DOCSLIB.ORG

The Office on Violence Against Women's Grant Funds Used to Address Stalking

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Office on Violence Against Women's Grant Funds Used to Address Stalking THE OFFICE ON VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN’S GRANT FUNDS USED TO ADDRESS STALKING: 2012 REPORT TO CONGRESS 1 Contents Stalking Victimization in the United States 3 State Stalking Laws 4 Office on Violence Against Women Background 7 OVW Discretionary Grantees Address the Crime of Stalking 10 Criminal Justice Activities: Snapshot of the Arrest Program (January to June 2010) 17 STOP Program Subgrantees Activities (January to December 2010) 19 Technical Assistance to OVW Grantees 23 Reported Areas of Remaining Need 24 References 27 2 Stalking Victimization in the United States Stalking is a complex crime that is often missed, misunderstood, and underestimated. Results of the 2010 National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS), released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in late 2011, found that, conservatively1, 6.6 million people were stalked in a 12-month period and that 1 in 6 women and 1 in 19 men were stalked at some point in their lifetime. These numbers indicate that stalking is an issue for every community across the U.S. The report noted that while anyone can be a victim of stalking, females were nearly three times more likely to be stalked than males, and that young adults had the highest rates of stalking victimization. More than one-half of female victims and one-third of male victims were stalked before the age of 25. Additionally, about 1 in 5 female victims and 1 in 14 male victims experienced stalking between the ages of 11 and 17. For the overwhelming majority of victims, the stalker is someone known to them—an acquaintance, a family member, or most often, a current or former intimate partner. Sixty-six percent of female victims and 41 percent of male victims were stalked by a current or former intimate partner. 1 In the NISVS report, the CDC based its estimate of stalking prevalence on a conservative definition of stalking, which required the victim to report having felt very fearful or concern that harm would come to the victim or someone close to him/her as a result of the perpetrator’s behavior. But the study also reported stalking prevalence using a less conservative definition of stalking, which considers any amount of fear (i.e., a little fearful, somewhat fearful, or very fearful). Using that definition, the study found that 1 in 4 women and 1 in 13 men reported being a victim of stalking in their lifetime, with 6.5% and 2.0% of women and men, respectively, reporting stalking in the 12 months prior to taking the survey. 3 The report also confirmed what law enforcement, prosecutors, victim service providers, and other professionals have been hearing from victims for years—that most stalking cases involve some form of technology. More than three-quarters of victims reported having received unwanted phone calls, voice and text messages; and roughly one-third of victims were watched, followed, or tracked with a listening or other device. The findings underscore how critical it is that professionals who respond to and work with stalking victims understand the dynamics of stalking, particularly how stalkers use technology. State Stalking Laws Stalking is a crime in all states, the District of Columbia, U.S. territories, and under Federal law. States did not begin to pass stalking laws until the early 1990s, making stalking statutes young compared to other criminal statutes. California was the first state to criminalize stalking in 1990 after a string of high profile cases, including the attempted murder of actress Theresa Saldana. While stalking laws and definitions vary from state to state, stalking is generally defined as a course of conduct directed at a specific person that would cause a reasonable person to feel fear. However, jurisdictions define course of conduct differently. Many states define course of conduct as one or more intentional acts that evidence a continuity of purpose. Depending on the state, stalking is either a crime of general or specific intent. Stalking statutes often do not cover all behaviors that a stalker might employ, such as using surveillance technology. See Appendix A and B for criminal and civil stalking information by state. 4 Some states laws require that the defendant’s course of conduct cause the victim actual fear. However, other states use a reasonable person standard to establish fear. Some jurisdictions utilize both actual fear and a reasonable person standard. In establishing fear, some states require the victim to feel terrorized, frightened, threatened or fear that the defendant intends to injure the victim, another person, or the property of the victim or of another person. Some states more broadly require the victim to fear for their safety or suffer emotional distress, whereas other jurisdictions require a higher standard of fear of serious bodily injury or death. The classification of stalking varies widely by state. Thirteen states and the U.S. territory of Guam designate stalking as a felony upon first offense minus any aggravating factors. Thirty-six states and the District of Columbia designate stalking as a felony upon a second or subsequent offense and/or when aggravating factors are present (Stalking Resource Center, 2012). Aggravating factors may include: possession of a deadly weapon, violation of a court order or condition of probation/parole, a victim who is under 16 years of age, or a history of reports involving the same victim. Maryland is the only state with a misdemeanor and no felony-level stalking offense. Stalking laws have struggled to keep pace with rapid developments in technology. As the use of email, the Internet, global positioning systems (GPS), social media, and cell phones has expanded, so has their use by stalkers. The 2005 reauthorization of the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) extended the Federal interstate stalking statute to include cyberstalking.2 One third of states have incorporated the use of electronic communications into their stalking statues; however, these statutes often do not include the full range of electronic stalking used by stalkers 2 18 U.S.C. §2261 A. 5 since the growth and popularity of new technologies outpace the laws (Stalking Resource Center, 2003). While many states have laws that cover stalking through electronic communication, very few have expanded their laws to include other technologies such as surveillance, the use of GPS devices to follow victims, and videotaping. Six state legislatures,3 such as Washington,4 have enacted separate cyberstalking and cyberharassment laws in order to ensure other forms of electronic stalking are criminalized. These laws often include lengthy lists of tools, devices, and methods that stalkers may use. However, these states are in the minority. Most states5 incorporate other means of electronic stalking by amending their general anti-stalking statutes to include cyberstalking (Stalking Resource Center, 2003). Capturing technologies beyond electronic communication can be difficult, particularly in states like Kansas, Louisiana, Massachusetts, and California. In California, the crime of stalking requires a “credible” threat in which the stalking conduct was “a combination of verbal, written, or electronically communicated statements and conduct.”6 While many state harassment and stalking laws cover this new field of “cyberstalking,” courts still struggle with determining what laws are applicable to stalkers who use various types of technology. 3 Illinois, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Rhode Island and Washington. 4 Wash. Rev. Code Ann. §9.61.260 (West 2010). 5 Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. See the Stalking Resource Center’s website for updated information. Also see the National Conference of State Legislators’ website for updates. 6 Cal. Penal Code § 646.9 (Deering 2003). 6 Stalking laws have made tremendous strides over the past two decades. In order to protect victims of stalking and bring stalking perpetrators to justice, legislatures must continue to strengthen stalking laws and address the technological realities of our time. Office on Violence Against Women Background The Office on Violence Against Women (OVW), a component of the U.S. Department of Justice, provides national leadership in developing the nation’s capacity to reduce violence against women through the implementation of VAWA. Created in 1995, OVW administers financial and technical assistance to communities across the country that are developing programs, policies, and practices aimed at ending domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking. Since its inception, OVW has awarded over $5 billion in grants and cooperative agreements and launched a multifaceted approach to implementing VAWA. By forging state, local, and tribal partnerships among police, prosecutors, victim advocates, health care providers, and others, OVW grant programs help provide victims7 with the protection and services they need to pursue safe and healthy lives, while simultaneously enabling communities to hold offenders accountable for their crimes. Currently, OVW administers 3 formula grant programs and 18 discretionary grant programs, which were established under
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Stalking and Attachment Theory: Causes and Management
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects CUNY Graduate Center 9-2020 Stalking and Attachment Theory: Causes and Management Zoe Turner The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/4048 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] STALKING AND ATTACHMENT THEORY: CAUSES AND MANAGEMENT by ZOE TURNER A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Psychology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2020 i © 2020 ZOE TURNER All Rights Reserved ii Stalking and Attachment Theory: Causes and Management by Zoe Turner This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Psychology in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _______________ ____________________________________ Date Phil Yanos, Ph.D. Chair of Examining Committee _______________ ____________________________________ Date Richard Bodner, Ph.D. Executive Officer Supervisory Committee: Elizabeth Jeglic, Ph.D. Louis Schlesinger, Ph.D. Philip Erdberg, Ph.D. Ali Khadivi, Ph.D. THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT Stalking and Attachment Theory: Causes and Management by Zoe Turner Advisor: Phil Yanos, Ph.D. Stalking is an issue that has drawn increasing attention over the past four decades. Approximately 6 million Americans report being the victims of stalking each year. The psychological and physical effects of stalking can be severe, ranging from anxiety and depression to physical harm and even death.
    [Show full text]
  • BUSINESS Klan Plans Teacher's Halli Boston College,] I N B R Ie F ' 5; to Return Remembered Villanova Lose 8.6% Real GNP
    20 - MANCHESTER HERALD. Sat., March 20, 1982 BUSINESS Klan plans Teacher's Halli Boston College,] I n b r ie f ' 5; to return remembered Villanova lose 8.6% Real GNP ... page 4 ... page 9 ... page 13 Hale elected Barter thrives Gross National Product ~ Seasonally adjusted annual CHICAGO — William H. Hale, president of ra te Heritage Savings and Loan Association of Manchester, Conn., has been appointed to the 1982 as mofiey tight Secondary Market Committee of the United States League of Savings Associations. Percentages reflect change The appointment was announced by Roy G. METAIRIE, La. (UPI) — Businesses ’That means members continue to earn from previous quarter Green, chairman of the league and president of and professionals are turning more and their full profit margin under the system Fair tonight Manchester, Conn. Fidelity Federal Savings and Loan Association, more to bartering in today’s depressed when “selling.” And, when "buying,” and Tuesday Jacksonville, Fla. economy, making a growth industry of the members do not have to spend cash Mon., March 22, 1982 The U.S. League is the principal trade organiza­ the centuries-old system of exchange. that could be used for inventory or — See page 2 tion for the savings and loan business and “The thing is cash flow,’’ said George capital improvements. 1982 Single copy 25<( represents over 4,000 associations throughout the Hesse, director of the New Orleans ’That television dealer who received a country. Trade Exchange. $1,000 debit will receive credits when Savings and loan associations are the second “People have inventory but no cash. If someone in the system comes to him for largest t> pe of financial Institution in America and they can spend $2,(X)0 on buying things a TV set.
    [Show full text]
  • The Efficacy of the California Stalking Law: Surveying Its Evolution, Extracting Insights from Domestic Violence Cases, 6 Hastings Women's L.J
    Hastings Women’s Law Journal Volume 6 Article 13 Number 2 Seeing the Elephant 6-1-1995 The fficE acy of the California Stalking Law: Surveying Its Evolution, Extracting Insights from Domestic Violence Cases Tatia Jorda Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hwlj Recommended Citation Tatia Jorda, The Efficacy of the California Stalking Law: Surveying Its Evolution, Extracting Insights from Domestic Violence Cases, 6 Hastings Women's L.J. 363 (1995). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hwlj/vol6/iss2/13 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings Women’s Law Journal by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Efficacy of the California Stalking Law: Surveying Its Evolution, Extracting Insights from Domestic Violence Cases Tatia Jordan * "The right to be left alone is the most comprehensive of rights and the right most valued by civilized [people). " -Justice Louis Brandeis I. Introduction In 1990, California became the first state to pass anti-stalking legislation. 1 The rush of other states to quickly pass similar legislation in the succeeding four years is evidence that stalking is becoming an increasingly common crime in our society and has come to the fore of the public conscience. 2 Indeed, since 1990, forty-eight states have enacted anti-stalking statutes. 3 Further, in 1993, United States Senator Barbara Boxer (D-California) co-sponsored a bill to make stalking a federal crime.
    [Show full text]
  • Being Stalked by an Obsessed Fan Is Every Star's Worst Nightmare. Despite the Best Security Their Money Can Buy. the Results
    BEINGSTALKED BY AN OBSESSED FAN IS EVERY STAR'S WORST NIGHTMARE.DESPITE THE BEST SECURITY THEIR MONEY CAN BUY.THE RESULTS CAN TURN VIOLENT - ANDEVEN DEADLY DAilGERIIUSMI]IDS BTINDOBSESSION (CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT): SHARONGLESS' STALKER JONI LEIGH PENN; REBEC- CASCHAEFFER'S MURDTRER, ROBERT JOHN BARDO; DAVIDLETTERIVIAN FANIVIARGARET RAY;WHITNEY HOUSTON,SSTALKER STEVEN J, MARRIOTT;AND THERESASALDANA'S STALKER ARTHUR JACKSON I(;}.II'EEN-YI.,AR'oI-D DANIELLE IJARRIS TI,IOLI(;H1' SHF]IIAI) IT then came the call from the Los AngclesPolice Departrnent (LAPI)) made. [.ast surnmer,after 1.iyears as a bit player in Holly- proving with all too much certainty that shetruly hacl. wood, including a seasonas the peskyneighbor Molly on Basedon a tip it had receivedfrom the Houston Police Depart- Roseanneand a par:tas Bruce\Willis'daughter inThe Last ment, the LAPD'sthreat-management unit (TMU, an elite force Boy Scout,she learned she was about to land a leadingrole formed in 1990 after the stalkins murder of actressRebecca in a major motion picture - Daylight, starring Sylvester Schaeffer)had every reason to believethat an obsesseclfan was at Stallone,no less- which would be shot on location in Rome. One that very moment on his way to seeHarris. The 19-year-oldsuspect week earlier she'd thrown herselfa big birthday bash at the Studio (policeasked that he not be identified in this story), who'd been City home she sharedwith her manager-mother,Frances, and little sendingHarris threateningletters for three years,was driving from sisterAshley. All her friendswere there,including fellow sitcom Texas with his father and his father's girlfriend.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Psychoanalytic Reading of Raging Bull
    29.1 (June 2007): 11–27 ISSN 0210-6124 Masculinity, Violence, Resistance: A New Psychoanalytic Reading of Raging Bull Leighton Grist University of Winchester [email protected] Long regarded as a canonical text of recent Hollywood cinema, Raging Bull has enjoyed not inconsiderable critical attention. The film’s particularized representation of violent masculinity would correspondingly appear to invite psychoanalytic consideration. However, the influential analyses of Pam Cook and Robin Wood excepted, Raging Bull has received little detailed or sustained psychoanalytic examination. Attempting to rectify the situation, this article embeds psychoanalytic discussion within a close formal expounding of the text. In part the article builds upon the work of Cook and Wood, but it also significantly addresses the connotations of the seeming masochism of the film’s protagonist, Jake La Motta (Robert De Niro): a masochism that in discussions of Raging Bull has too often tended to be assumed as axiomatic. Taking a Freudian/Lacanian approach, the article ultimately contends that while Raging Bull can be considered, ideologically, as potentially progressive, the film reaches a conclusion that can be regarded, psychoanalytically, as radical. Keywords: Raging Bull, Martin Scorsese, psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, Jacques Lacan, masculinity, masochism. In its representation of former world champion middleweight boxer Jake La Motta, Raging Bull (Martin Scorsese, 1980) can be seen to present almost a psychoanalytic case history of violent masculinity. In psychoanalytically based criticism of the film, Jake’s violence has reciprocally been referred to a resistance to perceived threats against that masculinity. Influential have been the arguments propounded by Pam Cook and Robin Wood. Cook reads the film as centred upon “male Oedipal anxieties” (1982: 44), Wood foregrounds its “homosexual subtext” (1986: 109).
    [Show full text]
  • “The Greatest Gift Is the Realization That Life Does Not Consist Either In
    “The greatest gift is the realization that life does not consist either in wallowing in the past or peering anxiously into the future; and it is appalling to contemplate the great number of often painful steps by which ones arrives at a truth so old, so obvious, and so frequently expressed. It is good for one to appreciate that life is now. Whatever it offers, little or much, life is now –this day-this hour.” Charles Macomb Flandrau Ernest Hemingway drank here. Cuban revolutionaries Fidel Castro and Che Guevera drank here. A longhaired young hippie musician named Jimmy Buffett drank and performed here, too. From the 1930’s through today this rustic dive bar has seen more than its share of the famous and the infamous. It’s a little joint called Capt. Tony’s in Key West, Florida. Eighty-seven-year-old Anthony ‘Capt. Tony’ Tarracino has been the owner and proprietor of this boozy establishment since 1959. It seems Tony, as a young mobster, got himself into some serious trouble with ‘the family’ back in New Jersey and needed to lay low for a while. In those days, the mosquito invested ‘keys’ (or islands) on the southernmost end of Florida’s coastline was a fine place for wise guys on the lam to hide out. And this was well before the tee-shirt shops, restaurants, bars, art galleries, charming B&B’s and quaint hotels turned Key West into a serious year-round tourist destination. Sure, there were some ‘artsy’ types like Hemingway and Tennessee Williams living in Key West during the late 50’s when Tony bought the bar, but it was a seaside shanty town where muscular hard-working men in shrimp boats and cutters fished all day for a living.
    [Show full text]
  • Metrical Characteristics of English Interviews Hiromi BAN1,*, Haruhiko
    2017 2nd International Conference on Applied Mathematics, Simulation and Modelling (AMSM 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-480-6 Metrical Characteristics of English Interviews Hiromi BAN1,*, Haruhiko KIMURA2 and Takashi OYABU3 1Graduate School of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomiokamachi, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188 Japan 2Komatsu College, Shichomachi, Komatsu, Ishikawa, 923-8511 Japan 3NIHONKAI International Exchange Center, Toiyamachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0061 Japan *Corresponding author Keywords: Metrical linguistics, Statistical analysis, Text mining. Abstract. An “interview” is more specific way of talking, and it is the technique to gain the particular data effectively which the interviewer wants to know through the conversation. In this paper, English interviews: Larry King Live on CNN were metrically analyzed. Larry King Live is one of the CNN’s highest-rated shows, and Mr. King is regarded as the first American talk show host to have a worldwide audience. For comparison, English news materials from CNN Live Today as well as the inaugural addresses of the three U.S. Presidents were analyzed. In short, frequency characteristics of character- and word-appearance were investigated with a program written in C++. In this analysis, an approximate equation of an exponential function [y = c * exp(-bx)] was used to educe the characteristics of each material. Moreover, to obtain the difficulty-level, the percentage of the American basic vocabulary as well as the value of K-characteristic was calculated. As a result, it was clearly shown that the interviews have the same tendency as English journalism in character-appearance. Moreover, it was shown quantitatively that the interviews are a little easier to listen than CNN news.
    [Show full text]
  • Cinema-Booklet-Web.Pdf
    1 AN ORIGINAL EXHIBITION BY THE MUSEO ITALO AMERICANO MADE POSSIBLE BY A GRANT FROM THE WRITTEN BY Joseph McBride CO-CURATED BY Joseph McBride & Mary Serventi Steiner ASSISTANT CURATORS Bianca Friundi & Mark Schiavenza GRAPHIC DESIGN Julie Giles SPECIAL THANKS TO American Zoetrope Courtney Garcia Anahid Nazarian Fox Carney Michael Gortz Guy Perego Anne Coco Matt Itelson San Francisco State University Katherine Colridge-Rodriguez Tamara Khalaf Faye Thompson Roy Conli The Margaret Herrick Library Silvia Turchin Roman Coppola of the Academy of Motion Walt Disney Animation Joe Dante Picture Arts and Sciences Research Library Lily Dierkes Irene Mecchi Mary Walsh Susan Filippo James Mockoski SEPTEMBER 18, 2015 MARCH 17, 2016 THROUGH THROUGH MARCH 6, 2016 SEPTEMBER 18, 2016 Fort Mason Center 442 Flint Street Rudolph Valentino and Hungarian 2 Marina Blvd., Bldg. C Reno, NV 89501 actress Vilma Banky in The Son San Francisco, CA 94123 775.333.0313 of the Sheik (1926). Courtesy of United Artists/Photofest. 415.673.2200 www.arteitaliausa.com OPPOSITE: Exhibit author and www.sfmuseo.org Thursdays through co-curator Joseph McBride (left) Tuesdays through Sundays 12 – 4 pm Sundays 12 – 5 pm with Frank Capra, 1985. Courtesy of Columbia Pictures. 2 3 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Italian American Cinema: From Capra to the Coppolas 6 FOUNDATIONS: THE PIONEERS The Long Early Journey 9 A Landmark Film: The Italian 10 “Capraesque” 11 The Latin Lover of the Roaring Twenties 12 Capra’s Contemporaries 13 Banking on the Movies 13 Little Rico & Big Tony 14 From Ellis Island to the Suburbs 15 FROM THE STUDIOS TO THE STREETS: 1940s–1960s Crooning, Acting, and Rat-Packing 17 The Musical Man 18 Funnymen 19 One of a Kind 20 Whaddya Wanna Do Tonight, Marty? 21 Imported from Italy 22 The Western All’italiana 23 A Woman of Many Parts 24 Into the Mainstream 25 ANIMATED PEOPLE The Golden Age – The Modern Era 26 THE MODERN ERA: 1970 TO TODAY Everybody Is Italian 29 Wiseguys, Palookas, & Buffoons 30 A Valentino for the Seventies 32 Director Frank Capra (seated), 1927.
    [Show full text]
  • Chris Helcermanas-Benge
    Chris Helcermanas-Benge Photographer 6588 Wellington Avenue, West Vancouver, BC V7W 2H9 1-604-921-9882 Email - [email protected] http://www.imdb.me/chrish-b CHRIS HELCERMANAS-BENGE is recognized for his creative and innovative photography. Dual Canadian / American citizenship and EEC work visa enable him to shoot freely throughout the world. 36 years of producing stills for film, industry and government has taken Chris to 72 countries. He has been the photographer 200+ film projects; covered 3 wars, 11 combat zones, numerous world events; won many awards, and been published worldwide. He is a member of IATSE local 600 (USA), founding member of IATSE Locals 667 and 669 (Canada), and the BC. and Yukon Council of Film Unions and serving twice as president of 669. Chris H-B works well with talent, creative, and production to generate the finest images for the client. Chris has a BA in Military History, MA in International Affairs and a diploma in Fine Arts. His Military service included Southeast Asia, Africa, Greece, Germany, Turkey, Africa, the Pentagon, and the Middle East. He is a licensed pilot; a Padi certified diver, and parachutist, trained in desert, jungle, and mountain survival. He is an experienced sailor, a kayaker, mountaineer, Bon vivant, lover of fine wines and avid cross-country skier Chris is a member of C.A.P.I.C., The Overseas Press Club, The American Society of Media Photographers, National Press Photographer's Association, Combat Photographer's Association, I.A.T.S.E. (roster member US Local 600, Canadian Locals 667 and 669).
    [Show full text]
  • Stalking Laws and Implementation Practices: a National Review for Policymakers and Practitioners
    The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Stalking Laws and Implementation Practices: A National Review for Policymakers and Practitioners Author(s): Neal Miller Document No.: 197066 Date Received: October 24, 2002 Award Number: 97-WT-VX-0007 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Institute for Law and Justice 1018 Duke Street Alexandria, Virginia 22314 Phone: 703-684-5300 Fax: 703-739-5533 i http://www. ilj .org -- PROPERTY OF National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). t'Y- Box 6000 Rockville, MD 20849-6000 fl-- Stalking Laws and Implementation Practices: A 0 National Review for Policymakers and Practitioners Neal Miller October 2001 Prepared under a grant from the National Institute of Justice to the Institute for Law and Justice (ILJ), grant no. 97-WT-VX-0007 Any opinions expressed herein are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Justice or ILJ. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Completeandleft
    MEN WOMEN 1. TA Trace Adkins=American country music Tatyana Ali=American actress, singer=189,828=14 singer=75,397=34 Tracey Adams=American actress=51,363=69 Thomas Anders+Stooges=Singer, composer, Traci Adell=American, Model=27,406=138 producer=13,843=176 Tehmeena Afzal=American, Model Tom Araya=Bassist and Vocalist in (Adult/Glamour)=19,212=188 Slayer=12,284=192 Trini Alvarado=American, Actress=11,871=266 Tim Armstrong=American, Musician=10,617=220 Tori Amos=American singer=47,293=74 Troy Aikman=All-American college football player, Teresa Ann+Savoy=British, Actress=19,452=184 professional football player, quarterback, College Football Hall of Fame member=67,868=39 Taís Araújo=Brazilian actress=32,699=109 Travis Alexander=American, Victim=9,178=243 Tina Arena=Australian, Personality=30,067=126 Tim Allen=Voice-over artist, character actor, Tichina Arnold=American, Actress=59,349=60 comedian=7,902=263 Taylor Atelian=American actress=64,061=54 Trace Ayala+Pistols=American, Fashion Thayla Ayala=Actress=12,284=260 Designer=12,100=196 ……………… Twin Atlantic COMPLETEandLEFT Tina Arena TA,Taro Aso Tori Amos TA,Taylor Abrahamse Tiffany Alvord TA,Tim Allen Tonight Alive TA,Tom Arnold Tommy ,Aaron ,Golf ,Winner, 1973 Masters Tournament TA,Tori Amos Trace ,Adkins ,Country Musician ,Ladies Love Country Boys TA,Tracy Austin Theodor ,Adorno ,Philosopher ,Dialectic of Enlightenment TA,Troy Aikman Troy ,Aikman ,Football ,Cowboys all-time passing yards leader Todd ,Akin ,Politician ,Congressman, Missouri 2nd Tony ,Alamo ,Religion ,Tony Alamo Ministries
    [Show full text]
  • Text Data Mining of English Materials for Environmentology
    IJBTS International Journal of Business Tourism and Applied Sciences Vol.5 No.2 July-December 2017 FEATURE EXTRACTION OF ENGLISH INTERVIEWS Hiromi Ban*, Haruhiko Kimura** & Takashi Oyabu*** *Hiromi Ban, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan,Email: [email protected] **Haruhiko Kimura, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan, E-Mail: [email protected] ***Takashi Oyabu, Kokusai Business Gakuin College, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan, Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Abstract—Human beings often talk with other people. We are getting information from others as an everyday experience, using many effective arts in order to obtain a cooperative response. An “interview” is more specific way of talking, and it is the technique to gain the particular data effectively which the interviewers want to know through the conversation. In this paper, we metrically analyzed some English interviews: Larry King Live on CNN. Larry King Live is one of the CNN’s highest-rated shows and Mr. King is regarded as the first American talk show host to have a worldwide audience. He was born at Brooklyn in New York on November 19 in 1933, and educated at the Lafayette High School. For comparison, we analyzed English news materials from CNN Live Today, as well as the inaugural addresses of the three U.S. Presidents: George Bush (Jan. 20, 1989), William J. Clinton (Jan. 21, 1993), and George W. Bush (Jan. 20, 2001). In short, frequency characteristics of character- and word-appearance were investigated using a program written in C++. These characteristics were approximated by an exponential function: [y = c * exp(-bx)].
    [Show full text]