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Publication 41. Geological Series 35. MOLDING SANDS of MICHIGAN

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Publication 41. Geological Series 35. MOLDING SANDS of MICHIGAN STATE OF MICHIGAN Gratiot County ..............................................................13 DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION Hillsdale County ...........................................................13 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION Huron County ...............................................................14 Publication 41. Geological Series 35. Ingham County.............................................................14 MOLDING SANDS OF MICHIGAN Ionia County .................................................................15 AND Iosco County ................................................................15 THEIR USES Isabella County ............................................................15 Jackson County............................................................16 BY Kalamazoo County.......................................................17 GEORGE GRANGER BROWN, Ph. D. Kalkaska County ..........................................................17 PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF Kent County..................................................................17 R. A. SMITH, State Geologist Lake County .................................................................18 IN COOPERATION WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF Lapeer County..............................................................18 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Leelanau County ..........................................................18 PUBLISHED AS A PART OF THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Lenawee County ..........................................................18 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION FOR 1936. Livingston County.........................................................18 PART II TESTS OF MICHIGAN SANDS Macomb County ...........................................................19 Manistee County ..........................................................19 Mason County ..............................................................20 Contents Mecosta County ...........................................................20 Midland County ............................................................20 Chapter VII. Tests of the Michigan Sands ................... 2 Missaukee County........................................................21 Explanatory Statement .................................................. 2 Monroe County.............................................................21 Maps.............................................................................. 2 Montcalm County .........................................................21 Description by Counties................................................. 2 Montmorency County ...................................................21 Methods of Sampling..................................................... 2 Muskegon County ........................................................22 Methods of Testing........................................................ 2 Newaygo County..........................................................22 Method of Reporting Tests ............................................ 3 Oakland County ...........................................................22 Significance of Tests ..................................................... 3 Oceana County ............................................................23 Chapter VIII. The Southern Peninsula.......................... 3 Osceola County............................................................23 Alcona County ............................................................... 3 Oscoda County ............................................................24 Allegan County .............................................................. 4 Otsego County .............................................................24 Alpena County ............................................................... 5 Ottawa County..............................................................24 Antrim County................................................................ 5 Presque Isle County.....................................................25 Arenac County............................................................... 5 Roscommon County.....................................................25 Barry County.................................................................. 5 Saginaw County ...........................................................25 Bay County .................................................................... 6 St. Clair County ............................................................26 Benzie County ............................................................... 6 St. Joseph County........................................................27 Berrien County............................................................... 6 Sanilac County. ............................................................27 Branch County............................................................... 9 Shiawassee County .....................................................28 Calhoun County............................................................. 9 Tuscola County ............................................................28 Cass County .................................................................. 9 Van Buren County........................................................29 Charlevoix County ......................................................... 9 Washtenaw County ......................................................29 Cheboygan County...................................................... 10 Wayne County..............................................................30 Clare County................................................................ 10 Wexford County ...........................................................32 Clinton County ............................................................. 10 Chapter IX. The Northern Peninsula ...........................32 Crawford County.......................................................... 11 Alger County.................................................................32 Eaton County............................................................... 11 Baraga County .............................................................33 Emmet County............................................................. 11 Chippewa County.........................................................33 Genesee County.......................................................... 12 Delta County.................................................................33 Gladwin County ........................................................... 12 Dickinson County .........................................................34 Grand Traverse County............................................... 13 Gogebic County ...........................................................34 Publication 41, Geological Series 35 / Part II – Page 1 of 38 Houghton ..................................................................... 35 The location from which the sand was taken has been Iron............................................................................... 35 given in as definite and exact terms as possible. Keweenaw County....................................................... 35 Peculiar local conditions have been indicated whenever such observations were made. Luce County ................................................................ 36 Mackinaw County ........................................................ 36 METHODS OF SAMPLING Menominee County ..................................................... 37 Ontonagon County ...................................................... 37 In taking the sand samples the methods used were in Schoolcraft County ...................................................... 38 general those outlined in Chapter II. It is obviously impossible to sample and test every individual pocket or deposit of glacial sand. However, an effort was made to Figures sample so far as possible the representative sands of each district in order to obtain a general idea of the Figure 30. Pit of Garden City Sand Co., Showing top foot of probable characteristics and utility of the sands found in clay loam, as indicated by shovel, over brown sand and different parts of the state. The samples obtained, by clay (Sample 37)...............................................................7 trenching the space of the exposure, from the auger or Figure 31. Pit of Garden City Sand Co. Showing clay loam post-hole digger, or by other means, were generally thrown into bottom of dug over pit in foreground of right reduced by careful quartering on a large canvas to about digging. The brown sand (Sample 37) and the white sand thirty or thirty-five pounds. The reduced sample was (Sample 41) at the bottom of pit. ......................................7 bound in a small tightly woven sack of awning material, Figure 32. Sand Bank in pit of Burt Core Sand Co. Showing properly labelled inside and out, and carried in the car layers of clay and rust in top of yellow sand stratum under until a freight office was reached. The small sacks were top soil. ...........................................................................14 then combined in larger sacks and shipped to the Figure 33. Steam shovel loading dinky cars at Burt Core Sand laboratory. Company’s pit near Vassar. ...........................................14 Figure 34. Method of screening and loading from dinky cars METHODS OF TESTING onto railroad cars—Burt Core Sand Co. .........................14 Through a cooperative arrangement with
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