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Iceland Can Be Considered Volcanologist “Heaven”
Iceland can be considered volcanologist “heaven” 1) Sub-aerial continuation of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 2) Intersection of a mantle plume with a spreading ocean ridge 3) Volcanism associated with tectonic rifting 4) Sub-glacial volcanism 5) Tertiary flood (plateau) basalts 6) Bi-modal volcanism 7) Submarine volcanism 8) 18 historically active volcanoes 9) Eruptions roughly every 5 years 1. The North Atlantic opened about 54 Ma separating Greenland from Europe. 2. Spreading was initially along the now extinct Agir ridge (AER). 3. The Icelandic plume was under Greenland at that time. 4. The Greenland – Faeroe ridge represents the plume track during the history of the NE Atlantic. Kolbeinsey ridge (KR) 5. During the last 20 Ma the Reykjanes Ridge (RR) Icelandic rift zones have migrated eastward, stepwise, maintaining their position near the plume 6. The plume center is thought to be beneath Vatnajökull 1 North Rift Zone – currently active East Rift Zone – currently active West Rift Zone – last erupted about 1000-1300 AD [Also eastern (Oræfajökull) and western (Snæfellsnese) flank zones] Rift zones comprise en-echelon basaltic fissure swarms 5-15 km wide and up to 200 km long. Over time these fissures swarms develop a volcanic center, eventually maturing into a central volcano with a caldera and silicic Tertiary volcanics > 3.1 Ma volcanism Late Tertiary to Early Quaternary 3.1 – 0.7 Ma Neo-volcanic zone <0.7 - present Schematic representation of Iceland’s mantle plume. The crust is about 35 – 40 km thick Iceland’s mantle plume has been tomographically imaged down to 400 km. Some claim even deeper, through the transition zone, and down to the core – mantle boundary. -
Scottish Birds 37:3 (2017)
Contents Scottish Birds 37:3 (2017) 194 President’s Foreword J. Main PAPERS 195 Potential occurrence of the Long-tailed Skua subspecies Stercorarius longicaudus pallescens in Scotland C.J. McInerny & R.Y. McGowan 202 Amendments to The Scottish List: species and subspecies The Scottish Birds Records Committee 205 The status of the Pink-footed Goose at Cameron Reservoir, Fife from 1991/92 to 2015/16: the importance of regular monitoring A.W. Brown 216 Montagu’s Harrier breeding in Scotland - some observations on the historical records from the 1950s in Perthshire R.L. McMillan SHORT NOTES 221 Scotland’s Bean Geese and the spring 2017 migration C. Mitchell, L. Griffin, A. MacIver & B. Minshull 224 Scoters in Fife N. Elkins OBITUARIES 226 Sandy Anderson (1927–2017) A. Duncan & M. Gorman 227 Lance Leonard Joseph Vick (1938–2017) I. Andrews, J. Ballantyne & K. Bowler ARTICLES, NEWS & VIEWS 229 The conservation impacts of intensifying grouse moor management P.S. Thompson & J.D. Wilson 236 NEWS AND NOTICES 241 Memories of the three St Kilda visitors in July 1956 D.I.M. Wallace, D.G. Andrew & D. Wilson 244 Where have all the Merlins gone? A lament for the Lammermuirs A.W. Barker, I.R. Poxton & A. Heavisides 251 Gannets at St Abb’s Head and Bass Rock J. Cleaver 254 BOOK REVIEWS 256 RINGERS' ROUNDUP Iain Livingstone 261 The identification of an interesting Richard’s Pipit on Fair Isle in June 2016 I.J. Andrews 266 ‘Canada Geese’ from Canada: do we see vagrants of wild birds in Scotland? J. Steele & J. -
Tel Aviv, Exploring the “Start Up” Economy Israel Is Famous For, and Learning About the Birth of the Jewish State
What is behind the scenes of a small country constantly in the headlines? Tour Dates: Israel is a place of contradictions: an ancient land with the newest technology; a tiny Oct. 19 ‐ Nov. 2, 2020 state with immigrants from dozens of countries; a haven for the Jewish people and a Jordan and Petra Extension: home for Muslims, Christians and Druse; a country small in area with an astounding array of flora and fauna. Join us on this 14‐day trip to explore, encounter and understand Nov. 2 ‐ 6, 2020 Israel. We start in Jerusalem, the place the ancients described as the center of the world. We Tour Cost: will have in‐depth tours of the Old City and its holy sites, and visit the modern Israeli institutions of government and culture. $5,300.00 Continuing to the magnificent Judean desert, we will enter the home of Herod’s Single supplement: mountain fortress, Masada. Trips to Gush Etzion, Hebron, Bethlehem and Samaria will $1100.00 reveal the Biblical heartland as well as places that are sources of conflict in modern times. Continue on to the north of the country to explore the birthplaces of Christianity and of Jordan and Petra Extension: Jewish mysticism. Archaeological sites are everywhere! We will also immerse ourselves $1790.00 in the beautiful landscapes, and learn that the land of Israel sits at the crossroads of three continents, and in the middle of multiple cultures. Single supplement: $380.00 We end our trip in the metropolis of Tel Aviv, exploring the “start up” economy Israel is famous for, and learning about the birth of the Jewish state. -
Northern Europe & British Isles Expedition Cruise
DUBLIN TO REYKJAVIK: NORTHERN EUROPE & BRITISH ISLES EXPEDITION CRUISE Experience how different and yet how beautiful three countries can be on this journey through Scotland, the Faroe Islands and Iceland. We will sail from Ireland's capital to Iceland's capital, Dublin to Reykjavik, with stops in Scotland and the Faroe Islands. The voyage starts with Iona and Lunga in Scotland and seeing the UNESCO World Heritage site of St. Kilda. Via the Orkneys and Shetland Islands with their UNESCO World Heritage Sites we head for the Faroe Islands and Iceland, looking for puffins, gannets and guillemots. In Iceland there will be time to explore the volcanic landscapes and to watch for whales. Throughout the voyage, learn about the history, geology, wildlife and botany of these naturally beautiful locations from lecture presentations offered by your knowledgeable onboard Expedition Team. ITINERARY Day 1 DUBLIN Ask any Dubliner what's happening and you may hear echoes of one of W. B. Yeats's most-quoted lines: "All changed, changed utterly." No matter that the decade-long "Celtic Tiger" boom era has been quickly followed by the Great Recession--for visitors Dublin remains one of Western Europe's most popular and delightful urban destinations. Whether or not you're out to enjoy the old or new Dublin, you'll find it a colossally entertaining city, all the more astonishing considering its intimate size. Day 2 IONA 01432 507 280 (within UK) [email protected] | small-cruise-ships.com around six hundred years, was the northern outpost of the Dalriadic Scots. The thriving port of Mallaig is situated on the With a population of 120 residents, Iona is Located off the North West coast of Scotland. -
Aliyah and Settlement Process?
Jewish Women in Pre-State Israel HBI SERIES ON JEWISH WOMEN Shulamit Reinharz, General Editor Joyce Antler, Associate Editor Sylvia Barack Fishman, Associate Editor The HBI Series on Jewish Women, created by the Hadassah-Brandeis Institute, pub- lishes a wide range of books by and about Jewish women in diverse contexts and time periods. Of interest to scholars and the educated public, the HBI Series on Jewish Women fills major gaps in Jewish Studies and in Women and Gender Studies as well as their intersection. For the complete list of books that are available in this series, please see www.upne.com and www.upne.com/series/BSJW.html. Ruth Kark, Margalit Shilo, and Galit Hasan-Rokem, editors, Jewish Women in Pre-State Israel: Life History, Politics, and Culture Tova Hartman, Feminism Encounters Traditional Judaism: Resistance and Accommodation Anne Lapidus Lerner, Eternally Eve: Images of Eve in the Hebrew Bible, Midrash, and Modern Jewish Poetry Margalit Shilo, Princess or Prisoner? Jewish Women in Jerusalem, 1840–1914 Marcia Falk, translator, The Song of Songs: Love Lyrics from the Bible Sylvia Barack Fishman, Double or Nothing? Jewish Families and Mixed Marriage Avraham Grossman, Pious and Rebellious: Jewish Women in Medieval Europe Iris Parush, Reading Jewish Women: Marginality and Modernization in Nineteenth-Century Eastern European Jewish Society Shulamit Reinharz and Mark A. Raider, editors, American Jewish Women and the Zionist Enterprise Tamar Ross, Expanding the Palace of Torah: Orthodoxy and Feminism Farideh Goldin, Wedding Song: Memoirs of an Iranian Jewish Woman Elizabeth Wyner Mark, editor, The Covenant of Circumcision: New Perspectives on an Ancient Jewish Rite Rochelle L. -
Layout 1 Copy
STACK ROCK 2020 An illustrated guide to sea stack climbing in the UK & Ireland - Old Harry - - Old Man of Stoer - - Am Buachaille - - The Maiden - - The Old Man of Hoy - - over 200 more - Edition I - version 1 - 13th March 1994. Web Edition - version 1 - December 1996. Web Edition - version 2 - January 1998. Edition 2 - version 3 - January 2002. Edition 3 - version 1 - May 2019. Edition 4 - version 1 - January 2020. Compiler Chris Mellor, 4 Barnfield Avenue, Shirley, Croydon, Surrey, CR0 8SE. Tel: 0208 662 1176 – E-mail: [email protected]. Send in amendments, corrections and queries by e-mail. ISBN - 1-899098-05-4 Acknowledgements Denis Crampton for enduring several discussions in which the concept of this book was developed. Also Duncan Hornby for information on Dorset’s Old Harry stacks and Mick Fowler for much help with some of his southern and northern stack attacks. Mike Vetterlein contributed indirectly as have Rick Cummins of Rock Addiction, Rab Anderson and Bruce Kerr. Andy Long from Lerwick, Shetland. has contributed directly with a lot of the hard information about Shetland. Thanks are also due to Margaret of the Alpine Club library for assistance in looking up old journals. In late 1996 Ben Linton, Ed Lynch-Bell and Ian Brodrick undertook the mammoth scanning and OCR exercise needed to transfer the paper text back into computer form after the original electronic version was lost in a disk crash. This was done in order to create a world-wide web version of the guide. Mike Caine of the Manx Fell and Rock Club then helped with route information from his Manx climbing web site. -
The Surtsey 1963 Eruption Plume, Characteristics and Tephra Dispersal
Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 21, EGU2019-17144, 2019 EGU General Assembly 2019 © Author(s) 2019. CC Attribution 4.0 license. The Surtsey 1963 eruption plume, characteristics and tephra dispersal Einar Sindri Ólafsson (1), Magnus T Guðmundsson (2), and Esther R. Guðmundsdóttir (3) (1) Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland ([email protected]), (2) Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland ([email protected]), (3) Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland ([email protected]) Surtsey is a basaltic island in the south-western end of Vestmannaeyjar archipelago off the south coast of Iceland and is a part of the Vestmannaeyjar volcanic system. It is built from the ocean floor at about 130 m depth in a series of eruptions during 1963-1967, one of the longest eruption in Iceland in historical times. The eruptions can be split into four phases. The first phase of the eruptions was explosive and phreatomagmatic in character. The aim of this study is to put constraints on the mass of tephra transported with the plume. This is done in two ways: (1) Study soil profiles on Heimaey and on the mainland to look for tephra deposits from Surtsey as well as note contemporary descriptions of tephra fallout; and (2) by compiling existing contemporary records of plume height and use plume height – mass transport systematics to estimate the transport. Finally, we compare the outcomes of (1) and (2). Eruption started on 14 November 1963. It was explosive and fed an eruption plume rising typically to 5-9 km in November and December 1963. -
Subglacial and Submarine Volcanism in Iceland
Mars Polar Science 2000 4078.pdf SUBGLACIAL AND SUBMARINE VOLCANISM IN ICELAND. S. P. Jakobsson, Icelandic Inst. of Natural His- tory, P. O. Box 5320, 125 Reykjavik, Iceland Introduction: Iceland is the largest landmass ex- mounds, ridges and tuyas [5]. The thickness of basal posed along the Mid-Ocean Ridge System. It has been basaltic pillow lava piles often exceeds 60-80 meters constructed over the past 16 Ma by basaltic to silicic and a 300 m thick section has been reported. Pillow volcanic activity occurring at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, lavas may also form lenses or pods at a higher level in and is topographically elevated because of the abundant the volcanoes. igneous material produced in association with the Ice- It has been suggested that at a water depth less than land hot spot, the center of which is thought to be lo- approximately 100-150 m, basaltic phreatic explosions cated beneath Vatnajokull glacier [1]. The axial rift produce hydroclastites. It appears feasible to subdivide zones which run through Iceland from southwest to the hyaloclastites of the Icelandic ridges and tuyas, ge- northeast are in direct continuation of the crestal zones netically into two main types. A substantial part of the of the Mid Atlantic Ridge and are among the most ac- base of the submarine Surtsey tuya is poorly bedded, tive volcanic zones on Earth. unsorted, hydroclastite, which probably was quenched Subglacial Volcanism: Volcanic accumulations of and rapidly accumulated below the seawater level with- hyaloclastites which are deposits formed by the intru- out penetrating the surface [6]. Only 1-2 % of the vol- sion of lava beneath water or ice and the consequent ume of extruded material in the 1996 Gjalp eruption fell shattering into small angular vitric particles, combined as air-fall tephra, the bulk piled up below the ice [4]. -
Norwegian Fjords and Scottish Isles
NORWEGIAN FJORDS AND SCOTTISH ISLES On a voyage aboard the new National Geographic Endurance, sail across the North Sea in the wake of legendary explorers and seafarers, traveling from Norway’s breathtaking fjords and snow-dusted mountains to Scotland’s rolling green hills and ancient ruins. Glide beneath the dramatic cliffs of the second largest fjord in Norway, explore the rich traditions and evocative seascapes of the Shetland Islands, and travel back in time amid the Stone Age sites of the Orkney Islands. With our knowledgeable expedition team, encounter an interwoven tapestry of histories and cultures as we explore on foot, by kayak, and by Zodiac. ITINERARY DAY 1: Bergen, Norway Arrive in the coastal city of Bergen, the gateway to the fjords. Discover the city’s maritime history on a tour of Bryggen—the colorful old wharf and a designated UNESCO World Heritage site. Later, embark our ship. (L,D) DAY 2: Hardangerfjorden Norway’s glacier-carved western coast boasts some of the most dramatic landscapes in the world. Launch kayaks and Zodiacs to explore the sublime Hardangerfjorden, the second longest fjord in the country and the fourth longest in the world. Cruise beneath staggering cliffs and rushing waterfalls. Then venture ashore to hike or bike against a backdrop of snow-dusted 01432 507 280 (within UK) [email protected] | small-cruise-ships.com mountains, emerald valleys, and fruit orchards. (B,L,D) heather-covered hills. Weather permitting, paddle the scenic coastline by kayak or cruise in a Zodiac to the farthest northern DAY 3: Hidra/At Sea lighthouse in the U.K. -
Origin of the Sinai-Negev Erg, Egypt and Israel: Mineralogical and Geochemical Evidence for the Importance of the Nile and Sea Level History Daniel R
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USGS Staff -- ubP lished Research US Geological Survey 2013 Origin of the Sinai-Negev erg, Egypt and Israel: mineralogical and geochemical evidence for the importance of the Nile and sea level history Daniel R. Muhs U.S. Geological Survey, [email protected] Joel Roskin Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Haim Tsoar Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Gary Skipp U.S. Geological Survey, [email protected] James Budahn U.S. Geological Survey See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub Part of the Geology Commons, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons, Other Earth Sciences Commons, and the Other Environmental Sciences Commons Muhs, Daniel R.; Roskin, Joel; Tsoar, Haim; Skipp, Gary; Budahn, James; Sneh, Amihai; Porat, Naomi; Stanley, Jean-Daniel; Katra, Itzhak; and Blumberg, Dan G., "Origin of the Sinai-Negev erg, Egypt and Israel: mineralogical and geochemical evidence for the importance of the Nile and sea level history" (2013). USGS Staff -- Published Research. 931. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/931 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Geological Survey at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USGS Staff -- ubP lished Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Daniel R. Muhs, Joel Roskin, Haim Tsoar, Gary Skipp, James Budahn, Amihai Sneh, Naomi Porat, Jean-Daniel Stanley, Itzhak Katra, and Dan G. Blumberg This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/931 Quaternary Science Reviews 69 (2013) 28e48 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev Origin of the SinaieNegev erg, Egypt and Israel: mineralogical and geochemical evidence for the importance of the Nile and sea level history Daniel R. -
Noss NNR Annual Report 2018.Pdf
Noss National Nature Reserve Annual Report 2018 An insight into the life and work on the Isle of Noss National Nature Reserve during the 2018 season Arctic skuas Introduction Noss is managed as a National Nature Reserve by Scottish Natural Heritage. From May to September each year two wardens take up residence on the island to run the Zodiac ferry from nearby Bressay, and to monitor the internationally important seabird colonies on Noss. Every summer over 80,000 seabirds breed on the island, including the fifth largest great skua colony in the world and the seventh largest gannetry in the UK. The seabirds on Noss have been carefully monitored for decades, with data going back to 1946. Monitoring seabird populations is important both for seabird conservation and because it can give us a better understanding of how the marine environment (which is notoriously hard to study) is changing. This report gives a summary of the 2018 seabird breeding season and shows how populations on Noss have changed over time. Visitors to Noss travel to the island in our small inflatable ferry and enjoy a warm welcome from one of the resident wardens. The cliffs alone are impressive, but add on thousands of cliff-nesting birds and, of course, the iconic puffin, and you can see why Noss is such a popular destination for tourists and locals alike. The island is also part of a working sheep farm and provides an excellent example of how agriculture and conservation can work together. 2 slight increase on the last full island count Seabirds in 2013, which totalled 465, and suggests that the Noss population is stable. -
DISCOVERING ISRAELI WINES Israwinexpo the 3Rd International Wine Exhibition
w i n e DISCOVERING ISRAELI WINES IsraWineXpo The 3rd International Wine Exhibition Tel Aviv as seen from Jaffa Article and photos by W.C. Enoteca The word conjures up childhood Levant date back to 8000 B.C., with the first recorded Israel. images of the Holy Land and movies vineyard planted by Noah in 2000 B.C. I had seen showing dessert-like terrains. My first Israel’s wine industry further evolved thanks to a three- and recent trip to this impressive country showed me fold revolution which began with the founding of the another side altogether. As the plane landed in Tel modern Israel wine industry when Baron Edmond de Aviv I marveled at the surrounding greenery. In fact, I Rotschild, owner of Chateau Lafite founded Carmel was told that such verdant and fertile lands extend for Winery in 1882. The second phase ‘the quality hundreds of kms. north of the city. revolution’ was led by Golan Heights Winery, founded Although I was eager to see and learn more about in 1983, that applied the newest technology both in this fascinating country, the primary reason for my the vineyards and winemaking sectors. The third took visit was to attend IsraWinexpo 2010 and familiarize place in the 1990s, when the country’s wine market myself with Israeli wines. came of age with an eruption of boutique wineries, wine imports and stores that also led to ‘wine tourism’. Winemaking in Israel Israel devotes about 12,350 acres to vineyards, the Israeli winemaking began in the triangle that soils for which can range from volcanic in the north, encompasses the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea and the Terra Rossa on the coast, chalk and limestone on the Sea of Galillee.