Journal of Avian Biology JAV-00629 Heming, N. M. and Marini, M. Â. 2015. Ecological and environmental factors related to variation in egg size of New World flycatchers. – J. Avian Biol. doi: 10.1111/jav.00629
Supplementary material Journal of Avian Biology
Supporting Information
Ecological and environmental factors related to variation in egg size of New World flycatchers
Neander M. Heming and Miguel Â. Marini
Appendix 1. Data summary and supporting references for clutch sizes, body sizes, and egg measurements of Fluvicolinae in the
New World.
1 Table A1. Data summary containing body mass (g), nest type, migratory behaviour, average clutch size (Clutch), estimated Kw for genus and species, egg size (g), mean temperature during the warmest quarter (Bio10, Hijmans et al. 2005) as a proxy for mean temperature during the breeding season (TempBreed), and annual range (max – min) of monthly actual evapotranspiration (Ahn and Tateishi 1994) as a measure for actual evapotranspiration seasonality (AETseas) recorded for Fluvicolinae species across the
New World. Last column are listed the source references of egg measurements.
TempBreed AETseas X̄ Kw Egg size (g) (ºC) (mm) Body mass Migratory N of Species English name (g) Nest type behaviour Clutch Genus Species sites X̄ SD Min Max Min Max References Agriornis lividus Great Shrike-Tyrant 99.2 open resident 3 0.524 NA 2 7.59 ± 0.20 19.3 20.2 35 68 49, 79 Agriornis Gray-bellied Shrike- micropterus Tyrant 67.8 open resident 3.5 0.524 NA 3 5.75 ± 0.78 15.4 20.3 43 68 49, 73, 84 Black-billed Shrike- 49, 61, 79, Agriornis montanus Tyrant 63.3 open resident 2.5 0.524 0.522 5 7.03 ± 0.46 8.6 20.2 19 152 101, 111 short-distance Agriornis murinus Lesser Shrike-Tyrant 29.9 open migrant 3 0.524 0.522 2 3.13 ± 0.28 8.6 18.0 25 43 5, 78 Strange-tailed 45, 46, 57, Alectrurus risora Tyrant 21.0 open resident 3 0.525 0.526 10 3.10 ± 0.25 22.5 26.8 90 128 79, 89
Alectrurus tricolor Cock-tailed Tyrant 16.0 open resident 2.5 0.525 0.528 4 2.54 ± 0.29 23.5 23.5 137 137 18 10, 29, 35, 36, 58, 59, Arundinicola White-headed Marsh 79, 86, 87, leucocephala Tyrant 13.6 enclosed resident 3 0.524 0.524 17 1.95 ± 0.27 23.9 28.7 33 130 94, 117
Colonia colonus Long-tailed Tyrant 16.8 cavity resident 2.5 0.527 0.525 1 2.12 23.9 23.9 121 121 35 Colorhamphus short-distance 4, 21, 82, parvirostris Patagonian Tyrant 8.5 open migrant 3 0.527 NA 9 2.06 ± 0.25 8.6 16.4 41 153 86, 99, 109
Contopus cinereus Tropical Pewee 12.5 open resident 2.5 0.525 0.526 11 1.78 ± 0.28 22.4 27.0 47 126 3, 10, 36,
2 73, 105, 106
medium/long- Olive-sided distance Contopus cooperi Flycatcher 35.6 open migrant 3.5 0.525 0.523 2 2.71 ± 0.17 19.9 24.0 91 115 11, 23 Lesser Antillean Contopus latirostris Pewee 10.3 open resident 2 0.525 0.526 1 1.68 24.7 24.7 102 102 14 short-distance Contopus pertinax Greater Pewee 27.1 open migrant 3 0.525 0.523 3 2.79 ± 0.05 21.6 27.7 63 88 11, 95 medium/long- Western Wood- distance Contopus sordidulus Pewee 13.0 open migrant 3 0.525 0.526 2 1.72 ± 0.06 16.3 23.6 63 84 7, 11 medium/long- Eastern Wood- distance Contopus virens Pewee 13.8 open migrant 3 0.525 0.523 4 1.91 ± 0.19 19.6 23.3 121 140 7, 11, 23, 95 medium/long- Pacific-slope distance 11, 12, 19, Empidonax difficilis Flycatcher 10.3 cavity migrant 4 0.524 NA 12 1.61 ± 0.22 14.1 29.1 61 107 75, 76, 79 Empidonax flavescens Yellowish Flycatcher 10.5 open resident 2.5 0.524 0.527 1 1.92 21.2 21.2 43 43 13 medium/long- Empidonax Yellow-bellied distance flaviventris Flycatcher 12.0 cavity migrant 4 0.527 0.527 8 2.00 ± 0.47 15.4 22.3 98 135 19, 23, 79 Buff-breasted Empidonax fulvifrons Flycatcher 7.95 open resident 3.5 0.524 NA 1 1.13 20.5 20.5 89 89 12 Empidonax Hammond's short-distance 7, 11, 17, hammondii Flycatcher 10.5 open migrant 4 0.521 NA 6 1.51 ± 0.14 10.2 32.9 31 124 19, 75 medium/long- distance Empidonax minimus Least Flycatcher 11.5 open migrant 4 0.529 0.526 23 1.36 ± 0.07 13.7 21.3 44 131 7, 11, 19, 23 Empidonax short-distance oberholseri Dusky Flycatcher 10.38 open migrant 4 0.521 0.521 5 1.88 ± 0.10 16.0 21.2 64 74 19
3 medium/long- distance 7, 11, 20, Empidonax traillii Willow Flycatcher 13.4 open migrant 3.5 0.526 NA 33 1.80 ± 0.22 8.6 23.3 44 133 23, 114 medium/long- Empidonax distance 7, 11, 19, virescens Acadian Flycatcher 13.1 open migrant 3 0.523 0.524 11 2.02 ± 0.21 16.6 28.7 94 141 108, 114 short-distance Empidonax wrightii Gray Flycatcher 12.3 open migrant 3.5 0.524 0.524 3 1.92 ± 0.33 16.0 22.0 49 64 7, 11, 98 Black-backed Water- short-distance 42, 57, 63, Fluvicola albiventer Tyrant 11.6 enclosed migrant 2.5 0.525 0.525 14 1.87 ± 0.18 22.5 27.5 90 131 74, 79, 86 Masked Water- 63, 65, 76, Fluvicola nengeta Tyrant 21.0 enclosed resident 2 0.528 0.528 5 2.10 ± 0.12 22.6 26.8 72 127 81, 96 10, 29, 36, 58, 59, 87, Fluvicola pica Pied Water-Tyrant 14.0 enclosed resident 2.5 0.523 0.524 11 1.64 ± 0.25 26.1 28.7 33 126 94, 117, 118 Hirundinea ferruginea Cliff Flycatcher 22.5 open resident 2 0.525 0.528 2 2.62 ± 0.22 23.9 25.2 120 121 34, 35 9, 40, 42, 47, 48, 49, Hymenops short-distance 57, 60, 79, perspicillatus Spectacled Tyrant 22.9 open migrant 3 0.524 0.524 16 2.81 ± 0.45 19.3 27.1 33 131 86, 103 Knipolegus White-winged Black- short-distance aterrimus Tyrant 20.0 open migrant 2.5 0.524 0.523 2 3.07 ± 0.39 23.6 25.2 120 134 57, 86 Knipolegus Blue-billed Black- short-distance cyanirostris Tyrant 15.4 open migrant 2 0.524 0.525 4 2.81 ± 0.46 22.4 26.0 82 131 41, 57, 88 Knipolegus nigerrimus Velvety Black-Tyrant 20.2 open resident 2.5 0.524 0.527 1 3.44 20.2 20.2 107 108 92 34, 57, 85, Knipolegus signatus Andean Tyrant 17.8 open resident 2 0.524 0.526 7 2.72 ± 0.40 19.8 25.2 82 120 86 Knipolegus striaticeps Cinereous Tyrant 11 open resident 2 0.524 0.525 1 1.91 25.2 25.2 120 120 34
Lathrotriccus euleri Euler's Flycatcher 11.5 open resident 2.5 NA NA 14 1.77 ± 0.24 20.8 26.1 65 138 1, 2, 6, 10,
4 35, 36, 57, 73, 86
Lessonia oreas Andean Negrito 13.8 open resident 3.5 0.524 0.524 1 2.48 12.2 12.2 82 82 111 short-distance 28, 49, 79, Lessonia rufa Austral Negrito 12.5 open migrant 3 0.524 0.525 7 2.18 ± 0.31 9.3 22.6 35 139 86, 90, 115 25, 29, 34, 40, 42, 48, 57, 68, 74, 79, 86, 94, Machetornis rixosa Cattle Tyrant 29.6 enclosed resident 3.5 0.524 0.524 18 3.73 ± 0.30 20.9 28.7 90 141 96, 103, 115 Muscisaxicola White-browed short-distance albilora Ground-Tyrant 26.5 cavity migrant 2.5 0.524 0.524 1 3.66 19.6 19.6 47 47 91 Muscisaxicola Plain-capped alpinus Ground-Tyrant 26.1 cavity resident 4 0.524 0.524 1 4.89 9.4 9.4 20 20 53 Muscisaxicola Cinnamon-bellied short-distance capistratus Ground-Tyrant 26.6 cavity migrant 3 0.524 0.524 1 4.33 13.9 13.9 53 53 69 Muscisaxicola Cinereous Ground- cinereus Tyrant 18.6 enclosed resident 2 0.524 0.524 1 3.57 17.8 17.8 149 149 62 Muscisaxicola juninensis Puna Ground-Tyrant 22.2 enclosed resident 2 0.524 0.524 1 3.89 20.2 20.2 68 68 49 Muscisaxicola Dark-faced Ground- short-distance maclovianus Tyrant 23.8 enclosed migrant 2.5 0.524 0.524 2 3.65 ± 0.38 9.3 9.3 84 84 22 Muscisaxicola Spot-billed Ground- maculirostris Tyrant 14.2 open resident 3 0.524 NA 4 2.02 ± 0.28 19.3 20.2 35 68 49, 79 Muscisaxicola Rufous-naped short-distance rufivertex Ground-Tyrant 20.0 cavity migrant 3 0.524 0.524 1 3.54 16.0 16.0 98 98 100 Black-tailed Myiobius atricaudus Flycatcher 10.0 enclosed resident 2 0.527 0.527 5 1.39 ± 0.09 19.2 27.5 32 60 54, 105, 106 Whiskered 35, 52, 55, Myiobius barbatus Flycatcher 11.5 enclosed resident 2 0.526 NA 6 1.53 ± 0.14 22.3 26.0 20 139 63, 107 Myiobius Sulphur-rumped sulphureipygius Flycatcher 12.0 enclosed resident 2 0.527 0.526 3 1.55 ± 0.10 22.3 26.5 32 43 75, 105, 106
5 Myiophobus Olive-chested 51, 64, 64, cryptoxanthus Flycatcher 11.0 open resident 2 0.525 0.523 4 1.59 ± 0.06 10.8 24.2 15 26 106 2, 10, 36, 39, 43, 51, 57, 58, 59, 60, 69, 73, 79, 80, 83, 86, 93, 102, Myiophobus Bran-colored 104, 105, fasciatus Flycatcher 10.3 open resident 2 0.524 0.524 28 1.67 ± 0.13 15.7 27.7 32 138 106 Myiotheretes fumigatus Smoky Bush-Tyrant 33.4 enclosed resident 2 0.524 0.524 1 3.55 17.8 17.8 19 19 110 Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventri Slaty-backed Chat- s Tyrant 11.9 open resident 2 0.525 NA 4 2.01 ± 0.02 9.8 23.9 20 73 50, 79, 102 Yellow-bellied Chat- 56, 79, 102, Ochthoeca diadema Tyrant 11.5 open resident 2 0.525 0.528 4 1.78 ± 0.19 9.8 23.9 20 89 112 Brown-backed Chat- Ochthoeca fumicolor Tyrant 16.6 open resident 2 0.525 0.525 3 2.41 ± 0.09 12.8 23.9 20 73 64, 79, 102 Ochthoeca White-browed Chat- leucophrys Tyrant 13.1 open resident 2 0.525 0.528 1 2.66 11.8 11.8 30 30 79 Ochthoeca d'Orbigny's Chat- oenanthoides Tyrant 17.7 cavity resident 2 0.525 0.525 2 2.35 ± 0.30 23.9 25.0 73 116 77, 79 8, 11, 15, 24, 29, 31, 35, 38, 42, 47, 48, 57, 60, 66, 68, 70, 71, 73, 79, 86, 94, 95, 97, 102, Pyrocephalus 103, 113, rubinus Vermilion Flycatcher 13.1 open resident 2.5 0.528 0.528 46 1.65 ± 0.17 11.8 28.7 30 138 115
6 Pyrrhomyias Cinnamon cinnamomeus Flycatcher 10.5 open resident 2 0.525 0.528 1 1.42 22.4 22.4 114 114 27 Yellow-browed short-distance 47, 48, 57, Satrapa icterophrys Tyrant 20.2 open migrant 3 NA NA 17 2.37 ± 0.32 20.9 25.4 90 131 68, 79, 86 3, 8, 11, 16, 33, 44, 75, 86, 87, 102, Sayornis nigricans Black Phoebe 18.7 open resident 4.5 0.526 0.524 14 2.15 ± 0.17 10.4 27.2 29 171 106, 116 short-distance Sayornis phoebe Eastern Phoebe 18.3 open migrant 5 0.526 0.524 4 2.27 ± 0.12 19.6 22.5 120 138 11, 23 medium/long- distance Sayornis saya Say's Phoebe 20.9 enclosed migrant 4.5 0.526 0.525 2 2.56 ± 0.42 8.6 21.7 75 102 11, 72 42, 57, 67, Xolmis cinereus Gray Monjita 57.6 open resident 2.5 0.524 0.524 9 5.68 ± 0.21 22.0 26.8 106 129 73, 83, 86 Black-crowned short-distance 57, 70, 71, Xolmis coronatus Monjita 47.0 open migrant 2.5 0.524 0.524 4 5.19 ± 0.86 22.1 23.5 44 130 88 Black-and-white Xolmis dominicanus Monjita 42.8 open resident 3.5 0.524 0.524 2 4.40 ± 0.21 19.2 22.8 124 131 37, 57 30, 42, 57, 63, 79, 86, Xolmis irupero White Monjita 29.8 cavity resident 3.5 0.524 0.522 13 3.60 ± 0.40 22.5 26.8 82 131 88
Xolmis pyrope Fire-eyed Diucon 38.3 open resident 3 0.524 0.524 8 4.52 ± 0.39 8.6 19.3 35 153 4, 32, 79, 86
Xolmis salinarum Salinas Monjita 25.1 open resident 2 0.524 0.527 1 3.63 26.5 26.5 85 85 26
7 Supporting references for clutch sizes, body masses, and egg measurements of Fluvicolinae in the New World.
Publication list of species average clutch sizes
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Greeney, H. F., Dobbs, R. C., Juiña J., M. F. and Lysinger, M. 2005. Nests and eggs of
Olive-chested Flycatcher (Myiophobus cryptoxanthus) in eastern Ecuador, with
comments on breeding of Bran-colored Flycatcher (M. fasciatus) in western
Ecuador. - Boletín de la Soceidad Antioqueña de Ornitología 15: 89–99.
Hannelly, E. C. and Greeney, H. F. 2008. Observations on the nestling and parental
care of the Yellow-bellied Chat-tyrant (Ochthoeca diadema) in eastern Ecuador.
- Ornitología Neotropical 19: 149–152.
Publication list of species body masses
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22 Journal of Avian Biology Supporting Information
Ecological and environmental factors related to variation in egg size of New World flycatchers
Neander M. Heming and Miguel Â. Marini
Appendix 2. Geographical variation of predictor variables used in the analyses.
Figure A1. Species richness maps by nest-type and migratory behaviour of Fluvicolinae species across the New World. Open (a), enclosed (b), and hole nesters (c) in the top row. Resident species (d), short-distance migrants (e), and medium/long-distance migrants (f) in the bottom row. Distribution data derived from BirdLife International (2011). We used only the breeding areas.
Figure A2. Maps of the environmental variables and clutch size of Fluvicolinae species across the New World used as predictors in the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) and model selection. a). Mean temperature during the warmest quarter (Bio10, ºC, Hijmans et al. 2005) as a proxy for mean temperature during the breeding season (TempBreed); b) annual range (max – min) of monthly actual evapotranspiration (mm, Ahn and Tateishi 1994) as a measure for actual evapotranspiration seasonality (AETseas), and: c) average clutch size across species occurring in each pixel. Distribution data derived from BirdLife International (2011). We used only the breeding areas. Journal of Avian Biology
Supporting Information
Ecological and environmental factors related to variation in egg size of New
World flycatchers
Neander M. Heming and Miguel Â. Marini
Appendix 3. Supporting result tables
Table A1. Ranking of 32 candidate models to test the ecological and environmental
relationships of Fluvicolinae egg size taken from the studies within the literature
conducted across the New World. Egg sizes were estimated using specific Kw
(correction factor) values, as described in “Egg size calculation” subsection of
“MATERIALS AND METHODS” section. Number of estimable parameters (K), second-
order Akaike’s information criterion values (AICc), AICc differences (∆AICc), AICc
Weights (Wi), and model likelihood (LL) are presented. Fixed variables considered
include migratory behaviour (Migratory), nest type (Nest), species’ typical clutch size
(Clutch), mean temperature during breeding season (TempBreed), and Actual
Evapotranspiration seasonality (AETseas). We used log(Body mass) as covariate and
species as random factor in all models.
Model K AICc ∆AICc Wi LL TempBreed+Migratory 5 -619.02 0.00 0.30 316.52 AETseas+TempBreed+Migratory 6 -617.45 1.57 0.14 316.74 TempBreed+Clutch+Migratory 6 -617.44 1.58 0.13 316.73 TempBreed+Migratory+Nest 7 -616.17 2.85 0.07 317.10
1 AETseas+TempBreed+Clutch+Migratory 7 -615.90 3.12 0.06 316.96 TempBreed+Clutch+Migratory+Nest 8 -615.34 3.68 0.05 317.68 TempBreed 3 -615.10 3.92 0.04 312.56 Migratory 4 -614.72 4.29 0.03 313.37 AETseas+TempBreed+Migratory+Nest 8 -614.67 4.35 0.03 317.35 AETseas+TempBreed+Clutch+Migratory+Nest 9 -613.93 5.09 0.02 317.98 TempBreed+Clutch 4 -613.47 5.55 0.02 312.75 AETseas+TempBreed 4 -613.45 5.57 0.02 312.74 Clutch+Migratory 5 -612.88 6.14 0.01 313.45 AETseas+Migratory 5 -612.73 6.28 0.01 313.38 AETseas+TempBreed+Clutch 5 -611.88 7.14 0.01 312.95 Migratory+Nest 6 -611.60 7.42 0.01 313.81 1 2 -611.50 7.52 0.01 309.76 TempBreed+Nest 5 -611.42 7.59 0.01 312.72 AETseas+Clutch+Migratory 6 -610.89 8.13 0.01 313.46 TempBreed+Clutch+Nest 6 -610.26 8.75 0.00 313.15 Clutch+Migratory+Nest 7 -610.15 8.87 0.00 314.09 AETseas+TempBreed+Nest 6 -609.79 9.23 0.00 312.91 Clutch 3 -609.62 9.40 0.00 309.82 AETseas+Migratory+Nest 7 -609.60 9.42 0.00 313.81 AETseas 3 -609.51 9.51 0.00 309.77 AETseas+TempBreed+Clutch+Nest 7 -608.73 10.28 0.00 313.38 AETseas+Clutch+Migratory+Nest 8 -608.15 10.86 0.00 314.09 Nest 4 -607.76 11.26 0.00 309.89 AETseas+Clutch 4 -607.62 11.40 0.00 309.82 Clutch+Nest 5 -606.11 12.90 0.00 310.07 AETseas+Nest 5 -605.76 13.25 0.00 309.89 AETseas+Clutch+Nest 6 -604.12 14.90 0.00 310.07
2 Table A2. Ranking of 32 candidate models to test the ecological and environmental
relationships of Fluvicolinae egg size taken from the studies within the literature
conducted across the New World. Egg sizes were estimated using Hoyt’s (1979)
method. Number of estimable parameters (K), second-order Akaike’s information
criterion values (AICc), AICc differences (∆AICc), AICc Weights (Wi), and model
likelihood (LL) are presented. Fixed variables considered include migratory behaviour
(Migratory), nest type (Nest), species’ typical clutch size (Clutch), mean temperature
during breeding season (TempBreed), and Actual Evapotranspiration seasonality
(AETseas). We used log(Body mass) as covariate and species as random factor in all
models.
Model K AICc ∆AICc Wi LL TempBreed+Migratory 5 -619.46 0.00 0.30 316.74 TempBreed+Clutch+Migratory 6 -618.04 1.42 0.15 317.03 AETseas+TempBreed+Migratory 6 -617.94 1.52 0.14 316.98 AETseas+TempBreed+Clutch+Migratory 7 -616.56 2.89 0.07 317.29 TempBreed+Migratory+Nest 7 -616.46 3.00 0.07 317.24 TempBreed+Clutch+Migratory+Nest 8 -615.79 3.67 0.05 317.91 TempBreed 3 -615.19 4.27 0.04 312.61 Migratory 4 -615.12 4.34 0.03 313.57 AETseas+TempBreed+Migratory+Nest 8 -615.00 4.46 0.03 317.51 AETseas+TempBreed+Clutch+Migratory+Nest 9 -614.44 5.02 0.02 318.23 TempBreed+Clutch 4 -613.66 5.80 0.02 312.84 AETseas+TempBreed 4 -613.60 5.85 0.02 312.82 Clutch+Migratory 5 -613.37 6.08 0.01 313.70 AETseas+Migratory 5 -613.12 6.34 0.01 313.57 AETseas+TempBreed+Clutch 5 -612.14 7.31 0.01 313.08 Migratory+Nest 6 -611.86 7.59 0.01 313.94
3 1 2 -611.51 7.95 0.01 309.77 TempBreed+Nest 5 -611.40 8.06 0.01 312.71 AETseas+Clutch+Migratory 6 -611.38 8.08 0.01 313.70 Clutch+Migratory+Nest 7 -610.52 8.93 0.00 314.27 TempBreed+Clutch+Nest 6 -610.29 9.16 0.00 313.16 AETseas+Migratory+Nest 7 -609.87 9.59 0.00 313.95 AETseas+TempBreed+Nest 6 -609.82 9.64 0.00 312.92 Clutch 3 -609.68 9.78 0.00 309.85 AETseas 3 -609.51 9.95 0.00 309.77 AETseas+TempBreed+Clutch+Nest 7 -608.84 10.62 0.00 313.43 AETseas+Clutch+Migratory+Nest 8 -608.53 10.93 0.00 314.28 AETseas+Clutch 4 -607.68 11.78 0.00 309.85 Nest 4 -607.67 11.79 0.00 309.85 Clutch+Nest 5 -606.05 13.40 0.00 310.04 AETseas+Nest 5 -605.67 13.79 0.00 309.85 AETseas+Clutch+Nest 6 -604.05 15.40 0.00 310.04
4 Table A3. Model averaged estimates (Estimate), unconditional standard errors (SE), profile likelihood 85% confidence intervals (CI), and importance (W) of the fixed effects across all generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) testing the variation of Fluvicolinae egg sizes taken from the studies within the literature conducted across the New World.
Fixed variables considered include migratory behaviour (Migratory), nest type (Nest), species average clutch size (Clutch), mean temperature during breeding season
(TempBreed), and Actual Evapotranspiration seasonality (AETseas). We used log(Body mass) as a covariate and species as a random factor in all models. Egg sizes were estimated using specific Kw (correction factor) values, as described in “Egg size calculation” subsection of “MATERIALS AND METHODS” section.
Variable Estimate SE CI lower CI upper W
Intercept -0.947 0.177 -1.201 -0.692
Short-distance migrants -0.025 0.030 -0.069 0.019 0.343
Medium/long-distance migrants 0.021 0.051 -0.052 0.094 0.197
Clutch 0.056 0.053 -0.020 0.132 0.197
Enclosed nesters 0.065 0.031 0.021 0.109 0.901
Hole nesters -0.075 0.053 -0.152 0.001 0.901
TempBreed -0.004 0.002 -0.007 -0.002 0.908
AETseas 0.00012 0.00019 -0.00015 0.00039 0.317
5 Table A4. Spatial autocorrelation analyses for residuals of Fluvicolinae egg size across the New World, showing distance classes, mean distance for each class (Distance
Center, km), number of connections used in each distance class (Count), and Moran’s I and P value for the averaged model.
Dist. Distance Count Moran's I P Class Center
1 247 14,070 0.060 0.005 2 653 14,354 0.011 0.286 3 990 13,854 -0.026 0.030 4 1,403 14,044 -0.059 0.005 5 2,051 14,080 0.018 0.131 6 2,924 14,034 -0.013 0.261 7 3,648 14,062 -0.002 0.839 8 4,100 14,064 -0.026 0.030 9 4,463 14,014 -0.005 0.628 10 4,853 14,070 -0.006 0.593 11 5,424 14,080 0.019 0.065 12 6,717 14,084 -0.002 0.864 13 8,068 14,058 -0.027 0.025 14 8,772 14,092 -0.027 0.045 15 9,413 14,078 0.091 0.005 16 11,587 14,038 -0.040 0.010
6