DOCSLIB.ORG

USD 67 PP Tour Highlights: Breidafjördur's Countless Islands

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

STYKKISHOLMUR ST1 – BOAT TOUR - VIKING SUSHI ADVENTURE - USD 67 P.P. Tour Highlights: Breidafjördur‘s countless islands, bird life and sea food tasting Walking involved: No walking involved Remarks: Taste of fresh seafood Duration: 2 hours and 15 min Min/Max: -/30 Reservation code: ST1 Price: USD 67 Look forward to a bird and nature watching tour. Experience a huge variety of birds and fantastic basalt rock formations. And if you have never tasted a fresh scallops straight from the sea you‘ll get the chance to do so on this tour. ST2 – BUS TOUR AROUND THE SNAEFELLSNES PENINSULA - USD 99 P.P. Tour highlights: An introduction to the history and geology of Iceland, visit to the Shark Museum Walking involved: This tour involves walking (ca. 45 min) on a rugged terrain but it is also possible to stay in the coach Remarks: Lunch boxes from OCEAN DIAMOND Duration: 8 hours Min/Max: 20/45 Reservation Code: ST2 Price: USD 99 Due to its diversity of landscapes and places of national interests, Snaefellsnes Peninsula is often called “Iceland in miniature”. This excursion includes views on the Snaefellsjökull Glacier, the dramatic rock formations of Snaefellsnes as well as the Londrangar Rock pinnacles, which are remnants of a large volcanic crater. En route you also visit the small fishing village of Arnarstapi and the Shark Museum in Bjarnarhöfn. ST3 – SNAEFELLSJÖKULL GLACIER - USD 189 P.P. Tour Highlights: Glacier tour in an open Snowcat. Walking involved: Involves walking on the Glacier. Remarks: Lunch boxes from OCEAN DIAMOND. Open vehicle, warm clothes (gloves, hat) required. Duration: 6-7 hours Min/Max: 20/30 Reservation Code: ST3 Price: USD 189 By Snowcat your experienced guide takes you up to 4,600 feet (1,400 m) on Snaefellsjökull Glacier! In good weather you can enjoy a fantastic view over Hellissandur and Breidafjördur Bay. On especially clear days you can even spot the far-off Westfjords. The famous novelist Jules Verne once chose Snaefelljokull Glacier as entrance on his “Journey to the center of the Earth”. ISAFJÖRDUR I1 – SEA ANGLING FROM FLATEYRI/SUDUREYRI - USD 175 P. P. Tour Highlights: Extreme sea angling, close to nature Walking involved: No walking involved Remarks: Warm clothes required. Please bring a bottle of water with you. Duration: 4 hours Min/Max: 5/10 Reservation code: I1 Price: USD 175 The waters along the Westfjords are extremely rich in marine life due to special current conditions and sustainable fisheries policy. This sea angling tour allows you to benefit from these factors to catch cod, haddock and halibut of stately size. The boat trip starts in either Sudureyri or Flateyri fishing village, 25 min drive from Ísafjördur, and takes you out to a sandbank off the coast. I2 – BOAT TOUR TO VIGUR - USD 99 P. P. Tour Highlights: A slow travel high quality nature tour. Walking involved: This tour involves an easy walk, ca. 30 min. Remarks: Light refreshments (coffee, Tee) included Min/Max: 25/35 Duration: 3 hours Reservation code: I2 Price: USD 99 Enjoy a short trip to Vigur. This serene little island, which boasts only five inhabitants, is a perfect location to observe an array of birds in their natural surroundings including puffins, eider ducks, arctic terns and black guillemot. While on the island, you can also visit Iceland‘s only extant windmill which dates from the 19th century. The boat tour takes about 35 minutes each way. I3 – BUS TOUR - THINGEYRI AND DYNJANDI WATERFALL - USD 145 P. P. Tour Highlights: Harsh landscape, driving across mountains and the magnificent Dynjandi waterfall Walking involved: 45 minutes moderate walking to the waterfall. The waterfall can also be seen very clearly from the parking place Remarks: Lunch boxes from OCEAN DIAMOND Duration: 6-7 hours Min/Max: 20/45 Reservation code: I3 Price: USD 145 This tour leads to Iceland’s most sparsely populated areas. On this daytrip you will explore the Westfjords, a historic village and a magnificent waterfall. With a population of about 260 inhabitants Thingeyri is both the area‘s first trading post and one of the oldest settlements. At the end we stop at the thunderous Dynjandi, the highest and most impressive waterfall in the Westfjord region. I4 – KAYAK IN FLATEYRI - USD 159 P. P. Tour Highlights: Authentic nature experience Walking involved: No walking involved, but generally good physical condition necessary Remarks: Warm clothes, rain pants and jacket Duration: 4 hours Min/Max: 8/20 Reservation code: I4 Price: USD 159 Enjoy kayaking between the mountains and birdwatching from a different angle amid wonderful scenery. Flateyri is a 25 min drive from Isafjördur. SIGLUFJÖRDUR S1 – HERRING MUSEUM - USD 39 P. P. Tour Highlights: The history of the Icelandic Herring Industry. What changed Iceland into a contemporary society that it is today. Walking involved: Easy walking Remarks: - Min/Max: -/- Duration: Reservation code: S1 Price: USD 39 Dive into the golden age of the herring boom at the award-winning Herring Museum. The museum‘s five exhibits illustrate the history of the industry, the processing of the herring into meal and oil, a fish freezing plant, and a waterfront dock area where visitors can stroll past 11 different fishing vessels on display. A life herring salting demonstration with traditional songs and dances is during the summer performed by a local theater group, where the spirit of old herring plants is revived. The golden age of the herring fishery play an important role in the history of the Icelandic equal right movement. Women got more opportunities to work outside of home, side by side with men on equal basis. AKUREYI A1 – BUS TOUR – MÝVATN MAJOR - USD 95 P. P. Tour Highlights: The Lake Myvatn, Godafoss Waterfall, Dimmuborgir, Myvatn Nature Baths Walking involved: Easy walking, longest walking time 20 min Remarks: Lunch boxes from OCEAN DIAMOND; Bring a bathing suit and a towel Duration: 8 hours Min/Max: 10/- Reservation code: A1 Price: USD 95 Enjoy one of the most beautiful spots in northern Iceland. Lake Myvatn area teems with fauna. The tour starts with a stop at the spectacular Godafoss waterfall and continues to the small settlement of Skutustadagígar. We stop also at the impressive lava formations of Dimmuborgir, said to resemble a collapsed citadel. In Icelandic folklore Dimmuborgir is said to connect the earth to the infernal regions. Towards the end of the tour we visit the Myvatn Nature Baths for a relaxing geothermal bath. Look forward to an amazing journey through an area of extreme contrasts. A2 – WONDERS OF NATIONAL PARK MÝVATN - USD 130 P. P. Tour Highlights: Europe‘s most powerful waterfall, Dettifoss and Jökulsargljufur Canyon National Park Walking involved: Moderate walking involved on uneven Terrain up to 2,5-3 km Remarks: Lunch boxes from OCEAN DIAMOND Duration: 7-8 hours Min/Max: 10/- Reservation code: A2 Price: USD 130 A number of Iceland’s highlights are included in this excursion. The horseshoe shaped depression Asbyrgi Canyon, said to be the meeting place of the pagan gods. The Jökulsargljufur Glacial Canyon and also the echoing cliffs Hljodaklettar and the Dettifoss Waterfall, Europe‘s most powerful waterfall. The tour also takes you to the Lake Myvatn area with its large population of waterfowl. HUSAVIK HU1 – WHALE WATCHING ON RIB BOATS - USD 185 P. P. Tours Highlights: Whale watching on speedboats Walking involved: approx. 0,18 miles for dress-up before whale watching Remarks: Safety overalls included. Warm clothes recommended Duration: 2 hours Min/Max: 6/40 Reservation code: HU1 Price: USD 185 An exciting trip with RIB boats (Rigid Inflatable Boat) to search for the gentle giants. On this tour we will pass the Puffin Island, Lundey before we head off to encounter some of the world‘s biggest animals. HU2 – ÁSBYRGI/TJÖRNES - USD 75 P. P. Tours Highlights: Ásbyrgi, Tjörnes. Walking involved: 1,5-2 hour easy walking trail. Remarks: Approx. one hour bus drive to Ásbyrgi. Warm clothes recommended Duration: 4-4,5 hours Min/Max: -/40 Reservation code: HU2 Price: USD 75 Ásbyrgi is one of the wonders of nature, a wide, horseshoe-shaped canyon with sheer cliff faces up to 0,06 miles high. It is 21,7 miles long and over 0,62 miles. A distinctive rock formation rises up from the center of Ásbyrgi, up to 0,16 mile wide, known as Eyjan(the Island) which we will hike up. From Eyjan we will have a beautiful view over the canyon and the black sands in the north. Same drive back to ship. HU3 – SUPER JEEP AND NATURES LESSER TRAVELLED TRAILS - USD 360 P. P. Tour Highlights: Hidden Treasures in North Iceland Walking involved: Remarks: Lunch boxes from OCEAN DIAMOND Duration: 7 hours Min/Max: 10/20 Reservation code: HU3 Price: USD 360 Get off the beaten track in a Super Jeep and visit hidden treasures in North Iceland. This is a 7 hour Super Jeep adventure that takes you to lesser travelled trails in the vicinity of Húsavík. The goal of this tour is to visit interesting and remote destinations, accessible by 4x4. Enjoy beautiful views, landscapes and stories of the people of the land in the good company of our local guide. Each day we pick a destination according to weather and road conditions to make the most out of the experience SEYDISFJÖRDUR SF1 – HUSEY – SEALWATCHING ON HORSEBACK - USD 168 P. P. Tour Highlights: Icelandic horse tour Walking involved: Easy walking Remarks: Lunch boxes from OCEAN DIAMOND; Max weight 22 lbs Duration: 6 hours Min/Max: 10/16 Reservation Code: SF1 Price: USD 168 The history of the Icelandic horse reaches back to the 9th and 10th centuries. This small sized horse is considered to be intelligent, gut tempered and versatile.
Recommended publications
  • Stofnvöktun Lunda 2017-2019

    Stofnvöktun Lunda 2017-2019

    STOFNVÖKTUN LUNDA 2017-2019 Lokaskýrsla til Umhverfisstofnunar Árlegur stofnvöxtur lunda (λ) á Íslandi 2010-2019. Stofninn vex þegar λ > 1 og rénar þegar λ < 1, λ = 1 er sýnt með svartri láréttri línu. Veiðar eru stofnvistfræðilega ósjálfbærar þegar þegar λ < 1. Geometrískt meðaltal λ árin 2010-2019 er 0,96478, eða -2,73% fækkun á ári. Reiknuð fækkun með þessu meðaltali árabilið 2003-2019 er - 43,7%. Litir sýna þá IUCN flokka sem viðkomandi stofnvöxtur raðast á hverju ári: rauður; Í bráðri hættu – Critically Endangered; appelsínugulur; Í hættu – Endangered; gulur; Í nokkurri hættu – Vulnerable; grænn; Ekki í hættu – Least Concern. Erpur Snær Hansen 15. desember 2019 Náttúrustofa Suðurlands Stofnvöktun lunda á Íslandi 2017-2019 SAMANTEKT Lundi er algengastur og einna mest veiddur íslenskra fugla. Næstum allur lundi er nú veiddur í háf á varptíma og varð háfaveiði ríkjandi veiðiaðferð í Vestmannaeyjum um 1880 [1]. Þar hefur veiðimagn verið tengt sjávarhita frá 1880 [2]. Skiptast á hlý- og köld tímabil sem vara í um 35 ár (svonefnd AMO sveifla), og hefur veiði hnignað á hlýskeiðunum en aukist á kaldskeiðum. Núverandi hlýskeið hófst 1996 og hefur lundaveiði á landsvísu dregist saman um 90% 1995-2018, en samdrátturinn 1995-2007 nemur 73 prósentustigum, þ.e. áður en dregið var úr sókn. Líklegt er að lækkuð viðkoma á landsvísu skýri að mestu þennan samdrátt í veiðum, sem aftur endurspeglar neikvæð áhrif hitabreytinga og hugsanlega fleiri umhverfisþátta á aðalfæðutegundir lunda hérlendis, sandsíli og loðnu. Árlegur stofnvöxtur (λ) Íslenska lundastofnsins á landsvísu árabilið 2010-2019 var að meðaltali 0,96478 sem er undir stofnvistfræðilegum sjálfbærnimörkum (λ = 1).
  • Iceland Can Be Considered Volcanologist “Heaven”

    Iceland Can Be Considered Volcanologist “Heaven”

    Iceland can be considered volcanologist “heaven” 1) Sub-aerial continuation of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 2) Intersection of a mantle plume with a spreading ocean ridge 3) Volcanism associated with tectonic rifting 4) Sub-glacial volcanism 5) Tertiary flood (plateau) basalts 6) Bi-modal volcanism 7) Submarine volcanism 8) 18 historically active volcanoes 9) Eruptions roughly every 5 years 1. The North Atlantic opened about 54 Ma separating Greenland from Europe. 2. Spreading was initially along the now extinct Agir ridge (AER). 3. The Icelandic plume was under Greenland at that time. 4. The Greenland – Faeroe ridge represents the plume track during the history of the NE Atlantic. Kolbeinsey ridge (KR) 5. During the last 20 Ma the Reykjanes Ridge (RR) Icelandic rift zones have migrated eastward, stepwise, maintaining their position near the plume 6. The plume center is thought to be beneath Vatnajökull 1 North Rift Zone – currently active East Rift Zone – currently active West Rift Zone – last erupted about 1000-1300 AD [Also eastern (Oræfajökull) and western (Snæfellsnese) flank zones] Rift zones comprise en-echelon basaltic fissure swarms 5-15 km wide and up to 200 km long. Over time these fissures swarms develop a volcanic center, eventually maturing into a central volcano with a caldera and silicic Tertiary volcanics > 3.1 Ma volcanism Late Tertiary to Early Quaternary 3.1 – 0.7 Ma Neo-volcanic zone <0.7 - present Schematic representation of Iceland’s mantle plume. The crust is about 35 – 40 km thick Iceland’s mantle plume has been tomographically imaged down to 400 km. Some claim even deeper, through the transition zone, and down to the core – mantle boundary.
  • The Surtsey 1963 Eruption Plume, Characteristics and Tephra Dispersal

    The Surtsey 1963 Eruption Plume, Characteristics and Tephra Dispersal

    Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 21, EGU2019-17144, 2019 EGU General Assembly 2019 © Author(s) 2019. CC Attribution 4.0 license. The Surtsey 1963 eruption plume, characteristics and tephra dispersal Einar Sindri Ólafsson (1), Magnus T Guðmundsson (2), and Esther R. Guðmundsdóttir (3) (1) Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland ([email protected]), (2) Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland ([email protected]), (3) Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland ([email protected]) Surtsey is a basaltic island in the south-western end of Vestmannaeyjar archipelago off the south coast of Iceland and is a part of the Vestmannaeyjar volcanic system. It is built from the ocean floor at about 130 m depth in a series of eruptions during 1963-1967, one of the longest eruption in Iceland in historical times. The eruptions can be split into four phases. The first phase of the eruptions was explosive and phreatomagmatic in character. The aim of this study is to put constraints on the mass of tephra transported with the plume. This is done in two ways: (1) Study soil profiles on Heimaey and on the mainland to look for tephra deposits from Surtsey as well as note contemporary descriptions of tephra fallout; and (2) by compiling existing contemporary records of plume height and use plume height – mass transport systematics to estimate the transport. Finally, we compare the outcomes of (1) and (2). Eruption started on 14 November 1963. It was explosive and fed an eruption plume rising typically to 5-9 km in November and December 1963.
  • Phoca Vitulina) in Icelandic Waters

    Phoca Vitulina) in Icelandic Waters

    Monitoring trends in the abundance of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in Icelandic waters Erlingur Hauksson Fornistekkur 14, IS-109 Reykjavik, Iceland ABSTRACT Harbours seal ( Phoca vitulina) numbers along the coast of Iceland were monitored by aerial survey in the period 1980-2006. Trends in the abundance of the harbour seal population on the whole coast and in coastal regions of Iceland waters were estimated using ANCOVA on the sur - vey counts, corrected for the influence of several covariates. Harbour seals were found in every coastal area, but were most abundant in Faxaflói, Breiðafjörður and on the northwest coast in the beginning of this study. Harbour seal numbers declined significantly at a rate of res t = -0.04 (SE 0.005) y r-1 during this period. Decline was highest in Faxaflói and at the south coast ( ≅7%), while the east coast experienced a significant but lesser ( ≅1%) decline. Other coastal areas did not show significant trends. The northwest coast was the richest harbour seal area in Iceland in 2006. In Icelandic waters seals are commercially harvested, and unreported but probably high numbers of harbour seals are killed intentionally by shooting and accidentally in fishing gear each year. These factors likely contributed to the overall observed decline in seal numbers. Hauksson, E. 2010. Monitoring trends in the abundance of harbour seals ( Phoca vitulina ) in Icelandic waters. NAMMCO Sci. Publ. 8:227-244. INTRODUCTION ecosystem dynamics, its potential interactions with fisheries, the impacts of global climate An understanding of population status of the change, and other anthropogenic changes Icelandic harbour seal ( Phoca vitulina vituli - caused in habitat (Small et al.
  • Subglacial and Submarine Volcanism in Iceland

    Subglacial and Submarine Volcanism in Iceland

    Mars Polar Science 2000 4078.pdf SUBGLACIAL AND SUBMARINE VOLCANISM IN ICELAND. S. P. Jakobsson, Icelandic Inst. of Natural His- tory, P. O. Box 5320, 125 Reykjavik, Iceland Introduction: Iceland is the largest landmass ex- mounds, ridges and tuyas [5]. The thickness of basal posed along the Mid-Ocean Ridge System. It has been basaltic pillow lava piles often exceeds 60-80 meters constructed over the past 16 Ma by basaltic to silicic and a 300 m thick section has been reported. Pillow volcanic activity occurring at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, lavas may also form lenses or pods at a higher level in and is topographically elevated because of the abundant the volcanoes. igneous material produced in association with the Ice- It has been suggested that at a water depth less than land hot spot, the center of which is thought to be lo- approximately 100-150 m, basaltic phreatic explosions cated beneath Vatnajokull glacier [1]. The axial rift produce hydroclastites. It appears feasible to subdivide zones which run through Iceland from southwest to the hyaloclastites of the Icelandic ridges and tuyas, ge- northeast are in direct continuation of the crestal zones netically into two main types. A substantial part of the of the Mid Atlantic Ridge and are among the most ac- base of the submarine Surtsey tuya is poorly bedded, tive volcanic zones on Earth. unsorted, hydroclastite, which probably was quenched Subglacial Volcanism: Volcanic accumulations of and rapidly accumulated below the seawater level with- hyaloclastites which are deposits formed by the intru- out penetrating the surface [6]. Only 1-2 % of the vol- sion of lava beneath water or ice and the consequent ume of extruded material in the 1996 Gjalp eruption fell shattering into small angular vitric particles, combined as air-fall tephra, the bulk piled up below the ice [4].
  • Skrá Yfir Íslensk Skip Og Báta 2018

    Skrá Yfir Íslensk Skip Og Báta 2018

    Skrá yfir íslensk skip og báta 2018 Skráð þilfarsskip og opnir bátar samkvæmt aðalskipaskrá þann 1. janúar 2018 Register of Icelandic Decked Ships and Open Boats on January 1st 2018 Jákvæðni Fagmennska Traust Virðing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Samgöngustofa Ármúla 2 108 Reykjavík http://www.samgongustofa.is/ Vefútgáfa 2018. Heimilt er að prenta vefritið til eigin nota en óheimilt er að prenta það eða afrita með nokkrum öðrum hætti í því skyni að selja það án heimildar frá Samgöngustofu. Efnisyfirlit Contents Íslensk skip og bátar — yfirlit 1. janúar 2018 1 Summary of Icelandic Decked Ships and Open Boats on January 1st 2018 Nýskráningar og endurskráningar 2017 2 Registered Ships and Boats in 2017 Afskráningar 2017 3 Decommissioned Ships and Boats in 2017 Skýringar við skipaskrá 4 Key to the Register of Ships Skýringar við bátaskrá 7 Key to the Register of Boats Skráð þilfarsskip samkvæmt aðalskipaskrá 1. janúar 2018 8 Register of Icelandic Decked Ships on January 1st 2018 Skrá yfir opna báta 1. janúar 2018 115 Register of Icelandic Open Boats on January 1st 2018 Einkaréttur á skipsnöfnum 244 Prerogative of Icelandic Ship Names Íslensk skip og bátar — yfirlit 1. janúar 2018 Á aðalskipaskrá 1. janúar 2018 voru samtals 2.295 skip. Skipum á íslenskri aðalskipaskrá hefur fjölgað um 6 frá árinu 2017. Á árinu 2016 voru frumskráð og endurskráð skip 36, afskráð skip voru 36. Hér gefur að líta töflu yfir þróun skipastólsins 1. janúar ár hvert. Fjöldi og stærð 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Þilfarsskip 1.051 1.050 1.060 1.056 1.051 1.041 1.031 1.032 Brúttótonn 203.319 206.248 212.155 198.871 194.278 198.079 200.246 208.375 Opnir bátar 1.199 1.216 1.238 1.244 1.245 1.243 1.258 1.263 Brúttótonn 7.112 7.233 7.460 7.538 7.591 7.621 8.935 7.327 Heildarfjöldi 2.250 2.266 2.298 2.300 2.296 2.284 2.289 2.295 Heildarbrúttótonn 210.431 213.481 219.615 206.409 201.869 205.701 209.181 215.702 Skip á aðalskipaskrá skiptast þannig eftir skráður notkunarflokkum: 1.jan.16 1.jan.17 1.
  • Reykjavík Unesco City of Literature

    Reykjavík Unesco City of Literature

    Reykjavík unesco City of Literature Reykjavík unesco City of Literature Reykjavík unesco City of Literature Reykjavík City of Steering Committee Fridbjörg Ingimarsdóttir Submission writers: Literature submission Svanhildur Konrádsdóttir Director Audur Rán Thorgeirsdóttir, (Committee Chair) Hagthenkir – Kristín Vidarsdóttir Audur Rán Thorgeirsdóttir Director Association of Writers (point person) Reykjavík City of Non-Fiction and Literature Trail: Project Manager Department of Culture Educational Material Reykjavík City Library; Reykjavík City and Tourism Kristín Vidarsdóttir and Department of Culture Esther Ýr Thorvaldsdóttir Úlfhildur Dagsdóttir and Tourism Signý Pálsdóttir Executive Director Tel: (354) 590 1524 Head of Cultural Office Nýhil Publishing Project Coordinator: [email protected] Reykjavík City Svanhildur Konradsdóttir audur.ran.thorgeirsdottir Department of Culture Gudrún Dís Jónatansdóttir @reykjavík.is and Tourism Director Translator: Gerduberg Culture Centre Helga Soffía Einarsdóttir Kristín Vidarsdóttir Anna Torfadóttir (point person) City Librarian Gudrún Nordal Date of submission: Project Manager/Editor Reykjavík City Library Director January 2011 Reykjavík City The Árni Magnússon Institute Department of Culture and Audur Árný Stefánsdóttir for Icelandic Studies Photography: Tourism/Reykjavík City Library Head of Primary and Lower Cover and chapter dividers Tel: (354) 411 6123/ (354) 590 1524 Secondary Schools Halldór Gudmundsson Raphael Pinho [email protected] Reykjavík City Director [email protected]
  • A CIRCUMNAVIGATION of ICELAND 2022 Route: Reykjavik, Iceland to Reykjavik, Iceland

    A CIRCUMNAVIGATION of ICELAND 2022 Route: Reykjavik, Iceland to Reykjavik, Iceland

    A CIRCUMNAVIGATION OF ICELAND 2022 route: Reykjavik, Iceland to Reykjavik, Iceland 11 Days NG Explorer - 148 Guests National Geographic Resolution - 126 Guests Expeditions in: Jul/Aug From $11,920 to $29,610 * Iceland’s geology in all its manifestations––glaciers, geysers, thundering waterfalls, immense cliffs, geothermal springs, boiling mud pots, and rock and lava-scapes of unearthly beauty––is world-class. It alone makes a circumnavigation a very compelling idea. And when you add in the other itinerary components––Iceland’s people, their unique cultural heritage and contemporary character, the island’s geography and birdlife––seeing it all in one 360º expedition is irresistible. Call us at 1.800.397.3348 or call your Travel Agent. In Australia, call 1300.361.012 • www.expeditions.com DAY 1: Reykjavik / Embark padding Arrive in Reykjavík, the world’s northernmost capital, which lies only a fraction below the Arctic Circle and receives just four hours of sunlight in 2022 Departure Dates: winter and 22 in summer. Have a panoramic overview of the Old Town, including 21 Jun Hallgrímskirkja Cathedral with its 210-foot tower, 13 Jul, 22 Jul and perhaps shed some light on Nordic culture at 2023 Departure Dates: the National Museum, with its Viking treasures, artifacts, and unusual whalebone carvings on 3 Jul, 12 Jul, 21 Jul display. Embark National Geographic Resolution. (L,D) Important Flight Information Please confirm arrival and departure dates prior to booking flights. DAY 2: Flatey Island padding Explore Iceland’s western frontier, visiting Flatey Advance Payment: Island, a trading post for many centuries, for walks around the charming little hamlet that grew here, $1,500 and take a Zodiac cruise along the coast.
  • In in Iceland: Pltihpopulationpg Changees and Ditht Main Threats

    In in Iceland: Pltihpopulationpg Changees and Ditht Main Threats

    Atlantic Puff in in Iceland: PltihPopulationpg changees and ditht main threats Aevarea Petersen eese1 &Th& Thhorkello e LL. Thorarinsson o a sso 2 1Icelandic Institute of Natural Historry 2North East Iceland Nature Center 1. The Icelandic populationpp 3. Population chaanges The Atlantic Puffin Fratercula arctica is Prior to 2000 mean increase of 4.3%/yr believed to be the most common wasas recordedeco ded at tenten colonies,co o es, includingcud g bdibreedingg bibird d speciesp i iin IldIceland. MtMost the largest ones studied (>30000 pairs). recent estimate is 3-4 million pairspairs, or The greatest increease was 15%/yr/yr, about half the world population. The whichc iss exceptioneceptonala andadffoundou d in a populationpplti iis ditibtddistributed mostlytly on colony established in 1975 (Petersen islandsislands, among roughly 800 coloniescolonies, the 2010). largest about 200 thousand pairs. Many off ththe coloniesli are veryy small,ll onlyly a ffew More recently eightt colonies showed a pairs. Some islands only have single mean decline of 4.9%/yr. Same has pairs. takenta e placepace ono thetee Westmanest a Islandssa ds the largest Puffin coolony aggregation in 22. Data Availability the world (Hansenn 2009, Hansen & Although other ffactors may also affectff We reviewed available unpublished and GGardarssonGa da sso 2009009). individual Puffin coloniescolonies, climate ppublished blished information on poppopulationpp lation change and resulting effects on the changes. Colony sizes were estimated No quantitative datta are available for ffood resources is currently the greatest mainly from occupied burrow counts. mostost Icelandicce a d c Puffinuff n coloniesco o es. potential threat to Icelandic Puffins. PopPopulationp lation dedevelopment, elopmentp rangingggfrom 5 to 33 yearsyears, is reviewed for 19 colonies 4.
  • Degassing Regime of Hekla Volcano 2012€“2013

    Degassing Regime of Hekla Volcano 2012€“2013

    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 159 (2015) 80–99 www.elsevier.com/locate/gca Degassing regime of Hekla volcano 2012–2013 Evgenia Ilyinskaya a,b,⇑, Alessandro Aiuppa c,d, Baldur Bergsson b, Rossella Di Napoli c, Thra´inn Fridriksson e, Audur Agla O´ lado´ttir e, Finnbogi O´ skarsson e, Fausto Grassa d, Melissa Pfeffer b, Katharina Lechner b, Richard Yeo b, Gaetano Giudice d a British Geological Survey, Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, United Kingdom b Icelandic Meteorological Office, Bustadavegi 7-9, 150 Reykjavik, Iceland c DiSTeM, Universita` di Palermo, Palermo, Italy d Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy e Iceland GeoSurvey, Grensasvegi 9, 108 Reykjavik, Iceland Received 24 February 2014; accepted in revised form 9 January 2015; available online 17 February 2015 Abstract Hekla is a frequently active volcano with an infamously short pre-eruptive warning period. Our project contributes to the ongoing work on improving Hekla’s monitoring and early warning systems. In 2012 we began monitoring gas release at Hekla. The dataset comprises semi-permanent near-real time measurements with a MultiGAS system, quantification of diffuse gas flux, and direct samples analysed for composition and isotopes (d13C, dD and d18O). In addition, we used reaction path modelling to derive information on the origin and reaction pathways of the gas emissions. 13 Hekla’s quiescent gas composition was CO2-dominated (0.8 mol fraction) and the d C signature was consistent with pub- lished values for Icelandic magmas. The gas is poor in H2O and S compared to hydrothermal manifestations and syn-eruptive emissions from other active volcanic systems in Iceland.
  • The Eruption on Heimaey, Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland

    The Eruption on Heimaey, Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland

    Man Against Volcano: The Eruption on Heimaey, Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland This booklet was originally published in 1976 under the title "Man Against Volcano: The Eruption on Heimaey, Vestmann Islands, Iceland." The revised second edition was published in 1983. This PDF file is a recreation of the 1983 booklet. Cover photograph: View looking southeast along streets covered by tephra (volcanic ash) in Vestmannaeyjar: Eldfell volcano (in background) is erupting and fountaining lava. View of Heimaey before the eruption: Town of Vestmannaeyjar with Helgafell in the right back- ground (photo courtesy of Sólarfilma). Man Against Volcano: The Eruption on Heimaey, Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland by Richard S. Williams, Jr., and James G. Moore Preface The U.S. Geological Survey carries out scientific studies in the geological, hydrological, and cartographic sciences generally within the 50 States and its territories or trusteeships, but also in cooperation with scientific organizations in many foreign countries for the investigation of unusual earth sciences phenome- na throughout the world. In 1983, the U.S. Geological Survey had 57 active sci- entific exchange agreements with 24 foreign countries, and 47 scientific exchange agreements were pending with 30 foreign countries. The following material discusses the impact of the 1973 volcanic eruption of Eldfell on the fishing port of Vestmannaeyjar on the island of Heimaey, Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland. Before the eruption was over, approximately one-third of the town of Vestmannaeyjar had been obliterated, but, more importantly, the potential damage probably was reduced by the spraying of seawater onto the advancing lava flows, causing them to be slowed, stopped, or diverted from the undamaged portion of the town.
  • The Best of Iceland

    The Best of Iceland

    04_178416-ch01.qxp 5/29/08 8:59 AM Page 1 1 The Best of Iceland On each trip to Iceland, we are always struck by how often other travelers are—or intend to be—repeat visitors. Many come year after year, never exhausting Iceland’s endless variations of magnificent scenery and adventure. Returning travelers immedi- ately recognize the crisp, invigorating polar air, and what W. H. Auden called “the most magical light of anywhere on earth.” Iceland’s astonishing beauty often has an austere, primitive, or surreal cast that arouses reverence, wonderment, mystery, and awe. Lasting impressions could include a lone tuft of wildflowers amid a bleak desert moonscape or a fantastical promenade of icebergs calved into a lake from a magisterial glacier. The Icelandic people—freedom-loving, egalitarian, self-reliant, and worldly—are equally exceptional. They established a parliamentary democracy over a millennium ago, and today write, publish, purchase, and read more books per capita than any peo- ple on earth. Reykjavík, their capital, has become one of the world’s most fashionable urban hot spots. In November 2007, the U.N. named Iceland the world’s best coun- try to live in, based on life expectancy, education levels, medical care, income, and other criteria. 1 The Best Natural Wonders • Glymur: Iceland’s tallest waterfall is • Blue Lagoon: The central activity nimble and graceful: Streamlets at this spa—Iceland’s top tourist descend like ribbons of a maypole attraction—is bathing in a shallow, into a fathomless canyon mantled in opaque, blue-green lagoon amid a bird nests and lush mosses.