Incoming Student Handbook 2014 – 2015 Table of Contents
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Iceland Can Be Considered Volcanologist “Heaven”
Iceland can be considered volcanologist “heaven” 1) Sub-aerial continuation of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 2) Intersection of a mantle plume with a spreading ocean ridge 3) Volcanism associated with tectonic rifting 4) Sub-glacial volcanism 5) Tertiary flood (plateau) basalts 6) Bi-modal volcanism 7) Submarine volcanism 8) 18 historically active volcanoes 9) Eruptions roughly every 5 years 1. The North Atlantic opened about 54 Ma separating Greenland from Europe. 2. Spreading was initially along the now extinct Agir ridge (AER). 3. The Icelandic plume was under Greenland at that time. 4. The Greenland – Faeroe ridge represents the plume track during the history of the NE Atlantic. Kolbeinsey ridge (KR) 5. During the last 20 Ma the Reykjanes Ridge (RR) Icelandic rift zones have migrated eastward, stepwise, maintaining their position near the plume 6. The plume center is thought to be beneath Vatnajökull 1 North Rift Zone – currently active East Rift Zone – currently active West Rift Zone – last erupted about 1000-1300 AD [Also eastern (Oræfajökull) and western (Snæfellsnese) flank zones] Rift zones comprise en-echelon basaltic fissure swarms 5-15 km wide and up to 200 km long. Over time these fissures swarms develop a volcanic center, eventually maturing into a central volcano with a caldera and silicic Tertiary volcanics > 3.1 Ma volcanism Late Tertiary to Early Quaternary 3.1 – 0.7 Ma Neo-volcanic zone <0.7 - present Schematic representation of Iceland’s mantle plume. The crust is about 35 – 40 km thick Iceland’s mantle plume has been tomographically imaged down to 400 km. Some claim even deeper, through the transition zone, and down to the core – mantle boundary. -
The Eruption on Heimaey, Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland
Man Against Volcano: The Eruption on Heimaey, Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland This booklet was originally published in 1976 under the title "Man Against Volcano: The Eruption on Heimaey, Vestmann Islands, Iceland." The revised second edition was published in 1983. This PDF file is a recreation of the 1983 booklet. Cover photograph: View looking southeast along streets covered by tephra (volcanic ash) in Vestmannaeyjar: Eldfell volcano (in background) is erupting and fountaining lava. View of Heimaey before the eruption: Town of Vestmannaeyjar with Helgafell in the right back- ground (photo courtesy of Sólarfilma). Man Against Volcano: The Eruption on Heimaey, Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland by Richard S. Williams, Jr., and James G. Moore Preface The U.S. Geological Survey carries out scientific studies in the geological, hydrological, and cartographic sciences generally within the 50 States and its territories or trusteeships, but also in cooperation with scientific organizations in many foreign countries for the investigation of unusual earth sciences phenome- na throughout the world. In 1983, the U.S. Geological Survey had 57 active sci- entific exchange agreements with 24 foreign countries, and 47 scientific exchange agreements were pending with 30 foreign countries. The following material discusses the impact of the 1973 volcanic eruption of Eldfell on the fishing port of Vestmannaeyjar on the island of Heimaey, Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland. Before the eruption was over, approximately one-third of the town of Vestmannaeyjar had been obliterated, but, more importantly, the potential damage probably was reduced by the spraying of seawater onto the advancing lava flows, causing them to be slowed, stopped, or diverted from the undamaged portion of the town. -
The Best of Iceland
04_178416-ch01.qxp 5/29/08 8:59 AM Page 1 1 The Best of Iceland On each trip to Iceland, we are always struck by how often other travelers are—or intend to be—repeat visitors. Many come year after year, never exhausting Iceland’s endless variations of magnificent scenery and adventure. Returning travelers immedi- ately recognize the crisp, invigorating polar air, and what W. H. Auden called “the most magical light of anywhere on earth.” Iceland’s astonishing beauty often has an austere, primitive, or surreal cast that arouses reverence, wonderment, mystery, and awe. Lasting impressions could include a lone tuft of wildflowers amid a bleak desert moonscape or a fantastical promenade of icebergs calved into a lake from a magisterial glacier. The Icelandic people—freedom-loving, egalitarian, self-reliant, and worldly—are equally exceptional. They established a parliamentary democracy over a millennium ago, and today write, publish, purchase, and read more books per capita than any peo- ple on earth. Reykjavík, their capital, has become one of the world’s most fashionable urban hot spots. In November 2007, the U.N. named Iceland the world’s best coun- try to live in, based on life expectancy, education levels, medical care, income, and other criteria. 1 The Best Natural Wonders • Glymur: Iceland’s tallest waterfall is • Blue Lagoon: The central activity nimble and graceful: Streamlets at this spa—Iceland’s top tourist descend like ribbons of a maypole attraction—is bathing in a shallow, into a fathomless canyon mantled in opaque, blue-green lagoon amid a bird nests and lush mosses. -
Icelandic Seafood and Fishing Industry Innovation - Seafood Software Solutions - Smart Solutions
April // 2013 CoolCool Icelandic Seafood and Fishing Industry Innovation - seafood software solutions - smart solutions seafood solutions FIND US AT BOOTH 6127-2 EUROPEAN SEAFOODHALL 4 EXPOSITION, BRUSSEL APRIL 23RD - 25TH Wise Fishing Wise Processing Wise Trade Wise Quality Wise Peripherals Wise Aquaculture Wise Analyzer Wise Cubes Wise Reports Wise Dynamics Wise Contracts Wise Government Wise Jobs Wise Subscription 2 Wise is an Independent Software Vendor (ISV) for Wise solutions combine the best of standard Microsoft Microsoft Dynamics NAV and a Microsoft Gold Partner. Dynamics NAV with specialty add-on solutions. Founded in 1995, Wise has become one of the largest Under the Wise Dynamics umbrella is a wide range of resellers of Dynamics NAV in Iceland, oering a wide solutions that oer seafood industry-focused packages, range of business solutions for the international markets. business intelligence solutions and analytical tools. TM Borgartún 26, 105 Reykjavík » Hafnarstræti 102, 600 Akureyri Gold Enterprise Resource Planning tel: +354 545 3200 » [email protected] » www.wise.is Silver Independent Software Vendor (ISV) Codland – 100% utilisation New ideas for extracting additional value products. Haustak’s origins go back to 1999 from seafood of are constantly popping up and it is owned by two of Iceland’s best in Iceland’s fisheries sector. Many known seafood companies, Vísir hf and enterprising young companies have in the Thorbjörn hf. last few years and decades been able to build on smart thinking with solid Arnar Jónsson and Haukur Már Gestsson, marketing to give them a market foothold. project managers at the Iceland Ocean Now another green shoots company, Cluster, have both worked extensively on Codland, born of ambitious innovation and improving additional value from seafood. -
Iceland Living in a Plate Tectonic Boundary
Iceland Living in a plate tectonic boundary https://grapevine.is/n ews/2021/05/18/lava -knocking-at-your- back-door/ https://www.agu.org/meetings/chapman/2012/bcal l/pdf/Chapman_Outline_of_Geology_of_Iceland.pdf Accessed 1/4/2018 Iceland is oceanic crust; it is the subaerial part of the Iceland Basalt Plateau (IBP) • The IBP • Rises > 3000 m above the sea floor • Covers 350,000 km2 • 30% is above sea level • A 50 – 200 km-wide shelf slopes gently to depths of ~ 400m before dropping into the abyss • All of the rocks in Iceland are younger than 25 million years • The oldest rocks exposed at the surface in Iceland are 14 – 16 million years old. • Erosion removes ~ 1 million cubic meters/year • Volcanism and sedimentation more than counter-balance that erosion Postglacial_volcanism _in_Iceland.pdf Accessed 4/4/2021 • RR, Reykjanes Ridge; • RVB, Reykjanes Volcanic Belt; SISZ, South Iceland • Seismic Zone; • WVZ, West Volcanic Zone; • MIB, Mid-Iceland Belt; • EVZ, East Volcanic Zone; • NVZ, North Volcanic • Zone; • TFZ, Tjörnes Fracture Zone; KR, Kolbeinsey Ridge; Mantle Plume • • ÖVB, Öræfi Volcanic Belt; SVB, Snæfellsnes Volcanic Belt Distribution of active volcanic systems among volcanic zones/belts Thordarson, T and A. Hoskuldssom.2014. Classic Geology of Europe 3: Iceland. Dunedin Academic Press Ltd. Pahoehoe/helluhraun lavas form from very fluid magma. A’a/apalhraun lavas may form from more viscous magmas. Flows may change from aa to pahoehoe as they cool. Thordarson, T and A. Hoskuldssom.2014. Classic Geology of Effusive eruptions occur when lava pours out from a fissure or Europe 3: Iceland. cone and flows across the surface as coherent bodies of lava. -
I Have Been Drawn to Vestmannaeyjar Ever Since I First Saw Those Mysterious Island Shapes Shimmering on the Horizon, on My First Short Trip to Iceland in 2006
I have been drawn to Vestmannaeyjar ever since I first saw those mysterious island shapes shimmering on the horizon, on my first short trip to Iceland in 2006. It was like a force of nature that couldn’t be denied. I just had to go there. When I returned in August 2007 for a longer trip with more time to explore, those islands were first on my list. Sailing into Heimaey harbour, through a narrow opening surrounded by a jumbled chain of steep cliffs on one side, and a huge field of intimidating lava flows on the other side is just mind-blowing. But for this trip, I specifically chose to fly in on a small airplane from Reykjavík domestic airpoirt for added excitement. Arriving on Vestmannaeyjar from the air has to be one of the most spectacular flying experiences you can imagine. As the plane approaches, it flies closely over those cliffs steeply jutting out of the sea, and circles around them while making sharp turns to decend quickly on the short landing strip before it runs out into the ocean. I knew straight away that this was one of those places I would want to come back to, and that it wouldn’t be the last time I visited. It was beautiful beyond belief. I was in a constant state of natural high, and the ridiculous smile it induced never left my face during the 2 days I spent there. The islands were coughed up from the sea in a series of eruptions from the hotspot that flows underneath, which continues to create more additions at irregular intervals. -
REGIONAL ECONOMIC and SOCIAL RESILIENCE: an Exploratory In-Depth Study in the Nordic Countries
REGIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RESILIENCE: An Exploratory In-Depth Study in the Nordic Countries By Alberto Giacometti and Jukka Teräs NORDREGIO REPORT 2019:2 nordregio report 2019:2 1 REGIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RESILIENCE: An Exploratory In-Depth Study in the Nordic Countries By Alberto Giacometti and Jukka Teräs NORDREGIO REPORT 2019:2 Prepared on behalf of the Nordic thematic group for innovative and resilient regions 2017–2020, under the Nordic Council of Ministers Committee of Civil Servants for Regional Affairs. Regional Economic and Social Resilience: An Exploratory In-Depth Study in the Nordic Countries Nordregio Report 2019:2 ISBN 978-91-87295-66-9 ISSN 1403-2503 DOI: doi.org/10.30689/R2019:2.1403-2503 © Nordregio 2019 Nordregio P.O. Box 1658 SE-111 86 Stockholm, Sweden [email protected] www.nordregio.org www.norden.org Analyses and text: Alberto Giacometti and Jukka Teräs Contributors: Eeva Turunen, Mari Wøien, Hjördís Rut Sigurjónsdóttir, Lise Smed Olsen (Oxford Research), Liisa Perjo, Giuseppe Innocente, Viktor Salenius, Laura Fagerlund Nordregio is a leading Nordic and European research centre for regional development and planning, established by the Nordic Council of Ministers in 1997. We conduct solution-oriented and applied research, addressing current issues from both a research perspective and the viewpoint of policymakers and practitioners. Operating at the international, national, regional and local levels, Nordregio’s research covers a wide geographic scope, with an emphasis on the Nordic and Baltic Sea Regions, Europe and the Arctic. The Nordic co-operation Nordic co-operation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland. -
Stofnvöktun Lunda 2018
STOFNVÖKTUN LUNDA 2018 Framvinduskýrsla til Umhverfisstofnunar Erpur Snær Hansen Desember 2018 Stofnvöktun lunda – Framvinduskýrsla 2018 ÁGRIP Lundi er algengastur og mest veiddur íslenskra fugla. Næstum allur lundi er nú veiddur í háf á varptíma og varð háfaveiði ríkjandi veiðiaðferð í Vestmannaeyjum um 1880 [1]. Þar hefur veiðimagn verið tengt sjávarhita frá 1880 [2]. Skiptast á hlý- og köld tímabil sem vara í um 35 ár, og hefur veiði hnignað á hlýskeiðunum en aukist á kaldskeiðum [2]. Núverandi hlýskeið hófst 1996 og hefur veiði á landsvísu dregist saman um 91% síðan 1995, en samdrátturinn 1995-2007 nemur 66 prósentustigum, þ.e. áður en dregið var úr sókn. Viðkoma, varpárangur og ábúð varphola hefur verið mjög breytileg milli fjögurra skilgreindra landsvæða, hæst á norðursvæði og fremur stöðug milli ára. Á Vestursvæði hafa orðið mestar breytingar, en þar hefur viðkoma, varpárangur og ábúð aukist mikið þar til síðustu tvö ár að bakslag hefur komið. Sandsíli hefur talsvert sést í fæðuburði síðust tvö ár, mest í Faxaflóa. Svo virðist sem sílið nái ekki að fjölga nægjanlega mikið til að ná fyrri stöðu sinni. Í Papey hefur viðkoma, varpárangur og ábúð verið á hægri niðurleið eftir núll-árin 2010 og 2011. Meðal viðkoma og varpárangur hafa verið lægst í Vestmannaeyjum, en meðal ábúð hin sama og á vestursvæði eða 25-30% lægri en á norður- og austursvæðunum. Viðkoma í Eyjum hefur verið svo lítil allt frá árinu 2003 að íslenski lundastofninn hefur verið í rénun síðan þá. Hlutfall ungfugla í veiði 1996-2018 hefur verið tölfræðilega marktækt undir viðmiðunarmörkum, en aukist verulega síðustu tvö ár. -
History, Landscape and National Identity : a Comparative Study of Contemporary English and Icelandic Literature for Children Pálsdóttir, A.H
History, landscape and national identity : a comparative study of contemporary English and Icelandic literature for children Pálsdóttir, A.H. Submitted version deposited in CURVE June 2012 Original citation: Pálsdóttir, A.H. (2002) History, landscape and national identity : a comparative study of contemporary English and Icelandic literature for children. Unpublished PhD Thesis. Coventry: University College Worcester In collaboration with Coventry University. Copyright © and Moral Rights are retained by the author. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This item cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder(s). The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Some materials have been removed from this thesis due to third party copyright. Pages where material has been removed are clearly marked in the electronic version. The unabridged version of the thesis can be viewed at the Lanchester Library, Coventry University. CURVE is the Institutional Repository for Coventry University http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open HISTORY, LANDSCAPE AND NATIONAL IDENTITY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH AND ICELANDIC LITERATURE FOR CHILDREN ANNA HEIDA PALSDOTTIR A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Coventry for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy APRIL 2002 University College -
Introduction Itinerary
THE ARCTIC - CIRCUMNAVIGATION OF ICELAND TRIP CODE ABACCIC DEPARTURE 02/06/2020 DURATION 8 Days INTRODUCTION LOCATIONS Experience the high splendor of Iceland on this incredible expedition. On board the Ocean Iceland Atlantic you will visit incredible locations unreachable by land. From lowlands to glacier ice, we will see the entire coast of Iceland with unforgettable experiences both on the mainland and on the many islands where seals and puffin seabirds gather. Take a dive into saga history as you visit isolated islands, cozy towns and stand on shores of black lava sand. ITINERARY DAY 1: Arrival to Reykjavik After boarding and a welcome drink, the Expedition Leader will inform you about the voyage, the ship's daily routines and the various security and safety procedures. Before sailing, there will be a mandatory safety drill. The Captain takes the ship out of Reykjavík in the early evening, heading for the south coast. Copyright Chimu Adventures. All rights reserved 2020. Chimu Adventures PTY LTD THE ARCTIC - CIRCUMNAVIGATION OF ICELAND DAY 2: Westman Islands and Unesco Heritage TRIP CODE Sites The Westman Islands were on the headlines of the ABACCIC world press in January 1973, when a volcano erupted in the Heimaey island. All 5,000 DEPARTURE inhabitants evacuated, but most have now returned, and today the population is about 4,000. The Westman Islands are only 14 kilometers off 02/06/2020 the southwest coast of Iceland and consist of 15 green small islands and about 30 moorings. When DURATION you go sailing, you can see the islands steep and grateful profiles in clear weather from a long 8 Days distance. -
Exploring Europe
EXPLORING EUROPE DISCOVER UNKNOWN FACETS OF BELOVED DESTINATIONS TAKE THE SEA ROUTE TO SEE WHAT FEW CAN WITH SPECIAL OFFERS 2020 VOYAGES | EXPEDITIONS.COM This season, navigate Europe aboard Lord of the Glens, National Geographic Explorer, and the newest ship in our fleet, National Geographic Endurance. Supremely comfortable with lots of outdoor space for observing the passing scenes, and as few as 48 guests to a still intimate 148, each is more yachtlike in scale making Europe exceptionally rewarding. Our ships give us the flexibility to explore anywhere, from tiny islands in the Swedish archipelago, to charming villages or the slenderest Norwegian fjords, and through the very heart of Scotland. You’ll enter Europe through the front door, so to speak, greeting each new location in the time-honored way. Each of the itineraries featured here contains a sequence and rhythm that is the antithesis of rushed or consumption-oriented. While many of the sites we visit are in one sense already discovered, we as individuals might not have had the pleasure. Our expedition teams, including the historians and other experts who enhance your experience, are committed to doing whatever it takes to make your experience unforgettable. Our hotel staff is keenly aware that in Europe, cuisine is an essential part of the experience. They offer culinary experiences that consistently earn rave reviews. We invite you to take the opportunity our Europe expeditions offer you to be transformed—by the simple act of having traveled, reflected, and absorbed remarkable places and the nature that formed them. Cover: Neist Point Lighthouse on the Isle of Skye, Scotland. -
Our Iceland Journey by Lorraine Wieskamp, Edited Our Journey to Iceland Is Underway
Our Iceland Journey by Lorraine Wieskamp, edited Our journey to Iceland is underway. Our flight to Reykjavik had us arriving on a very bleak, overcast day. After breakfast and a brief nap we met our group for lunch and a tour of Old Town. This included a stop at the Hallgrimskirkja Lutheran Cathedral with its 210-foot tower with an incredible pipe organ inside. We then proceeded to the National Museum for a tour and later, headed to our ship for boarding. And we are constantly reminded that we are not on a “cruise” but on an “expedition”! Day 2 - Our first zodiac ride and “wet” landing! A wet landing is when you actually climb off the zodiacs into the water of anything from about six inches to 12 inches deep. Our wetsuits and mud boots definitely were essential! Our destination was Flatey, one of the largest of the thousands of islands in Breidafjord, and an important trading post during the Middle Ages. A monastery, founded in 1172, made Flatey the center of culture and education in Iceland until the middle of the 19th century. Even after it was moved to Helgafell the cultural influence of Flatey did not diminish. On Flatey we trekked to the old Freezer House for an entertaining musical performance by a Russian musician. He tells the story of Iceland through ballads and stories of love, tragedy, sadness, and redemption in a harsh and hostile climate. A beautiful church built in 1926 features a wonderful mural by the Spanish artist Baltasar. The hamlet which developed on the island is mostly intact.