Sales, Wants & Exchange List No. 563. 10Th December 2003. Keeping

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Sales, Wants & Exchange List No. 563. 10Th December 2003. Keeping All adverts & items should be made available (by letter, fax, Sales, Wants & Exchange phone or E-Mail) not later than the submission date below, to:- List No. 563. 10th The Editor, Paul W. Batty, 50 Burns Road, Dinnington, December 2003. Sheffield, S25 2LN. England. Tel/Fax: (+44) 01909 565 564. Subscriptions, changes of address and all other membership MOBILE: 07792 415 886 enquiries should be sent to:- The Secretary, E-Mail: [email protected] John Green, 11 Rock Gardens, Aldershot, Hampshire, ELG WEBSITE: GU11 3AD. England. Tel: (+44) 01252 329 308. http://www.pwbelg.clara.net/index.html (S.A.E. appreciated with any enquiries to the secretary). All livestock etc. offered in the A magnificently illustrated publication from Chudleigh Publishing E.L.G. lists is captive-bred unless otherwise stated. FOR SALE: 3 set female Clouded Yellows (Colias croceus) pale cream ground colour. Data Kent 1928 Keeping and L.W.Newman. Historic insects from this famous collector/breeder. Offers: Phil Jenner 01763 838522 Breeding or email [email protected] FOR SALE: available soon, a late Victorian 20 Tarantulas drawer upright cabinet with glazed door in solid mahogany throughout. Probably constructed by J.T. Crockett. Relined with white plastazote. External di- by Ronald N. Baxter mensions, 29½" wide x 24½" deep x 57½" high. Drawer size is an impressive 26" x 21" x 2½". This affords massive storage capacity equivalent to over 30 Hardback edition ISBN 0 9519219 2 4. xii + 92 pages, 32 colour plates, 4 monochrome plates drawers of standard dimensions (17x15 or 18x16). and illustrations by Michael J. Roberts. Clothbound in dark green, with gold lettering on spine £1500 (Photos available soon, please enquire.) Steve and front board. Full colour dust wrapper. Price £14.20 incl. postage inland UK. Europe £1.25 Pittis, 60 Upper Brook Street, Winchester, Hampshire, Chapters include: External anatomy, Housing, Buying your first tarantula, Feeding, General SO23 8DG. Tel: 01962 854133 E-mail: care, Breeding, Rearing Juveniles, Beginning with Juveniles, Descriptions and Species - [email protected] detailed descriptions to over forty species. Here is a selection of unsolicited testimonials which we have received: “May I take this FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE: Over-wintering ova opportunity to thank you for writing your book, ‘Keeping and Breeding Tarantulas’. It is a of Black Arches, Large Thorn, Copper Underwing, constant reference for me” ..... M.T., Warminster. Barred Straw and Feathered Thorn all £2.50 per 15. ..... “I have also found your book a fantastic help and feel I may be at last leaving my novice Ova/larvae of Ruby Tiger, White Speck, The Delicate, stage and hope to begin breeding very shortly”..... J.S.S., Cleethorpes. ..... “I’ve recently bought your book ‘Keeping and Breeding Tarantulas’. Well done on Small Mottled Willow, Lesser Treble Bar and Small producing a well written and informative book. I learned a lot from it”..... M.R. South Shields. Blood Vein all £2.50 per 15. These are continually ..... “I found your book, ‘Keeping and Breeding Tarantulas’ very readable and informative” ..... brooded if kept warm. Also pupae of Birch Mocha, S.J.L., Scunthorpe. and Knot Grass both 40p each. All orders plus 50p ..... “Your book has been invaluable and well worth the times I’ve re-read it. As a beginner I have found it contains all I’ve needed to know”..... M.C., Worthing. postage to Darren Whitehead, Best of British, 13 ..... “a very informative and well-written and set out book. I have read the book three times Langdale Drive, Long Eaton, Nottingham, NG10 3PQ. completely and I use it regularly for reference”..... A.T. Tel: 0115 9723124. E-mail: “Just a short letter to say how much I enjoyed your book, ‘Keeping and Breeding Tarantulas’, [email protected] this must be the best book available on the subject”..... N.B., Bilston. FOR SALE: Indian Moon Moth larvae third instar SIGNED COPIES AVAILABLE ON REQUEST AT THE TIME OF ORDERING. TRADE ENQUIRIES WELCOME. Please make Cheques payable to Chudleigh Publishing onwards @ ?3.50 per doz., p/p 60p. Wanted: Tussore (and please write your name and address on the reverse). Payments from Overseas Silkmoth (A.Mylitta) and Scarlet Windowed Moth must be Sterling and all Cheques must be drawn on a London Bank. (Andrei NOT Trifenestrata) livestock. Does anyone know where stock can be obtained from? Keith Jef- Please send your order and remittance to: feries, 9 Bramley Crescent, Sonning Common, Nr. Chudleigh Publishing, (Dept. ELG). 45 Chudleigh Crescent, Seven Kings, Ilford, Essex. 1G3 9AT. Reading. RG4 9LU Tel.0118-9722611 E-mail: Tel/Fax: 020 8590 3285 [email protected] KETTERING SPRING ENTOMOLOGICAL SUBMISSION DEADLINE for List 564 (15th January 2004) is FAIR 2004: I’ve got the date right at last - it IS Sunday 28th 10:00 a.m. GMT. Saturday 10th January. March 2004 after all. I thought I had got this wrong because it’s far too early, but thanks to all who confirmed the date for me - As *POR* = Pay On Receipt. *PWO* = Payment With Order. usual at the Kettering Leisure Village complex. [Ed]. *PCA* = Phone to Check Availability. *Lfp= Larval Food Plant. *SAE* = Self-addressed Envelope. FOR SALE: Vapourer Moth (Orgyia antiqua) overwintering ova by Lemunaine 2002, (Peru) Pupae £4.95; Spurge Hawk (Hyles @ £2.25 per 15. Two strains on offer - a striking dark coloured euphorbiae conspicua) Turkey, Pupae £2.95; Scarce Swallowtail larval form (F2 generation) and this form crossed with assembled (Iphiclides podalirius) £2.95; Swallowtail (Papilio machaon) males to produce various shades. Both types for £4 per 30 ova (15 £2.95; Southern Swallowtail (Papilio alexanor) £9.50; Striped of each). Each lot of 15 ova will be made up of 5 ova from 3 Swallowtail (Eurytides marcellus) Pupae £4.50; False Apollo (A. seperate pairings. *Lfp= Hawthorn, Willow, Oak, Birch, + shrubs apolloinus) £4.50; Scottish Speckled Wood ss. oblita £1.50; such as Rose. P&P 30p UK. *PWO*. Stephen R. Sowden, 12 The Canary Speciled Wood (P. xipiodes) £2.50; Eastern Festoon (A. Paddocks, Auckley, Doncaster. South Yorks. DN9 3JX. cerisyi ferdinandi) £2.95; Southern Festoon (Z. polyena polyxena) DURING THE LONG WINTER MONTHS, we all need £2.50; Sicilian Festoon (Z. polyxena lateviltata) £7.50; Russian something to keep body, mind and soul alive/to keep our spirits Festoon (A. caucasica) £4.95; Giant Peacock (Saturnia pyri) up. All is usually very quite on the active livestock front, most £4.50; Emperor Moth (S. pavonia) £2.50; Kentish Glory (E. stocks are in months of hibernation but some good new folks, we versicolora) £1.95; Privet Hawk (S. ligustri) £1.00; Elephant are pleased to be able to offer some British Clouded Yellow Hawk (D. elpenor) £1.00; Broad Bordered Bee Hawk (H. furci- (various forms) larvae on Clover, at only £5.00 for 10; these larvae formis) £2.95; Pericalia galactina ssp. (China) NEW £5.95 Very are thriving, coming along lovely. So it's something to keep our attractive Arctidae, Food: Dandelion; Buff Tip (P. bucephala) interests up at this time and if you have a warm room and lighting, £1.00; Three Humped Prominent (T. tritophus) £3.95; White as well as getting them to pupae, you might be lucky enough to get Prominent (L. bicoloria) Pupae £2.95; Chotolate Tip (C. curtula) a pairing. (Treat as continually brooded) The larvae are best £1.50; Bedstraw Hawk (Hyles gallii) £2.50; Willowherb Hawk (P. reared on potted plants, indoors. Annette & Nigel South, proserpina) £2.95; Set British Aberrations (Special Offers): Butterfly Connections, will be at the Entomological Fair at the Red Admiral ab. klemensiewiczi £15.00; Painted Lady ab. varin Grove Leisure Centre, London Road, Balderton, Nr Newark, Notts £20.00; Large Tortoiseshell ab. testudo £20.00; Small Tortoise- on Sunday 14th December. As at all the Fairs/Exhibitions, we shell abs., Less Extreme £10.00, Extreme £20.00; Comma ab. once again/as usual, look forward to meeting old and new col- reichstethensis £20.00; Camberwell Beauty ab. hygiaea £20.00; leagues and to once again putting some faces to names and names Peacock ab. bellisara £15.00; Small Copper ab. fuscae £7.50; to faces. So don't be shy! Do come and introduce yourselves to Large White ab. coerulea £7.50; Adonis Blue ab. suffsa £10.00; us. We will be carrying our usual range of Butterfly and Moth Large Blue ab. marginata £45.00; Large Blue ab. magnifica A- Livestock and Dead-stock, so make a date in your diary, see you slightly worn £45.00; White Admiral ab. semi-obliterae £10.00; there! For those of you that have not already done so, (at this stage Marsh Fritillary ab. melanolenca £20.00; Marsh Fritillary Extreme orders have already been placed) if you would like to place your Purple/Black abs., Male £30.00, Female £50.00; Speckled Wood orders in advance of the Fair/Exhibition (for Livestock and ssp. oblita Male £5.00, Female £7.50; Ringlet ab. osoleta £7.50, dead-stock) and then pick them up at the Show, we are happy to ab arête £7.50; High Brown Fritillary (Dark abs.) £25.00; Queen once again provide this service. FOR SALE: 12 EGGS: 5 New of Spain Fritillary ab. £20.00; Small Pearl Bordered Fritillary ab. Species due in shortly, prices not known yet for this group of 5 £20.00; European Cleopatra Gynandromorph (Slight mark on Catocala eggs: White Underwing (Catocala relicta) Food: H.W.) £350.00; Map Butterfly (A. levana) Extreme abs £15.00; Poplar/Willow; Ilia Underwing (Catocala ilia) Food: Poplar/ Violet Fritillary (C. dia) ab. £20.00.
Recommended publications
  • Populus Nigra Network
    IN SITU CONSERVATION 79 In situ conservation Poplars and biodiversity PeterȱRotachȱ Department of Forest Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland Floodplain forests, the natural habitat of indigenous black poplar (Populus nigra L.), are among the most diverse ecosystems in Europe (Gepp et al. 1985). In Austria, for example, it was estimated that at least 12 000 species of animals and plants regularly inhabit the floodplains of the Danube (Gepp et al. 1985). According to Gerken (1988) more than 1000 species of beetles, most of the indigenous amphibians, 400–500 species of large butterflies (more than one third of all existing species) and between 150 and 200 species of birds occur in different floodplain habitats. Table 1 shows the numbers of invertebrates that have been recorded in the floodplains of the Rhine. Table 1. Number of species of invertebrates in the floodplains of the Rhine, according to Tittizer and Krebs (1996) Order Number of species Mollusca (land snails) >60 Mollusca (water snails and mussels) 30–40 Odonata (dragonflies) 50 Coleoptera (beetles) >1000 Lepidoptera (butterflies) 1000 Arachnida (spiders) >100 Many of the species are highly specialized and depend on alluvial habitats. For example, 29% of the amphibians, 27% of the carabids, 20% of the reptiles and 12% of the dragonfly species in Switzerland occur uniquely or primarily in alluvial habitats (Walter et al. 1998). Undisturbed floodplain ecosystems are not only very rich in species, but also provide a unique or very important habitat for numerous threatened species and thus play a crucial role for species conservation. For insects, mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians in Switzerland, for example, 17.5% of extinct species, 27% of those that are nearly extinct, 19% of highly threatened species and 11% of threatened species live exclusively, or primarily, in alluvial habitats (Walter et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera of North America 5
    Lepidoptera of North America 5. Contributions to the Knowledge of Southern West Virginia Lepidoptera Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University Lepidoptera of North America 5. Contributions to the Knowledge of Southern West Virginia Lepidoptera by Valerio Albu, 1411 E. Sweetbriar Drive Fresno, CA 93720 and Eric Metzler, 1241 Kildale Square North Columbus, OH 43229 April 30, 2004 Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University Cover illustration: Blueberry Sphinx (Paonias astylus (Drury)], an eastern endemic. Photo by Valeriu Albu. ISBN 1084-8819 This publication and others in the series may be ordered from the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 Abstract A list of 1531 species ofLepidoptera is presented, collected over 15 years (1988 to 2002), in eleven southern West Virginia counties. A variety of collecting methods was used, including netting, light attracting, light trapping and pheromone trapping. The specimens were identified by the currently available pictorial sources and determination keys. Many were also sent to specialists for confirmation or identification. The majority of the data was from Kanawha County, reflecting the area of more intensive sampling effort by the senior author. This imbalance of data between Kanawha County and other counties should even out with further sampling of the area. Key Words: Appalachian Mountains,
    [Show full text]
  • Insects of Western North America 4. Survey of Selected Insect Taxa of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma 2
    Insects of Western North America 4. Survey of Selected Insect Taxa of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma 2. Dragonflies (Odonata), Stoneflies (Plecoptera) and selected Moths (Lepidoptera) Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University Survey of Selected Insect Taxa of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma 2. Dragonflies (Odonata), Stoneflies (Plecoptera) and selected Moths (Lepidoptera) by Boris C. Kondratieff, Paul A. Opler, Matthew C. Garhart, and Jason P. Schmidt C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 March 15, 2004 Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University Cover illustration (top to bottom): Widow Skimmer (Libellula luctuosa) [photo ©Robert Behrstock], Stonefly (Perlesta species) [photo © David H. Funk, White- lined Sphinx (Hyles lineata) [photo © Matthew C. Garhart] ISBN 1084-8819 This publication and others in the series may be ordered from the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 Copyrighted 2004 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY……………………………………………………………………………….…1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………..…………………………………………….…3 OBJECTIVE………………………………………………………………………………………….………5 Site Descriptions………………………………………….. METHODS AND MATERIALS…………………………………………………………………………….5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………………………………………………..…...11 Dragonflies………………………………………………………………………………….……..11
    [Show full text]
  • Bioblitz! OK 2019 - Cherokee County Moth List
    BioBlitz! OK 2019 - Cherokee County Moth List Sort Family Species 00366 Tineidae Acrolophus mortipennella 00372 Tineidae Acrolophus plumifrontella Eastern Grass Tubeworm Moth 00373 Tineidae Acrolophus popeanella 00383 Tineidae Acrolophus texanella 00457 Psychidae Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis Evergreen Bagworm Moth 01011 Oecophoridae Antaeotricha schlaegeri Schlaeger's Fruitworm 01014 Oecophoridae Antaeotricha leucillana 02047 Gelechiidae Keiferia lycopersicella Tomato Pinworm 02204 Gelechiidae Fascista cercerisella 02301.2 Gelechiidae Dichomeris isa 02401 Yponomeutidae Atteva aurea 02401 Yponomeutidae Atteva aurea Ailanthus Webworm Moth 02583 Sesiidae Synanthedon exitiosa 02691 Cossidae Fania nanus 02694 Cossidae Prionoxystus macmurtrei Little Carpenterworm Moth 02837 Tortricidae Olethreutes astrologana The Astrologer 03172 Tortricidae Epiblema strenuana 03202 Tortricidae Epiblema otiosana 03494 Tortricidae Cydia latiferreanus Filbert Worm 03573 Tortricidae Decodes basiplaganus 03632 Tortricidae Choristoneura fractittana 03635 Tortricidae Choristoneura rosaceana Oblique-banded Leafroller moth 03688 Tortricidae Clepsis peritana 03695 Tortricidae Sparganothis sulfureana Sparganothis Fruitworm Moth 03732 Tortricidae Platynota flavedana 03768.99 Tortricidae Cochylis ringsi 04639 Zygaenidae Pyromorpha dimidiata Orange-patched Smoky Moth 04644 Megalopygidae Lagoa crispata Black Waved Flannel Moth 04647 Megalopygidae Megalopyge opercularis 04665 Limacodidae Lithacodes fasciola 04677 Limacodidae Phobetron pithecium Hag Moth 04691 Limacodidae
    [Show full text]
  • CBD First National Report
    FIRST NATIONAL REPORT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA TO THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY July 2010 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................... 3 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 4 2. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Geographic Profile .......................................................................................... 5 2.2 Climate Profile ...................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Population Profile ................................................................................................. 7 2.4 Economic Profile .................................................................................................. 7 3 THE BIODIVERSITY OF SERBIA .............................................................................. 8 3.1 Overview......................................................................................................... 8 3.2 Ecosystem and Habitat Diversity .................................................................... 8 3.3 Species Diversity ............................................................................................ 9 3.4 Genetic Diversity ............................................................................................. 9 3.5 Protected Areas .............................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • CHECKLIST of WISCONSIN MOTHS (Superfamilies Mimallonoidea, Drepanoidea, Lasiocampoidea, Bombycoidea, Geometroidea, and Noctuoidea)
    WISCONSIN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 6 JUNE 2018 CHECKLIST OF WISCONSIN MOTHS (Superfamilies Mimallonoidea, Drepanoidea, Lasiocampoidea, Bombycoidea, Geometroidea, and Noctuoidea) Leslie A. Ferge,1 George J. Balogh2 and Kyle E. Johnson3 ABSTRACT A total of 1284 species representing the thirteen families comprising the present checklist have been documented in Wisconsin, including 293 species of Geometridae, 252 species of Erebidae and 584 species of Noctuidae. Distributions are summarized using the six major natural divisions of Wisconsin; adult flight periods and statuses within the state are also reported. Examples of Wisconsin’s diverse native habitat types in each of the natural divisions have been systematically inventoried, and species associated with specialized habitats such as peatland, prairie, barrens and dunes are listed. INTRODUCTION This list is an updated version of the Wisconsin moth checklist by Ferge & Balogh (2000). A considerable amount of new information from has been accumulated in the 18 years since that initial publication. Over sixty species have been added, bringing the total to 1284 in the thirteen families comprising this checklist. These families are estimated to comprise approximately one-half of the state’s total moth fauna. Historical records of Wisconsin moths are relatively meager. Checklists including Wisconsin moths were compiled by Hoy (1883), Rauterberg (1900), Fernekes (1906) and Muttkowski (1907). Hoy's list was restricted to Racine County, the others to Milwaukee County. Records from these publications are of historical interest, but unfortunately few verifiable voucher specimens exist. Unverifiable identifications and minimal label data associated with older museum specimens limit the usefulness of this information. Covell (1970) compiled records of 222 Geometridae species, based on his examination of specimens representing at least 30 counties.
    [Show full text]
  • Poleward Shifts in Geographical Ranges of Butterfly Species Associated with Regional Warming
    letters to nature between 270 and 4,000 ms after target onset) and to ignore changes in the distractor. Failure to respond within a reaction-time window, responding to a change in the distractor or deviating the gaze (monitored with a scleral search Poleward shifts in coil) by more than 1Њ from the fixation point caused the trial to be aborted without reward. The change in the target and distractors was selected so as to geographical ranges of be challenging for the animal. In experiments 1 and 2 the animal correctly completed, on average, 79% of the trials, broke fixation in 11%, might have butterfly species associated responded to the distractor stimulus in 6% and responded too early or not at all in 5% of the trials. In Experiment 3 the corresponding values are 78, 13%, 8% with regional warming and 2%. In none of the three experiments was there a difference between the Camille Parmesan*†, Nils Ryrholm‡, Constantı´ Stefanescu§, performances for the two possible targets. Differences between average eye Jane K. Hillk, Chris D. Thomas¶, Henri Descimon#, positions during trials where one or the other stimulus was the target were Brian Huntleyk, Lauri Kaila!, Jaakko Kullberg!, very small, with only an average shift of 0.02Њ in the direction of the shift of Toomas Tammaru**, W. John Tennent††, position between the stimuli. Only correctly completed trials were considered. Jeremy A. Thomas‡‡ & Martin Warren§§ Firing rates were determined by computing the average neuronal response * National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, across trials for 1,000 ms starting 200 ms after the beginning of the target Suite 300, Santa Barbara, California 93101, USA stimulus movement.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Erebidae) and Its Phylogenetic Implications
    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGYENTOMOLOGY ISSN (online): 1802-8829 Eur. J. Entomol. 113: 558–570, 2016 http://www.eje.cz doi: 10.14411/eje.2016.076 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Spilarctia robusta (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Erebidae) and its phylogenetic implications YU SUN, SEN TIAN, CEN QIAN, YU-XUAN SUN, MUHAMMAD N. ABBAS, SAIMA KAUSAR, LEI WANG, GUOQING WEI, BAO-JIAN ZHU * and CHAO-LIANG LIU * College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China; e-mails: [email protected] (Y. Sun), [email protected] (S. Tian), [email protected] (C. Qian), [email protected] (Y.-X. Sun), [email protected] (M.-N. Abbas), [email protected] (S. Kausar), [email protected] (L. Wang), [email protected] (G.-Q. Wei), [email protected] (B.-J. Zhu), [email protected] (C.-L. Liu) Key words. Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea, Erebidae, Spilarctia robusta, phylogenetic analyses, mitogenome, evolution, gene rearrangement Abstract. The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Spilarctia robusta (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Erebidae) was se- quenced and analyzed. The circular mitogenome is made up of 15,447 base pairs (bp). It contains a set of 37 genes, with the gene complement and order similar to that of other lepidopterans. The 12 protein coding genes (PCGs) have a typical mitochondrial start codon (ATN codons), whereas cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene utilizes unusually the CAG codon as documented for other lepidopteran mitogenomes. Four of the 13 PCGs have incomplete termination codons, the cox1, nad4 and nad6 with a single T, but cox2 has TA. It comprises six major intergenic spacers, with the exception of the A+T-rich region, spanning at least 10 bp in the mitogenome.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lesser Purple Emperor, Apatura Ilia: from Mimesis to Biomimetics
    Faraday Discussions The Lesser Purple Emperor, Apatura ilia: from mimesis to biomimetics Journal: Faraday Discussions Manuscript ID FD-ART-03-2020-000036.R1 Article Type: Paper Date Submitted by the 27-Mar-2020 Author: Complete List of Authors: Schenk, Franziska; Birmingham City University, School of Art Stavenga, Doekele; University Groningen, Computational Physics Page 1 of 18 Faraday Discussions 1 The Lesser Purple Emperor butterfly, Apatura ilia: from mimesis to biomimetics 2 3 Franziska Schenk1,* and Doekele G. Stavenga2 4 1 School of Art, Birmingham Institute of Art and Design, Birmingham City University, 5 Birmingham, U.K. 6 2 Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, the 7 Netherlands 8 * E-Mail: [email protected] 9 10 Abstract. Until now, hues as dynamic as those adorning the Apatura Emperor butterflies have 11 never been encountered in the painting world. Unlike and unmatched by the chemical pigments 12 traditionally found on the painter’s palette, the Emperor’s wings are studded with strongly 13 reflecting iridescent scales that are structured like those of the iconic morpho butterflies. The 14 scale ridges act as diffractive multilayers, giving rise to narrow-band reflectance spectra. All 15 scales together create a vividly purple iridescent wing colouration that is observed within a 16 narrow angular range only. Recently, synthetic structures analogous to the multilayer reflectors 17 found on butterfly wings have been developed, referred to as effect pigments. Artists can obtain 18 vital clues on how to adapt and adopt these challenging new materials for painting, by tracing the 19 origin of biomimetics back to the ancient concept of mimesis and building on the knowledge 20 accumulated by optical studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Mitogenome of the Lesser Purple Emperor Apatura Ilia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Apaturinae) and Comparison with Other
    动 物 学 研 究 2012,Apr. 33(2): 191−201 CN 53-1040/Q ISSN 0254-5853 Zoological Research DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1141.2012.02191 Complete mitogenome of the Lesser Purple Emperor Apatura ilia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Apaturinae) and comparison with other nymphalid butterflies CHEN Mei1, TIAN Li-Li1, SHI Qing-Hui1, CAO Tian-Wen2,*, HAO Jia-Sheng1,* (1. College of life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu Anhui 241000, China; 2. Institute of Plant Protection, Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Science, Taiyuan Shanxi 030031, China) Abstract: The complete mitochondrial genome of Apatura ilia (GenBank accession no. JF437925) was determined as a circular DNA molecule of 15 242 bp, with common genes of 13 putative proteins, 2 rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs and of the same gene arrangement as in other sequenced lepidopterans. All protein-coding genes had the typical start codon ATN, except for the COI’s using CGA as its start codon as previously demonstrated in other lepidopteran species. The comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the A. ilia mitogenome with ten other Nymphalidae species showed nearly identical gene orientation and arrangement, with only a few alterations in non-coding fragments. The nucleotide composition and codon frequency all fell into the range estimated for the order Lepidoptera. The A. ilia mitochondrial genome had the canonical set of 22 tRNA genes folded in the typical cloverleaf structure, with an unique exception of tRNASer (AGN). The mitochondrial genes from A. ilia were overlapped in a total of 33 bp at 9 locations, as well as interleaved with a total of 155 bp intergenic spacers, spread over 12 regions with the size ranging from 1 to 49 bp.
    [Show full text]
  • Apatura Ilia (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) Apaturinae Le Petit Mars Changeant
    Famille Nymphalidae Sous-famille Apatura ilia (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) Apaturinae le Petit Mars changeant Statut Le Petit Mars changeant était autrefois assez commun, bien qu’en populations assez localisées. Les effectifs sont connus pour être assez fl uctuants, et l’espèce montre une nette tendance à la régression, ce phénomène semblant d’ailleurs s’accé- RE lérer depuis une vingtaine d’années. CR Phénologie OINOT Espèce univoltine, paraissant habi- EN Claude V tuellement de la mi-juin à la mi-juillet, mais qui se montre de plus en plus tôt (en VU moyenne avec quinze jours d’avance sur les éclosions des années 1980) ; quelques exemplaires observés tardivement les Bourgogne NT années chaudes, correspondent probable- Franche-Comté ment (comme dans le Sud de la France) à LC une deuxième génération, très partielle ici. Dates extrêmes : (17 mai 2007 ; DD 21 mai 2011) 26 mai – 2 août, (11 août 2003 ; 13 août 1983 ; 20 août 2011, 22 août 2003 ; 25 août 2010). NA Atteintes et menaces NE L’espèce est menacée par diverses atteintes portées à ses habitats. En Europe – LC contexte forestier, l’élimination des es- Mâles, forme clytie à gauche, forme nominative blanche à droite (Côte-d’Or, 2005). France – LC sences dites secondaires et l’entretien des abords de sommières par gyrobroyage Écologie et biologie dite Mars orangé, dont les taches bien peuvent compromettre le maintien de marquées varient de l’ocre au brun-roux. Le Petit Mars changeant est une ce papillon. De façon similaire, la recti- Ces différences se retrouvent au revers. fi cation et l’enrochement de nombreuses espèce mésophile à mésohygrophile des Comme pour le Grand Mars changeant, berges de cours d’eau éliminent les arbres milieux boisés, assez ouverts, présentant les mâles présentent sur le dessus de nourriciers indispensables au bon déve- une végétation arbustive ensoleillée : magnifi ques refl ets bleu-violet, variables loppement des chenilles.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on Non-Target Phyllophagous Insects in Oak Forests As Potential Hosts of Entomophaga Maimaiga (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) in Bulgaria
    Applied Zoology ACTA ZOOLOGICA BULGARICA Research Article Acta zool. bulg., 66 (1), 2014: 115-120 Studies on Non-target Phyllophagous Insects in Oak Forests as Potential Hosts of Entomophaga maimaiga (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) in Bulgaria Margarita Georgieva1, Danail Takov2, Georgi Georgiev1, Daniela Pilarska2,5, Plamen Pilarski3, Plamen Mirchev1, Richard Humber4 1 Forest Research Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 132, St. Kliment Ohridski Blvd., Sofia 1756, Bulgaria; E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; E-mails:[email protected];[email protected]; [email protected] 3 Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; E-mail:[email protected] 4 USDA-ARS Biological Integrated Pest Management Research, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, 538 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; E-mail: [email protected] 5 Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 1176, CZ-165 21 Praha 6 – Suchdol, Czech Republic; E-mail:[email protected] Abstract: The impact of entomopathogenic fungus Entomophaga maimaiga HUMBER , SH IMAZU & SOPER (Ento- mophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) on the complex of phyllophagous insects in oak forests in Bulgaria was studied during the period 2009-2011. From 15 populations of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), i.e. six sites where E. maimaiga was introduced and nine sites where the pathogen occurred naturally, a total of 1499 larvae of non-target phyllophagous insects were collected. These insects belonged to 38 species of 10 families of Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae (1 species), Tortricidae (5), Pyralidae (1), Ypsolophidae (1), Geometridae (11), Noctuidae (8), Nolidae (1), Erebidae (5), Notodontidae (1), Lasiocampidae (2) as well as to two species of Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera).
    [Show full text]