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Home , Freeborn Garrettson, Harry Hosier, Pencader Hundred, Richard Allen (bishop), White Clay Creek Hundred

The Peter Spencer Churches of Newark, Early American

THE GARDEN OF AMERICAN METHODISM: THE CONFERENCE, 1769–1820.

Published: August 1, 1997 By William Henry Williams. 17 JUNE 1703 – 2 MARCH 1791

A Church of England cleric and Christian theologian. Wesley is largely credited, along with his brother , as founding the Methodist movement which began when he took to open-air preaching in a similar manner to . In contrast to George Whitefield's Calvinism, Wesley embraced the Arminian doctrines that were dominant in the 18th-century Church of England. Methodism in both forms was a highly successful evangelical movement in the United Kingdom, which encouraged people to experience Jesus Christ personally. CAMP MEETINGS

Whites, free Blacks and slaves attended the Camp Meetings together. Richard Whatcoat Methodist Episcopal Church Barratt’s Chapel Cradle of Methodism 1784

Richard Allen “BLACK HARRY” HOSSIER 1750 - 1806

The best-known early African American evangelist was Harry Hossier nicknamed “Black Harry”,

He accompanied the Methodist Francis Asbury, Richard Whatcoat and Thomas Coke between 1784 and 1806. St. George’s () While , and a number of other kneel in the gallery of St. George's for prayer one Sunday in 1787, church leaders attempt to pull them off their knees and move them to another part of the church. The oldest Methodist church in continuous use in the , Offended by the racism of church beginning in 1769. The congregation leaders, Allen and Jones lead the was founded in 1767 African American membership out of St. George's Methodist Church, never to return. First African Society

Richard Allen Absalom Jones

8 Absalom Jones 1746 – February 13, 1818

Episcopal Church Bishop Richard Allen Peter Spencer

1782–1843

11 Peter Spencer

O Born a slave in Kent County O His master freed him in his will. O Came to Delaware in 1800. Old Asbury Methodist Church

The original section was built in 1789 13 NC-143 Ezion-Mount Caramel UMC NC-143: Originally Installed in 2005. In 1805, a group of African-Americans, desiring greater freedom of worship, withdrew from Asbury Methodist Episcopal Church to form a separate congregation. Led by Peter Spencer and William Anderson, they established what was then known as the African M. E. Church at 9th and French Streets. This was Delaware’s first church to be organized by African-Americans. The original house of worship was replaced by a new brick structure on the site in 1870. It was formally renamed Ezion Methodist Episcopal Church in 1885 and was rebuilt the following year after a devastating fire. The congregation continued to worship there until 1971. Mount Carmel Methodist Episcopal Church was established on Forrest Street in 1920 by a group of Wilmington residents who had migrated from lower Delaware. The congregation later moved to 504 E. 11th Street, and in 1942 they relocated again to 924 Lombard Street. On February 14, 1971, the congregations of the two churches officially merged to form Ezion-Mt. Carmel United Methodist Church. Construction of the present building was commenced in February 1973. The new church was formally consecrated on April 28, 1974. 14 ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION AFRICAN UNION CHURCH

• Buyer Seller Year • African Methodist Church Articles of Assoc. 1813

• Recorder of Deeds Office • City County Building • Ledger Microfilm • Range Book Page Book Vol. Page • 1640 - 1873 A- C 10 M 3 470 ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION AFRICAN UNION CHURCH 1813 ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION AFRICAN UNION CHURCH 1813

Articles of Association of the African Methodist Episcopal Church of Wilmington in the State of Delaware Article 1st The style and Title of this Corporation shall be the African Methodist Episcopal Church of Wilmington in the State of Delaware and Scotland Hill, Peter Spencer, Jacob Pendergrass, David Smith, John Kelley, and Jacob March Members of the said Church and their successors……. ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION AFRICAN UNION CHURCH 1813 John Agness Perry Cooper Jacob March John Alexander Ezekiel Coston Joseph Nichols Margaret Allen Maggie Debberty Grace Powell Jacob Anderson London Govern Charles Reed William Anderson Lydia Hall Peter Ripley James Back Sarah Hall John Simmons Luke Bashten Edmond Hayes David Smith Stephen Beardley Susan Hicks Peter Spencer Samuel Byard Scotland Hill William Touborn Moses Chippey George Hood Abraham Valentine Peter Clayton Richard Jackson Benjamin Webb Philip Closs John James Simon Weeks Jacob Collins John Kelly Joshua Young AUGUST QUARTERLY 1814

Big August Quarterly is an annual religious festival held in Wilmington, Delaware (sometimes called "Big Quarterly" or "August Quarterly"). Begun in 1814 by Peter Spencer in connection with the "quarterly" meeting (or "conference") of the African Union Church -- PETER SPENCER DIED: JULY 28, 1843

There were 31 churches in the African Union Church denomination when he died. LEGAL PROBLEMS AND DISSENTION PLAGUED THE PETER SPENCER LEGACY AFTER HIS DEATH

21 UNION CHURCH OF AFRICANS, DEFENDANTS V. ELLIS SANDERS, PLAINTIFF (1855)

Bishop Ellis Saunders

Mandamus is a judicial remedy — in the form of an order from a superior court, to any government subordinate court, corporation, or public authority — to do (or forbear from doing) some specific act which that body is obliged under law to do (or refrain from doing) UNION AFRICAN CHURCH PETER SPENCER CHURCHES SPLIT IN 1865

Union American Methodist Episcopal Church UAME

AUMP African Union Methodist Protestant Church ST. DANIELS UAME CHURCH COMMUNITY 1838

Whitaker Iron Company Iron Miners

Principico Iron Works Cecil County, MD ST. DANIELS UAME CHURCH African Union Church of Iron Hill

ST. DANIELS Picture provided by the Delaware Historical Society 1838 1927 UAME CHURCH

Church named after first pastor 155 Whitaker Road, Newark, DE 19711 Land Purchased in 1852 DEED FOR ST. DANIELS UAME CHURCH

• Buyer Seller Year • Parker Daniel and others William Walker & wife 1852 • Trustees of the • African Union Church • ¼ of an acre $5.00 ST. DANIELS CHURCH DEED

September 9, 1852 ST. DANIELS CHURCH DEED

September 9, 1852

(Transcribed)

This Indenture, Made the Ninth day of September in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty two Between William Walker of in the County of New Castle and the state of Delaware and Hester his wife of the first part, and Daniel Parker, James Coomes & William Walker of Pencader Hundred, and George Morris, James Potter, Henry Evans and Isacc Bassus of Hundred of the county and state aforesaid., Trustees of the African Union Church of the other part. ST. DANIELS CHURCH DEED

September 9, 1852

(Transcribed) …alien, enfecoff, release and confirm unto the said David Parker, James, Coomes, William Walker, George Morris, James Potter, Isaac Baccus and Henry Evans, and to their successors in Office. All that’s certain Lots of Land situate in Pencader Hundred aforesaid, TRUSTEES OF ST. DANIELS CHURCH

Iron Ore Miners White Clay Creek: Pencader: George Morris William Walker (MD) James Potter Daniel Parker Henry Evans James Cooms Isacc Bassus

155 Whitaker Road, Newark, DE 19711 SIGNATURE WILLIAM WALKER AND HESTER WALKER

his her William X Walker Hester X Walker mark mark PATH OF OWNERSHIP TO CREATE ST. DANIEL’S UAME CHURCH 1841

$650.00 Seller: William Kincaid 50 acres Buyer: Solomon Grier, William Walker and Daniel Parker 1849 Seller: Solomon Grier & William Walker Seller: Solomon Grier & Daniel Parker Buyer: Daniel Parker Buyer: William Walker $1.00 13 acres and 38 Perches $1.00 37 ½ acres 1852 Seller: William Walker $5.00 ¼ acre Buyer: Daniel Parker, William Walker and Daniel Cooms of Pencader Hundred and George Morris, James Potter, Henry Evans and Isacc Bassus of trustees of the African Union Church of Iron Hill his Land was redistributed Solomon X Grier mark Signature Page her Eliza X Grier mark

his William X Walker mark her Hester X Walker mark United States Census 1850 William Walker Pencader Hundred, New Castle, Delaware Household Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation William Walker Male 42 B Maryland Laborer Hester Walker Female 35 B Maryland William H Walker Male 19 B Maryland Laborer Mary J Walker Female 13 B Delaware Isaac Walker Male 11 B Delaware Lorenza Blackston Male 40 B Laborer Susan Blackston Female 37 M Pennsylvania School Teacher Thomas Blackston Male 4 M Pennsylvania Levi Blackston Male 1 M Pennsylvania Iron Stopped in Iron Hill in 1888

36 The Cooch Family The James Family

Patriarch of the Family Patriarch of the Family United States Census 1820 United States Census 1820 William Cooch, Jr. Zebulon James PENCADER HUNDRED, New Castle PENCADER HUNDRED, New Castle

Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Total Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation William Cooch Head Male 24 B Del 1 Zebulon James Head Male 39 B Del Free Whites 5 Jane James Wife Female 29 B Del Slaves 7 James James Son Male 3 B Del Free Blacks 1 Abijah James Son Male 0 B Del Total 14 The Cooch Family The James Family

Patriarch of the Family United States Census 1860 Zebulon James PENCADER HUNDRED, New Castle

Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation Zebulon James Head Male 79 B Del Jane James Wife Female 69 B Del James James Son Male 23 B Del Abijah James Son Male 20 B Md Secelia James Daughter Female 30 B Del Zebia James Son Male 12 B Del David James Son Male 11 B Del Samuel James Son Male 5 B Del William Cooch Jr. Secilia James Daughter Female 2 B Del Samuel James Son Male 46 B Del siblings, Thomas, Zebulon, & Levi. Sept. 20 1796 May 31, 1869 (aged 72) Old Welsh Tract Baptist Church Cemetery Newark United States Census 1880 David James Pencader Hundred, Delaware Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation David James, Jr. Self Male 32 B Delaware works in ore mine Anna M. James Wife Female 31 B Delaware Celia James Daughter Female 14 B Delaware United States Census 1880 David James Pencader Hundred, Delaware Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation David James Self Male 40 B Delaware works in ore mine Hannah James Wife Female 40 B Delaware Eliza A. James Daughter Female 13 B Delaware Zebulon James Son Male 9 B Delaware David T. James Son Male 7 B Delaware Perry F. James Son Male 5 B Delaware Benjamin T. James Son Male 3 B Delaware United States Census 1910 David James Head Male 71 B Delaware Hannah M James Wife Female 68 B Delaware David L James Son Male 36 B Delaware Railroad worker United States Census 1850 Tempy Smith Pencader Hundred, Delaware Household Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation Perry Loans Male 73 M Maryland Laborer Tempy Smith Female 30 B Delaware

Tempy Smith is the wife of William Smith United States Census 1850 James Smith Pencader Hundred, Delaware Household Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation William Cooch Male 64 W Delaware Miller Tamer Cooch Female 60 W Delaware Dillon Hutchinson Male 40 W Delaware Miller James Smith Male 14 B Delaware William Smith Male 12 B Delaware Temperance Jackson Female 60 W Delaware

United States Census 1880 James Smith Self Male 40 B Delaware Farm Laborer Hennie Smith Wife Female 34 B Delaware David Smith Son Male 10 B Delaware John Smith Son Male 6 B Delaware Thomas Smith Son Male 4 B Delaware S. Edward Smith Son Male 2 B Delaware Census of 1900 David Smith Pencader Hundred, Delaware MARRIAGE BOND Household Role Sex Age Birthplace DAVID SMITH AND MARY David Smith Head Male 29 Delaware HOLLAND Mary (Holland) Smith Wife Female 27 Delaware October 4, 1890 Dasy Smith Daughter Female 12 Delaware George E Smith Son Male 10 Delaware Oliver Smith Son Male 8 Delaware

his Witnesses: David X Smith mark his Abijah X James (Sr.) mark United States Census 1940 Allen Smith, Sr. Kirkwood, New Castle, Delaware Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation Allen Smith, Sr. Head Male 47 B Delaware Railroad Estella Smith Wife Female 44 B Marjorie Smith Daughter Female 20 B Delaware Mildred Smith Daughter Female 18 B Delaware Ernest Smith Son Male 15 B Delaware Daisy Smith Daughter Female 12 B Delaware Allen Smith, Jr. Son Male 9 B Delaware Howard Smith Grandson Male 3 B Delaware Ernest Smith Grandson Male 3 B Delaware Jerry Smith Grandson Male 1 B Delaware Stanley Smith Grandson Male 1 B Delaware Howard Earl Lodger Male 24 B Delaware United States Census 1940 Edward Webster Kirkwood, New Castle, Delaware Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation Edward Webster Head Male 63 B Maryland Daisy May Webster Wife Female 54 B Maryland Elsie Webster Daughter Female 29 B Delaware Frank Webster Son Male 25 B Delaware Road Construction Alice Webster Daughter Female 20 B Delaware Private Family David Webster Son Male 29 B Delaware Road Construction Marian Webster Daughter-in-law Female 24 B Delaware Private Family Pearl Webster Granddaughter Female 8 B Delaware Edward Webster Son Male 21 B Delaware Marjorie Webster Daughter-in-law Female 20 B Delaware James Thompson Son-in-law Male 35 B Viola Thompson Daughter Female 20 B Delaware James Thompson, Jr Grandson Male 4 B Delaware Nora Thompson Granddaughter Female 3 B Delaware Herman Thompson Grandson Male 2 B Delaware James Chandler Lodger Male 20 B Delaware Frank Watson Lodger Male 19 B Delaware St. Daniels UAME Cemetery

46 Little Known History of Newark, Delaware and Its Environs

(THE PRESS OF KELLS, NEWARK, 1936) BY… FRANCIS A. COOCH

Francis A. Cooch

VII SOME COLORED PEOPLE VII SOME COLORED PEOPLE

Fred and Kate Wright with their daughter, Emma, the only survivor of Kate’s fifteen children, lived in the little cottage at Wilson Station, now gone. It was a school house once. They were typical African; not a sign of white blood in any of them. Both parents had served in the Union Army, Fred in the infantry and Kate as a mess cook. During her three years service, Kate had cooked for General Grant for a period of six weeks preceding the capture of Vicksburg. Freddy was a first class farm hand with a loud infectious laugh. During my teens he was killed in a gunning accident. I was not far away and lost all taste for Company I gunning then and thereafter. Kate was a wonder at housecleaning, 25th Colored Infantry hog killing, cooking, washing and what not. She survived her husband Fredrick Wright many years. George Contant Photographer ST. DANIEL’S UAME CHURCH CEMETERY IRON HILL, DE

Little Known History of Newark, Delaware and Its Environs by Francis A. Cooch (The Press of Kells, Newark, 1936) VII SOME COLORED PEOPLE

ST. DANIELS UAME CHURCH CEMETERY Stephen Rider Stephen and Mary Rider, who lived east along the Turnpike, were of the same type, and are gone these many years. At St. Daniel’s I read the inscription on Stephen’s grave a few months ago, “January 2, 1899.”

1824 - 1899

Little Known History of Newark, Delaware and Its Environs by Francis A. Cooch (The Press of Kells, Newark, 1936) St. Daniels UAME Church Cemetery

David James, Sr. Samuel James Son of Zebulon Son of Zebulon Born 1849 1823 - 1881

Hannah James Wife of David, Sr. Born 1840

Helen M. James 1881 - 1959 Cecelia James 1830 - 1900 St. Daniels UAME Church Cemetery

Gertrude Alberta James Harry James

Father Mother Father Mother Samuel James Rebecca James Samuel James Rebecca James 1902 - 1915 1885 - 1915 St. Daniels UAME Church Cemetery

Patriarch of the Family David Smith Ernest G. Smith Allen O. Smith III

1868 - 1926 1925 - 1982 1958 - 2004 His son participated in the Iron Hill Oral History project. St. Daniels UAME Church Cemetery

James R. Chandler Nora Mae Williams (Thompson) 1920 - 1997

Emma L. Chandler 1937 - 2005 1922 - 1983 St. Daniels UAME Church Cemetery

Anna Mildred Earl Jean W. Earl Willard Earl

1921 -1978 1933 - 1993 US Army World War II St. Daniels UAME Church Cemetery

Alice Grinnage Edward G. Webster Alexander Grier

1920 - 1991 1873 - 1951 1870 - 1922 St. Daniels UAME Church Cemetery

Herman Wellington David Reading Taylor Nathan W. Wrench

Died November 22, 1853 World War I 1892 - 1960 MT. ZION UAME CHURCH Original Mt. Zion UAME Church New Lodon Ave, Newark, Delaware

58 MT. ZION UAME NEW LONDON ROAD & CLEVELAND AVENUE Mt. Zion UAME

Mt. Zion UAME was founded in 1868 in an abandoned blacksmith shop near Boogie Run at the corner of New London Rd and Ray St. Congregants walked three miles to St. Daniels UAME in Iron Hill before the establishment of Mt. Zion. In 1869 the congregation acquired land on the opposite side of New London Rd and used wood from the blacksmith shop to erect a new church. New construction on the church at its current location began in 1979 and the doors opened in 1981. In 2003 the church was enlarged and rededicated. Mt. Zion was part of the first incorporated church movement established under the control of free blacks in the U.S. founded by Peter Spencer in 1813. United States Census 1880 George James NEWARK, New Castle Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation George James Self Male 38 B Delaware Laborer Elizabeth James Wife Female 34 B Delaware Keeps House James T. James Son Male 16 B Delaware Laborer Joseph S. James Son Male 15 B Delaware Laborer William H. James Son Male 12 B Delaware at Home Mary A. James Daughter Female 10 B Delaware at Home Ezekiel James Son Male 8 B Delaware VII SOME COLORED PEOPLE

Francis A. Cooch

Appendix I: Speech given by J. Wilkens Cooch at Mt. Zion UAME Church during the James Family Reunion in 1905

LITTLE KNOWN HISTORY OF NEWARK, DELAWARE AND ITS ENVIRONS BY FRANCIS A. COOCH (THE PRESS OF KELLS, NEWARK, 1936) VII SOME COLORED PEOPLE

Last week I examined the Mill books of my Grandfather, William Cooch, and by them I find that Zebulon James was in his employ on May 2, 1817.

He came to my Grandfather from Pennsylvania, bringing his good wife Jane, who was as good a woman as ever lived. He had been a driver of Conestoga wagon, hauling goods from Philadelphia to Lancaster.

Speech given by J. Wilkens Cooch at Mt. Zion UAME Church during the James Family Reunion in 1905

LITTLE KNOWN HISTORY OF NEWARK, DELAWARE AND ITS ENVIRONS BY FRANCIS A. COOCH (THE PRESS OF KELLS, NEWARK, 1936) VII SOME COLORED PEOPLE

When my brother William and I went into the iron ore business, he (Abijah, Sr.) was the driver of our big team, and it seemed to me he could do anything he wanted to with that team.

…..so far as I have heard, they have kept the good name handed down by their father, and illustrates what the good book says, that “A good name is rather to be chosen than great riches, and loving favor than silver and gold.”

Speech given by J. Wilkens Cooch at Mt. Zion UAME Church during the James Family Reunion in 1905

LITTLE KNOWN HISTORY OF NEWARK, DELAWARE AND ITS ENVIRONS BY FRANCIS A. COOCH (THE PRESS OF KELLS, NEWARK, 1936) United States Census 1870 Granville Badson Newark, New Castle, Delaware Household Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation Granville Badson Male 27 B Pennsylvania Works on Farm Mary Badson Female 25 B Delaware William Badson Male 3 B Delaware George Badson Male 0 B Delaware United States Census 1900 William O. Badson Newark, New Castle, Delaware Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation William O Badson Head Male 34 B Delaware Clara Badson Wife Female 29 B Delaware Alverta Badson Daughter Female 11 B Delaware Helen R Badson Daughter Female 6 B Delaware William L Badson Son Male 2 B Delaware Charles C Badson Son Male 1 B Delaware United States Census 1910 William O. Badson Newark, New Castle, Delaware Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation William Badson Head Male 48 B Delaware Laborer Clara Badson Wife Female 38 B Delaware Alverta Badson Daughter Female 20 B Delaware Helen Badson Daughter Female 16 B Delaware Willian Badson Son Male 12 B Delaware Charles Badson Son Male 10 B Delaware Lloyd Badson Son Male 8 B Delaware Herschel Badson Son Male 0 B Delaware United States Census 1870 Joseph Rider White Clay Creek, Delaware Household Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation Joseph Rider Male 57 B Maryland Farmer Susan Rider Female 42 B Maryland Joseph Jacobs Male 26 B Delaware Joseph Rider Male 17 B Delaware James Rider Male 18 B Delaware Columbus Rider Male 14 B Delaware Louisa Rider Female 16 B Delaware Sarah Rider Female 12 B Delaware Charles Rider Male 0 B Delaware Mt. Zion UAME Mortgage burning 1943 Mt. Zion UAME Mortgage burning 1943

5 6 7 8 9 4 10 11 1 2 3

15 19 20

12 13 14 16 17 18 United States Census 1940 Loyd Badson Newark, New Castle, Delaware Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation 1 Loyd Badson Head Male 38 B Delaware Pigment Factor Wo Clara Badson Mother Female 68 B Delaware 9 Elsie Badson Sister-in-law Female 38 B Delaware Charles Badson Brother Male 40 B Delaware Charles Badson, Jr Cousin Male 16 B Delaware 2 Huschell Badson Brother Male 30 B Delaware 19 Florence Badson Sister-in-law Female 28 B Delaware Marguerite Badson Cousin Female 12 B Delaware United States Census 1940 William Ricks Newark, New Castle, Delaware Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation William P Ricks Head Male 29 B Penn. Janitor Univ. of DE Josephine E Ricks Wife Female 32 B Delaware 7 Ann Ricks Daughter Female 12 B Delaware Rose Marie Ricks Daughter Female 10 B Delaware Phillip Ricks Son Male 8 B Delaware Carolyn Ricks Daughter Female 7 B Delaware 11 Bernice Ricks Daughter Female 5 B Delaware Tracey Ricks Son Male 3 B Delaware United States Census 1940 John E. Chambers Newark, New Castle, Delaware Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation

18 John E Chambers Head Male 74 B Maryland John L Chambers Son Male 39 B Maryland United States Census 1940 (Rev.) Alfred Miller Delaware City, New Castle, Delaware Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation

17 Alfred Miller Head Male 54 B Delaware Groomsman A. Melinda Miller Wife Female 52 B Delaware

Buried Mount Pisgah UAME Church Cemetery Summit Bridge Road, Middletown, DE United States Census 1940 Florence Bowser Newark, New Castle, Delaware Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation

14 Florence Bowser Head Female 58 B Delaware Samuel Wright Father Male 83 B Pennsylvania Florence Sallie Granddaughter Female 9 B New Jersey United States Census 1940 Charles W. Wilson Newark, New Castle, Delaware Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation 20 Charles W Wilson Head Male 60 B Delaware Gardener Sarah K Wilson Wife Female 46 B Virginia Raymond Wilson Son Male 30 B Delaware Mabel Wilson Daughter Female 14 B Delaware Allan Wilson Son Male 20 B Delaware

Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation George Wilson Head Male 25 B Delaware Laborer Alice Wilson Wife Female 22 B Maryland Richard Wilson Son Male 5 B Maryland George Wilson was the first and only African-American elected to Newark City Council. United States Census 1940 Howard L Thompson Newark, New Castle, Delaware Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation OccupationHoward L Thompson Head Male 58 B Delaware Janitor Bank 13 Lillian M Thompson Wife Female 56 B Delaware Private Fam. United States Census 1940 Charles Hayman Newark, New Castle, Delaware Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation Charles Hayman, Jr Head Male 35 B Delaware Sch Bus Driv. 8 Sarah E Hayman Wife Female 31 B Delaware Private Fam. Raymond Hayman Son Male 13 B Delaware Vivian Hayman Daughter Female 12 B Delaware Barbara Hayman Daughter Female 11 B Delaware Marjorie Hayman Daughter Female 9 B Delaware Bernice Hayman Daughter Female 7 B Delaware Bernard Hayman Son Male 4 B Delaware Ronald Hayman Son Male 3 B Delaware Francis James Lodger Male 22 B Delaware Kitchen Man United States Census 1940 Cora Thomas Newark, New Castle, Delaware Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation 5 Cora Thomas Head Female 39 B Delaware Hk Private Fam. Henry Thomas Son Male 20 B Delaware Alma Thomas Daughter Female 16 B Delaware Calvin Thomas Son Male 15 B Delaware Manda Thomas Mother Female 76 B Delaware Samuel Walker Lodger Male 35 B Virginia Laborer United States Census 1940 Clarence E. Spencer Newark, New Castle, Delaware Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation Clarence E Spencer Head Male 47 B Delaware Coal Yard 4 Ethel V Spencer Wife Female 39 B Delaware Hilda Spencer Daughter Female 23 B Delaware Louis M Spencer Son Male 22 B Delaware Railroad Clarence C Spencer Son Male 21 B Delaware Truck Driver Dorothy Spencer Daughter Female 17 B Delaware Marshal Spencer Grandchild Male 1 B Delaware Dorothy E Spencer Grandchild Female 6 B Delaware Evelyn Watson Lodger Female 19 B Delaware Jacklyn Watson Lodger's daughter Female 1 B Delaware United States Census 1940 Howard L. Thompson Newark, New Castle, Delaware Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation 16 James T Thompson Head Male 54 B Delaware Walter Tolson Stepbrother Male 41 B Delaware Myrtle Lane Daughter-in-law Female 23 B Delaware Randolp Lane Son-in-law Male 26 B Delaware 12 Mabel Bond Stepdaughter Female 4 B Delaware Mt. Zion UAME Cemetery

82 Mt. Zion UAME Church Cemetery James Family

JAMES, A. Rebecca JAMES, Ella JAMES, Carrie E. JAMES, Herbert T. JAMES, David JAMES, Herbert T. JAMES, Edith JAMES, Herbert T. JAMES, Elizabeth JAMES, James T. JAMES, Elizabeth JAMES, James T. JAMES, Ella JAMES, Mary JAMES, Samuel G.W. Mt. Zion UAME Church Cemetery

1- ADAM, Rene 16- HAMILTON, Lola F. 2- ANDERSON, Atwood C. 17- HARRIS, John Fletcher 3- BISHOP, B.T. 18- HARRIS, Maggie 4- BOWMAN, Bettie 19- HAYMAN, Bernard G. 5- BOWSER, Florence 20- HAYMAN, Bernice M. 6- BOYD, Ella 21- HAYMAN, Roland N. 7- CARNEY, Carrie Williams 22- HOGANS, John 8- CHAMBERS, John E. 23- JOHNSON, Clara A. 9- CHAMBERS, Martha A. 24- JONES, Catherine 10- CHAMBERS, S. Lavinia 25- LANE, Thomas L. 11- CONKEY, Elsworth M. 26- LEWIS, Caroline 12- CURTIS, Harold H. 27- LEWIS, Catherine L. 13- EDWARDS, Doris R. 28- LEWIS, David A. 14- FERGUSON , Alfield 29- LEWIS, Joseph E. 15- GARLAND, Rachel Elizabeth 30- LEWIS, Mary E.

The James Family and the Saunders Family records were previously recorded. Mt. Zion UAME Church Cemetery

31- LITTLEPAGE, Cecelia J. 46- RIDER, Catherine 32- LOPER, George 47- RIDER, Charles H. 33- LOWE, Emma M. 48- ROBERTS, Hattie J. 34- LOWE, John W. 49- ROBERTS, Rutham 35- LUMPKIN, Mary 50- ROBINSON, Mary A. 36- MCNAIR, Chris J. 51- ROLEY, Rachel A. 37- MILTON, Alice 52- ROY, Marie H. 38- MILTON, Robert S. 53- SEAGERS , S.O. 39- PATRICK, Craig Daniel 54- SHOWELL, Alma P. 40- PATRICK, Kurt Thomas 55- SMITH, Annie M. 41- PENNELTON, James M. 56- SMITH, David W., Rev. 42- PONDEXTER 57- SWAN, Daniel E. 43- POTTER 58- THOMPSON, Fannie 44- R. Harvey 59- TOULSON, Edward 45- RICKS, Josephine E. 60- TOULSON, Pearl B.

The James Family and the Saunders Family records were previously recorded. Mt. Zion UAME Church Cemetery

61- TUCKER, Mary Ellen 62- TUCKER, Sarah Watson 63- TUNNEL, Jean 64- WALKER, Alfred A. 65- WALKER, C.N., Rev. 66- WALKER, Lola Draper 67- WALKER, Samuel 68- WALLACE, Calvin C., Jr. 69- WALLACE, Esther 70- WATSON, George 71- WELDON, Aaron 72- WILLIAMS, Mary N. Hamlett 73- WILSON, Charles D. 74- WILSON, Charles W. 75- WILSON, Laura G.

The James Family and the Saunders Family records were previously recorded. Mt. Zion UAME Church Cemetery Born in Iron Hill

Samuel James Rebecca James

Little Known Histories Of Newark ………. Dec. 25 1854 - Dec. 24 1933 Nov. 6 1860 – Apr. 26 1932 Mt. Zion UAME Church Cemetery Born in Iron Hill

Herbert James David James Cella James Daughter of David

July 28, 1849 – Died Feb. 18, 1926 Aug. 29, 1916 Feb. 24, 1887 – Aug. 4, 1929 Mt. Zion UAME Church Cemetery Born in Iron Hill

Elizabeth James Herbert T. James

1865 - 1946 1913 - 1985 Mt. Zion UAME Church Cemetery Born in Iron Hill

Past Exalted Ruler Samuel Walker And Past President Joseph E. Lewis Mary E. Lewis Elks Lodge

Of the Tri-State 1905 - 1955 Convention 1879 - 1952 A member of the 1886 - 1947 Grand Lodge Mt. Zion UAME Church Cemetery Born in Iron Hill

Annie M. Smith Rev. David W. Smith

1840 – Oct 14, 1918 Mt. Zion UAME Church Cemetery Born in Iron Hill

Charles H. Rider Robert Smith 1871 - 1936 1879 - 1926

Catherine Rider 1876 - 1920 Alice Milton Smith 1879 - 1936 Harvey R. Rider 1904 - 1940 New Mt. Zion UAME Church

Opened in 1981 ST. JOHN’S AUMP CHURCH St. John’s AUMP Church Founded 1848 St. John Church Methodist Church

This congregation was organized circa 1848. Early meetings were held in a log cabin at this location on land that was conveyed to trustees of the “Protestant Methodist Church” in 1850. In 1866 the members of the First Colored Methodist Protestant denomination merged with the African Union Church, which had been founded in Wilmington in 1813 and was the first incorporated religious body controlled entirely by African-Americans. The new denomination became known as the African Union Methodist Protestant Church. On December 6, 1890, this congregation was formally incorporated as “St. John’s A.U.M.P. Church.” The first house of worship was replaced by the present structure in 1867. It was extensively remodeled in 1960. Renamed St. John African Methodist Church in 1996, this church continues to serve the spiritual needs of the Newark community today. NC-167: Originally Installed in 2006 The History of the State Delaware Volume II by Henry Clay Conrad Reverend Solomon Benson DELAWARE MARRIAGE RECORD

Name: Solomon Benson Event Type: Marriage Event Date: 29 Jul 1869 Event Place: Tent, New Castle, DE Event Place (Original): Tent, New Castle, DE Gender: Male Spouse's Name: Mahala Miller Spouse's Gender: Female Note: 174-2002

98 United States Census 1870 Mahala Benson (widow of Solomon Benson) White Clay Creek Hundred, New Castle, Delaware Household Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation Alexander Lowber Male 64 W Delaware Doctor Adaline Lowber Female 57 W Delaware Alexander Lowber Male 28 W Delaware Adaline E Lowber Female 23 W Delaware Mahala Benson Female 43 B Maryland Joseph McCumens Male 13 B Delaware Geo McCumens Male 10 B Delaware United States Census 1850 Daniel Russell , New Castle, Delaware Household Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation Daniel Russell Male 38 B Maryland Maria Russell Female 40 B Maryland Absalone Russell Male 13 B Maryland Sarah Russell Female 7 B Maryland Conrad Vincent Male 7 B Maryland John Vincent Male 2 B Maryland Hetty Vincent Female 0 B Delaware

United States Census 1870 White Clay Creek Hundred, New Castle, Delaware, Daniel Russell Male 60 B Delaware Methodist Minister Anna Maria Russell Female 60 B Delaware Anna Maria Merica Female 9 B New Jersey United States Census 1880 Moses Chippey Wilmington, New Castle, Delaware Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation Moses Chippey Self Male 64 B Delaware ME Clergyman Rozanna Chippey Wife Female 63 B Maryland United States Census 1880 Edward Chippey Wilmington, New Castle, Delaware Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation Edward Chippey Self Male 50 B Delaware ME Clergyman Sarah E. Chippey Wife Female 34 B Delaware Keeping House Edward W. Chippey Son Male 19 B Delaware Tailor Jacob Chippey Son Male 12 B Delaware S. Watson Chippey Son Male 6 B Delaware Caroline Chippey Daughter Female 3 B Delaware Frances Ann Farrow Mother-in-law Female 52 B Delaware United States Census 1900 Edward H Chippy Head Male 75 B Delaware Clergyman Sarah E Chippy Wife Female 51 B Delaware Samuel W Chippy Son Male 26 B Delaware Frances A Farrow Mother-in-law Female 69 B Delaware United States Census 1860 Griffin Sa(u)nders White Clay Creek Hundred, New Castle, Delaware, Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation Griffin Sanders Head Male 39 B Del Day Laborer Grace Sanders Wife Female 32 B Del Sarah Sanders Daughter Female 8 B Del John Sanders Son Male 12 B Del Anna Sanders Daughter Female 5 B Del Griffin Sanders, Jr. Son Male 2 B Del

Griffin Sa(u)nders, Jr. became a medical doctor and practiced medicine in Philadelphia, PA. United States Census 1880 Griffin Sa(u)nders Newark, Delaware Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation Griffin Sanders Self Male 53 B Delaware Laborer Grace Sanders Wife Female 57 B Delaware Housekeeper William Sanders Son Male 17 B Delaware Waiter

Grace (Chase) Sanders was former a servant to the Miller Family in Newark. United States Census 1900 William Saunders Newark, Delaware Household Role Sex Age Race Birthplace Occupation William Saunders Head Male 36 B Delaware Carpenter Mary A Saunders Wife Female 30 B Delaware Griffin A Saunders Son Male 12 B Delaware School William G Saunders Son Male 5 B Delaware School Annie E Saunders Son Male 3 B Delaware Sarah L Saunders Daughter Female 1 B Delaware Employers of Women Employers of Men

1940

1. Private Families 1. - Janitor 2. Laundress 2. University of Delaware - Maintenance 3. University of Delaware - Maid 3. Curtis Paper Company 4. University of Delaware - Cook 4. American Vulcanized Fiber 5. School teachers 5. Chauffeurs 6. Private Families 7. Janitors 8. School Teachers 9. Preacher 10. Carpenters and Electricians

106 Mt. Zion UAME Church Cemetery St. John’s AUMP Members Griffin Saunders Grace Chase-Saunders William G. Saunders James O. Saunders Samuel Saunders William Saunders Mary James-Saunders Virginia L. Johnson-Saunders Earl W. Saunders Sr. Cora Berry-Saunders Earl W. Saunders Jr.

Saunders Family Plot St. John’s AUMP Church Cemetery St. John’s AUMP Church Cemetery

109 St. John’s AUMP Church Cemetery

110 St. John’s AUMP Church Cemetery

111 St. John’s AUMP Church Cemetery

112 St. John’s AUMP Church Cemetery

113 St. John’s AUMP Church Cemetery

114 The Peter Spencer Churches of Newark, Delaware