DOCSLIB.ORG

Subject Index

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Subject Index MNL36-EB/Jan. 2007 Subject Index A safety inspection, 99 Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), 81 Abrasive blast cleaning, 79 transportation, 99–100 Cleaning, 76–86 Access control, 89 weld testing, 114 methods and aids, 77–81 Acid cleaning, 80 Autogenous ignition (autoignition) procedures, 81–84 Aluminum and aluminum alloys, 48 temperature of nonmetals safety, 77 American National Standards Institute data, 28–36t, 37 specific materials, 84 (ANSI), 117 test method, 28, 37, 38f Cleanliness American Petroleum Institute (API), 117 design for, 60–61, 60f B American Society for Testing and Materials inspection and verification, 82–84 Barricades, oxygen propellant test areas, (ASTM), 117 levels, 76, 77–78t 98–99 American Society of Mechanical Engineers maintaining in oxygen systems, 86 Blasts, 122–123 (ASME), 117 maintaining through assembly, 85–87 Breathing applications, 4 Ancillary equipment, in oxygen-enriched Clothing, in oxygen-enriched environment, 5 Building explosions, 121 environment, 5 Codes, regulations, and guidelines, 116–120 Bulk GOX and LOX storage Aqueous and semiaqueous cleaning, Cold flow, seals, 59 nonpropellant use, 90, 91t 80 Combustion tests, 16–46 propellant use, 90–91 ASME B31.3, 66–67, 70, 108, 110, 115 Compatibility assessment, 132 Burrs, 85 ASME Boiler Pressure Vessel Code, 95, 97, Component reassembly and functional 114 C testing, 84 Assembly, clean, 84–86 Cadmium, 48 Composites, 49–50 Association of American Railroads (AAR), Caustic cleaning, 80 Compressed Gas Association (CGA), emergency procedures, 7 Central nervous system oxygen toxicity, 4 117–118 ASTM D-2863, 28 14CFR, 70 Compressed gas cylinders, storage and ASTM D-4809, 27–28 14CFR-171-180, 73 handling, 95–96 ASTM G-63, 16, 53, 56, 59 29CFR-1910.104, 67, 74, 90, 93, 96, 111 Concept design review (CDR), 129 ASTM G-72, 28, 35 49CFR-171.8, 99 Confined space, 87 ASTM G-74, 36 49CFR-172.101, 101-102 Contaminant-entrapping configurations, 60, ASTM G-86, 38, 40 49CFR-172.700, 101 60f ASTM G-88, 57, 60 49CFR-173.31, 102 Cooldown and loading procedures, 87–88 ASTM G-93, 60 49CFR-173.115, 101 Copper and copper alloys, 47–48 ASTM G-94, 16, 49, 53, 59 49CFR-173.302, 76 Copper oxidation, 59 ASTM G-120, 81 49CFR-173.318, 102, 113 Cryogenic cold-shock, 88 ASTM G-124, 16–17 49CFR-173.329, 102 Cryogenic injuries, 7–8 ASTM G-136, 83 49CFR-173.338, 102, 113 Cryogenic oxygen systems, design, 70–74 ASTM G-144, 83 49CFR-177.840, 102, 113 Authority having jurisdiction (AHJ), 124 49CFR-178.345, 101 D cleaning, 76–77 CGA 341, 73, 114 Deformable parts, 85 design, 57 CGA G-4.0, 66, 96 Deionized water, 81 designation/assignment of, 124 CGA G-4.1, 81 Design electrical wiring, 70 CGA G-4.3, 4 approach, 57–58 in emergencies, 6 CGA G-4.4, 57, 59 cleanliness, 60–61, 60f facility maintenance, 99 CGA G-4.5, 4 component and system testing, 57–58 facility planning and implementation, 90 CGA P-1, 96 components, 66–70 hazard reviews, 132 CGA S-1.1, 70 fire management, 74–75 inspection, 115 CGA S-1.2, 70 guidelines for oxygen systems, 58–59, 59f operating procedures, 81 CGA S-1.3, 70 materials guidelines, 59–60 oxygen detection, 97 CGA V-6, 73 minimizing ignition mechanisms, 61–66 personal protective equipment, 77 Chemical cleaning, 79 oxygen compatibility assessment, 57 personnel, 87 Chemical properties, 103–104, 103t reviews, 57, 129 piping systems, 66 Chemical reaction, 14–15 risk training, 57 pressure testing, 113 Chemical Transportation Emergency specifications, 57 pressurization and purging of gases, 74 Center (CHEMTREC), 7, 104 Design certification review (DCR), 129 NOTE: This index cites entries from pages where substantive information is given about topics. Peripheral mentions of topics are not indexed. Entries marked with f indicate figures; t indicates tables. 135 136 SAFE USE OF OXYGEN AND OXYGEN SYSTEMS I 2ND EDITION Diluents, effects of, 50 system failures, 89 safety, 3–4 Disassembly and examination, cleaning, 82 transportation, 101–102 space applications and considerations, Document assessment results, 55 venting, 96–97 74 DoD 6055.9, 90–92 Glossary, 132–134 storage and handling of cylinders, 96 DOT Emergency Response Guidebook, 7 Gloves, in oxygen-enriched environment, 5 system failures, 89 Drying, 83–84 Good practices, operating procedures, 88 thermal insulation, 74 Ground-handling system explosions, 121 transportation, 101–102 E venting, 96–97 EIGA IGC 33/0/E, 76, 81 H vessel considerations, 73–74 Elastomers, 49 Hastelloy, 47 Low-pressure oxygen systems, design, 70 Electrical arc, 14, 65, 66f Hazards Lubricants, 50 data, 45–46, 46t assessment, 89 fluorinated, 60 test method, 36, 45, 45f fire, 16 thread tape and, 85–86 Electrical design, LOX systems, 74 reviews, 131–132 Electrical wiring and equipment, design, 70 Head and face protection, in oxygen- M Emergencies, 6–8 enriched environment, 5 Magnesium, 48 Emergency plans, 125 Health, hazards in LOX, 4 Material compatibility assessment, 130 Emergency procedures review (OPR), 131 Heat of combustion Materials Emergency response, transportation, 101, data, 28–35t certification, 59 103 test method, 27–28, 27f control, 50 Engineering materials, physical properties, Heat of compression, 9, 11–12f design guidelines, 59–60 107–110t, 107–112, 111–112f design, 63–64, 64f flammability, ignition, and combustion, European Industrial Gases Association Heat of vaporization, 105, 105f 16 (EIGA), 118 High-pressure oxygen poisoning, 4 metallic, 46–49 Examinations, operating procedures, 88 Hot-water cleaning, 80 nonmetallic, 49–50 Explosions, 121–122 Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HFC), 81 selection using oxygen compatibility Explosives, definition, 92 Hydrofluoroethers (HFE), 81 assessment, 55–56, 56f External heat, 15 Hydrostatic testing, 88 types, 49–50 weight and strength, 59–60 F I Mechanical cleaning, 79 Facility maintenance, 99 Ignition mechanisms, 3, 9–15 Mechanical impact, 11–13, 13f, 13t Facility planning, 89–100 assessment, 54–55, 55t data, 34, 36, 41–44t general guidelines, 89–90 definition, 9 design, 64, 64f inspection, 99 effects of physical and thermal test method, 38, 40 testing, certification, and recertification, properties, 50 Medical oxygen, 4 99, 104–105 guidelines for minimizing, 61–66 Metallic materials, 46–49 Facility repairs, modifications, and Ignition-resistant materials, 59 Metal oxides, 49 decommissioning, 99–100 Ignition temperature MIL-PRF-25508G, 4 Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), metals, 17, 21–22t MIL-PRF-27210G, 4 130 nonmetallic materials, 59 Monel, 47 Federal regulations Ignition tests, 16–46 government organizations, 119 Inconel, 47 N hazardous material, 116t, 118 Inspections, 83 National Fire Protection Association Final cleaning, 82 Insuring associations, 118 (NFPA), 119 Final design review (FDR), 129 Intermediate cleaning, 82 NFPA-50, 66, 74, 90, 92–94, 96, 111 Fire International Organization for NFPA-51, 90, 96 design for management, 74–75 Standardization (ISO), 118–119 NFPA-53, 16, 69, 96 hazards inherent in oxygen systems, 16 Iron alloys, 48 NFPA-55, 65, 96 ignition hazards in oxygen systems, 3–4 Isopropyl alcohol (IPA), 81 NFPA-68, 97 techniques for fighting, 8 NFPA-70, 65 Fire-extinguishing systems/agents, 98 J NFPA-220, 93 Fire protection systems, oxygen-enriched Joule-Thomson effect, 106–107, 106f, 106t Nickel and nickel alloys, 28t, 46–47 environments, 97–99 Nickel-copper alloys, 28t, 46–47 First-aid procedures, 7–8 K Nickel-iron alloys, 47 Flow friction, 9–11, 12t Kindling chain assessment, 55 Noncommercial transport equipment, design, 64 L 102 Footwear, in oxygen-enriched environment, Leaks and spills, 6 Nonmetallic materials, 49–50 5 Liquid air, 89 Nonpropellant, bulk GOX and LOX storage, Fragments, 121 Liquid oxygen (LOX) 90, 91t, 93 Friction, 13, 14f, 14t bulk storage, 90–92, 91–93t O data, 22–23, 23–24t component and systems design, 73–74 Operating conditions, worst case, 54 design, 65 description, 3 Operating procedures, 87–88 test method, 17, 22–23, 22f disposal, 96 Operational readiness inspection (ORI), 131 G electrical design guidelines, 74 Operational readiness review (ORR), 131 Gaseous oxygen (GOX) handling hazards, 3–4 Operational reviews, 131–132 bulk storage, 90–92, 91–93t piping system design considerations, 73 Operator certification, 87 handling hazards, 3–4 pressurization and purge gases, 74 training review, 131 SUBJECT INDEX 137 Organizational policies and procedures Physical properties, 103–104, 103t Solvents, 81 oxygen use, 6 Pickling, acid cleaning, 80 extraction, 83 project management, 123–132 Pig cleaning, 79 Stainless steels, 48 Overpressurization, 7, 89 Plastics, 49 Standard operating procedures (SOPs), Oxygen compatibility assessment, 53–56 Pneumatic impact of nonmetals 125 design, 57 data, 38, 39–40t Static discharge, 13–14, 46, 65 document assessment results, 55 test method, 38, 38f Steam cleaning, 80 flammability assessment, 54, 54f Policies and procedures, 124–125 Stem configurations, 68f kindling chain assessment, 55–56 Precleaning, 82 Storage vessels, 95 material selection, 55–56, 56f Preliminary design review (PDR), 129 Subsonic particle impact tests, 27t reaction effect assessment, 55, 56t Press fits, 85 Supersonic particle impact tests, 26t worst-case operating conditions, 54 Pressure, storage of GOX and LOX, 4 Surface preparations, 59 Oxygen-deficient environment Pressure relief devices, design, 69–70 Surface tension, 105, 106f injury within, 8 Pressure vessels, 112–116 Swab, spray, and dip cleaning, 79 OSHA definition, 5 Pressurization and purge gases, LOX, 74 System safety program plan (SSPP), 130 Oxygen detection, 97 Professional societies, codes, regulations,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Guide for Oxygen Compatibility Assessments on Oxygen Components and Systems
    NASA/TM-2007-213740 Guide for Oxygen Compatibility Assessments on Oxygen Components and Systems Keisa R. Rosales NASA Test and Evaluation Contract NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center White Sands Test Facility Las Cruces, New Mexico Michael S. Shoffstall NASA Test and Evaluation Contract NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center White Sands Test Facility Las Cruces, New Mexico Joel M. Stoltzfus NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center White Sands Test Facility Las Cruces, New Mexico March 2007 NASA STI Program ... in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected to the advancement of aeronautics and space papers from scientific and technical science. The NASA scientific and technical conferences, symposia, seminars, or other information (STI) program plays a key part in meetings sponsored or co-sponsored helping NASA maintain this important role. by NASA. The NASA STI program operates under the • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, auspices of the Agency Chief Information technical, or historical information from Officer. It collects, organizes, provides for NASA programs, projects, and missions, archiving, and disseminates NASA’s STI. The often concerned with subjects having NASA STI program provides access to the NASA substantial public interest. Aeronautics and Space Database and its public interface, the NASA Technical Report Server, • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- thus providing one of the largest collections of language translations of foreign scientific aeronautical and space science STI in the world. and technical material pertinent to Results are published in both non-NASA channels NASA’s mission. and by NASA in the NASA STI Report Series, which includes the following report types: Specialized services also include creating custom thesauri, building customized databases, • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION.
    [Show full text]
  • Inert Lubricants Oils – Greases – Waxes Halocarbon Inert Lubricants
    Inert Lubricants Oils – Greases – Waxes Halocarbon Inert Lubricants Halocarbon oils, greases and waxes are polychlorotrifluoroethylenes (PCTFE), which are chemically inert and nonflammable lubricants with high thermal stability, good lubricity, high dielectric strength and low compressibility. Halocarbon was the first to commercially produce PCTFE-based lubricants over 60 years ago. We offer a wide range of oils, greases and waxes to meet industries' needs. The inertness of our lubricant is required for the safe handling of highly reactive and/or aggressive chemicals like oxygen, chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, sulfur trioxide and nitric acid. This unique chemistry can also provide advantage in many other applications from lab-scale to the production plant. Have Questions? Contact Francisco Torres, Sr. Sales Manager: [email protected] Contents Chemical Composition 3 Thermal Stability 12 Chemical Inertness 3 Material Compatibility 12 Oxidizer Inertness Tests 5 Elastomers and Plastics 12 Oxygen Inertness Tests, Table 1 5 Metals 13 Shock Sensitivity, Table 2 5 Selecting a Halocarbon Oil Grade 14 Physical Properties 6 Industrial Lubricant Oils, Table 3 7 Viscosity Ratings, Table 6 14 Waxes, Table 4 7 Blending to a Custom Viscosity 15 Greases, Table 5 8 Oil Blending Chart, Figure 3 15 Vapor Pressures, Figure 1 9 Viscosity vs. Temperature, Figure 2 10 Quality Assurance 16 Solubilities 6, 11 Toxicity 16 Bulk Modulus 11 Lubricity 11 Export Shipments 17 Thermal Properties 11 Typical Applications 17 Surface Tension 12 Electrical Properties 12 2 Chemical Composition Halocarbon oils are saturated, hydrogen-free low molecular weight polymers of chlorotrifluoroethylene having the formula –(CF2CFCl)n–, where n ranges from 2 to approximately 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Odorox, Odourized Oxygen Material Safety Data Sheet ______
    Revision Date , Issuing Date 10-Feb-2011, Page 1 / 10 _____________________________________________________________________ Odorox, Odourized Oxygen Material Safety Data Sheet _____________________________________________________________________ 1. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION Product Name Odorox, Odourized Oxygen Product Code(s) 027-03-0006 UN-Number UN3156 Recommended Use Industrial use. Supplier Address* Linde Gas North America LLC - Linde Merchant Production Inc. - Linde LLC 575 Mountain Ave. Murray Hill, NJ 07974 Phone: 908-464-8100 www.lindeus.com Linde Gas Puerto Rico, Inc. Las Palmas Village Road No. 869, Street No. 7 Catano, Puerto Rico 00962 Phone: 787-641-7445 www.pr.lindegas.com Linde Canada Limited 5860 Chedworth Way Mississauga, Ontario L5R 0A2 Phone: 905-501-1700 www.lindecanada.com * May include subsidiaries or affiliate companies/divisions. For additional product information contact your local customer service. Chemical Emergency Phone Chemtrec: 1-800-424-9300 for US/ 703-527-3887 outside US Number 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION WARNING! Emergency Overview Oxidizer Accelerates combustion and increases risk of fire. Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin Contents under pressure Keep at temperatures below 52°C / 125°F Appearance Colorless Physical State Compressed gas. Odor Extremely disagreeable OSHA Regulatory Status This material is considered hazardous by the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). Potential Health Effects Odorox, Odourized Oxygen, Material Safety Data Sheet , Revision Date , Page 2 / 10 ___________________________________________________________________ Principle Routes of Exposure Inhalation. Eye contact. Skin contact. Acute Toxicity Inhalation Dimethyl sulfide is irritating to the respiratory system. Oxygen is not acutely toxic under normal pressure. Oxygen is more toxic when inhaled at elevated pressures. Depending upon pressure and duration of exposure, pure oxygen at elevated pressures may cause cramps, dizziness, difficulty breathing, convulsions, edema and death.
    [Show full text]
  • 19710010491.Pdf
    ... ••........° ............ .•.. .. .. o . .°°°. •.°..- % .. .. .. o° .. .. .•. ••.° 1 i! NATIONAL AE RON, -J C-, AND SPACE ADMINISTRATIO N ..... •....... ......................S P L O 1 N E TG T O F M .... •....... ... ..... .......... • •....... .... :..'•..........-. .......-. o.. •... ...... ........... ........ o... ...........:::::t g •° .'.. o%%...... .. °........ :..:..........FR .... °....°o°. AIN R~I ...... .... Sp ngel V 2 1 FINAL REPORT PANEL 7 REACTION PROCESSES IN HIGH-PRESSURE FLUID SYSTEMS MAY 28, 1970 W. R. Downs Chairman, Panel 7 CONTENTS Section Page INTRODUCTION . .. ...... I SECTION A - DESCRIPTION OF TANKS IN USE ON THE APOLLO SPACECRAFT ............... ......... 3 SECTION B - METALLURGY - APOLLO HIGH PRESSURE VESSELS . 19 SECTION C - CHEMISTRY SURVEY ................ 33 SECTION D - THERMODYNAMICS RESTRICTIONS ON ENERGY PROCESSES IN THE APOLLO 13 CRYOGENIC OXYGEN TANK NUMBER 2 .......... ........ .. 83 SECTION E - SUMMARY . .. ....... .......... .I..101 SECTION F - FINDINGS .......... .......... ... 105 SECTION G - ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...... ............. ... 107 APPENDIX A - COMMAND AND SERVICE MODULE FLUIDS ON SPACECRAFT 109 .......... ............. 109 APPENDIX B - CONTAMINANTS DETECTED AND IDENTIFIED IN GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT ........ ............ 113 APPENDIX C - HARDWARE ANALYSIS OF P/N 15241-637 . ...... 123 APPENDIX D - THE POSSIBILITY OF A CATASTROPHIC PRESSURE FLUCTUATION IN A NEAR-CRITICAL-POINT FLUID ......... .............. ... 129 APPENDIX E - CHEMISTRY AND THERMOCHEMISTRY OF FLUIDS IN THE CRITICAL AND
    [Show full text]
  • Safety Standard for Oxygen and Oxygen Systems
    NSS 1740.15 JANUARY 1996 National Aeronautics and Space A_tration SAFETY STANDARD FOR OXYGEN AND OXYGEN SYSTEMS Guidelines for Oxygen System Design, Materials Selection, Operations, Storage, and Transportation Office of Safety and Mission Assurance Washington, DC 20546 Safety Standard for Oxygen and Oxygen Systems Guidelines for Oxygen System Design, Materials Selection, Operations, Storage, and Transportation PREFACE This safety standard establishes a uniform Agency process for oxygen system design, materials selection, operation, storage, and transportation. This standard contains minimum guidelines applicable to NASA Headquarters and all NASA Field Installations. Installations are encouraged to assess their individual programs and develop additional requirements as needed. "Shalls" and "wills" denote requirements that are mandated in other existing documents referenced at the end of each chapter and in widespread use in the aerospace industry. This standard is issued in loose-leaf form and will be revised by change pages. Comments and questions concerning the contents of this publication should be referred to the National Aeronautics and Administration Headquarters, Director, Safety and Risk Management Division, Office of the Associate for Safety and Mission Assurance, ashington, DC 20546. EFFECTIVE DATE: JAN 3 0 1996 Safety and Mission Assurance ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The NASA Oxygen Safety Handbook was originally prepared under NASA contract NAS3- 23558 by Paul M. Ordin, Consulting Engineer. The support of the NASA Hydrogen-Oxygen Safety Standards Review Committee in providing technical monitoring of the standard is gratefully acknowledged. The committee included the following members: William J. Brown (Chairman) NASA Lewis Research Center Cleveland, Ohio Frank J. Benz NASA Johnson Space Center White Sands Test Facility Las Cruces, New Mexico Mike Pedley NASA Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas Dennis Griffin NASA Marshall Space Flight Center Alabama Coleman J.
    [Show full text]
  • NASA Technology Roadmaps TA 6: Human Health, Life Support, and Habitation Systems
    NASA Technology Roadmaps TA 6: Human Health, Life Support, and Habitation Systems May 2015 Draft 2015 NASA Technology Roadmaps DRAFT TA 6: Human Health, Life Support, and Habitation Systems Foreword NASA is leading the way with a balanced program of space exploration, aeronautics, and science research. Success in executing NASA’s ambitious aeronautics activities and space missions requires solutions to difficult technical challenges that build on proven capabilities and require the development of new capabilities. These new capabilities arise from the development of novel cutting-edge technologies. The promising new technology candidates that will help NASA achieve our extraordinary missions are identified in our Technology Roadmaps. The roadmaps are a set of documents that consider a wide range of needed technology candidates and development pathways for the next 20 years. The roadmaps are a foundational element of the Strategic Technology Investment Plan (STIP), an actionable plan that lays out the strategy for developing those technologies essential to the pursuit of NASA’s mission and achievement of National goals. The STIP provides prioritization of the technology candidates within the roadmaps and guiding principles for technology investment. The recommendations provided by the National Research Council heavily influence NASA’s technology prioritization. NASA’s technology investments are tracked and analyzed in TechPort, a web-based software system that serves as NASA’s integrated technology data source and decision support tool. Together, the roadmaps, the STIP, and TechPort provide NASA the ability to manage the technology portfolio in a new way, aligning mission directorate technology investments to minimize duplication, and lower cost while providing critical capabilities that support missions, commercial industry, and longer-term National needs.
    [Show full text]
  • Oxygen Compatibility and Challenge Testing of the Portable Life Support System Variable Oxygen Regulator for the Advanced Extravehicular Mobility Unit
    47th International Conference on Environmental Systems ICES-2017-369 16-20 July 2017, Charleston, South Carolina Oxygen Compatibility and Challenge Testing of the Portable Life Support System Variable Oxygen Regulator for the Advanced Extravehicular Mobility Unit Colin Campbell,1 Marlon Cox,2 Carly Meginnis3 NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, 77058 and Eric Falconi4, Bruce Barnes5, Bruce Conger6 Jacobs Engineering, JSC Engineering Technology and Science (JETS), Houston, TX, 77058 The Variable Oxygen Regulator (VOR), a stepper-actuated two-stage mechanical regulator, is being developed for the purpose of serving as the Primary Oxygen Regulator (POR) and Secondary Oxygen Regulator (SOR) within the Advanced Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Portable Life Support System (PLSS), now referred to as the xEMU and xPLSS. Three prototype designs have been fabricated and tested as part of this development. Building upon the lessons learned from the 35 years of Space Shuttle/International Space Station EMU Program operation, including the fleet-wide EMU Secondary Oxygen Pack (SOP) contamination failure that occurred in 2000, NASA is analyzing, designing, and testing the VOR for oxygen compatibility with controlled Non-Volatile Residue (NVR) and a representative worst-case hydro-carbon system contamination event (>100 mg/ft2 dodecane). This paper discusses the steps taken in testing of VOR 2.0 for oxygen compatibility, and discusses follow-on design changes implemented in the VOR 3.0 (3rd prototype) as a result. Nomenclature ABO Aviator’s
    [Show full text]
  • Paper Number 07ICES-295 Development of a Test Facility for Air Revitalization Technology Evaluation
    Paper Number 07ICES-295 Development of a Test Facility for Air Revitalization Technology Evaluation Sao-Dung Lu MEI Technologies, Inc. / ESCG Amy Lin Jacobs Sverdrup / ESCG Melissa Campbell Hamilton Sundstrand / ESCG Frederick Smith, Su Curley NASA Johnson Space Center Copyright © 2007 SAE International ABSTRACT surface habitat cabin. This includes the capability to remove contaminants and condition cabin atmosphere, Development of new air revitalization system (ARS) supply and store atmospheric gases, and closed loop technology can initially be performed in a subscale processes which recycle resources. Processes include laboratory environment, but in order to advance the separation by physical adsorption, absorption, and maturity level, the technology must be tested in an end- mechanical filtration. Other processes may include to-end integrated environment. The Air Revitalization chemical adsorption, reduction, and oxidation. Technology Evaluation Facility (ARTEF) at the NASA Johnson Space Center serves as a ground test bed for Lithium hydroxide and charcoal have been the dominant evaluating emerging ARS technologies in an technology used to scrub the cabin atmosphere for environment representative of spacecraft atmospheres. decades. This open loop technology is so simple and At the center of the ARTEF is a hypobaric chamber reliable that no significant changes have been which serves as a sealed atmospheric chamber for necessary. Until the International Space Station (ISS), closed loop testing. A Human Metabolic Simulator the mission durations have been short. In order to (HMS) was custom-built to simulate the consumption of develop new regenerative technology, a test facility must oxygen, and production of carbon dioxide, moisture and be able to sufficiently simulate a spacecraft atmosphere heat of up to eight persons.
    [Show full text]
  • Second Revision No. 1-NFPA 53-2015 [ Section No
    National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentPara... Second Revision No. 1-NFPA 53-2015 [ Section No. F.3.3.8 ] 1 of 16 6/5/2015 2:42 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentPara... F.3.3.8 2 of 16 6/5/2015 2:42 PM National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentPara... The oxygen index test, ASTM D2863, and variations of it have come into wide use in the last few years for their characterizations of the flammability of materials. In the ASTM procedure, a small, vertically oriented sample is burned downward in a candle-like fashion in an oxygen-nitrogen mixture. The composition of the gas mixture is adjusted to determine the minimum percent of oxygen that will begin to support combustion of the sample. This minimum oxygen concentration is called the oxygen index (OI). Burning in an upward direction can take place more readily and produce a lower OI. The OI test, as determined by ASTM D2863, is limited to nonmetals (e.g., plastics) at ambient pressure. However, the OI concept is now utilized at elevated pressures (and temperatures) and for metals as well as nonmetals (see F.3.4 for the OI data of metals) . Other means of ignition have also been used, as have other oxidants and diluents. (44, 45) Conceptually, an OI is a flammability limit but is more complex than the flammability limit for gas mixtures. Therefore, the OI is only one of several criteria that can be utilized to evaluate the suitability of materials for a specific oxygen application.
    [Show full text]
  • “Best” in Scuba Diving
    Before Atomic, there was no “Best” in scuba diving. PRODUCT DESIGN COMPENDIUM passion to establish a higher standard and set a new benchmark in diving equipment precision to craft distinctive first-in-category products from the finest materials and manufacturing processes performance to deliver a superior experience and unwavering reliability for Atomic Aquatics divers Warranty 10 | Regulator Intro 12 | First Stage Features 16 | Second Stage Features 18 | Regulator Systems 20 | Safe Second Options 30 | SS1 32 Octos 34 | Regulator Accessories 36 | Specifications 38 | SplitFins 40 | Masks 46 | Snorkels 52 | Knives 58 | Reviews 59 | Testimonials 64 2 INTRODUCTION ATOMIC AQUATICS: Born of Passion Why be anything but the best? There had to be a better way. When Atomic Aquatics was born over 12 years ago, it was a deep-seated passion for diving that compelled us... Dean Garraffa Atomic Aquatics A passion to set new standards of exellence and innovation Co-Founder A passion for superior materials and manufacturing precision A passion to simplify and enhance the diving experience “From the beginning, we have dedicated all of our design, engineering and The ATOMIC AQUATICS Legend Begins manufacturing processes to achieve Divers should enjoy a worry-free experience a single overriding goal – to simply be Atomic Aquatics founders Dean Garraffa and Doug Toth had already forged a the best and deliver the best diving reputation as discerning, demanding designers of innovative diving equipment experience for Atomic divers.” since 1976. After generating numerous groundbreaking patents for a major manufacturer, they established Atomic Aquatics in 1995 and embarked on a mission to create diving equipment of the highest caliber.
    [Show full text]
  • Panic Pdf, Epub, Ebook
    PANIC PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Lauren Oliver | 368 pages | 06 Oct 2016 | Hodder & Stoughton General Division | 9781444723052 | English | London, United Kingdom Panic PDF Book Can you spell these 10 commonly misspelled words? Categories : Fear Emotions. National Institute of Mental Health. Related Nocturnal panic attacks: What causes them? More Example Sentences Learn More about panic. Diving safety. Get Word of the Day delivered to your inbox! Love words? Symptoms of panic disorder often start in the late teens or early adulthood and affect more women than men. Dordrecht: Springer. Natalie 8 episodes, Login or Register. Michael L. Underwater diving. Save Word. Garan Jr. Researchers in diving physiology and medicine Arthur J. Edit Cast Series cast summary: Jordan Elsass Parents Guide. Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Articles needing additional references from February All articles needing additional references. Every obstacle creates confusion, speedily converted into panic by opposition. Clear your history. Dive leader Divemaster Diving instructor Master Instructor. Sarah Miller 5 episodes. You may feel fatigued and worn out after a panic attack subsides. Your heart rate and breathing would speed up as your body prepared for a life-threatening situation. Stop reading the news and read this instead, to learn the difference. I would advise not to stop and not to panic , the situation will somehow be solved and the brand will either resist or not. Do You Know This Word? Just two young kids experiencing the panic , pain, and then the miracle, of new birth. The Greeks believed that he often wandered peacefully through the woods, playing a pipe, but when accidentally awakened from his noontime nap he could give a great shout that would cause flocks to stampede.
    [Show full text]
  • Air Quality Requirement for Nitrox Blending
    Air Quality Requirement for Nitrox Blending Very often in gas blending we refer to “Clean air” or “Oxygen compatible air”. Does it mean that the air from a normal breathing air compressor is not clean? The term “clean” is a relative term. Breathing air quality standards like CGA Grade E or BS4275 or DIN 3188, have been set with main criteria the physiological impact of contaminants to humans at elevated pressures. These air requirements are tabulated below: CGA Grade E 3 Condensed 5 mg/m hydrocarbons Gaseous hydrocarbons 25 ppm Water (Dew Point) -50oC Carbon dioxide 500 ppm Carbon monoxide 10 ppm On the other hand, “oxygen compatibility” of compressed air for nitrox preparation is determined based not only on physiological criteria, but also on operational criteria when the air is mixed with pure oxygen or oxygen rich atmospheres. There is no one single standard regarding quality of air used for mixing with oxygen in the preparation of Nitrox.. In 1992, the technical diving training agencies, and various US and other governmental agencies at a meeting in Orlando, Florida agreed on a set of standards for oxygen compatible air. These standards represent a consensus based on the knowledge, experience and technology available at the time, as far as the compatibility of air and common impurities with oxygen is concerned. These are tabulated below: Condensed 0.1mg/m3 Hydrocarbons Gaseous Hydrocarbons 15ppm Water (Dew Point) -50oC Carbon Dioxide 500ppm Carbon Monoxide 2ppm Why bother about hydrocarbons anyway? As we have already explained, acceptable hydrocarbon contamination is determined not only from physiological criteria, but also from operational criteria with regard to their contact with oxygen rich atmospheres.
    [Show full text]