for the first time recorded from frequent in endogean samples than in those from Sardinia, is noteworthy. An updated list of the centi- epigean habitats (e.g., Dignathodon microcephalus, pedes of Sardinia is presented in Tab. 1. Henia brevis, Schendyla spp., Geophilus spp. gr. After the records published in Zapparoli (2009) minimus-piae), or, at least, they seem to be more – about 600 specimens belonging to 29 species (6 successfully sampled with the soil washing and Lithobiomorpha, 3 Scolopendromorpha, 20 Geophi- Berlese techniques than with others; lomorpha) – this is the second report on the centi- -- as all the species have also been collected in more pedes of Sardinia including samples explicitly from superficial layers by hand collection, pitfall traps endogean habitats, both in calcareous and granitic or litter sifting (cf. Zapparoli 2009), their pres- soils. The data collected confirm centipedes as a quite ence in the endogean habitats should be tempo- common component of the arthropod fauna in the rary and related to the existence of seasonal ver- deep-soil habitat and, although arising from oppor- tical migrations, a well known phenomenon in tunistic samples, give the occasion for some consid- temperate and Mediterranean areas with an alter- erations on this fauna in Sardinia: nation of wet and dry seasons, probably involving -- from a taxonomic point of view, the Geophilo- both adult and/or immature stadia according to morpha are the most represented group: at least 23 the species (e.g., Dowdy 1944; Lewis 1981; Tuf species are present, representing nearly 80% of the 2002); Sardinian species of the order (29 species); eight -- species diversity is generally low, the number of species of Lithobiomorpha (out of 12 occurring species per site ranging from 1 (30 sites) to 8 (1 in Sardinia, excluding the specialized subterranean site); 41 sites (53% of those examined here) host and uncertain species) and three species of Scolo- 1–2 species (sites were mostly sampled once, ex- pendromorpha (out of five, excluding the special- ceptionally twice), 28 sites (36%) host 3–4 spe- ized subterranean species) were also collected; al- cies (sites mostly sampled once, exceptionally 2–3 though some exceptions exist and the knowledge is times), 7 sites (9%) host 5–6 species (each sampled still fragmentary, the observed pattern corroborates 1–3 times), 2 sites (2%) host 7–8 species (each the general assumption on data from continental sampled 2–3 times); a total of six species per single Europe (e.g., Geoffroy 1979; Fründ 1987; Barber sample were collected in two localities (number of & Keay 1988; Barber 1992; Tuf & Ožanová 1999; specimens in parentheses): Sant'Antioco, Cala Sa- Lewis 2003), according to which geophilomorphs pone, 10 m, Carbonia-Iglesias prov., 12.II.1987 are mainly found below the surface and lithobio- (Cryptops punicus (3), Stigmatogaster gracilis (5), morphs are mainly surface dwellers; Dignathodon microcephalus (1), Henia bicarinata -- species with a small or medium body size are most (1), Pachymerium ferrugineum (2), Stenotaenia sor- represented among the Lithobiomorpha (e.g., rentina (6)) and Esterzili, Monte Santa Vittoria, Lithobius lapidicola, L. microps and L. turritanus); 750 m, Cagliari prov., 25.I.1989 (Haplophilus sar- filiform species are most represented among the dous (1), Nannophilus eximius (1), Schendyla medi- Geophilomorpha (e.g., Schendyla spp., Geophilus terranea (5), Geophilus alpinus (1), G. osquidatum gr. minimus - piae, G. richardi); (1), Stenotaenia sorrentina (5)).

238 New records and remarks on the centipede fauna of endogean habitats of Sardinia (Chilopoda)

Tab. 1. List of centipedes of Sardinia and their distribution according to the present-day administrative provinces. Abbreviations. CA = Cagliari prov., CI = Carbonia-Iglesias prov., VS = Medio Campidano prov., NU = Nuoro prov., OG = Ogliastra prov., OT = Olbia-Tempio prov., OR = Oristano prov., SS = Sassari prov. X = present; - = no records; ? = uncertain record (not included in the totals).

CA CI VS NU OG OT OR SS

Scutigeromorpha 1. Scutigera coleoptrata (Linnaeus, 1758) X X - X X - - X

Lithobiomorpha 2. Lamyctes emarginatus (Newport, 1844) X ------X 3. Eupolybothrus (E.) fasciatus (Newport, 1845) - - - - - ? - - 4. E. (Allopolybothrus) nudicornis (Gervais, 1837) X X X X X X X X 5. Lithobius (L.) aligherus Manfredi, 1953 ------X 6. L. (L.) castaneus Newport, 1844 X X X X X X X X 7. L. (L.) doderoi Silvestri, 1908 X - - X X - - - 8. L. (L.) forficatus (Linnaeus, 1758) ? ? - - - - - ? 9. L. (L.) inermis L. Koch, 1856 - - - X - - X X 10. L. (L.) lapidicola Meinert, 1872 X X X X X X X X 11. L. (L.) molophai Restivo De Miranda, 1978 ------X 12. L. (L.) nuragicus Zapparoli, 1997 - X - - - - X X 13. L. (L.) pilicornis Newport, 1844 - - - X X - - - 14. L. (L.) sardous Silvestri, 1898 X X ------15. L. (L.) sardus Manfredi, 1956 X X - X X - X - 16. L. (L.) sbordonii Matic, 1967 - - - X X - - - 17. L. (L.) turritanus Fanzago, 1881 X X X X X X X X 18. L. (Sigibius) micropodus Matic, 1980 X X X X X X X X 19. L. (S.) microps Meinert, 1868 X X X X - X X X 20. L. (Monotarsobius) crassipes L. Koch, 1862 X X - - - X X -

Scolopendromorpha 21. Cryptops (Cryptops) hortensis (Donovan, 1810) X - - X - - X X 22. C. (C.) punicus (Silvestri, 1896) X X X X X X X X 23. C. (C.) trisulcatus Brölemann, 1902 X X X X X X X X 24. C. (C.) sp. A - - - - X - - - 25. Plutonium zwierleini Cavanna, 1881 X - - X X - X X 26. Scolopendra oraniensis Lucas, 1846 X X X X X X X X

Geophilomorpha 27. Himantarium gabrielis (Linnaeus, 1767) X X X X X X X X 28. Haplophilus sardous Verhoeff, 1901 X X X X X - - X 29. Stigmatogaster gracilis (Meinert, 1870) X X X X X X X X 30. Stigmatogaster superba (Meinert, 1870) X X - X - - - - 31. Dignathodon microcephalus (Lucas, 1846) X X X X - X X X 32. Henia (Meinertia) bicarinata (Meinert, 1870) X X X X X X X X 33. H. (Pseudochaetechelyne) brevis (Silvestri, 1896) - X X X - X - X 34. H. (Chaetechelyne) vesuviana (Newport, 1845) X X X X X X X X 35. Hydroschendyla submarina (Grube, 1872) - - - - - X - - 36. Nannophilus eximius (Meinert, 1870) X ------37. Schendyla armata Brölemann, 1901 X X X X - X X -

239 Marzio Zapparoli

38. Schendyla carniolensis (Verhoeff, 1902) X - - X X X - X 39. S. mediterranea Silvestri, 1897 X X X X X X X X 40. S. montana (Attems, 1895) - X - - X X - - 41. S. nemorensis (C.L. Koch, 1837) X X X X X X X X 42. Pachymerium ferrugineum (C.L. Koch, 1835) X X X X X X X X 43. Geophilus alpinus Meinert, 1878 X X X X X X X X 44. G. carpophagus Leach, 1815 X X X X X X X X 45. G. fucorum Brölemann, 1909 - - X X X X X X 46. G. minimus Verhoeff, 1928 X X - X X - - - 47. G. osquidatum Brölemann, 1909 X X X X X X X X 48. G. piae Minelli, 1983 - - X X - X - X 49. G. punicus Silvestri, 1896 X - X X - - X - 50. G. richardi (Brölemann, 1904) X X - - X X - - 51. Eurygeophilus multistiliger (Verhoeff, 1899) X - - - - - X - 52. Stenotaenia romana (Silvestri, 1895) - - - - - ? - - 53. S. sorrentina (Attems, 1903) X X X X X X X X 54. Tuoba poseidonis (Verhoeff, 1901) - - - X - - X X 55. Geophilidae n. sp. - X ------Total number of species 38 34 27 39 32 30 32 35

Acknowledgements sistance, and to Daniel Whitmore for the review of This paper was prepared in the context of the ICP the English text. I would also like to thank Marco Forests monitoring programme. A. Bologna for his kind laboratory assistance at the I gratefully acknowledge Luca Fancello, Piero Leo Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma III, (Cagliari, Italy) and Carlo Torti (Genoa, Italy), for (Rome, Italy). Thanks to Lucio Bonato and Ales- giving me their valuable collection of centipedes. I sandro Minelli (Dipartimento di Biologia, Università wish to express my gratitude also to the State Forestry degli Studi, Padua, Italy), for providing information Service, Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Con- and useful comments. Thanks to Lucio Bonato also servazione della Biodiversità Forestale "Bosco Fon- for the critical reading of a previous version of the pa- tana" (Verona, Italy) and especially to Franco Mason, per. This research has been partially supported by the for encouraging me to publish this note. Thanks are Italian Ministry of University and Scientific Research also extended to his collaborators Pierfilippo Cer- – MIUR (PRIN 20085YJMTC). retti, Gianluca Nardi and Mara Tisato for their as-

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