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Consejo De Seguridad Distr Naciones Unidas S/2018/1002 Consejo de Seguridad Distr. general 9 de noviembre de 2018 Español Original: inglés Carta de fecha 7 de noviembre de 2018 dirigida al Presidente del Consejo de Seguridad por el Presidente del Comité del Consejo de Seguridad dimanante de las resoluciones 751 (1992) y 1907 (2009) relativas a Somalia y Eritrea En nombre del Comité del Consejo de Seguridad dimanante de las resoluciones 751 (1992) y 1907 (2009) relativas a Somalia y Eritrea, y de conformidad con el párrafo 48 de la resolución 2385 (2017) del Consejo de Seguridad, tengo el honor de transmitir adjunto el informe sobre Somalia del Grupo de Supervisión para Somalia y Eritrea. A ese respecto, el Comité agradecería que la presente carta y el informe se señalaran a la atención de los miembros del Consejo de Seguridad y se publicaran como documento del Consejo. (Firmado) Kairat Umarov Presidente Comité del Consejo de Seguridad dimanante de las resoluciones 751 (1992) y 1907 (2009) relativas a Somalia y Eritrea 18-16126 (S) 091118 131118 *1816126* S/2018/1002 Carta de fecha 2 de octubre de 2018 dirigida al Presidente del Comité del Consejo de Seguridad dimanante de las resoluciones 751 (1992) y 1907 (2009) relativas a Somalia y Eritrea por el Grupo de Supervisión para Somalia y Eritrea De conformidad con el párrafo 48 de la resolución 2385 (2017) del Consejo de Seguridad, tenemos el honor de transmitir adjunto el informe sobre Somalia del Grupo de Supervisión para Somalia y Eritrea. (Firmado) James Smith Coordinador Grupo de Supervisión para Somalia y Eritrea (Firmado) Jay Bahadur Experto en grupos armados (Firmado) Charles Cater Experto en recursos naturales (Firmado) Mohamed Abdelsalam Babiker Experto en asuntos humanitarios (Firmado) Brian O’Sullivan Experto en grupos armados/cuestiones marítimas (Firmado) Nazanine Moshiri Experta en armas (Firmado) Richard Zabot Experto en armas 2/160 18-16126 S/2018/1002 Resumen En 1992 se impuso a Somalia un embargo de armas general y completo en virtud de la resolución 733 (1992) del Consejo de Seguridad. Desde el levantamiento parcial del embargo de armas en 2013, se han entregado a Somalia aproximadamente 20.000 armas y 75 millones de cartuchos de municiones. Aunque se han hecho considerables avances desde que se impuso por primera vez el embargo, Somalia todavía se enfrenta a multitud de problemas políticos y de seguridad. Es preciso insistir en la importancia de que se cumplan los requisitos de notificación tras el levantamiento parcial del embargo de armas, así como la de que se lleve a cabo una gestión eficaz y responsable de las armas y las municiones. A pesar de ello, el grado de cumplimiento ha sido sistemáticamente bajo. A lo largo del mandato, ningún envío de armas o municiones fue debidamente notificado de conformidad con los requisitos del Consejo de Seguridad. La gestión de armas y municiones siguió siendo deficiente, a pesar de que a principios de 2017 la Oficina del Asesor de Seguridad Nacional publicó nuevos procedimientos operativos estándar. Los registros de distribución a cargo del Arsenal Central de Halane en Mogadiscio carecían de precisión y coherencia hasta tal punto que no fue posible determinar con exactitud dónde, cuándo, por qué, cómo y a quién se habían asignado la mayor parte de las armas y municiones durante el primer semestre del mandato. Las restricciones impuestas por el Gobierno Federal de Somalia limitaron la capacidad del Grupo de Supervisión para Somalia y Eritrea para evaluar eficazmente los procedimientos de gestión y distribución de armas y municiones en la segunda mitad del mandato. Esas restricciones se mantuvieron a pesar de la carta enviada al Gobierno Federal por la Presidencia del Comité del Consejo de Seguridad dimanante de las resoluciones 751 (1992) y 1907 (2009) relativas a Somalia y Eritrea, en la que se subrayaba la importancia de que el Grupo de Supervisión tuviera pleno acceso al Arsenal Central de Halane y pudiera documentar sus existencias. Durante todo el mandato, el Grupo de Supervisión reunió pruebas sobre el desvío de equipo militar y documentó que algunas armas que se sabía que habían sido entregadas al Gobierno Federal —incluidas muchas procedentes de una remesa recibida a mediados de 2017— estaban en poder de comerciantes de armas en Mogadiscio y Baidoa. Muchas de esas armas probablemente fueron desviadas en pequeñas partidas por miembros no remunerados de las fuerzas de seguridad somalíes. Sin embargo, el Grupo de Supervisión también recibió informaciones concordantes según las cuales oficiales de alto rango de las fuerzas de seguridad estaban implicados en el desvío de armas en gran escala. El Grupo de Supervisión recibió valiosa información sobre las armas y municiones incautadas a Al-Shabaab tanto de la Misión de la Unión Africana en Somalia (AMISOM) como de la administración del Estado Sudoccidental, lo que le permitió rastrear algunas armas y comprender mejor la forma en que el grupo se abastece de material militar. Con todo, sigue siendo necesario recibir información con más regularidad por parte de la AMISOM, los estados miembros federados y en particular el Gobierno Federal en relación con el equipo militar capturado. El Gobierno Federal no proporcionó información alguna sobre el equipo militar incautado a Al- Shabaab por sus fuerzas, a pesar de las disposiciones específicas del Consejo de Seguridad según las cuales debe facilitar la inspección de ese equipo por el Grupo de Supervisión antes de redistribuirlo o destruirlo. La documentación del equipo militar incautado que fue interceptado mientras era trasladado del Yemen a Somalia, facilitada por las autoridades de Puntlandia en 18-16126 3/160 S/2018/1002 septiembre de 2017, permitió al Grupo de Supervisión rastrear armas y municiones hasta remesas entregadas a los Emiratos Árabes Unidos y la Arabia Saudita en 2015 y 2016. El Grupo de Supervisión también rastreó material hallado en posesión de un comerciante de armas de Bosaso en mayo de 2017, inicialmente introducido de contrabando desde el Yemen, hasta remesas adquiridas por los Estados Unidos de América. El Grupo de Supervisión siguió investigando las relaciones entre los traficantes de armas de Puntlandia y los proveedores yemeníes, que revelaron un vínculo con un facilitador de Al-Qaida designado por los Estados Unidos, Sayf Al-Qaida Abdulrab Salem Al-Hayashi, alias Sayf-Al-Baydani. Las conclusiones preliminares indican que es probable que Al-Hayashi esté asociado con Fares Mohammed Mana’a, importante comerciante de armas y ministro de estado en la administración hutí del Yemen, que en 2010 fue incorporado a la lista de sanciones establecida en virtud de la resolución 1844 (2010). Al-Shabaab sigue siendo la amenaza más inmediata para la paz, la seguridad y la estabilidad de Somalia. A pesar de los esfuerzos sostenidos de las fuerzas internacionales por eliminar el liderazgo de Al-Shabaab, en particular mediante el uso de ataques aéreos, la capacidad del grupo para llevar a cabo complejos ataques asimétricos en Somalia no disminuye. El 14 de octubre de 2017, Al-Shabaab hizo detonar un vehículo con un gran artefacto explosivo improvisado en el cruce de Zoobe en Mogadiscio, matando a casi 600 personas, en el ataque más mortífero contra la población civil cometido en la historia del país. Con una potencia estimada de más de 1.200 kg de equivalencia de TNT, fue probablemente el mayor artefacto explosivo jamás fabricado por Al-Shabaab. El Grupo de Supervisión siguió investigando la posibilidad de que Al-Shabaab esté fabricando explosivos caseros para utilizarlos en sus artefactos explosivos improvisados. Aunque no hay pruebas concluyentes de que Al-Shabaab esté produciendo explosivos de fabricación casera, los análisis de laboratorio han demostrado que el grupo sigue combinando explosivos de uso militar con componentes de explosivos caseros, como nitrato de potasio, en intentos probablemente fallidos de aumentar la potencia explosiva de sus artefactos improvisados. Varios estudios de casos de la financiación interna de Al-Shabaab revelaron que el grupo militante genera ingresos más que suficientes para mantener su insurgencia. Al-Shabaab sigue funcionando como gobierno en la sombra en las zonas que ya no controla directamente, recurriendo a un sistema centralizado de recaudación de impuestos que aplica de manera uniforme en las zonas meridional y central de Somalia. Solamente en un puesto de control en la región de Bay, el Grupo de Supervisión estima que Al-Shabaab genera unos 10 millones de dólares al año con el cobro de impuestos sobre el tránsito de vehículos y mercancías. Las operaciones financieras de Al- Shabaab, incluida la recaudación de ingresos y la remuneración de sus miembros, son facilitadas por los servicios que prestan entidades financieras y de telecomunicaciones escasamente reguladas. Después de una pausa en las principales operaciones de Al-Shabaab en los Estados Miembros de la región a partir de 2015, el 15 de febrero de 2018 la policía de Kenya interceptó un coche bomba procedente de El Adde (Somalia), con el que se pretendía cometer un importante ataque complejo en Nairobi. El vehículo transportaba rifles de tipo AK, inicialmente importados por el Gobierno Federal en 2013, lo que sugería que en el ataque estaba previsto que participaran “tiradores suicidas” siguiendo el modus operandi de las operaciones de Al-Shabaab en Mogadiscio. Tras el inicio de los ataques aéreos de los Estados Unidos en noviembre de 2017, la facción del Estado Islámico en el Iraq y el Levante (EIIL) de Puntlandia se mantuvo relativamente inactiva durante el mandato. Con todo, el EIIL llevó a cabo una campaña 4/160 18-16126 S/2018/1002 de asesinatos en el sur de Somalia, con un total de 50 víctimas, principalmente en Mogadiscio y Afgooye. Las investigaciones del Grupo de Supervisión confirmaron la existencia de una red del EIIL para cometer asesinatos, aunque aún no está claro si los asesinos estaban vinculados a la facción de Puntlandia desde el punto de vista operacional.
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    DIGITAL COLLECTIONS ITEM TRANSCRIPT Yakov Shepetinsky. Full, unedited interview, 2008 ID IS085.interview PERMALINK http://n2t.net/ark:/86084/b4fg0v ITEM TYPE VIDEO ORIGINAL LANGUAGE RUSSIAN TABLE OF CONTENTS ITEM TRANSCRIPT ENGLISH TRANSLATION 2 CITATION & RIGHTS 24 2021 © BLAVATNIK ARCHIVE FOUNDATION PG 1/24 BLAVATNIKARCHIVE.ORG DIGITAL COLLECTIONS ITEM TRANSCRIPT Yakov Shepetinsky. Full, unedited interview, 2008 ID IS085.interview PERMALINK http://n2t.net/ark:/86084/b4fg0v ITEM TYPE VIDEO ORIGINAL LANGUAGE RUSSIAN TRANSCRIPT ENGLISH TRANSLATION —Today is March 9th, 2008. We are in Tel-Aviv meeting a veteran of the Great Patriotic War. Please introduce yourself and tell us the year and place of your birth. Please, go ahead. My name is Yakov Shepetinsky, son if Itskhak and Khana. I was born in Slonim, formerly Poland, but now part of Belarus, in 1920. On 24th November, 1920 to be more persice. —Could you tell us a little more about your family and your parents line of work? Ehh, my mother was… every two years she was… I remember her always being pregnant. My father worked in the forestry industry. He worked for foreign companies. Until 1937 he worked for a German firm, but then worked for a Durch company. He was their representative when they would buy tracts of forest, he was their trustee. —How many brothers and sisters did you have? I’m sorry, can you please repeat the question? —How many children were there in the family? Ah, there were six children. I, Yakov, was the oldest, born in 1920. Pay attention now, in 1922 there was Gerts, then in 1924 Rubin, then 1926 my only sister Raya, then in 1928 there was a miscarriage, I remember I was eight years old, and then in 1930 Ikhel was born.
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