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Table of Contents Item Transcript DIGITAL COLLECTIONS ITEM TRANSCRIPT Yakov Shepetinsky. Full, unedited interview, 2008 ID IS085.interview PERMALINK http://n2t.net/ark:/86084/b4fg0v ITEM TYPE VIDEO ORIGINAL LANGUAGE RUSSIAN TABLE OF CONTENTS ITEM TRANSCRIPT ENGLISH TRANSLATION 2 CITATION & RIGHTS 24 2021 © BLAVATNIK ARCHIVE FOUNDATION PG 1/24 BLAVATNIKARCHIVE.ORG DIGITAL COLLECTIONS ITEM TRANSCRIPT Yakov Shepetinsky. Full, unedited interview, 2008 ID IS085.interview PERMALINK http://n2t.net/ark:/86084/b4fg0v ITEM TYPE VIDEO ORIGINAL LANGUAGE RUSSIAN TRANSCRIPT ENGLISH TRANSLATION —Today is March 9th, 2008. We are in Tel-Aviv meeting a veteran of the Great Patriotic War. Please introduce yourself and tell us the year and place of your birth. Please, go ahead. My name is Yakov Shepetinsky, son if Itskhak and Khana. I was born in Slonim, formerly Poland, but now part of Belarus, in 1920. On 24th November, 1920 to be more persice. —Could you tell us a little more about your family and your parents line of work? Ehh, my mother was… every two years she was… I remember her always being pregnant. My father worked in the forestry industry. He worked for foreign companies. Until 1937 he worked for a German firm, but then worked for a Durch company. He was their representative when they would buy tracts of forest, he was their trustee. —How many brothers and sisters did you have? I’m sorry, can you please repeat the question? —How many children were there in the family? Ah, there were six children. I, Yakov, was the oldest, born in 1920. Pay attention now, in 1922 there was Gerts, then in 1924 Rubin, then 1926 my only sister Raya, then in 1928 there was a miscarriage, I remember I was eight years old, and then in 1930 Ikhel was born. Then in 1930 and 1937 there were two other miscarriages, and later in 1937 the youngest son Uri was born. So there were six of us, five sons and one daughter. —What was your school like? What was what like? —Your school. Ah, yes the school. After finishing four grades I transferred to a Jewish gymnasium. It was coeducational, meaning that the girls and boys were integrated into the same classes. I began studying there in 1930 and in 1938 I graduated with a matriculation diploma. This was still under Polish rule. —Yes. Was your family religious? 2021 © BLAVATNIK ARCHIVE FOUNDATION PG 2/24 BLAVATNIKARCHIVE.ORG DIGITAL COLLECTIONS ITEM TRANSCRIPT Yakov Shepetinsky. Full, unedited interview, 2008 ID IS085.interview PERMALINK http://n2t.net/ark:/86084/b4fg0v ITEM TYPE VIDEO ORIGINAL LANGUAGE RUSSIAN No, it was not religious, but we did have lessons in religion. There was a class on religion. The teacher was named Kveller, he was from Lviv and perished during the war. He made the lessons very interesting. He conducted the lessons entirely in Hebrew. It meant that the class combined the study of religion and Hebrew. —Please tell us how the war started for you? Which war? —The one in 1939 On September 1st, 1939, yes? It was a Friday. Do you remember that day? No? I was working in Bialystok then. Bialystok is now in Poland. I… No, sorry, what am I saying? You see, I have gotten mixed up. On September 1st, 1939 when the war broke out I was of course in Slonim. I was in Slonim. The German armed forces attacked Poland. Before that they had taken Czechoslovakia and Austria. By the way, Poland was a friend of Germany. Poland also participated in the partition of Czechoslovakia. There was a small area called Zaolzie, maybe you have heard of it. When the Germans swallowed Czechoslovakia, Poland took that area as if it was theirs. We Jews were surprised at that. We wondered why the Poles worked with their enemies, the Germans. However, events developed very rapidly and I had nobody to discuss them with. I remember that in March 1938 he [Hitler - ed.] issued Poland an ultimatum. If you look at a map of Germany at that time, you will see that Germany was divided into two parts, the main part and East Prussia. What was there between Germany and East Prussia? A corridor. This corridor went to Poland. Therefore, Germany had a problem because in order to get from one area to the other one had to cross the corridor or go by sea. So the Germans issued Poland an ultimatum to hand over the corridor. Well, you know the Poles and their honor, they said no. The French and the English supported them. “This is ours, we are not giving it up.” Then the situation began heating up. I remember that on March 30th, 1939 Hitler gave a speech on the radio. We had an old Philips radio. We heard him speak live. He said in a hysterical tone of voice that he can only promise that if war breaks out, the Jews of Europe will be exterminated. Have you heard about this? Play along with me, you’re not asking any questions. —Of course, I have heard of this, but it is much more lively when you talk about it. Since you have read about it, you can imagine how we felt hearing it. He was not only promising to kill all the Jews of one country, say Poland or Romania. He said that “The Jews of Europe will be exterminated.” 2021 © BLAVATNIK ARCHIVE FOUNDATION PG 3/24 BLAVATNIKARCHIVE.ORG DIGITAL COLLECTIONS ITEM TRANSCRIPT Yakov Shepetinsky. Full, unedited interview, 2008 ID IS085.interview PERMALINK http://n2t.net/ark:/86084/b4fg0v ITEM TYPE VIDEO ORIGINAL LANGUAGE RUSSIAN Period. I was around nineteen years old, I had graduated from the gymnasium. I remember my friends and I… I had had four close friends and remember their surnames: Fainbernike, Laszkruzanski, Szalkburetski, and Abram Enoszmajevski. They were my close friends. We were members of the same Zionist organization. We met up and decided that Hitler made a clear threat to kill us all, and started wondering what to do. On top of that, we had read the German original of his book Mein Kampf. You understand, yes? We obtained a copy and read it. It is important to understand that there is a big difference between hearing his voice on the radio and reading the book. This is because if you hear his voice, you can forget what he said five minutes later. If you see a picture on the screen or somewhere else… you do not need a lot of time to forget it. But a book, you can reread the same page over and over. I remember we read Mein Kampf together and our hair stood on end. His intentions were written black on white. He wanted to enslave the Slavic peoples and exterminate us. [Phrase in German]. Do you understand? He was going to kill us. What were we to do? Where could we go for advice? We asked people at home. I had a grandmother and parents. I remember them telling us that 20 years ago the Germans were there during WWI and that they treated everyone well. There were no SS men. We worked and they paid us. They would visit our homes. Maybe there was a pogrom here and there, but they insisted it was a part of Jewish life. But, to kill children? —So the older generation did not believe you? They did not. They dismissed our concerns as nonsense. You know, our parents didn’t have time for such trifles. That is what they told us. Me and the guys got together in order to figure out who to talk to next. We had one teacher at the gymnasium who taught Latin, Greek history, and other similar subject. He was a great teacher and was respected. After all, there are different kinds of teachers, but there are those you like. There are some teachers whom you really like and you take each of their words as an axiom, and not in any other way. We would come to his classes even when we were sick. He would tell us about ancient Greece, his lessons were extremely interesting. We decided we should talk with Professor Cin from Krakow. We made a decision and stuck to it. We ran into him on the street and said in Polish: “Mr. Professor.” Do you speak Polish? —No We told him in Polish that we needed his advice. He was kind of… you know how people are. He asked us why we needed to talk. Instead of just telling him the answer we took out a pocket copy of Mein Kampf and 2021 © BLAVATNIK ARCHIVE FOUNDATION PG 4/24 BLAVATNIKARCHIVE.ORG DIGITAL COLLECTIONS ITEM TRANSCRIPT Yakov Shepetinsky. Full, unedited interview, 2008 ID IS085.interview PERMALINK http://n2t.net/ark:/86084/b4fg0v ITEM TYPE VIDEO ORIGINAL LANGUAGE RUSSIAN showed it to him. He took a look at the book, bulged his eyes out, and turned white as a sheet. He was really frightened. His first question was how we got a copy of the book. We did not know how to respond and stayed silent. There is an interesting story about how we obtained it, but that is not important. He quickly understood that his question was irrelevant and said that it did not matter. He said that he understood what we were concerned about, but that this was not a good place to talk. It was Thursday and he told us to come by his house on Monday so that he could answer all of our questions. We spent three days pouring over questions, reading together, and finding key points to discuss.
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