A SUMMARY REPORT
ON THE
EXAMINATION OF THE ALLUVIAL SAMPLES East River Block Attawapiskat River Project Porcupine District
MICHAEL W. MILNER Geomorphologist Placer Specialist, Mineralogist April,2005
FOR PELE MOUNTAIN RESOURCES INC. TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTlON 3
PURPOSE AND SCOPE 3
METHODOLOGY 4
GEOWGICAL SETTING 4
STRATIGRAPHY 5
STRllCTURE 6
IMP ACT HYPOTHESIS 7
GLACIAL HISTORY 8
RESllLTS AND CONCLUSIONS 9
SUMMARY OF DATA 10
CERTIFICATE 14
REFERENCES 15
2 I NTROD UCfION
This report pertains to samples (040312A and 040313B, 17/04/2003) collected by Richard Daigle, of Dowling, Ontario on Pele Mountain Resources' Attawapiskat River Project, East River Block property, Claim 1167271 (Figure 1). The samples were provided to the author by Mr. Al Shefsky ofPele Mountain Resources to be processed in Toronto for diamonds and indicator minerals. The results were initially provided to Pele Mountain Resources verbally. This report represents a summary of analysis, photo documentation, reference material and descriptions relevant to the sample.
A secondary purpose of this analysis is an academic study of the surface microtextures of minerals such as quartz and zircon (see Mahaney 2002; Mahaney and Milner 1997). Both spheroidal garnets, mainly spessartite, and quartz, which in Wawa lamprophyre, Ogoki River samples and these Attawapiskat River samples are close to pristine and are lacking in significant fracturing that might be incurred in either glacial or river transport. Kyanite is another mineral, present in this sample, with potential for further research (Fipkie et ai., 1999).
Morphological changes for distance of transport from the pipe has been given for pyrope. Dummet (1984) described the spherical form, "orange peel" surface texture of the pyrope at the pipe and the subsequent breaking and rounding of the mineral with distance of transport. The question is - can the well worn mineral, whether spheroidal quartz, possibly with relicts of coesite (Helmstadt 1975), or mantle garnets, be recognized in sediments some distance removed from the kimberlitic source and can the history of the grain - whether fluvial, glacial and aeolian - be distinguished from non kimberlitic quartz by surface microtexture?
The report of the unsuccessful search for diamonds and of the nature of indicators and the general nature of the concentrate to that almost identical mineralogy to that of the concentrates from deeply weathered lamprophyre dike, were provided to the client verbally.
PURPOSE AND SCOPE
The primary purpose of this report is to report on work done on the separation of indicator minerals and possibly diamonds. A secondary purpose is to familiarize the author with the broader geological and geomorphological features that might aide in the interpretation of the samples and their lithology and mineralogy. This mineral examination is part of ongoing studies on surface microtextures of quartz, garnet and kyanite at York University in the Pedology and Geomorphological Lab where the author is an Adjunct Professor.
The scope of this exercise is limited. The samples are blind samples taken for reconnaissance. The initial impression is that the shells Hialella arctica represented a raised beach. perhaps exposed in a river section, however, the shell collection includes fine textured shell material that could include terrestrial and or fluvial species
3 METHODOLOGY
The samples were obtained from a select site by an experienced sampler in the region (Richard Daigle). The samples were taken from the Nayshkootataow River, a tributary of the Attawapiskat River, about two kilometres south of the main river (Figure 1). The river drains kimberlite pipes Wiskey-I, Victor to the north and X-ray to the south of the river, about 14 km along a river lineament (074). The sampled material comes from below running water at two locations, approximately 100 metres apart. Fine grained material was abundant (see Scan 3 for sand and silt left from the screening).
The samples were processed in Toronto using diamond sieves of the Milner Prospecting Kit. The Kit has been used in Canada and abroad since 1980 for very fine grained gold and more recently for diamonds and diamond indicators. The sediment was screened at size fractions of 5.0mm, 1.7mm and 1.0mm with limited use of fine sieves at 700 microns. Designed after Brazilian sieves, the set is comprised of aluminum frame and stainless woven mesh compressed into the frames to produce a curved or shallow bowl-form that allows for the concentration by jigging of a central ultraheavy concentrate, an intermediate layer of medium heavy concentrate and a light fraction of both rock and mineral particles. Conspicuous separation of granitic and ultramafic rock particles, of skarn minerals and country rock particles and metamorphic minerals of various specific gravities occur as layers and because of the spherical nature of the bottom surface of the concentrate or "cake". Bulls eyes of the edges of density layers, commonly a central circle of magnetite or pyrite a first ring or second layer of heavy silicate, a second ring or third layer of light silicate and a background or forth layer of light minerals and rock particles. Occasionally, light material such as gossan, graphitic shale, amber, and fluorite, and shells, rise to the upper surface of the jigged material.
The minerals were picked from this jig concentrate, using a binocular microscope, in the same way that numerous diamonds from Pele Mountain's Wawa Project were jigged. The color micrographs of 13 millimetre diameter Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) stubs shown in SC AN 1-14 represent interesting minerals that might yield microtextures reflecting type of rounding mechanism that might reflect environments of transport - weather glacial, fluvial or diatreme.
Analyses consist of Energy Dispersive Spectra (EDS) at the University of Toronto. The author has been using their SEM-EDS system since 1978. The analysis presented here were done on an outgoing Link analytical system with estimates of the peak heights used for mineral identification. Peaks such as Cr in the garnets probably represents about 1% detectability. Operating voltage is usually 15KEV. Part of the delay in this academic study is conversion of this operator to new digital imaging and digital recording of spectra now attached to the JEOL SEM.
GEOLOGICAL SETIING
The Attawapiskat region is centered in Hudson Bay Lowland terrain dominated by a cover of peat bog on glacial silts on glacial till on bedrock of Paleozoic marine sedi ments. The
4 Precambrian basement is in the order of 1000 metres below surface. Dips are calculated to be Y2 metres/kilometer. Basement is exposed in highs in the Sutton Hills, 70km to the north and in the outcrop west of the present limit of the Paleozoic more than 150 km to the west. Basement highs are known in the James Bay basin arc (see be/ow)
The Paleozoic bedrock is exposed in a fluvial belt 5 to 10 km wide and has been mapped over a length on 70 km by Suchy and Stearn (1993) from the kimberlites down stream as part of a study of the patch reefs of the Attawapiskat River formation. Limestone of the underlying Ekwan River formation outcrops up river from the kimberlite for about 50 km.
The distribution of kimberlite compiled from Sage (2000) on the map of Suchy and Stearn (1993) (Figure 2). Six kimberlite bodies occur in the area of limestone that was mapped for stratigraphy and structure by Suchy and Stearn (1993). The four northern kimberlites (the Tangos and MacFaydens) occur in their north- western horst, in the northern part of the cluster and Victor, Whiskey and X-ray occur in the south-eastern horst in the central part of the cluster. The southern part of the cluster (Yankee, X-ray, Alpha, India, and the eastern most, Delta, as well as Pele's claim) is in the south-eastern grabben of Suchy and Steam (1993).
In the west, structure is dominated by the regional Upper Attawapiskat River fault (064). In the east. the structure is controlled by the Winisk River fault (115). The central keystone (block 4 of Suchy and Stearn (1993) is high and the eastern horst block 6 is the limit of outcrop of the Middle Silurian Attawapiskat River formation before it is completely masked by the Upper Silurian Kenogami River formation.
The anomalous presence of bedrock in this area prompts speculation ofuplitl, either near the time of kimberlite intrusion, possibly related to the normal faulting or following deglaciation, as pal1 of the rebound process.
Iron formation grains are present in the sample and is common in the region (Britton 1938; Gross 1963) It may derive from the crust below or from sources on the Belcher Islands, Sutton Hills or fiuvially, from the Attawapiskat River, as well as crustal material in the pipe.
STRATIGRAPHY
Fossils from the Attawapiskat Formation are described (Hansman 1968; Gass and Mikulic 1982 {from Ekwan River north of Attawapiskat type section}; Rudkin and Westrop 1996; Chow 1987: Chow and Stearn 1985,1 987a) and the stratigraphy studied and complex faulting mapped (Suchy 1992; Suchy and Stearn 1992; Suchy and Stearn 1993){ all on the type section in the Attawapiskat diamond field}. 'rhis study presents distribution of Attawapiskat patch reef both on the river cliffs and on the interfiuves, including but not identifying kimberlite locations. Numerous faults grouping in 060 and 130 were initiated at the time ofreef development when blocks slid off escarpments into topographic lows. Distribution of the known pipes is presented by Sage (2000: 63) that shows trends 165 to 150. The dominant 165 trend is not mapped by Suchy but can be seen in his data. Karst in this type area (Crowell 1980, 1981 and 1993) are used by Suchy and Stearn (1993) in compilation of outcrop locations. Regional faults Winisk River
5 fault (115) and Upper Attawapiskat fault (064) are argued to be active frequently - in Proterozoic time, during the Lower Silurian, during the deposition of the Attawapiskat and overlying Kenogami River formation, and since deglaciation 8,000 years ago. One might presume that there was some fault activity during the intrusion of the Attawapiskat pipes in Lower Jurassic time
Paleozoic stratigraphic units mapped initially by the Geological Survey of Canada. Silurian Ekwan River Fonnation outcrops to the northwest of the Attawapiskat diamond field. The contact is described by Suchy and Stearn (1997) as a fault contact trending 064 and presented as a projection of the basement fault and linears in the Upper Attawapiskat River. The Attawapiskat River Formation is down faulted with a distinct grabben downstream and a prominent horst further downstream. The regional southeast dip of less than 1m per kilometer appears to be consumed within the grabben. There is no clear impression of any basement arching in the area of the kimberlites in the presentation of Suchy and Stearn. The younger, Kenogami River Formation is present in the area of the Attawapiskat River Formation as infill and cover on the patch reefs. More than about 50 km downstream the absence of outcrop is taken to represent Kenogami River Formation dipping gently southeast.
STRUCTURE
Age of intrusions in the Attawapiskat kimberlites (Lower Jurassic) in comparisons Kyle Lake kimberlites (Mesoproterozoic ) are given by Stott (2003). Kelyphite rimming is present in the Victor pipe but appears to be absent in others. Diatreme facies appear to be absent because of a lack of granitic crustal cover and leaky Paleozoic cover that allowed volatiles to escape Kong et al (1998) and Sage (2000)
The Attawapiskat Kimberlite field, trends t 65 for a length of 35 km and, with a diffuse eastern margin, has a width to about 15 km.
The projection of both the Winisk Fault (115) and the basement fault through the headwaters of the Attawapiskat River (064), appear to truncate the north end of the field. The distribution of the outcrop mapped by early GSC mapping (see Figure 4) show a high density in the Attawapiskat River downstream (070) from the northern part of the cluster and perpendicular to the cluster.
Between the Attawapiskat and Kyle fields appears to be an artifact of the monoclina! draping of the cover rocks over the Upper Attawapiskat River Fault with south side down. The local surface expression near the diamond field is the grabben structure which locally controls the sedimentary contact.
An "arc of islands" (see Figure 3) extends from near the contact with Precambrian west of the James Bay basin, tree of these islands are present south of the Albany River and the pattern swings to the east, north ofOgoki village, to a large basement island north of Massisa Lake (along the Massisa River) - projecting further to the east end of Sutton Hills outlier. This "rim" appears to be controlled by the James Bay basin and could reflect an impact such as proposed by Kjarsgaard (1995) and Heaman and Kjarsgaard (2000).
6 Tangential to this arc are possible linaments representing fault-bound topography. Whether they are islands in the Ordovician sea or the crest of a secondary movement of an ancient basement fault or one of the many tectonic adjustments recognized on the continent in middle Silurian times is unknown. In the south near the highs on the Kenogami and Current rivers the trend is 160. North of Ogoki two basement "windows" trend 160 and project to the margin of the basin north to the deflection of the basin margin outcrop north of the offset produced by the Upper Attawapiskat River Fault 064. Further along this arc the Massisa River basement "window" falls in al 0 km wide belt (160) that includes the main part of the crescent ofthe Kyle Lake Proterozoic kimberlite field. South of this arc and with no apparent basement highs, the Attawapiskat appears to trend 165. A similar inner arc can be drawn through carhonatites: NagagamL in the south; Albany Forks; Poplar Rapids and Lawashi, to the east on the margin of James Bay.
IMPACT HYPOTHESIS
Aside from basinal impact models, arcuate anomalies both of basement outcropping and of carbonatite around western James Bay basin suggesting an impact origin (see Haliung 1978, 1979), a model for smaller arcuate landform should be considered in conjunction with the distrihution and exploration for pipes.
An alternate locus of the kimberlite pipes can be related to the hypotheses of Heaman and Kjarsgaard (2000). Images from impacts on Mars show what appear to be conical landforms representing pipe structures. The distribution of these structures is high just outside the rim of the impact structure and more scattered pipes but radially aligned, further from the rim. Some pipes occur in the crater of the Martian structure (Milner et al., 2003).
On the A ttawapiskat River an arcuate reach commences at the nOlih end of the pi pes with a sharp deflection of about 70 degrees. The reach goes through an arc of 130 degrees where the river undergoes another strong deflection. As in the Martian analogue, the highest concentration of pipes is outside the circular feature at radius II km. The Victor pipe, at 15 km, might appear to be the optimum distance. From 11 to 15 km radius seven pipes are contained. The sample sites of this report are about 15 km from the center and the last glaciation crosses the 11-15 km belt and sediments would report in fluvial concentration in these well placed positions.
The Delta pipe is at radius 20 km on a radial trend 152. A linear gap in the limestone, possibly a dike, similar to breaks used by Suchy and Stearn (1993) to identify faults. extends from close to the geometrically constructed center of the hypothetical structure at a trend of 160, parallel to the general trend of the Attawapiskat diamond field.
It appears as though neotectonic activity is elevating the terrain north of the fault on the Ekwan River (Suchy and Stearn 1993). To the southeast outcrop is prominent in the river course south of the fault to the northern projection of the Attawapiskat kimherlite trend. Downstream on the Attawapiskat River from the kimberlite zone outcrop becomes, relatively, very abundant on both sides of the Winisk Fault.
7 GLACIAL HISTORY
Strata of Pleistocene sediments in the Hudson Bay lowland comprise several layers (McDonald 1968 and Brereton and Elson 1975).
The Attawapiskat diamond field is in anomalous segment of the river marked by a very high density of outcrop downstream to the east for about 40 km. This clustered outcrop is shown on Figure 3 for the Attawapiskat and other rivers as a wiggly drainage line. The presence of outcrops of patch reef downstream from the pipes would be explained by Suchy and Stearn (1993) as lithologic - the patch reefs standing proud, while the overlying Kenogami River Formation weathers shy, producing an anastomosing river pattern. Upstream Ekwan River formation is more homogenous. The presence of both the Winisk River Fault and the Upper Attawapiskat River Fault (shown on Figures 3 and 4) as 115 and 064 respectively. The regional postglacial uplift of I metres per century, and the neotectonic activity described by Suchy and Stearn (1993), it seems probable that some of this outcrop (Figures 3 and 4) is related to crustal warping, if not arching, related to the diamond field.
Overburden is present away from the fluvially eroded upland and river canyons. Glacial stratigraphy is complex. About five layers are encountered in drilling in the region ( Ed Walker personal communication). Presumably similar to the Moose River stratigraphy (Brereton and Elson (1975) with five tills and numerous fluvial, lacustrine organic and soil horizons.
One sample processed from the west in overburden down ice from a geophysical target was comprised of very cohesive clay material. This is very similar to western clay-till (Bajc, 1991) and to be derived from Kenogami River, Middle member a shale, mudstone and some sandstone.
Ice directions for early glacial transport, presumably preserved in the lowest till unit, are from the east, approximately parallel to the Attawapiskat (Veillette and McClenaghan 1996) Dispersion of carbonates to the southwest from the Paleozoic limit reflects latc glacial transport directions (Hildes, el at., 2005; Dredge and Cowan, 1989)
Ice flow directions for late glacial times is from the north (Nielsen, 2002). Latc glacial spillways played some role in glacial fluvial transport (Breckenridge, el al.. 2004 ). Outburst flooding may explain the amount of fluvially stripping along the Attawapiakat valley
Bogs dominate the Hudson Bay Lowland (Sjors, 1963, Roulet and McKenzie, 1998 and bog and water in the form of string bogs are impOltant in development of organic landforms and drainage ( Reeve el al., 1994; 1996). It seems that in the region of outcrop of the Attawapiskat River Formation, cover, whether glacial, lacustrine of fluvial has been removed by fluvial processes prior to both about 8 metres entrenchment of the Attawapiskat River. and the development of the wetlands, over a portion of the last 8,000 years when glacial rebound was maximum and the Attawapiskat stream gradients was decreasing.
8 RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
The coarse granular material yielded no diamonds on screens down to 700 urn. Orange garnets, near perfect sphereoids dominate the concentrate. Purple garnets were common and occur as large broken fragments. Spinel family minerals were abundant. Kyanite is present. Gold occurs in trace amounts. Spheroidal quartz is common with well polished surfaces in sharp contrast to the "frosted micro texture of both pink and orange garnets.
The purple garnets being broken and display some rounding These are presumed to come from some distance (14 km), while the more abundant spheres of orange garnet appear to be more proximaL However one could argue that the more spherical garnets are more numerous therefore are more apparent. The crushing of large purple garnets in the pipe may render them more vulnerable to fluvial destruction.
Kyanite is present in the sample. The source could be the Precambrian to the west via fluvial transport since 8,000 years ago when the region became exposed. Alternatively. glacial materials transported from the north or from basement highs such as Sutton Hills. Such long distance transport would tend to grind to oblivion because of the three good to excellent mineral cleavages. A pipe source for this kyanite with moderate transport is the preferred interpretation.
Zircons in the sample seem to be lacking in the larger mantle vanities and are presumed to representation crustal contamination.
Gold is present in small quantities in very fine grains. Their source appears to be kimberlitic. Neither the Ni alloy signature of mantle gold nor the silver alloy of crustal gold has been recognized.
Shell fragments and rock particles of a number of lithologies were present in the coarse sieves ..
Shells are present in the material processed. The site is below the elevation of the marine limit and is in a zone in which both intertidal flats and beach ridges could have marine shells
9 SUMMARY OF DATA Values are estimates of peak height SC AN 1 Shells Hiatella arctica ? With a variety of much more delicate, possibly fresh water shells A outside surface, B inside view
SC AN 2 Pebbles
SCAN 3 Sand
SCAN 4 Heavy Mineral Concentrates on palate A, B, C, D
SCAN 5 Stub 7 (LITH) and closeup of Stub 2 EDS DATA (from the SEM stones represent coarse heavy lithologies and their minerals LITH 1 Ti:KFe:Ca;Mg:AI;Si:: 1: 1:3:2:2:5: 12
LITH 2 light tone Fe;Na;Ca;AI;Si;;tr; 1;2;7; 11 inter tone Fe;Ca;Mg;Si;; 1;3;2:7 dark tone Fe;Ca;K;Mg;AI;Si:;2;2;tr;tr;3;8 LITH 3
LITH 4dark knob .... Si -Quartz Matrix supported grit sandstone light tone Fe;K;Ca;Mg;AI;Si;;]; 1;5;3;4; 1 ]
LITH 5 Fe;Ca;K;AI;Si;; 1; 1; 1;3; 12
LITH 6
LITH 7
LITH 8
LITH 9
LITH 10 Fe;Si;; 1;4
LITH 11
LITH 12
LITH 13 lite tone Fe;K;Ca;AI;Si;;6; 1;1 ;2; 12
LITH 14 center of stub light tone blade Fe;Na;Al;Si;;2;] ;3;9 matrix Fe;Ti;Ca;Mg;AI;Si;;7;3;4;2;4:1I
10 SCAN 6 Zircons A, B closeup of A, C, D closeup of C
SCAN 7 Stub 1
SCAN 8 Stub 2
SCAN 9 Stub 3
SCAN 10 Stub 4
SCAN 11 Stub 5
SCAN 12 Stub 6
SCAN 13 Stub 9
MIN 1(first row) Pink
MIN 2 White Mg:Si:Fe::6:7: 1 (iron fosterite)
MIN 3 White Al:Si::2:] (kyanite)
MIN 4 (second row) Purplish red Ca:Mg:Al:Si:Cr:Fe:: 1:9: 10: 14:Tr:Tr
MIN 5 brownish red Fe:Cr:Ca:Mg:Al:Si:: 1: 1: 1:3:4:8
MIN 6 Dark red
MIN 7
MIN 8 Black Mg:Si:Ti:Fe:Cr::3:2:12:6:1 chromium, magnesian ilmenite
MIN 9 Black Mg:Si:Ti:Fe:Cr::3:1:10:5:I
MIN 10 Third row MIN 11
MIN 12
MIN 13
MIN 14 Large Pink Fe:Mg(Mn-error):Al:Si::1:4:8:12 spessartite
II MIN ]5
MIN 16 Large reddish-brown bal] Fe:AI:Si::] :5:8 Almandite
MIN 17 B]ack Fe:Ca:Mg:Si::] :3:2:9 Forth row MIN 18 Clear Si
MIN 19
MIN 20
MIN 21 Black tablet Fe:Ca:Mg:Si::] :3:2:9
MIN 22 MIN 23 Pink blocky Mn:Fe:AI:Si::l :4:4:10 (spesartite)
MIN 24 White Na:K:Al:Si::l :1:4:9 (sanadine)
MIN 25 White
MIN 26 sixth row MIN 27
MIN 28
MIN 29
MIN 30 broken spheroid Fe:Mg:Si:: 1: 10: 10 Ferronian fosterite
MIN 31 Black Ca:Mg:Si:: 1:4:9
MIN 32
MIN 33
MIN 34 Seventh Row
MIN 35 MIN 36
MIN 37 Yellowish flat spheroid Fe:Ca:AI:Si:: 1:4:4:6 actinolite
12 MIN 38 MIN 39 Black
SCAN 14 Stub 11
13 CERTIFICATE
The author of this report, Michael William Milner resides at 182 Gough Ave., Toronto, Ontario M4K 3P1 (416) 465-0612, since 1980
He attended the Nova Scotia Land Survey Institute from 1960 to 1962 graduating with a Diploma in Land Surveying; he then attended Dalhousie University acquiring a B.Sc. in 1967 and an M.Sc. in 1969. He attended McGill University 1973 to 1978 in pursuit of a Ph.D. with the thesis entitled Geomorphology of the Klondike Placer Gold Fields but he has not yet fulfilled all the requirements for that degree.
The author is a Fellow of the Geological Association of Canada, Registration F 1502. He has been a consultant specializing in placer deposits, glacial prospecting, heavy mineral identification using SEM-EDS analysis since 1978. He has applied for certification with APGO, had been accepted to the level of APGO, but failed the national engineering/ legal Professional Practice Exam
He has done several sampling exercises for Pele Mountain Resources Sieve-batea sampling of lamprophyres in the Wawa area and this sample gathered by another. He has not visited the sample site nor the Attawapiskat region, but has sampled and processed river and till materials in Upper Hudson Bay Lowland-Sevem Upland, near the community Ogoki (51-60' N; 86-00' W as opposed to Attawapiskat (53 N; 84 W), and near Wawa in weathered lamprophyres.
He is an adjunct Professor at York University where he has been studying kimberlite indicator minerals, including Pele Mountain samples in the Pedology and Geomorphology Lab, Atkinson College since 1990.
He has been using the sieve batea gravimetric system since 1969 and has been selling same to both Canadian and intemational clients since 1980
The samples were processed in the Pedology and Geomorphology Laboratory, Atkinson College, York University where the author is an Adjunct Professor
Respectfully submitted Michael W. Milner.
l4 I Pele Mountain Resources Inc. Attawapiskat River Project
i East River Claim Group
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Scan 3: Sand Scan 4: Heavy Minerals -
-
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-
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Scan 5: Lithology Mineralogy Scan 6: Zircons Scan 7: Stub 1 - Scan 8: Stub 2 - I
Scan 9: Stub 3 I
Scan 10: Stub 4 -
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- - - - - Scan 11: Stub 5 Scan 12: Stub 6 I
Scan 13: Stub 9 1
Scan 14: Stub 11 REFERENCES
Atkinson, B T; Draper, D M; Hope, P J; Beauchamp, SA., 2000. Timmins regional resident geologist district (Timmins area)-1999 Ontario Geological Survey, CAN, (Canada)
Atkinson, B T; Hailstone, M H; Ravnaas, C B; Wilson, A C; Draper, D M; Hope, P J; Morra, P M; Beauchamp, SA., 2000. Timmins regional resident geologist report; Timmins and Sault Ste. Marie Districts Open File Report - Ontario Geological Survey, Report: 6006, variously paginated, 2000 References: 14; illus. inc!. 6 tables, geo!. sketch maps Latitude:N483000,N483000 Longitude: W0812000, W Attawapiskat Mine; base metals; Canada; Cochrane District Ontario; Detour Lake Mine; diamonds; Dome Mine; Eastern Canada; gems; gold ores; Hoyle Pond Mine; igneous rocks; intrusions; Kapuskasing Deposit; Kidd Creek Mine; kimberlite; metal ores; mineral economics; mineral exploration; mines; nonmetal deposits; Ontario; phosphate deposits; pipes; plutonic rocks; production; Timmins Ontario; tonnage; ultramafics; Victor Pipe
Bajc, A.F., 1991 b, Quaternary geology, Fort Frances - Rainy River area, results and interpretation, Ontario Geological Survey, Open File 5749, 170p.
Bell, Rohert (1841-1917) 1886. Albany River country; Attawapiskat region; Attawapiskat River; Canada; Devonian; Eastern Canada; historical geology; Ontario; Paleozoic 1918 AN: Accession N urn her 1918-002360 Report on an exploration of portions of the At-ta-wa-pish-kat and Albany Rivers, Lonely Lake to James' Bay, 1886 Annual Report - Geological Survey of Canada, vol. I 886, no.Pt. G, 38 p. , 1 1., 1887 Albany River basin; areal geology; Attawapiskat River basin; Canada; Eastern Canada; expeditions; northern Ontario; Ontario Abstract Contains a narrative of the journey, with notes on the routes, soil, climate, vegetation, glacial geology, rocks, Devonian fossils, Indians, and descriptive details of the rivers. LA: Language 4 plates Latitude:N513000,N513000 Longitude:W0823000,W0823000 ; Latitude:N521500.N521500 Longitude:W0873000,W0873000 Bell, Robertl872. Report on the country hetween Lake Superior and the Albany River Progress Report - Geological Surrey of Canada, pp.1871-2, 1872 101-114
Bell, Robert (1841-1917)., 1887. Report on an exploration of portions of the At-ta-wa-pish-kat and Albany Rivers, Lonely Lake to James' Bay, 1886 Annual Report - Geological Survey of Canada, vo1.1886, no.Pt. G, 38 p. , 1 1., 1887 Albany River basin; areal geology; Attawapiskat River hasin; Canada; Eastern Canada; expeditions; northern Ontario; Ontario Contains a narrative of the journey, with notes on the routes, soil, climate, vegetation. glacial geology, rocks, Devonian fossils, Indians, and descriptive details of the rivers. LA: Language 4 plates Latitude:N513000,N513000 Longitude:W0823000,W0823000 : Latitude:N521500,N521500 Longitude: W0873000, W0873000
Bourque, Pierre-Andre., 1987. Renalcis reef facies from Early Silurian Attawapiskat Formation, Aquitaine-Sogepet et al., Penn No.1 drill hole, Hudson Bay basin Univ. Laval. Dep. Geol., Quebec City, PQ, Canada (CAN) 1987 Canadian reef research symposium Anonymous 1987
15 Canadian reef research symposium, Banff, AB, Canada, Jan. 27-30, 1987 Can. Soc. Pet. Geol., Can. Reef Inventory Proj., Banff, AS, Canada (CAN) 73 pp algae; Anthozoa; Aquitaine-Sogepet No.1; Attawapiskat Formation; basins; biogenic structures; boundstone; Brachiopoda; Bryozoa; Canada; carbonate rocks; Coelenterata; Crinoidea; Crinozoa; cyanobacteria; Cyanophyta; Eastern Canada; Echinodermata; Ekwan River Formation; girvanella; grainstone; Hudson Bay basin; Invertebrata; Lower Silurian; Manitoba; marine environment; microfossils; Ontario; packstone; Paleozoic; Plantae; reefs; Renalcis; sedimentary basins; sedimentary petrology; sedimentary rocks; sedimentary structures; shelf environment; Silurian; Sphaerocodium; Stromatoporoidea; thallophytes; Wenlockian; Western Canada; Wetheredella
Breckenridge, A.: Johnson, T.e.; Beske-Diehl, S.; and Mothersill, J.S. 2004. The timing of regional Late glacial events and post-glacial sedimentation rates from Lake Superior. Quaternary Science Reviews 23(23-24):2355-2367.We analyze both new and previously published paleomagnetic records of secular variation (PSV) from Lake Superior sediment cores and compare these records to correlated rhythmite (varve) thickness records to determine post-glacial sedimentation rates and to reassess the termination of glaciolacustrine varves in the basin. The results suggest that offshore sedimentation rates have exhibited considerable spatial variation over the past 8000 years, particularly during the mid-Holocene. We attribute offshore, mid Holocene sedimentation changes to alterations in whole basin circulation, perhaps precipitated by a greater dominance of the Gulf of Mexico air mass during the summer season. Near shore bays are characterized by high sedimentation rates for at least 1000 years after varve cessation and during a period between around 4500 and 2000 cal. BP. After 2000 cal. BP, sedimentation rates subsided to earlier rates. The increases between 4500 and 2000 cal. BP are probably due to lake level fall after the Nipissing II highstand. The older glaciolacLlstrine varve thickness records suggest that the influx of glacially derived sediment ended abruptly everywhere in the lake, except near the Lake Nipigon inlets. Multiple sediment cores reveal 36 anomalously thick varves, previously ascribed to the formation of the Nakina moraine, which were deposited just prior to varve cessation in the open lake. The PSV records support the observation that the cessation of these thick varves is a temporally correlative event, occurring at 9035±± 170 cal. BP (calibrated years before 1950, ca 7950-8250 14C BP). This date would correlate to the eastern diversion of Lake Agassiz and glacial meltwater into Lake Ojibway.
Britton, J W M., 1938. The iron formation of the Albany Basin with special refen:nce to the associated gold deposits Thesis or dissertation; Master's; Monographic Albany River basin; Canada; chemically precipitated rocks; Eastern Canada; economic geology: gold ores; iron formations; metal ores; metals; Ontario; precious metals; sedimentary rocks
Chow, Andre M C., 1987. Sedimentology and paleontology of the Attawapiskat Formation (Silurian) in the type area, northern Ontario illus. inc!. 7 tables, 23 plates 239 pp. Thesis or dissertation; Master's; Monographic McGill University, MontreaL PQ, Canada (CAN) Anthozoa; Attawapiskat Formation; biostratigraphy; Canada; carbonate platforms; Coelenterata; depositional environment; Eastern Canada; environment; Invertebrata; lithofacies: Llandoverian; Lower Silurian; northern Ontario; Ontario; paleoenvironment: Paleozoic; patch reefs: reefs; reservoir prope11ies; sedimentary petrology; sedimentation; Silurian; Stromatoporoidea; type sections; Wenlockian
16 Chow, AM C; Stearn, C W., 1987. Sedimentology and paleontology of the Attawapiskat Formation (Silurian) in the type area, northern Ontario, McGill Univ., Oep. Geol. Sci., Montreal, PQ, Canada (CAN) 1987 Canadian ree.fresearch .\ymposium Anonymous 1987 Canadian reef research symposium, Banff, AB, Canada, Jan. 27-30, 1987 Can. Soc. Pet. Geol., Can. Reeflnventory Proj., Banff, AB, Canada (CAN) 79pp Anthozoa; Arthropoda; Attawapiskat Formation; Attawapiskat River; Brachiopoda; Bryozoa: Canada; carbonate rocks: Coelenterata; Eastern Canada; Invertebrata; limestone; Llandoverian; Lower Silurian; Mollusca: northern Ontario; Ontario; Paleozoic: patch reefs; reefs; sedimentary petrology; sedimentary rocks; Silurian; Stromatoporoidea; Trilobita; Trilobitomorpha
Norris, A W., 1986. Review of Hudson Platform Paleozoic stratigraphy and biostratigraphy Geological Survey of Canada., Energy, Mines and Resources. Can., Calgary, AB, Canada (CAN) Canadian inland seas Editor Martini, L P. Univ. Guelph, Oep. Land Resour. Sci., Guelph, ON, Canada (CAN) Elsevier Oceanography Series, vo1.44, pp. J 7-42, 1986 References: 66; ill us. inc!. sect., geol. sketch map Anthozoa; Atlantic Ocean; Attawapiskat Formation; Bad Cache Rapids Group; biostratigraphy; Boas River Shale; Brachiopoda; Canada; Canadian Shield; Churchill River Group; Coelenterata; Conodonta; Devonian: Eastern Canada; Ekwan River Formation; Graptolithina; Hudson Bay; Hudson Platform; Invertebrata; James Bay; Kenogami River Formation: Kwataboahegan Formation; Long Rapids Formation; microfossils; Moose River Formation; Murray Island Formation; North America; North Atlantic: Ordovician; Paleozoic; Red Head Rapids Formation; Severn River Formation; Sextant Formation: Silurian; Stooping River Formation; stratigraphy; Williams Island Formation
Chow, Andre M C; Stearn, Colin W., 1985. Stratigraphy of the Attawapiskat Formation along the Attawapiskat River, Ontario McGill Univ., Dep. Geol. Sci., Montreal, PQ, Canada (CAN) GAC, MAC, CGU 1985 joint annual meeting Anonymous Geological Association of Canada and Mineralogical Association of Canada, joint annual meeting, Fredericton, NB, Canada, May 15-17, 1985 Program with Abstracts - Geological Association (~lCanadu: Mineralogical Association (~fCanada; Canadian Geophysical Union. Joint Annual Afeeting. vol.l 0, pp.A 10, 1985 Anthozoa; Arthropoda; Attawapiskat Formation; Attawapiskat River; biogenic structures; bioherms; biostromes; Brachiopoda; Canada; carbonate rocks; Cephalopoda; Coelenterata: Crinoidea; Crinozoa~ dolostone; Eastern Canada; Echinodermata: environment; Gastropoda; Invertebrata; limestone; Middle Silurian; Mollusca; northern Ontario; Ontario: paleoecology; Paleozoic; reefs; sedimentary rocks; sedimentary structures; sedimentation; Silurian; stratigraphy; Stromatoporoidea; Trilobita: Trilobitomorpha
Chow, Andre M C; Stearn, Colin W., 1987. Attawapiskat patch reefs, Lower Silurian. Hudson Bay Lowlands, Ontario McGill Univ., Dep. Geol. Sci., Montreal, PQ, Canada (CAN) Queen's Univ., Canada (CAN) Reefs; Canada and adjacent areas Editor Geldsetzer. Helmut H .I: James, Noel P; Tebbutt, Gordon E fnst. Sed. and Pet. Geol., CAN, (Canada) Reefsyrnposiu111. Banff, AB, Canada, Jan. 1987 Memoir - Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists. vol.13. pp.263-270, Dec 1988 References: 17; illus. incl. I table, sects .. chart, geol. sketch map Anthozoa: Attawapiskat River; biogenic structures; Canada; Coelenterata; Eastern Canada; Elman River Formation; "Hudson Bay Lowlands; Invertebrata: lithofacies; Lower Silurian; mounds: Ontario; Paleozoic; patch reefs; reefs; sedimentary petrology; sedimentary structures; Silurian; Stromatoporoidea
17 Cowell, Daryl W., 1980. Karst hydrogeology within a subarctic peatland, Attawapiskat River, Hudson Bay Lowland, Ontario Environ. Can., Lands Dir., Burlington, ON, Canada (CAN) Geological Society of America, 93rd annual meeting 93rd annual meeting of the Geological Society of America, Atlanta, GA, United States, Nov. 17-20, 1980 Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society ofAmerica, vo1.12, ppA07, Aug 1980 Attawapiskat River; bioclastic sedimentation; biogenic structures; bioherms; Canada; carbonate rocks; deglaciation: drainage; Eastern Canada; ground water; Hudson Bay Lowlands; hydrogeology; James Bay; karst: limestone; Middle Silurian; morphology; Ontario; organic mantle; organic residues; Paleozoic; peat; reefs; relief; sedimentary rocks; sedimentary structures; sedimentation; sediments; Silurian: sinkholes; solution features; subarctic regions; surveys; Tyrrell Sea King, W Allan., 2004. The geomorphology and sedimentology of the lower reaches of the Attawapiskat River. James Bay, Ontario Thesis or dissertation; Master's; Monographic University of Guelph, Guelph. ON, Canada (CAN) Attawapiskat River; bars; Canada; Cenozoic; channels; clastic sediments; Eastern Canada; emergent coastlines; environmental analysis; estuaries; estuarine environment; estuarine sedimentation; fluvial features; geomorphology; Holocene; James Bay Lowlands; lithofacies; northern Ontario; Ontario; patterns; Pleistocene; processes; Quaternary; regression; sea-level changes; sedimentary petrology; sedimentation; sediments; shore features: shorelines; textures; tides; till
Cowell, Daryl W., 1981. Subarctic karst geomorphology and the development of organo-karst landforms in the Hudson Bay Lowland, Ontario Environ. Can., Burlington, ON, Canada (CAN) Proceedings of the Eighth international congress of speleology Editor Beck, Barry F. Ga. Southwest. Coil., Dep. Geol., Americus, GA, United States (USA) Eighth international congress of speleology, Bowling Green, KY. United States, July 18-24, 1981 Proceedings (~lthe International Congress (~rSpeleology. no.8, pp.13- 15, 1981 References: 3; sect., sketch maps Latitude:N530000.N540000 Longitude: W0830000, W0840000 aquifers; Attawapiskat River; Canada; carbonate rocks; Eastern Canada; geomorphology; ground water: Hudson Bay Lowlands; James Bay; karren; karst; landform evolution: limestone: Ontario; organic compounds: organic materials; organic residues; peat; reefs
Cowell, Daryl W., 1983. Karst hydrogeology within a subarctic peatland; Attawapiskat River, Hudson Bay Lowland, Canada Environ. Can., Lands Dir., Burlington, ON, Canada (CAN) P. LaMoreaux and Assoc., United States (USA) V. T. Stringfield symposium; processes in karst hydrology Editor Back, William; LaMoreaux, Philip E U. S. Geol. Surv .. Reston, VA. United States (USA) Processes in karst hydrology; a part of The Geological Society of America. annual meeting, Atlanta, GA. United States, Nov. 17-20. 1980 Sponsor USGSOP. Non-USGS publications with USGS authors Journal of Hydrol()t~y. vo1.61, no.I-3, pp.169-175. Feb 1983 References: 3; sect., sketch maps Latitude:N513000,N521500 Longitude: W0813000, W0850000 Attawapiskat River; Canada; carbonate rocks; Eastern Canada; geomorphology; ground water; Hudson Bay Lowland's; hydrogeology; hydrology; karst; karst hydrology; limestone; Ontario; organic residues; peat; sedimentary rocks; sediments: sinkholes; solution features: subarctic regIOns; surveys
Crabtree, D C Preliminary results from the James Bay Lowland indicator mineral sampling program Open File Report - Ontario Geological Survey. Repor/: 6108, 1 15 pp .. 2003 Albany
18 River; alluvium; anomalies; Archean; Attawapiskat River; Canada; chalcopyrite; chromite ores; clastic sediments; Eastern Canada; fluvial environment; gahnite; geologic maps; gold ores; government agencies; grains; heavy minerals; igneous rocks; indicators; James Bay; James Bay Lowlands; kimberlite; maps; massive deposits; massive sultide deposits; metal ores; mineral exploration; mineralization; mississippi valley-type deposits; nesosilicates; olivine; olivine group; Ontario; Ontario Geological Survey; Operation Treasure Hunt: orthosilicates; oxides; Paleozoic; platinum ores; plutonic rocks; Precambrian; sampling: sedimentary rocks; sediments; silicates; site location maps; stream sediments; sulfides; survey organizations: ultramancs Abs In 2001, under the Operation Treasure Hunt (OTH) program the Ontario Geological Survey (OGS) carried out a stream sediment sampling program in the .lames Bay Lowland. The prime objective of this survey was to evaluate the potential of this structurally favorable region to host additional kimberlites to those currently known. To achieve this goal a total of 1083 stream sediment samples were collected from numerous major rivers and associated tributaries. The samples were processed for kimberlite indicator minerals (KIMs), metamorphic/magmatic massive sulphide indicator minerals (MMSIMs (super R) ) and gold grains. The results of this survey suggest the presence of a single intense KIM anomaly that is traceable from the vicinity of the known Jurassic kimberlites on the Attawapiskat River, southwest to the Albany River on the southern boundary of the survey area. a distance of approximately 200 km. No other similar KIM dispersion halos were observed in the study area. The maximum number of KIMs observed in a single sample, collected in the vicinity of the kimberlites, exceeded 125 000 estimated grains for the 0.25 to 2 mm heavy mineral size fraction. Less significant anomalies were observed in the west part of the survey area and it is suggested here that these areas are worthy of a follow up investigation since the Quaternary stratigraphy in much of the James Bay Lowland is poorly understood. It is possible that a combination of poorly incising rivers and deep glaeial drift could have the effect of suppressing KIM signatures in these areas. The MMSIMs (super R) results revealed the presence of an interesting barite-l-sphalerite anomaly in the Swan River area, approximately 18 km inland from James Bay. While the true significance ofthis anomaly is not known it is suggested here it could be associated with Mississippi Valley type (MVT) mineralization, and as such, should not be overlooked. The heavy mineral data also revealed the presence of a large chromite anomaly that occurs in the west part of the survey area that is probably associated with a large mafic complex in the vicinity of Fishtrap Lake. This area should be considered as a important target for PGE exploration. Other interesting areas that produced modest numbers of chalcopyrite and gahnites also occur in the west part of the survey area. These areas are highlighted in the report. References: 34: iIIus. inc!. 1 table. sketch maps Scale: 1:600.000 ; 1: 1,000,000. Type: site location map; colored geologic maps Latitude:N5021 00,N545800 Longitude:W0801700,W0872400
Crabtree. 0 C; Gleeson, C F., 2004. Results of the "Spider 3" regional kimberlite indicator mineral and geochemistry survey carried out in the vicinity of the Upper Attawapiskat and Ekwan rivers, northern Ontario Open File Report - Ontario Geological Survey, Report: (j()97, 127 pp., 2003 In 1996, KWG Resources Inc. carried out a helicopter-supported heavy mineral-geochemical survey of a 13000 km (super 2) region of northern Ontario loeated approximately between latitudes 52 degrees Nand 54 degrees N and longitudes 85 degrees W and 87 degrees W. This survey, which was named "Spider 3", covered the upper reaches of the Winiskisis Channel and the Ekwan. Muketei and Attawapiskat rivers. A total of 626 samples of modern alluvium, till and glaciofluvial materials were collected as part of this survey. The
19 resulting data were purchased by the Ontario Geological Survey (OGS) as part of the Operation Treasure Hunt (OTH) initiative. The results presented herein are intended to augment both past and future projects that might be carried out in the region. The results show that the numbers of kimberlite indicator minerals (KIMs) found in the survey area are generally low when compared to examples from other survey areas. However, a number of locations of interest are highlighted in the report. The area of greatest exploration potential is located on the western tributaries of the Ekwan River system in a region characterized by complex faulting. It is suggested that the information provided here be used in conjunction with newly available geophysical data to properly evaluate the region in follow-up investigations. The geochemistry results indicate that the prospect for base metal and gold mineralization may be promising and requires further investigation. Other important results that are highlighted include rare earth element, thorium and uranium (REE, Th, U) anomalies as well as an unusual. yet interesting, strontium and phosphorus (Sr, P) anomaly in the southwest part of the survey area. This anomaly is well represented in tills and modern alluvium and, because of co-existing multi-clement anomalies (Sc, Au, Ni and Cu for example), the area warrants a follow-up investigation. In addition to these areas, an intense chromium (Cr) anomaly occurs between the upper reaches of the Muketei River tributaries and Attawapiskat River in the vicinity of Fishtrap Lake. It is suggested here that this anomaly may be related to the large mafic complex present in this area and it is recommended that this location be further investigated to evaluate the potential of the area to host platinum group elements (PGE). Digital electron microprobe and geochemistry data are available separately as Miscellaneous Release--Data (MRD) 109. Scale: 1:250,000. Type: site location map; geologic map; geomorphologic map Latitude:N515800,N5411 00 Longitude: W0851500, W0870300
Dredge, L.A., Cowan, W.W., 1989. Quaternary Geology of the southwest cornt!r of tile Canadian Shield in Chapter 3 of Quaternary Geology of Canada and Greenland, RJ. Fulton editor, Geological Survey of Canada, Geology of Canada no. 1 214-235.
Dummet, H., ca 1984. Luncheon talk Vancouver Dyer, W. S. Limestones of the Moose River and Albany River basins, p. 31-33.
Dyer, W. S.(l912) Paleozoic geology of the Albany River and certain of its tributaries. p. 47-60. The last two papers appear in this Bibliography under the authors' names. Latitude:N 513000,N513000 Longitude: W0823000. W0823000 : Latitude:N 51 OOOO.N 510000 Longitude:W0820000,W0820000 includes data from Arctic Bibliography, electronic version. Digitized from the Arctic Bibliography, print version, prepared by the Arctic Institute of North America. Ontario Department of Mines, Canada 1912. Rep0l1s on the District of Patricia recently added to the Province of Ontario Annual Report - On/ario Department oj'lvfines, vol.21, no.2, 1 p. 1. , iii, 216 p., 1912 Albany River basin; areal geology; Atikameg River hasin: Atlantic Ocean; Attawapiskat River basin; Canada; Eastern Canada: Hudson Bay: James Bay; Kapiskau River basin; Moose River basin; North Atlantic: northern Ontario: Ontario; Otadaonanis River basin; Severn River basin; Washagami River basin; Winisk River basin Abstract Contents include: Miller, W. G. Introduction (general character of the district geology, soil and climate. timher, fish and game, water powers. harbors). BELL, ROBERT. Report on an exploration of p011ions of the Attawapiskat and Albany Rivers, Lonely Lake to James Bay (1887). In LOW. A. F). Preliminary report on an exploration of country between Lake Winnipeg and Hudson Bay (via
20 Berens and Severn Rivers) (1887). McINNES, WM. Report on a part of the North-West Territories of Canada drained by the Winisk and Attawapiskat Rivers (1905).
Dyer, William Spafford., 1930 Limestones of the Moose River and Albany River Basins Annual Report - Ontario Department of Mines, vo1.38, Part 4, pp.31-33, 1930 Ontario Dept. Mines 38th Ann. Rept.
Endosh, G., 1979. The Ontario carbonatite province and its carbonatite potential, Economic Geology, 74: 331-338.
Fipkie, C.E., Gurney, 1.1., Moore, R.O., 1995. Diamond exploration techniques emphasizing indicator mineral geochemistry and Canadian examples. Geological Survey of Canada. Bulletin 423,86p ..
Fowler, 1 A; Gruetter, H S; Kong, 1 M; Wood, B D., 2001. Diamond exploration in northern Ontario with reference to the Victor Kimberlite, near Attawapiskat De Beers Canada Exploration, Toronto, ON, Canada (CAN) Exploration and Mining Geology, voLl 0, no.I-2, pp.67-75, Apr 2001 The phased approach used by De Beers for diamond exploration is briefly outlined. The Victor kimberlite is one of 19 kimberlites in a cluster near Attawapiskat, Ontario. The progress at the Victor kimberlite is summarized, and the operations are described within the framework of this staged approach. An evaluation program is currently under way on the Victor kimberlite, but although results are encouraging, insufficient diamonds have been recovered to permit disclosure of estimates for the grade and value. References: 39; illus. inc!. sect., 2 tables, sketch maps Latitude:N530000,N530000 Longitude:W0823000,W0823000
Gass, Kenneth C; Mikulic, Donald G., 1982. Observations on the Attawapiskat Formation (Silurian) trilobites of Ontario, with description of a new encrinurine 8120 W. Villard Ave" Milwaukee, WI, United States (USA) Ill. State Geol. Surv., United States (USA) ('(,InC/dian Journal (~f Earth Sciences, vo1.19, no.3, pp.589-596, Mar 1982 References: 19; illus. inc!. I table, 1 plate, sketch map Latitude:N523000.N530000 Longitude: W0823000. W0830000 : Latitude:N 550000,N 570000 Longitude: W0873000, W0883000 Arthropoda: Attawapiskat Formation; biogeography; biostratigraphy; Canada: Eastern Canada: Encrinuridae; Hudson Bay Lowlands; Invertebrata; Llandoverian; Lower Silurian; morphology; new taxa; Ontario; paleoecology; Paleozoic; Perryus; Phacopida; Silurian; stratigraphy; taphonomy: taxonomy; Trilobita; Trilobitomorpha;
Grinham, David F., 1980. Intertidal sedimentation in Akimiski Strait James Bay. Canada Thesis or dissertation; Master's; Monographic University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada (CAN) Akimiski Strait; Attawapiskat River; Canada: channels: classification: coastal environment: currents: Eastern Canada; Ekwan River; emergent coastlines; environmental analysis; erosion; geomorphology; intertidal sedimentation; James Bay Lowlands; lithofacies; longshore currents; marshes; mires; models; northern Ontario; ocean currents: oceanography: Ontario; processes; provenance: salt marshes; sedimentation: sedimentation rates; sediments: shore features: shorelines: subarctic environment; wind transport
Gross, GA., 1963. Distribution of iron deposits, Albany River. Superior structural province,
21 Ontario Canada Geol. Survey Prelim. Ser. map Pages 17-1963 Scale: 1: 1,000,000 Albany River area; Albany River map-area; Canada; Eastern Canada; economic geology; geologic; iron; maps; metals; Ontario
Hansman, Robert H. 1968 Choanoceras? from the Middle Silurian of Ontario Journal of Paleontology, vo1.42, no.2, pp.575-576, 1968 The holotype and only reported specimen of Orthoceras? attawapiskatense, from the Middle Silurian of Ontario. is restudied and described; the species is tentatively placed in the genus Choanoceras.
Harris, I McK., 1974. Iceberg marks on the Labrador Shelf Offshore Gcology of Eastern Canada; Volume 1, Concepts and Applications of Environmental Marine Geology Paper - Geological Survey (?fCanada, voL74-30, pp.97-1 01. 1974 illus. (inc!. sketch map) acollstical methods: Canada; continental shelf; continental slope; depth sounding; distribution; Eastern Canada; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; icebergs: Labrador; marine; markings; marks; Newfoundland; ocean floors; oceanography; radar; side-scanning: surveys
IIartung-l-B., 1978. The Michigan Basin as an impact structure. In: Abstracts of papers presented at the 41st annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society. Meteol'ilics. 13: 4, Pages 488
Hartung-l-B., 1979. The Huronian Supergroup; Michigan Basin ejecta. Solar Syst Assoc., Setauket, N.Y., United States In: Abstracts of papers; presented at the 42nd annualmceting. The Meteoritical Society. Meteoritics. 14; 4, Pages 409-410. 1979. Arizona State University. Center for Meteorite Studies. Tempe, AZ, United States. 1979.c1astic-rocks: conglomerate-: ejecta-; geomorphology-; Huronian-; impact-craters; impact-features; isostasy-; metamorphic-rocks: metasedimentary-rocks; meteor-craters; Michigan-; Michigan-Basin; Michigan-Lower-Peninsula; North-America; Precambrian-; Proterozoic-: sandstonc-; sedimentary-rocks; tillite-; turbidite-; United-States;
Heaman, L M; Kjarsgaard, B A., 2000. Timing of eastern North American kimberlite magmatism; continental extension of the Great Meteor Hotspot track? University of Alberta, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Edmonton, AB. Canaua (CAN) Earth and Planelary Science Lellers, vo1.178, no.3-4, pp.253-268. 30 May 2000 Twenty-nine new high precision U-Pb perovskite ages for kimberlite and other CO (sub 2) -rich ultrabasic rocks. primarily from five fields or clusters in eastern N011h America (Rankin Inlet Attawapiskat, Kirkland Lake, Timiskaming and Finger Lakes), indicate that at least five perious of Mesozoic kimberlite magmatism can be distinguished. These new data document four periods of kimberlite magmatism previously unrecognized in eastern North America: at 196, 180-176. 148-146 and 142-134 Ma. In addition, the detailed emplacement history of Jurassic kimberlites in thc Kirkland Lake field indicates magmatism spanned a period of 13 M yr from 165 to 152 Ma with approximately half of the kimberlites in this field emplaced in less than 2 Myr betvveen 156.9-155.3 Ma. These U-Pb results demonstrate for the first time that there is a NW-SE Triassic to Cretaceous age progression in kimberlite magmatism. \vhich is consistent with the relative plate motions of North America during this interval. This age progression in kimherlite magmatism extends for more than 2000 km from Rankin Inlet through to the Attawapiskat. Kirkland Lake and Timiskaming fields and is interpreted, in parL to be the continental expression of magmatism linked to the Great Meteor mantle plume hotspot track. I f correct lhen the timing
22 and location of this magmatism provides a more rigid constraint for both the exact position of the hotspot and the relative direction and rate ofNot1h American plate motion during the Mesozoic opening of the North Atlantic Ocean. References: 51; illus. incl. 2 tables. sketch maps
Hildes. D.H.D.; Clarke, G.K.C.; Flowers, G.E.; and Marshall, SJ. 2005. Reply to comments by Phillip C. Larson and Howard D. Mooers. Quaternary Science Reviervs 24(l-2):234.The results of modelled erosion and sediment transpot1 presented in Hildes et at. (2004) overestimate the spatial extent of Hudson Bay Lowland carbonates as compared to the summary by Dredge and Cowan (1989). Larson and Mooers suggest that the modeled response in fact accurately predicts carbonate transport and the discrepancy with Dredge and Cowan (1989) is caused by late-glacial soft-sediment remobilization and post-glacial sediment removal. We thank Larson and Mooers for their thoughtful comments and while the suggestion that thc model results agree with Quaternary geology is encouraging, we are cautiously optimistic. The remobilization of soft sediment is not explicitly accounted for and the scale of slIch remobilization may not be resolvable with our grid. Post-glacial sediment removal is not considered at all in the model. Both appear to be crucial to decipher the Hudson Bay Lowland carbonate sediment record. Larson and Mooers's comments highlight the need and offer direction for the next generation of process-based large-scale subglacial sediment transpol1 modeling.
Jin. J; Caldwell, W G E; Norford, B S., 1993. Early Silurian brachiopods and biostratigraphy of the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec, Bulletin - Ge%gical Survey (?i' Canada. Report: 457,229 pp., 1993 At1iculate brachiopods of the Llandovery rocks of the Severn River, Ekwan River and Attawapiskat formations of the Hudson Bay Lowlands comprise 35 genera and 50 species, including 18 new species: Sevcrella pinnigera, Gypidula rudipiicativa, Rhytidorhachis guttuliformis, Rostricellula subtilicostata. Microsphaeridiorhynchus hercostomaticum, Hercotrema spissicostatum, Meifodia discoidalis, Atyrypoidea prael ingulata, Atrypopsis severnensis, Parmula hemisphaerica. Merista rhombiformis, Whittieldella pygmaea, Whitfieldella sulcatina, Howellella porcata, Alaskospira fabiformis, Dalejina striata, Eoplectodonta (Eoplectodonta) hudsonensis, and Protochonetes harricanensis. The ~pL"cies of Alaskospira, Atrypoidea and Merista represent ullusually early appearances of these genera. The biohermal complexes of the Attawapiskat Formation provided a great diversity or environments, Some species with small shells seem to have occupied specialized and protected niches within the complexes, whereas large, thick shelled species occupied open water environmL"nls. Three brachiopod assemblage zones can be recognized. The Virgiana decussata Zone (dominantly pentamerids) is succeeded by the Hercotrema winiskensis-Stegerhynchus borealis Zone (dominantly rhynchonellids). Above, the Pentameroides septentrionalis-Lissatrypa variabilis Zone has a very varied fauna with abundant pentamerids and spire-bearers. Species diversity increases from 6, to 15, and to 36 species in the three zones. The changes in di versity and in taxonomic composition were probably related to the changes in environments durin:.s the Early Silurian transgression from dominantly intertidal and lagoonal to dominantly subtidal and reefal. Correlations with successions on Anticosti and Manitoulin islands indicate that the Severn River Formation is latest Rhuddanian to late Aeronian in age, the Ekwan Riv,.::r Formation is Telychian, and the Attawapiskat Formation is late Telychian. Comparison with the outcrop sllccession of southern Manitoba indicates correlation of the basal Severn River Formation with the Fisher Branch Formation; the remainder of the Severn River Formation with the Moose Lake or "Inwood" (sensu McCabe), Atikameg, and East Arm formations: and the Ekwan RivL"r and the Attawapiskat Formation with the Cedar Lake Formation, but with the uppermost Attawapiskat being slightly younger. References: 431; illus. incl. sketch maps Latitude:N500000,N533000 Longitude: W0790000, W0853000
Jisuo, Jin, 2005. Reef-dwelling gypiduloid brachiopods in the Lower Silurian Attawapiskat Formation, Hudson Bay region University of Western Ontario, Department of Earth Sciences, London. ON. Canada (CAN) Journal ofPaleontology. vo1.79. no. 1, pp.48-62, Jan 2005 Gypidula was a common pentameride brachiopod in the Silurian and Devonian periods and its oldest-known form. Gypidula akimiskiformis new species. occurs as a common component of a distinct Gypidula Association of the rich and diverse reef-dwelling brachiopod fauna in the Lower Silurian (upper Telychian) Attawapiskat Formation of the Hudson Bay Basin. This pioneer species has a high degree of morphological plasticity. with several infraspecific variations significant for the study of gypiduloid taxonomy and early evolution: I) the sparsely costate shells may have strong to faint medial ribs, with some shells being quasi-smooth and 2) the inner hinge plates are commonly basomedially inclined to\vard the dorsal valve floor (not united to form a cruralium), but may also be subparallel or slightly basolaterally divergent toward the valve floor (similar to those in Clorinda). This implies that the basomedially inclined inner hinge plates were not a stable character at the initial stage of evolution of Gypidliia during the late Telychian. Another gypiduloid from the Attawapiskat Formation. Erilevigatella euthylomata new genus and species, is characterized by a shell lacking fold or sulcus but having Clorinda-type, basolaterally divergent inner hinge plates and double-Hanged crura. Compared to Levigatella, which has been regarded as an intermediate between Clorinda and Gypidula because of its Gypidula-type dorsal sulcus and Clorinda-type inner hinge plates. the rectimarginate shells of Erilevigatella make the distinction between Clorinda and Gypidula even more blurred at the early stage of their evolution. Latitude:N520000,N560000 Longitude:W0800000,W
Jisuo, Jim2003. The Early Silurian brachiopod Eocoelia from the Hudson Bay Basin, Canada University of Western Ontario, Department of Earth Sciences, London, Canada (CAN) Palaeontology, vo1.46, Part 5, pp.885-902, Sep 2003 Akimiski Island; Articulata: Attawapiskat Formation; Brachiopoda; Canada; Eastern Canada: Eoeoelia: Eocoelia akimiskii; faunal studies; Hudson Bay Basin; Invertebrata; James Bay: Llandoverian; Lower Silurian: morphology; new taxa; Nunavut; Paleozoic; Pentameroides: reefs; Rhynchonellida; Silurian; taxonomy; Telychian
Jisuo, In., 2004. Attawapiskat Ontario; bedrock; Canada; diamonds; Eastern Canada: evaluation; field trips; igneous rocks; indicators; kimberlite; mineral exploration; northern Ontario: Ontario; petrography; plutonic rocks; textures; ultramafics; Victor Kimberlite Niche partitiol1lng of reef-dwelling brachiopod communities in the Lower Silurian Altawapiskat Formation, Hudson Bay Basin, Canada University of Western Ontario. Department of Earth Sciences. London, ON, Canada (CAN) First international palaeontological congress: abstracts: Editor Brock. Glenn A; Talent. John A Macquarie University, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences. Sydney. N.S.W., Australia (AUS) First international palaeontological congress, Sydney, N.S. \V., Australia, July 6-10, 2002 Abslracls - Geological S'ociely olA IIs/rolia, vo1.68. pp.83-84, 2002 Latitllde:N490400,N495700 Longitude: W0614300, W0643200 Anticosti Island: Articulata: assemblages; Attawapiskat Formation; biodiversity; Brachiopoda: Canada: Chicotte Formation: colonial taxa; communities; Eastern Canada; Hudson Bay BDsin; Inarticulata; Invertebrata: Lower Silurian; marine environment: paleoecology: paleoenvironment: Paleozoic: Pentamerida;
24 Pentameroides; preservation; Quebec; reefs: shelf environment; Silurian; taphonomy; Trimerella
Johnson, Ronald 0; Nelson, Samuel J., 1969. Subsurface and outcrop. Hudson Bay Basin Alberta Soc. Petroleum Geologists Calgary Core Conf. 1969 Bullefin oj'Canadiml Petroleum Geology, vol.17, no.4, pp.370-375, 1969 The first petroleum stratigraphic test in Hudson Bay Basin, Sogepet-Aquitaine Kaskattama Province No.1. was drilled in 1966-67. Located in Manitoba on the southwestern coast of Hudson Bay, at lat 57 degrees 04' 18.487" and long 90 degrees 10'29.408". the well reached a total depth 01'2941 feet after drilling 2913 feet of Phanerozoic strata and 28 feet of Precambrian. Besides Ordovician and Silurian rocks. Upper? Silurian and Devonian rocks, hitherto only observed as drift and rubble in the Hudson Bay Basin, were penetrated. The most promising reservoir rock is the Middle Silurian Attawapiskat Formation, a reefal and porous unit 236 feet thick. Reconnaissance surveys. made in 1963 and 1964 of Southampton, Coats and Mansel islands in northern Hudson £-by. resulted in discovery of oil shale on Southampton Island. illus .. table
King, W A; Martini, I P Morphology and Recent sediments of the lower anastomosing reaches of the Attawapiskat River, James Bay, Ontario, Canada Univ. Guelph. Dep. Land Resow'. Sci., Guelph, ON, Canada (CAN) Sedimentary geology of Akimiski Island. Canada Editor Martini, I. P. Univ. Guelph, Dep. Land Resour. Sci., Guelph. ON. Canada (CAN) Sedimentary Geology, vol.37. no.4, pp.295-320, Feb 1984 References: 31; illus. inc\. 2 tables. block diag .. sketch maps Akimiski Island; Akimiski Strait; Attawapiskat River; braided streams; Canada; Cenozoic; deltaic sedimentation; Eastern Canada; environmental analysis; estuarine environment; estuarine sedimentation; fluvial features; fluvial sedimentation; geomorphology; Holocene: Hudson Bay Lowlands~ James Bay; James Bay Lowlands; Keewatin District Northwest Territories; Northwest Territories; Ontario; processes~ Quaternary: sedimentation: sediments; shoals; stream transpOli; streams; Western Canada
Kjarsgaard, B A., 1995. Kimberlite-hosted diamond Geology of Canadian mineral deposit types Editor Eckstrand, 0 R; Sinclair, W 0; Thorpe. R I Geology of Canada Sponsor DNAG. Decade ofNOlih America Geology 1995 Attawapiskat Deposit; Canada; diamonds: DNAG; Eastern Canada; Fort a la Corne Deposit; igneous rocks; inclusions; intrusions; kimberlite; Koala Pipe; Lac de Gras Deposit; Leslie Pipe; Misery Pipe; Northwest Territories; Ontario; Panda Pipe; pipes; plutonic rocks; Saskatchewan; ultramafics; Weskrn Canada; xenocrysts; xenoliths
Kong, J M; Boucher. 0 R; Scott Smith. B H .. 1998. Exploration and geology of the Attawapiskat Kimberlites, James Bay Lowland, northern Ontario. Canada Monopros, Toronto. ON, Canada (CAN) Mineral Services, South Africa (ZAF); Scott-Smith Petrology, Canada (CAN) The J. B. Dawson volume; proceedings ofthe VIIth international kimberlite conference; Volume I Editor Gurney, J J; Gurney, J L; Pascoe, M 0; Richardson. S H University of Cape Town. Dcpmiment of Geological Sciences, Rondebosch, South Africa (ZAF) VlIth international kimberlite conference, Rondebosch, South Africa. April 11 17. 1998 Proceedil1gs olthe 111/ernuliol1u/ Kimberlite Conference, vol.7, Vol. I. pp.452-467. 1999 Sediment sampling and airborne magnetic surveys proved to be excellent methods for finding the Attawapiskat kimberlite cluster in the James Bay Lowland. The mantle-derived mineral suite recovered from sediment sampling included ilmenite, garnet, chrome diopside and chromite. Their compositions suggest they were derived from kimberlite(s) that is probably diamondiferous. Sixteen pipes were fOllnd and tested by drilling. Fifteen pipes are diamondiferous. Evaluation is ongoing. The ages determined for the kimberlites range from 155 to 180 Ma. The pipes are composed of spinel carbonate kimberlite with less common monticellite kimberlite. They were formed by (i) pipe excavation without the development of a diatreme and (ii) subsequent pipe infilling. Two textural types occur: macrocrystic uniform to segregationary textured hypabyssal kimberlite and macrocrystic pyroclastic kimberlite (lapilli tuffs). References: 41; illus. inc!. sect., start. col., geol. sketch map Latitude:N500000,N600000 Longi tude: W0780000, W0900000
McFadden, Donald A Discovery ofkimberlites in the Kirkland Lake and Attawapiskat River regions of northern Ontario; decisive contributions by aeromagnetic data analysis in conditions of deep overburden 1750 Brimley Road, Scarborough. ON. Canada (CAN) Geological Association of Canada; Mineralogical Association of Canada; annual meeting: program with abstracts--Association Geologique du Canada; Association Mineralogique du Canada: reunion annuelle; programme et resumes [modified] Anonymous Geological Association of Canada; Mineralogical Association of Canada; annual meeting: program with abstracts--Association Geologique du Canada; Association Mineralogique du Canada; reunion annuelle: programme et resumes, Edmonton, AB, Canada, May 17-19, 1993 P!'()1?ral1l with Abstract.I,' Ge%1?ical Association of Canada: Mineralogical Association (~l ('(inada: ('anadian Geophysical Union, Joint Annual Meeting, vo1.l993, pp.63, 1993 Latitude:N470000,N483000 Longitude: W0793000, W0820000 airborne methods; Attawapiskat River: Canada: diamonds; Eastern Canada; geophysical methods: geophysical surveys: igneous rocks: kimberlite: Kirkland Lake Ontario~ magnetic methods; mineral exploration: northern Ontario; Ontario; overburden; plutonic rocks: surveys; Timiskaming District Ontario: ultramafics
Mahaney, W.e., 2002. Atlas of Sand Grain Surface Textures and Applications, Oxford University Press232pp
Mahaney, W.C., and Milner, M., 1998 Zircon microstriators in the sands of Andean till: tine tools and noble metals, Boreas, 27: 140-152.
Martini, I P; Glooschenko, W A., 1984. Emergent coasts of Akimiski Island. James Bay. Northwestern Territories, Canada; geology, geomorphology. and vegdation Univ. Guelph. Dep. Land Resour. Sci., Guelph, ON, Canada (CAN) Environ. Can., Canada (CAN) Martini, I. P. Editor Sedimentary geology of Akimiski Island. Canada Univ. Guelph. Dep. Land Resolll'. Sci., Guelph, ON, Canada (CAN) Sedimenlar}' Ge%1?Y, vo1.37, no.4. pp.229-250. Feb 1984 References: 25; illus. incl. block diag .. geol. sketch map Akimiski Island: Akimiski Strait; Attawapiskat Formation; beaches; boreal environment: Canada: Cenozoic: changes of level: Eastern Canada; ecology; geomorphology; glaciation; James Bay; Keevvmin District N0I1hwest Territories; landform evolution; marshes; mires; Northwest Territories: observations; Ontario; Paleozoic: paludal environment; Pleistocene; Quaternary; sedimentation; shore featmes; shorelines; vegetation; Western Canada
M3I1ini, I P; Kwong, J K; Sadura. S., 1989 Sediment ice rafting and cold climate fluvial deposits; Albany River, Ontario, Canada University of Guelph. Guelph. ON, Canada (CAN) Dames and Moore, United States (USA) Alluvial sedimentation Editor Marzo, M: Puigdefabregas. C 4th international conference on Fluvial sedimentology. Sitges. Spain, Oct. 1989 Special Puhiicalion
26 of the International Association ofSedimentologists. vo1.17. pp.63-76. 1993 Albany River; bathymetry; boulders; Canada; clastic sediments; climate; composition; deltaic environment; Eastern Canada; floodplains; floods; fluvial environment: fluvial features; Fort Albany; grain size; gravel; ice rafting; meanders; Ontario; pebbles; sand; seasonal variations; sedimentation; sediments; suspended materials; textures; thickness
Mazur, E Rusak; Castner, H .• 1990. Horton's ordering scheme and the generalization of river networks Queen's Univ., Kingston, ON, Canada (CAN) Carlographic Journal, vo1.27. no.2, pp.104-112, Dec 1990 References: 19; ill us. inc!. 3 tables, sketch map Albany River; Atlantic Ocean; Attawapiskat River; Canada; caltography; drainage basins: drainage patterns; Eastern Canada; fluvial features; geomorphologic maps; geomorphology; Harricanaw River: Hayes Rivers; Hortons Classification; Hudson Bay; maps; Moose River; Nelson Rivers; North America; North American Atlantic; North Atlantie: Ontario; Rainy River; rivers; Saint Lawrence River; Severn River; stream order; Winisk River; Winnipeg River
Mazur, E Rusak; Castner, H., 1990. Horton's ordering scheme and the generalization of river networks Queen's Univ., Kingston, ON, Canada (CAN) Car{ow'aphic Journal, vo1.27, 110.2, pp.t 04-112, Dec 1990 References: 19; illus. inc!. 3 tables. sketch map Albany River; Atlantic Ocean; Attawapiskat River; Canada; cartography: drainage basins; drainage patterns; Eastern Canada; fluvial features; geomorphologic maps; geomorphology; Harricanaw River; Ilayes Rivers; Hortons Classification; Hudson Bay: maps; Moose River: Nelson Rivers: North America; North American Atlantic; North Atlantic; Ontario; Rainy River; rivers: Saint Lawrence River; Severn River: stream order; Winisk River: Winnipeg River
McDonald, B.c., 1968 Glacial and interglacial stratigraphy, Hudson Bay Lowland: in Earth Science symposium on James Bay Lowlands, 68-53.
Milner, M. W., 2000.Compilation of geology and the mineralogy of sampling on the Festival showing on Lalibert Property Wawa, for Pele Mountain Resources
Michael W. M., 2001.Compiiation of geology and the mineralog.y and annotated bibl iography of minettes and related mineralization of sampling on the Jubilee, Destiny and other showings on the festival property Wawa area for Pele Mountain Resources
Milner, M. W., 2005. Report on the examination of surficial materials and their minerals and geologieal setting of the Pele Mountain's Washi Lake Program (Ogoki Anomalies) Fall 2004 Upper Hudson Bay Lowland-Severn Upland (in preparation)
Milner, M.W., Netoff, D.I., Malloch, D., Dohm, J.M., 2003 Sand-pipe Reservoir Exhausts and Warm, Wet Aeolian Source-Bed Microbe Accumulations Embedded on Mesozoic sands: Correlation with Possible Extraterrestrial Life on Cold, Arid Metastable Sediments 011 Mars, ISEB 16, Japan Oral Presentation
Nelson, Samuel J; Johnson, Ronald D .. 1968. Kaskattama No. I welL central Hudson Ray Lowland, Manitoba, Canada Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, vol.I6. noA. pp.431-443, 1968 This well, on the west shore of Hudson Bay, has penetrated a relatively thick (2913 ft)
27 Phanerozoic section, including Devonian strata hitherto postulated as present in Hudson Bay Basin. Three broad units exist, called Lower Carbonate, Middle Clastic, and Upper Carbonate. The first is dominantly limestone and dolomite 2490 feet thick, resting on Precambrian crystallines. Fauna indicate that it contains temporal equivalents of the Late Ordovician Bad Cache Rapids and Churchill River groups, Early Silurian Port Nelson, and Middle Silurian Severn River, Ekwan River, and Attawapiskat formations. The middle unit 653 feet thick and mainly red siltstone, is unfossiliferous but tentatively equated with Late? Silurian Kenogami River Formation. The upper unit is 400 feet of limestone correlated with Middle Devonian Abitibi River Formation. ilIus., table Canada Geological Survey. 1964. Aeromagnetic map, Attawapiskat, Kenora and Keewatin districts. Ontario-Northwest Territories Canada, Geological Survey, Geophysics Paper, 1964 Canada Geol. Survey Geophysics Paper 2298. scale J :63,360 Scale: 1 :63,360 aeromagnetic; Attawapiskat area: Canada; Eastern Canada: Keewatin Ontario; Kenora District Ontario; maps; Northwest Territories: Ontario: Westem Canada
Nielsen, E., 2002. Quaternary stratigraphy and ice-flow history along the Lower Nelson, Hayes, Gods and Penny cutaway rivers and implications for diamond exploration in northeastern Manitoha Explore in Iwanitoba; report (?j'activities 20()O Mihychuk, Mary Ann (prefitcer) Minister of Industry, Trade and Mines, Winnipeg. MB. Canada (CAN) CA: Corporate Author Manitoba Geological Survey, Winnipeg, ME, (CAN) Report of Activities - Manitoba Industry, Trade and Mines - Geological Services, vo1.2002. pp.209-215. 2002 During the 2002 field season, 144 till and 3 alluvial sand and gravel samples were colkcted from 17 sections exposed in river cuts in the Hudson Bay Lowland of northeastern Manitoba. The 2002 survey was undertaken to outline the Quaternary stratigraphy and determine the icc-flow history and till provenance in the Hudson Bay Lowland of .\1anitoba in support of diamond exploration. Specifically, the 2002 survey was undetiaken as a follow lip to the 200 I survey immediately to the south of this area. The 2001 survey suggested that kimberlite indicator minerals were concentrated in Long Spruce till of northern provenance. The objectives of the 2002 survey will be met using a combination of pebble analysis, carbonate analysis. matrix gcochenlistry, textural analysis, kimberlite indicator-mineral analysis and pebble-fabric analysis. Preliminary interpretation of the till fabric data suggests the lower pUl1 of the Long Spruce ti II was deposited by ice flow towards the southwest whereas the upper pati of lhe Long Spruce till was deposited by south-southeasterly ice flow. The overlying Sky Pi lot till, which t<'mlls the surface till throughout northeastern Manitoba. was deposited by southwesterly icc flow: N550000,N563000:W0910000,W0930000 alluvium: Amery Till: bedrt)ck: Canada: Canadian Shield; Cenozoic; clastic sediments; correlation: diamonds: fabric: field studies: glacial geology; glacial transport; Gods River; gravel; Hayes River: Flolocene: Hudson Bay Lowlands: ice movement; igneous rocks; interglacial environment; kimberlite: Long Spruce Till: Manitoba; mineral composition; mineral exploration: Nelson River; North America: Pennyclltaway River; petrography; plutonic rocks; Quaternary: river ice; sand; sediments: Sky Pilot Till; Superior Province; till; ultramafics; Western Canada
Norris. A W Brachiopods from the lower shale member of the Williams Island Formation (Middle Devonian) of the Hudson Platform. northern Ontario and southern District of Keewatin Bulletin - Geological Survey C?fCanada, Report: 460, 119 pp .. 1993 biostratigraphy: biozones; Brachiopoda; Canada; clastic rocks: Conodonta: correlation; Devonian; Eastern Canada; Givetian; Hudson Platform; Invertebrata: Keewatin District Northwest Territories; microfossils; Middle Devonian; Moose River basin; northern Ontario; Northwest Territories; Nunavut; Ontario; paleoecology; paleogeography; Paleozoic; palynomorphs; sedimentary rocks; shale; taxonomy; Western Canada; Williams Island Formation Abstract Tw'cnty-seven brachiopod taxa, eight of which are new, are described from the lower shale member of Williams Island Formation sampled at three principalloca\ities as follows: 1) northeast bank of Albany River; 2) unnamed island on Abitibi River: and 3) south end of Mid-Bay Shoal in Hudson Bay. The fauna from Locality 1 is dominated by new species and subspecies of Mucrospirifer, Desquamatia (Independatrypa) sanfordi n. sp .. Devonochonetes sp. cf. D. scitulites (Cooper). and Spinocyrtia sp. cf. S. mourantae Ehlers and Wright. The fauna from Locality 2 includes Spinatrypina abitibiensis n. sp. Forms A and B, Elita lemoni n. sp., Athyris sp., and Floweria? sp. cf. F.? crassa (Imbrie). The more abundant and important brachiopods from Locality 3 include Mucrospirifer sp. cf. M. profundus (Grabau). M. sp. cf. M. thedfordensis (Shimcr and Grabau), and Rhyssochonetes? sp. The brachiopods are closely comparable to taxa from the lower and middle Hamilton Group of southwestern Ontario and New York State, and lower and middle Traverse Group of Michigan and adjacent states. ranging from the ensellsis Zone to Middle varcus Subzone oflate EifeJian to mid-Givetian age. These brachiopod occurrences are from the most northerly parts of the Michigan Basin-Hudson Platfoml Province ofthe Eastern Americas Realm so far discovered in east-central North America. The presence of Rhyssochoneks? sp. at Locality 3 indicates a rise in sea level and migration of fauna from west 10 east across the Transcontinental Arch from the Cordilleran Province of the Old World Realm during \1iddle varcus Subzone (Givetian) time. Twenty-seven hrachiopod taxa, eight of which are new, are described from the lower shale member of Williams Island Formation sampled at three principal localities as follows: 1) northeast bank of Albany River; 2) unnamed island on Abitibi River; and 3) south end of Mid-Bay Shoal in Hudson Bay. The fauna from Locality 1 is dominated by new species and subspecies of Mucrospirifer, Desquamatia (Independatrypa) sanfordi n. sp .. Devonochonetes sp. cf. D. scitulites (Cooper). and Spinocyrtia sp. cf. S. l1lourantae Ehlers and Wright. The fauna from Locality 2 includes Spinatrypina abitibiensis n. sp. Forms A and B, Elita lemoni n. sp., Athyris sp., and Floweria? sp. cf. F.? crassa (Imbrie). The more abundant and important brachiopods from Locality 3 inelude Mucrospirifer sp. cf. \1. profundus (Grabau). M. sp. cf. M. thedfordensis (Shimer and Grabau). and Rhyssochonetes? sp. The hrachiopods are closely comparable to taxa from the lower and middle Hamilton Group of southwestern Ontario and New York State, and lower and middle Traverse Group of Michigan and adjacent states. ranging from the ensensis Zone to Middle varcus Subzone of Jate Eifelian to mid-Givetian age. These brachiopod OCCUlTences are from the most northerly parts orthe Michigan Basin-Hudson Platform Province of the Eastern Americas Realm so far discovered in east-central North America. The presence of Rhyssochonetes? sp. at Locality 3 indicates a rise in sea levd and migration of fauna from west to east across the Transcontinental Arch from the Cordilleran Province of the Old World Realm during Middle varCllS Suhzone (Givetian) time. Rct\~renees: 380; pIa
Reeve, Andrew S; Siegel, Donald J; Glaser, Paul H., 1996. Geochemical controls on peatland pore water from the Hudson Bay Lowland: a llluitivariate statistical approach Syracuse University, Department of Earth Sciences. Syracuse. NY, United Statl;;'s (USA) AF: Affiliation University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. United States (USA) . voL181, no.1-4, pp.285-304, Jun 1996 Albany River; aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkaline earth metals; alkalinity; alkanes; Bog soils; bogs; calcium: Canada: carbon; carbonate ion; cluster analysis; dissolved materials:
29 drainage basins; Eastern Canada: geochemical cycle: geochemistry; ground water: Hudson Bay Lowlands; hydrocarbons; hydrochemistry; hydrologic cycle: hydrology: James Bay: landforms: metals; methane; mires; multivariate analysis; Ontario; organic acids; organic carbon: organic compounds; organic materials; paludal environment: peat; peat bogs: pH: porc water: principal components analysis; sediments; soils: statistical analysis; sulfate ion: wetlands Abs Pore-water samples were collected in the Albany River drainage basin of the Hudson Bay Lowland. The chemistry of these samples was evaluated using bivariate plots. cluster analysis. and principal component analysis to determine the importance of groundwater and to evaluate geochemical processes within the peat. The transport of dissolved constituents from the mineral soil into the peat column is a dominant control on peat pore-water chemistry. Peatland landforms have different signatures for pore-water chemistry; bogs are characterized by elevated concentrations of dissolved organic carbon. CH (sub 4), SiO (sub 2), K (super +) and larger mineral ion balance errors. whereas fens are characterized by their higher pH and alkalinity. Large mineral ion balance errors (up to 99%), the inverse relationship between pH and dissolved organic carbon, and the positive correlation between mineral ion balance error and dissolved organic carbon show that organic acids are important anions in bog pore waters. Methane concentrations and SO (sub 4) (super 2-) concentration arc inversely related, suggesting that SO (sub -1-) (super 2-) inhibits CH (sub 4) production. Peat pore water at several locations contains high concentrations of marine salts (SO (sub 4) (supcr 2-) . Cl (super -) , and Na (super +) ) in the lower half of the peat column, indicating that the marine sediments contain sea salts. We suggest that SO (sub 4) (super 2-) from these marine sediments may reduce methane production in portions of the Hudson Bay Lowland. References: 38: illus. inc!. 2 tables. sketch map Latitude:N510000,N520000 Longitude: W0823000, W()840000 Reeve, Andrew Stephen Numerical and multivariate statistical analysis of hydrogeology and geochemistry in large peatlands 244 pp. PY: Publication Year Thesis or dissertation: Doctoral; Monographic Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States (USA) advection; Albany River basin: aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkali metals; alkanes: bivariate analysis: Canada: carbon: Cenozoic: chemical dispersion; chloride ion: chlorine; cluster analysis; drainage basins: errors: geochemistry; ground water; halogens; Hudson Bay Lowlands; hydraulic conductivity: hydrocarbons: hydrochemistry; Lake Agassiz: marine sediments: metals: methane: mires: mixing; multivariate analysis; numerical analysis; organic carbon; organic compounds: peat: peatlands: Pleistocene: pore water; potassium; potassium ion; principal components analysis: Quaternary: sedimcnts: silicon dioxide; simulation; sodium; sodium ion: soils; statistical analysis: substrates: sllrl~lcc water: water table
Reeve, Andrew; Siegel, Donald; Glaser. Paul.. 1994. Geochemical evaluation of peat pore water and relationships between peatland geomorphology and pore-water chemistry; fludson Bay Lowlands, Ontario, Canada Syracllse University, Department of Geology, Syracllse. NY, United States (USA) University of Minnesota, United States (USA) Geological Society of Amcrica. Northeastern Section, 29th annual meeting Anonymous Geological Society of America. Northeastern Section, 29th annual mceting. Binghamton, NY. United States. Mar. 28-30. 1994 Abstracts with Programs - Geological S'ociety otAll1eric£/, vol.16, no.3, pp.68, Mar 1994 Albany River; aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes: bogs; Canada: cluster analysis: Eastern Canada: ecology; geochemistry; geomorphology; ground water: Hudson Bay Lowlands: hydrocarbons; ions: landform evolution; marine sediments: methane: mires: nutrients: Ontario: organic compounds; organic materials; organic residues: peat: peat bogs; pH: pore watcr: principal components
30 analysis; sediments; statistical analysis
Roulet, Nigel T; McKenzie, Jeffrey M , 1998. Role of groundwater in determining the pattern of peatlands in the Hudson Bay Lowland McGill University. Department of Geography, Montreal, Syracuse University, Geological Society of America. 1998 annual meeting, Toronto. Ahstracts with Programs - Geological Society ojAmerica, vol.30. no. 7, pp.119, Earlier views on peatland-groundwater interaction developed largely in Europe from studies of small, geographically isolated peatlands, held that peatlands were largely disconnected from the groundwater of the underlying mineral substrate. Peatlands, particular domed hogs, formed perched groundwater systems. Recent studies on North American peatlands. from small isolated wetlands through to large peatland complexes suggest that there is some groundwater exchange between most peatlands and the underlying suhstrate. The extent of the groundwater interaction depends on the topographic location, geologic setting. and the developmental stage of the peatland. Results from empirical observations and model simulations of the Hudson Bay Lowland, the second largest continuous peatland in the world (320,000 km (super 2) ). provides further evidence for peatland-groundwater interaction. The predominance of wetland type across the Lowland is controlled by the recharge and discharge of regional groundwater. Measurements of hydraulic head and profiles of geochemistry indicate that the inland region of the II BL (>50 km from the coast or a major river) is a zone of groundwater recharge. and the region closer to the coast and along the river valleys are discharge zones. Simulation of the regional groundwater flow using MODFLOW confirm this recharge and discharge pattern. The hinge line between these two zones corresponds to the region where there is marked transition from the predominance of bogs and fens as determined hy wetland classification using LANDSAT TM imagery. Counter to the peatlands controlling groundwater hydrology, in the HBL the type of peatland is largely controlled by the pattern of groundwater flow.
Rudkin, David M: Westrop, Stephen R., 1996. Round and round and up and dO\vn: trilobite taphonomy of a Lower Silurian reef limestone Royal Ontario Museum, Department of Invertebrate Palaeontology, Toronto, ON, Canada (CAN) Brock University, Canada (CAN) Sixth North American paleontological convention; abstracts of papers Editor Repetski. John U. S. Geological Survey, USA, (United States) Sixth North American paleontological convention, Washington, DC, United States. June 9- J 2. 1996 Sj)ccial Puhlication - The Paleonlological Society, vol.8, pp.333. 1996 Arthropoda: Attawapiskat Formation; bio1~lcies; biogeography; Canada; carbonate rocks: Eastern Canada; effects; high·energy environment; Invertebrata; limestone; Llandoverian; Lower Silurian: morphology; Ontario: orientation; paleoenvironment; Paleozoic; preservation; reefs: sedimentary rocks; Silurian: species diversity; taphonomy; Trilobita: Trilobitomorpha
Sage, R; Morris, T F, 1995. Kimberlite in Ontario Geological Survey, Sudbury. ON. Canada (CAN) Lakehead University. Canada (CAN) Institute on Lake Superior Geology. 41 st annual meeting, proceedings; Part 1, Program and abstracts Smyk. Mark (chairperson) Editor Kehlenbeck, Manfred Ontario Geological Sur\'ey. Field Services Section-Northwest. Thunder Bay. ON, Canada (CAN) Institute on Lake Superior Geology, 41 st annual meeting. Marathon, ON. Canada, May 13-18, 1995 Proceedings (/11£1 A hstrw:ts - Instilule 011 Luke ,)'uperior Geology, Annual Meeting, vol.41. PART!, pp.62-63. May 1995 References: 2; geol. sketch map Attawapiskat River; Canada; cores: diamonds; Eastern Canada: heavy minerals: igneolls rocks;
31 intrusions; kimberlite; Lake Timiskaming; mineral exploration; Ontario: pipes; plutonic rocks; ultramafics
Sage. R P., 2000. Geology of the carbonatite-alkaIic rock complexes in Ontario: .lams Bay Lowlands, northern Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report. Study 42, 49P
Sage, R P., 2000. Kimberlites of the Attawapiskat area, James Bay Lowlands. northern Ontario Geological Survey, Precambrian Geoscience Section, CAN. (Canada) Open File Report - Ontario Geological Survey, Report: 6019, 341 pp .. 8 sheets. 2000 Kimberlites of the James Bay region straddle the Attawapiskat River approximately 110 km \vest of James Bay. The kimberlites represent two ages ofintrusiol1, Jurassic and Mesoproterozoic. The ./urassic kimberlites intruded Archean basement and a cover sequence of Paleozoic limestoncs. sandstones and siltstones. These kimberlites are hypabyssal facies with numerous xenoliths of the wall rock and all but one contain diamond. The kimberlite cluster is elongated in the northwest direction within and parallel with the geophysically defined Winisk River fault. This fault is a Proterozoic structure separating the Winisk Subprovince from the Sachigo Subprovince of the Canadian Shield. The kimberlites occur where this fault splays toward the east just south of a prominent geophysically inferred nOl1heast-trending diabase dike. These kimberlites were discovered by Monopros Ltd. in the late 1980s and continue to be tested for their diamond content. The Jurassic age kimberlites display widely varying quantities of kimberlite indicator minerals even between closely spaced pipes. The kimberlites are relatively ilmenite-rich, chromite-poor intrusions that display considerable variation in indicator mineral chemistry. In 1994. airborne magnetic surveys by KWG Resources Inc.-Spider Resources Inc. revealed kimberlite intrusions that did not breach the Paleozoic cover rocks. Dating indicates that these intrusions are Proterozoic and emplaced during development of the Midcontinent Rift and Grenville Front. One of these Proterozoic kimberlites, Kyle Lake No.1, contains a significant diamond content and has undergone extensive testing. The Kyle Lake No. I kimberlite displays extensive contamination with crustal granitic rocks. In contrast to the Early Jurassic kimberlites, the Proterozoic kimberlites appear more randomly distributed and lack any clearly defined structural control. The potential to find additional kimberlite intrusions of both age groups is very good to excellent. References: 117; ill us. inc\. 14 tables. sketch maps Latitude:N525000,N525000 Longitude:W0835000,W0835000. Report: 6018. 123 pp., 2000 References: 64; illus. inc\. 7 tables, plate, geol. sketch maps Latitude::-J465000,N47:1S00 Longitude:W0791500, W0794 100 Attawapiskat Kimberlite; Canada; chemical composition; Cochrane District Ontario; diamonds; Eastern Canada; gems; geological methods; igneous rocks; intrusions: kimberlite; Lake Timiskaming; mineral composition: mineral deposits, genesis: mineral economics; mineral exploration; Moose River basin; Ontario; pipes; plutonic rocks: potential deposits; rift zones; Seed Kimberlite; structural controls: Tandem Kimberlite: Timmins Ontario: ultramafics
Sanford, B V .. 1987. Paleozoic geology of the Hudson Platform. In Sedimentary Basins and Basin forming mechanisms, Canadian Society or Petroleum Geologists. Memoir 12: 4~D-505.
Sanford, B V; Norris, A W Devonian rocks of the fvloose River basin, Ontario/Quebec Open-File Report - Geological Survey of Canada. Report: 291. 1 sheet. 1975 This document also accompanies Geological Survey of Canada Memoir, No. 379. 1975 Map; Serial: Report: Monographic Scale: 1 :500,000. Type: geologic map Attawapiskat Formation; Canada: coal; Devonian; Eastern Canada; Ekwan River Formation; geologic maps: gypsum deposits; iron ores; Kenogami River Formation; Kwataboahegan Formation: lignite: Long Rapids Formation; maps; Mattagami FOlmation; metal ores; Moose River basin; Moose River Formation; Murray Island Formation; Ontario; Paleozoic; Quebec: sedimentary rocks: Severn River Formation: Sextant Formation; Stooping River Formation; wells; Williams Island Formation
Schulze, Daniel J; Hetman, Casey M.,1997. Mantle xenoliths from the Attawapiskat kimberlites University of Toronto, Department of Geology, Mississauga. ON. Canada (CAN) LithoProbe; Western Superior Transect third annual workshop Editor Han·ap. Rob; Helmstaedt.. Herb Queen's University, Department of Geological Sciences. Kingston, ON, Canada (CAN) LithoProbe: Western Superior Transect third anllual workshop. CAN, Apr. II 12. 1997 Uli1oprohe Report, vo1.63, pp.62-66, 1997 Attawapiskat Formation; Attawapiskat River; Canada: cores: crust; Eastern Canada; eclogite; garnet group; igneous rocks; ilmenite; inclusions; intrusions; .lames Bay Lowlands; Jurassic; kimberlite; lherzolite; lower crust; mantle; Mesozoic; metamorphic rocks: nesosilicates; Ontario; orthosilicates; oxides: P-T conditions: peridotites; petrography; pipes; plutonic rocks; provenance; silicates; ultramafics; upper mantle; xenoliths
Sjors, Hugo., 1963. Bogs and fens on Attawapiskat River, northern Ontario pp.45-133, 1963 . 186 illus., tables Attawapiskat River; bogs; Canada: Eastern Canada: geomorphology: mires: Ontario Bell, Robert., 2004. Report on an exploration of portions of the Attawapiskat and Albany rivers. Lonely Lake to James Bay [Ontario 1Annual Report - Geological Survey of Canada. 38 pp., 1887 Albany River country: Attawapiskat region: Attawapiskat River; Canada: Devonian; Eastern Canada; historical geology; Ontario: Paleozoic
Stokes, C.R.; and Clark, C.D. 2004. Evolution of late glacial ice-marginal lakes on the northwestern Canadian Shield and their influence on the location of the Dubawnt Lake palaeo-ice stream. Palaeogeography. PalaeoclimLilology. Palaeoecology 215( 1-2): 155-171.During deglaciation of the North American Laurentide Icc Sheet large proglaciallakes developed in positions where periglacial drainage was impeded by the ice margin. For some of these lakes, it is known that subsequent drainage had an abrupt and widespread impact on North Atlantic Ocean circulation and climate. but less is known about the impact that the lakes exerted on ice sheet dynamics. This paper reports palaeogeographic reconstructions of the evolution of periglacial lakes during deglaciation across the northwestern Canadian Shield, covering an area in excess of 1,000,000 km2 as the ice sheet retreated some 600 km. The interactions between periglacial lakes and ice sheet flow are explored, \\lith a particular emphasis on whether the disposition of lakes may have influenced the location of the Dubawnt Lake ice stream. This ice stream falls outside the existing paradigm for icc streams in the Laurentide Ice Sheet because it did not operate over fined-grained till or lie in a topographic trough. Ice margin positions and a digital elevation model arc utilised to predict the geometry and depth of periglacial lakes impounded at the margin at 30-kl11 increments during dl..?glaciation. Palaeogeographic reconstructions match wei! \vith previous indep.:ndent estimates of lakl..? coverage inferred from field evidence. and results suggest that the development of a Jeep lake in the Thelo11 drainage basin may have been inlluential in initiating the ice stream by inducing calving, drawing down ice and triggering fast ice now. This is the only location alongside this sector of the ice sheet where large (>3000 km2). deep lakes (120111) are impounded for a
33 significant length of time and exactly matches the location oftllc ice stream. It is speculated that the commencement of calving at the ice sheet margin may have taken the system beyond a threshold and was sufficient to trigger rapid motion but that once initiated. calving processes and losses were insignificant to the functioning of the ice stream. It is thus concluded that periglacial lakes are likely to have been an important control on ice sheet dynamics during deglaciation of the Laurentide Ice Sheet.
Stone, 0" 2001. ????????????? OOS Open File Report 6066 Stott G M., ?2003. *An extensive Phanerozoic cover overlies the Archean Superior Province in northernmost Ontario and forms the James Bay (.IBL) and Hudson Bay (HBL) lowlands. Diamondiferous kimberlite pipes of Early Jurassic and Mesoprotcrozoic age are known to occur in two separate clusters in the James Bay Lowlands. [t is generally recl)gnized that the early Jurassic kimberlite pipes, includi ng the Victor diamond deposit of De Beers Canada l~xploration Inc., are close to the Winisk River Fault, a major dextral transpressive fault formed probably during shortening of the Paleoproterozoic Trans-Hudson orogen against the northwestern Superior Province. However, this does not adequately account for the more scattered distribution, farther west, of Mesoproterozoic "Kyle"' kimberlite pipes. Not all of the Kyle intrusions lie close to the Winisk River Fault. *A geological interpretation of n:gional aeromagnetic maps of the Precambrian basement underlying the Phanerozoic cover in the JBL and HBL suggests a correspondence between both of these kimberlite pipe clusters and two diabase dyke swarms. The Early Jurassic pipes mainly lie in a linear northwestvvard trend close to a Matachewan (ca. 2446 Ma) diabase dyke. This dyke is part of a parallel bundle or northwest-striking dykes across an approximately 20-kilometre width cut by the Winisk River Fault. It is suggested here that the deep crustal jJ'actures associated with these dykes, arising from the giant Matachewan magmatic event, were reopened during subsequent episodes of displacement along the Winisk River Fault. Over 90 km farther \-vest, the 2121 Ma Marathon swarm forms an approx. 20 kilometre wide bundle of dykes trending northwards in the vicinity of the Kyle kimberlite pipes. Individual pipes lie close to aeromagnetic traces of the dykes. The occurrence of both sets of kimberlite pipes, close to but generally not on the Winisk River Fault, implies the possibility that dyke-associated fracture swarms served as second-order. extensional "splays" near this major fault and provided preferred emplacement pathways for pipe. *Approximately 60-80 km farther east of the Victor depo:.;it. there is an overlap of another set of Matachewan and Marathon dyke bundles transected by the east-trending Winisk River Fault where no kimberlite pipes have as yet been discovered. In the comext of this model. another area of potential exploration interest straddles the Manitoba Ontario border near the Hudson Bay Lowlands where a set of reversely magnetised, north-striking dykes (and fractures'?) occur between the North Kenyon fault and the Winisk River fault and "up-ice" from an area of glacially deposited kimberlite indicator minerals (D. Stone. OGS Open File Report 60()6. 2001). These two areas might serve as exploration tests of this model. especially in proximity [0 the faults. It is to be expected that the aeromagnetic expression of the pipes might be masked by the presence of these dykes. This is a testable hypothesis and further research requires dating of fracture materials in these diabase/fracture swarms. The apparent correspondence betwcen kimberlite pipe emplacements and geophysically traceable bundles of diabase dyke~, and accompanying fractures provides a potentially important structural control, especially \vhere subjected to reactivated tensile stress near major transcurrent faults.
34 Suchy, Daniel R, 1989. Syndepositional relief of Silurian reefs of the Hudson Bay Platform, northern Ontario McGill Univ., Dep. Geo!. Sci., Montreal. PQ. Canada (CAN) Stearn. Colin W (chairperson) 1989. Geological Association of Canada, Mineralogical Association of Canada, annual meeting; program with abstracts--Association Geologique du Canada, Association Mineralogique du Canada, reunion annuelle; programme et resumes Geological Association of Canada, Mineralogical Association of Canada, annual meeting--Associatioll Geologique du Canada, Association Mineralogique du Canada. reunion annuelle, Montreal. PQ. Canada, May 15-17, 1989 Program with Abstracts - Geological Association of Canada: Mineralogical Association of Canada; Canadian Geophysical Union. Joint Annual Meeting, vo1.14, pp.62. 17 May] 989 Atlantic Ocean; Attawapiskat Formation; Canada: deposition: Eastern Canada: Hudson Bay; North Atlantic; northern Ontario: Ontario: Paleozoic: reefs; sedimentary petrology; Silurian
Suchy, Daniel R; Stearn, Colin W,. 1993. Lower Silurian reefs and post-reefheds of the Attawapiskat Formation, Hudson Bay Platiorm, northern Ontario McGill University. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Montreal. PQ, Canada (CAN) Canadian Journal 0/ Earl h Sciences voL30, no.3, pp.575-590, Mar 1993 References: 38; iIlus. inc!. strat. cols .. sects .• geot. sketch map PT: Publication Type Serial; Analytic CP: Country of Publication Canada (CAN) LL: Latitude & Longitude Latitude:N514500.N530000 Longitude:W0823000,W0830000 Attawapiskat Formation; boundstone; Canada; carbonate rocks; cement: diagenesis; Eastern Canada; Hudson Bay Lowlands: Lower Silurian: northern Ontario; Ontario; outcrops; paleogeography; Paleozoic; platforms; reefs; regression: sea-level changes; sedimentary rocks; sedimentation; Silurian; transgression
Suchy" Daniel R; Stearn, Colin W., 1992. Lower Silurian sequence stratigraphy and sea-level history of the Hudson Bay Platform McGill University. Department of Geological Sciences, Montreal, PQ. Canada (CAN) Bulle/in (?/Canadian Petroleum Geolo,t"y. vo1.40, 110A pp.335-355, Dec 1992 References: 47; iIlus. inc!. charts. sects., strat. cols., 2 tables. geol. sketch maps Attawapiskat Forn1ation; Canada; cores; correlation; Eastern Canada; Ebvan River Formation; Hudson Bay Platform; Kenogami River Formation: lithofacies; Lower Silurian: marine environment; Moose River basin; Ontario; outcrops: Paleozoic; sequence stratigraphy; Severn River Formation; Silurian; supratidal environment; unconformities Suchy, Daniel R Hudson Bay Platform; Silurian sequence stratigraphy and paleoenvironments 209 Pl'. Thesis or dissertation; Doctoral; Monographic McGill University. Montreal. PQ, Canada (CAN) Attawapiskat Formation; block structures; burial diagenesis; Canada; carbonate rocks: carbonatization; cementation; cores; correlation: diagenesis; dolomitization; Eastern Canada; Ekwan River Formation; faults; Hudson Bay Platform; Kerogami River Formation: lithofacies; Llandoverian; Lower Silurian; marine environment; Moose River basin; Ontario: outcrops; paleoenvironment; Paleozoic; reefs; regression: sea-level changes; sedimt'ntary rocks; sequence stratigraphy; Severn River Formation; Silurian; unconformities; uplifts
Suchy, Daniel R; Stearn, Colin W .. 1993. Evidence of a continent-wide t:'1ult system on the Attawapiskat River, Hudson Bay Platform. northern Ontario McGill University. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Montreal. PQ. Canada (CAN) Cwwciian ./0 un wI orEar/II Sciences. vo1.30, no.8, pp.1668-1673, Aug 1993 References: 17; illus. inc!. sketdl maps Latitude:N525000,N525800 Longitude: W0833000, W0835800 aerial photography; Attawapiskat
35 River; Canada; conjugate faults; continental crust; crust: displacements; Eastern Canada; faults; field studies; Hudson Bay Lowlands; Lower Silurian: Ontario; outcrops; Paleozoic; reactivation; reefs: remote sensing; Silurian
Switzer, G., Melson, W.G., 1969. Paliiallly melted kyanite eclogite from Roberts Victor Mine, SOllth Africa, Smithstonian Contribution to Earth Science, I, 7 P
Thorleifson, L H; Wyatt, P H: Shilts, W W; Nielsen, E .. 1992. Hudson Bay Lowland Quaternary stratigraphy; evidence for early Wisconsinan glaciation centered in Quebec The last interglacial-glacial transition in North America Clark, Peter U; Lea, Peter D (editors) Oregon State University, Department of Geosciences, Corvallis, OR, United States (USA) Special Paper - Geological Society ofAmericu, \/01.270, pp.207-221 , absolute age: amino acids; Bell Sea; C-14; Canada; carbon; Cenozoic; clastic sediments: correlation; dates; deglaciation; Eastern Canada; Fawn River; fossil wood: geochronology; glaciation; Gods River; Hudson Bay Lowlands; isotopes; lower Wisconsinan: Manitoba: Missinaibi Formation; Nelson River; organic acids; organic compounds; organic materials; organic residues; paleoclimatology: peat: Pleistocene; Quaternary; Quebec; radioactive isotopes; sediments: shells: thermoluminescence; till; upper Pleistocene; Western Canada: Wisconsinan,
Thurston, P C; Cmier, M W., 1969 Operation tort hope - attawapiskat river sheet districts of kenora (patricia portion), and thunder bay English Ontario dept. mines prelim. geo1. map 563 pp. attawapiskat river sheet; Canada; Eastern Canada: geologic; kenora-thunder bay districts: maps; Ontario 14, Geologic maps
Veillette, J.J., McClenaghan, M.B., 1996. Sequence of glacial icc Oows in Abitihi-Timiskaming; implications for mineral exploration and dispersal of calcareous rocks from the Hudson Bay basin, Quehec and Ontario. GeologicalS'lIrvey olCanada, Open File 3033, map 1:500000
Walker, E., 2004, (Press release) James Bay Lowlands Diamond Project Pele MOlillwin has recently staked more than 60 airborne geophysical targets and completed ground geophysical surveys over certain high priority targets in a new area southwest of De Beers, Victor Project in preparation for a winter drilling campaign. Many of the newly staked targets have similar size. shape, dip and magnetic susceptibility to known diamond-bearing kimberlite pipes within the James Bay Lowlands. A winterized camp has been established and a drill with fuel and supplies has been mobilized to the area in preparation for a winter drilling program. Pele Mountain Resources is a Canadian mineral exploration company and a leader in the search Cor economic diamond and gold deposits in northern Ontario. Pcle is actively exploring on four project fronts, including Goldcorp-funded programs at the Ardeen Gold Mine and Festival Diamond projects along with in-house programs at Wawa Gold and the James Bay Lowlands. Pele i'v1011ntain trades on the TSX Venture Exchange under the symhol "'GEM" This press release has heen I\:viewcd and approved hy Dr. Edward Walker. P.C/eo., an independent consultant and a Qualilied Person. For further information please contact: Al Shd'sky President( 416) 368-7214 \NWW. pelemountain.com
Wang, K T; Chin, V I Northern Ontario water resources studies; ground-\\ater resoun.:es Water Resollrces Report (Toronto), no.llh, 121 pp., 1978 References: 67; illus. inc!. tables Seale:
36 I :2,000,000. Type: geologic maps; hydrogeologic maps Latitude:N480000.N570000 Longitude: W0800000,W0900000 1966-1972: AI bany River; aqui fers; Attawapiskat River: Canada; Eastern Canada; economic geology; geologic maps: ground water: hydrogeologic maps; hydrology; levels; maps; Moose River: north; Ontario: Paleozoic: Precambrian; recharge; Severn River; surveys; transmissivity; water quality; water resources; water supply: watersheds: Winisk River
Webb. K J., 2003. Overview of the discovery, evaluation and geology of the Victor Kimberlite, Attawapiskat, northern Ontario VIIIth international kimberlite conference, 2003. fidd trip guidebooks Editor Kjarsgaard, B. A. Venue West Conference Services, Vancouver, Be Canada (CAN) References: 85; illus. incl. block diags., sketch maps Pages 39-46 PT: Publication Type
Norford, B S., 1981. The trilobite fauna of the Silurian Attawapiskat Formation. northern Ontario and northern Manitoba Energy Mines Resow'. Can., Oeol. Surv. Can .. Ottawa, ON, Canada (CAN) Bulletin - Geological Survey oj'Canada. no.327. 37 pp., 1981 References: 50; illus. incl. 1 table, 11 plates, charts, geol. sketch map Latitude:N500000.N560000 Longitude: W0800000, W091 0000 Anthozoa; Arthropoda; Attawapiskat Formation: biogeography; Canada; Cape Henrietta Maria Arch; Cheiruridae: Chiozoon llmisk; Coelenterata; Conodonta; Eastern Canada; faunal studies; IlIaeuidae; Invertebrata; Llandoverian; Lower Silurian; Manitoba; microfossils: morphology; new taxa; Ontario; paleontology; Paleozoic; Proetidae; Ptychopariida; Silurian; Stenoparei3 julli; stratigraphy: Trilobita: Trilobitomorpha; Wenlockian; Western Canada: Winiskia perryi
We strop, Stephen R; Rudkin, David M., 1999. Trilobite taphonomy ora Silurian reef; Attawapiskat Fonnation, northern Ontario University of Oklahoma, Museum of:.Jatural History, Norman, OK, United States (USA) Royal Ontario Museum, Canada (CA:.J) Pa/£Iios, vo1.14, no.4. pp.389-397, Aug 1999 Trilobites of ex hum cd reefs of the Late Llandoverian Attawapiskat Fonnation of northern Ontario occur in accumulations that have undergone extensive taphonomic sorting. Most spectacular are monospccific to low-diversity "pockets" orthe large scutelluine Ekwanoscutellum. These accumulations. which cover areas or up to a square meter, are nested stacks of mostly inverted (concave-up) large scleritcs, the majority of which are pygidia. They may have formed by passive settl ing of sclerites in "current-shadows" in the lee of obstacles in the reef system. Excellent preservation of the scleritcs, absence of epibionts, and minimal internal sediment with in the "pockets" suggest rapid accumulation. Aggregation of individuals for molting and reproduction may explain the availability of large numbers of Ekwanoscutellum sclerites as raw material for the accumulations. A second. less common assemblage is a more diverse association dominated by the scutelluine Meroperix and the illaenid Stenopareia, and is often associated with abundant calciate brachiopods. Although some sorting has taken place, more variable dorso-ventral orientations and lower scJerite abundances indicate a different origin from the Ekwanoscutellum Association. The data underscore the taphonomic complexity ofpatcby environments such as Silurian reefs and indicate that extensive sorting of skeletons is a significant source of bias in the paleoecologic analysis of non-framework components ofreef biofacies. References: 38; illus. incl. stm1. col.. sketch map
Purcell, WilL 2004. MacDonald Mines plans a Big Mac attack Kirk McKinnon's MacDonald Mines Exploration Ltd. is now touting some kimberlite targets on its metal play in the
37 Attawapiskat area of Northern Ontario. The company acquired two projects in the area for their metal promise last year, after De Beers Canada Corp. accidentally discovered sulphides while hunting for diamonds on a project owned by Spider Resources Inc. and KWG Resources Inc. Since then, Spider and its partner have had success at coming lip with some promotable assays from the developing McFauld's Lake project. Meanwhile, MacDonald has been conducting preliminary exploration for metals on its nearby Big Mac and MacNugget properties. but it now thinks there could be reason to expand its search to include gems. MacDonald placed a greater emphasis on geology, not proximity, but the company's MacNugget property lies only 50 kilometres to the west of Spider's McFauld's Lake find, while the Big Mac play lies in a northwesterly trending line commencing just 20 kilometres to the north of the McFauld's Lake discovery. As a result, the top priority was placed on metals, after Spider began coming lip with some promising copper, zinc and precious metal assays fi'Oln its McFauJd's No. I and No.3 deposits. Nevertheless, the Attawapiskat region is also diamond country. The Big Mac play is roughly 50 kilometres to the west of a long line of kimberlite finds that were tumed up by Spider and its partners in the mid-J990s. Two of the kimberlitcs proved promotable. and there is lingering interest in them to this day. The Kyle No. \ pipe lies about 60 kilometres to the southeast of the Big Mac property and about 80 kilometres east of MacNugget. Kyle No.1 contained enough sparkle to warrant a series of caustic fusion tests, followed by a limited mini-bulk sampling program. Spider came up with about 3.7 carats from about 6.2 tonnes of kimberlite, although the 0.6-carat-per-tonne grade included all of the diamonds recO\ercd. not just the larger macros. Ashton Mining of Canada Ltd. was brie11y a partner on the play. and it completed a tinier test in the mid-\990s. The result was apparently less than 0.1 () carat per tonne and the company called it quits. Nevertheless, the diamond content within Kyle No. I appears to be highly variable, and that has helped maintain Spider's interest. A second tind also provided enough sparkle to sustain interest for several years. The Kyle No.3 body is ahout 40 kilometres to the east of MacDonald's Big Mac and roughly 80 kilometres northeast of MacNugget. The diamond content of No. 3 fell well 8hol1 of what had been found in the No.1 pipe, but Spider subsequently spun a revived promotion that was based upon the apparent presence of a high-grade portion within the body. The current interest in the diamond prospects or the Attawapiskat region now centres ahout 150 kilometres to the east of MacDonald's properties, where De Beers plans to build Ontario's first diamond mine on its Victor pipe. Victor contains nearly 30 million tonnes of kimherlite, and although the rock contains less than one-quarter of a carat of diamonds per tonne, those diamonds are apparently worth something approaching $300 (U.S.) per carat. Current plans call for a mine that could produce over SOO.OOO carats annually, worth about $ 160-million (U.S.) per year, and hopes of similar riches have revived the Ontario diamond hunt in a big way. Some of that interest could easily extend westward to the area sUlTounding MacDonald's property. De Beers sa\},i enough promise in the region that it picked up an option on a large area of ground ti'om Spider. but a quick look failed to produce much of interest for the diamond giant. De Beers did find some possible kimberlite targets that were worthy of drilling and it poked a hole il1to at least one of them. but it found insufficient reason to stick around. Nevertheless, MacDonald now believes it has identified quite a number of possible kimberlite targets from its geophysical suney work. The company currently has no real plans to pursue its diamond prospects on its own. but is husy shopping its kimberlite data to a number of diamond explorers that could be interested in some sol1 of a gem deal. Ir MacDonald can land a partner for the diamond portion of its Attawapiskat play. it could bode well for the metals portion of Big Mac and MacNugget as \vell. The McFauld's metal play got its
38 start when De Beers drilled what it thought was a kimberlite target and encountered sulphides at McFaul d's No.1. With a bit of luck, MacDonald could achieve a similar result on one of its own suspected kimberlite targets. Although Attawapiskat gems have become topical in rccent months, the metal prospects of Big Mac and MacNuggct still appear to be the priority for MacDonald, based upon interest in the steady strcam of assays that ha\e come from Spider's McFaul d's Lake play. In mid-May, Spider and its partners produced an eight-metre massive sulphide intersection in one of its drill holes that yielded a particularly promotable assay. The zone at McFauld's No.3 produced a copper content of 6.45 per cent and a zinc assay of 3.45 per cent. As well, the intersection indicated a gold contcnt of 0.42 gram per tonne, and 15.5 grams of silver per tonne. That outcome was not unique, as the zone is located down plunge and along strike from some other holes that also delivered a toutable collection of copper and zinc assays. Interest in the No.3 deposit has been growing since last year, when the partners hitl zone about 26 metres thick in its first drill hole into the feature. The materiai revealed an average zinc content of nearly 5 per cent, and there was an eight -metre zone rich in copper that was immediately below the zinc region. That makes the No.3 deposit an attractive target. and it appears to be intriguingly large as well, with a geophysical signature that is about 800 metres long. That is longer than the signature for the McFauld's No.1 feature. about two kilometres to the northeast of No. 3. 010. 1 was drilled in a big vvay last year and that work also produced a toutable collection of assays that showed significant copper and zinc grades. although the promotability of the values has been surpassed by the results from No.3. Spider and its McFauld's partners also produced some metal from \kFauld's No.2 and McFauld's No.4, which is about one kilometre to the n0l1h of No.3. Neither of the tv.'O deposits del ivered ellough promise to make them priorities, compared with their hlr more promotable neighbours MacDonald now hopes that it has a similar abundance of metal deposits on its ground. The company has plans for a drill program this summer on its Attawapiskat plays and the company is finalizing its strategy for that program. Coming up with massive sulphide deposits comparable with what Spider has been finding on its property will clearly be a top priority and the hulk of that effort is expected to take place on the big Mac part of the play. As well. MacDonald has two potential gold targets, one on Big Mac and another on MacNugget. That will t3ke cash, but Mr. McKinnon and his new crew at little MacDonald have been effective at coming lip with exploration cash of late. The company completed a series of linancings over the past several months and it has just completed the private placement of 7.5 million units priced at 20 cents, which brought in about $1.5-million in new cash. and a new financing to securc an additional $500,000 is apparently in progress. Mr. McKinnonbecamepresident of MacDonald last summer, replacing Frank Smeenk. The Brampton-based management consultant was one of three new directors added to MacDonald's board in mid-August, in a rearrangement of managers and directors that affected a few companies. Bryan Wilson, a Richmond Hill-based geologist and the president of Spider, was one of those new appointments. Mr. Wilson. who also has experience in the financial end of things. played a key role in the departure 01 \ltr. Smeenk last summer. Mr. Wilson apparently offered the fonner MacDonn:d president the Ch311Ce 10 run VenCan Gold Corp., which was working on a Wawa gold play. Mr. Smeenk did not last long at VenCan. as he resigned last fall and is now believed to bc working on getting a nev\: company off the ground. As well, Mr. Smeenk has been a director of K WG Resourc;.:s since 200 I. Mr. Wilson replaced Mr. Smeenk as president of VenCan. but he alsp spent just a few months in the company's top office, as VenCan shuffled its management once again in May. Mr. Wilson became chairman, and his replacement as president \vas none other than Mr. McKinllon.
j,'0 Sudbury geologist, Hadyn Butler. was also added to \1acDonald's board with Mr. Wilson and Mr. McKinnon. The trio were joined last October by a Toronto-based management consultant, Richard Schier. Mr. SchIer was also appoi nted to be the chief financial of1icer of Yen( 'an this spring. MacDonald added two new directors this spring. Milton Snow is a Toronto-based insurance broker and Joseph Heng is a chartered accountant in the Toronto area. Mr. McKinnon and his MacDonald crew had a bit of luck at selling the VenCan story over the past year. The company's shares struggled near the nickel mark last spring. but rallied to a 19.5-cent peak early this year, on the strength of a flurry of activity. but interest has since subsided and the stock has drifted back below a dime. MacDonald's promotion has also fallen on tough times or late. The company's shares crested in late February at 41.5 cents. but the stock has since shed more than half of its value, dipping below the 20-cent levd in recent days. MacDonald was unchanged Wednesday, closing at 20 cents.;;;;
40 p.2 Jun 22 05 10:24a Pele Mountain 416 368-7230
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June 21, 2005
Mr. Steven Beneteau Mining Lands Section Geoscience Assessment Office 933 Ramsey Lake Road, 6th floor Sudbury, Ontario P3E 6B5
Dear Sir:
Re: Attawapiskat River Project, East River Block- 45 Day Notice W0560.00880
Further to your letter of J une 1, 2005 regarding the required revisions to Pele' s submission for assessment credit. the GPS co-ordinates for the indicator mineral samples are as follows:
#1: 17 320475E 5859590N
#2: 17 320756E 5859619N
Should you have any questions or require additional information please do not hesitate to contact me at the address or telephone number listed below.
Sincerely,
PELE MOUNTAIN RESOURCES
M ~~.mS.Coo ,M.A. lrector, La s and Traditional Use
PELE MOUNTAIN RESOURCES INC. "16.3GB. n2+ Pbon. I +.6·368·7230 F"" I 2200 Yon", g ... Sui.el002 : Toron.o. Ontario M4S ~C6 _.pelemount.in.com