U.S.-Canada Cross- Border Petroleum Trade
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Kern River, CA
Heavy Liquid Hydrocarbons: Their Production and the Resulting CO2 Footprint Tony Kovscek Stanford University Energy Resources Engineering email:[email protected] First, a little quiz … Where does imported oil originate? Jan - Jul 2007 1%1%1%1%0% 4% 4%1%1% Domestic Production 3% 3% 36% 6% 7% 9% 9% 12% Energy Information Administration, www.eia.doe.gov Where does imported oil originate? 0% 4% 1%1%1%1%1%1% 4% Domestic 3% Canada 3% 36% Mexico Saudi Arabia 6% Venezuela Nigeria Algeria Iraq Angola Saudi Colombia 7% Kuwait Arabia Libya Mexico United Kingdom 9% Canada Ecuador 9% Brazil Equatorial Guinea 12% Other Energy Information Administration, www.eia.doe.gov Who has large proved oil reserves? Oil and Gas J., 2003 300 250 200 150 reserves (Bbbl) 100 50 0 Reserve≠Resource Reserve is energy that you can recover economically with existing technology. reserves (Bbbl) oil reserves? large proved has Who 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Saudi Arabia Canada Oil and Gas J., 2003 Iraq Iran Kuwait United Arab Emirates Russia Venezuela Libya Nigeria United States Today’s Presentation • What has Canada got? – What is heavy oil? – What is heavy oil? – Why do you care about heavy oil? • Heavy-oil recovery methods are energy intensive – Alberta Canada Oil Sands – Kern River, CA • CO2 foot print for heavy oil production – energy needed to produce heavy oil – implications for CO2 production • Summary USA-Alaska Middle East 80 Bbbl 1400 Bbbl conventional oil Canada 2732 Bbbl USA-Continental 137 Bbbl Venezuela Oil Resource 700-3000 Bbbl - Heavy Say that world What -
Oil Shale and Tar Sands
Fundamentals of Materials for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Editors David S. Ginley and David Cahen Oil shale and tar sands James W. Bunger 11 JWBA, Inc., Energy Technology and Engineering, Salt Lake City, UT, USA 11.1 Focus 11.2 Synopsis Tar sands and oil shale are “uncon- Oil shale and tar sands occur in dozens of countries around the world. With in-place ventional” oil resources. Unconven- resources totaling at least 4 trillion barrels (bbl), they exceed the world's remaining tional oil resources are characterized petroleum reserves, which are probably less than 2 trillion bbl. As petroleum becomes by their solid, or near-solid, state harder to produce, oil shale and tar sands are finding economic and thermodynamic under reservoir conditions, which parity with petroleum. Thermodynamic parity, e.g., similarity in the energy cost requires new, and sometimes of producing energy, is a key indicator of economic competitiveness. unproven, technology for their Oil is being produced on a large commercial scale by Canada from tar sands, recovery. For tar sands the hydrocar- and to a lesser extent by Venezuela. The USA now imports well over 2 million barrels bon is a highly viscous bitumen; for of oil per day from Canada, the majority of which is produced from tar sands. oil shale, it is a solid hydrocarbon Production of oil from oil shale is occurring in Estonia, China, and Brazil albeit on called “kerogen.” Unconventional smaller scales. Importantly, the USA is the largest holder of oil-shale resources. oil resources are found in greater For that reason alone, and because of the growing need for imports in the USA, quantities than conventional petrol- oil shale will receive greater development attention as petroleum supplies dwindle. -
Unconventional Gas and Oil in North America Page 1 of 24
Unconventional gas and oil in North America This publication aims to provide insight into the impacts of the North American 'shale revolution' on US energy markets and global energy flows. The main economic, environmental and climate impacts are highlighted. Although the North American experience can serve as a model for shale gas and tight oil development elsewhere, the document does not explicitly address the potential of other regions. Manuscript completed in June 2014. Disclaimer and copyright This publication does not necessarily represent the views of the author or the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation of this document for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy. © European Union, 2014. Photo credits: © Trueffelpix / Fotolia (cover page), © bilderzwerg / Fotolia (figure 2) [email protected] http://www.eprs.ep.parl.union.eu (intranet) http://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank (internet) http://epthinktank.eu (blog) Unconventional gas and oil in North America Page 1 of 24 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The 'shale revolution' Over the past decade, the United States and Canada have experienced spectacular growth in the production of unconventional fossil fuels, notably shale gas and tight oil, thanks to technological innovations such as horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing (fracking). Economic impacts This new supply of energy has led to falling gas prices and a reduction of energy imports. Low gas prices have benefitted households and industry, especially steel production, fertilisers, plastics and basic petrochemicals. The production of tight oil is costly, so that a high oil price is required to make it economically viable. -
Husky Energy and BP Announce Integrated Oil Sands Joint Development
December 5, 2007 For immediate release Husky Energy and BP Announce Integrated Oil Sands Joint Development CALGARY, Alberta – Husky Energy Inc is pleased to announce that an agreement has been reached with BP to create an integrated, North American oil sands business consisting of pre-eminent upstream and downstream assets. The development will be comprised of two joint 50/50 partnerships, a Canadian oil sands partnership to be operated by Husky and a U.S. refining LLC to be operated by BP. Husky and BP will each contribute assets of equal value to the business. Husky will contribute its Sunrise asset located in the Athabasca oil sands in northeast Alberta, Canada and BP will contribute its Toledo refinery located in Ohio, USA. The transaction, which is subject to the execution of final definitive agreements and regulatory approval, is expected to close in the first quarter of 2008 and with effective date January 1, 2008. "This transaction completes Husky’s Sunrise Oil Sands total integration with respect to upstream and downstream solutions," said Mr. John C.S. Lau, President & Chief Executive Officer of Husky Energy Inc. “Husky is extremely pleased to be partnering with BP, a world class global E & P and Refining company. The joint venture will provide better monitoring of project execution, costs and completion timing for this mega project development.” “Toledo and Sunrise are excellent assets. BP’s move into oil sands with Husky is an opportunity to build a strategic, material position and the huge potential of Sunrise is the ideal entry point for BP into Canadian oil sands.” said Tony Hayward, BP’s group chief executive. -
WTI Crude Oil West Texas Intermediate
WTI Crude Oil West Texas Intermediate Alexander Filitz Minh Khoa Nguyen Outline • Crude Oil • Value Chain • Politics • Market • Demand • Facts & Figures • Discussion Crude Oil • Flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds • Is recovered mostly through oil drilling • In its strictest sense, petroleum includes only crude oil, but in common usage it includes all liquid, gaseous, and solid hydrocarbons. • An oil well produces predominantly crude oil, with some natural gas dissolved in it Classification • By the geographic location it is produced in • Its API gravity (an oil industry measure of density) • Its sulfur content • Some of the common reference crudes are: • West Texas Intermediate (WTI), a very high-quality, sweet, light oil delivered at Cushing, Oklahoma for North American oil. • Brent Blend, comprising 15 oils from fields in the North Sea. • Dubai-Oman, used as benchmark for Middle East sour crude oil flowing to the Asia-Pacific region • The OPEC Reference Basket, a weighted average of oil blends from various OPEC (The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) countries West Texas Intermediate • Also known as Texas light sweet, used as a benchmark in oil pricing • API gravity of around 39.6 and specific gravity of 0.827 and 0.24% sulfur • WTI is refined mostly in the Midwest and Gulf Coast regions in the U.S • It is the underlying commodity of New York Mercantile Exchange's (NYMEX) oil futures contracts • Often referenced in news reports -
Climate and Energy Benchmark in Oil and Gas Insights Report
Climate and Energy Benchmark in Oil and Gas Insights Report Partners XxxxContents Introduction 3 Five key findings 5 Key finding 1: Staying within 1.5°C means companies must 6 keep oil and gas in the ground Key finding 2: Smoke and mirrors: companies are deflecting 8 attention from their inaction and ineffective climate strategies Key finding 3: Greatest contributors to climate change show 11 limited recognition of emissions responsibility through targets and planning Key finding 4: Empty promises: companies’ capital 12 expenditure in low-carbon technologies not nearly enough Key finding 5:National oil companies: big emissions, 16 little transparency, virtually no accountability Ranking 19 Module Summaries 25 Module 1: Targets 25 Module 2: Material Investment 28 Module 3: Intangible Investment 31 Module 4: Sold Products 32 Module 5: Management 34 Module 6: Supplier Engagement 37 Module 7: Client Engagement 39 Module 8: Policy Engagement 41 Module 9: Business Model 43 CLIMATE AND ENERGY BENCHMARK IN OIL AND GAS - INSIGHTS REPORT 2 Introduction Our world needs a major decarbonisation and energy transformation to WBA’s Climate and Energy Benchmark measures and ranks the world’s prevent the climate crisis we’re facing and meet the Paris Agreement goal 100 most influential oil and gas companies on their low-carbon transition. of limiting global warming to 1.5°C. Without urgent climate action, we will The Oil and Gas Benchmark is the first comprehensive assessment experience more extreme weather events, rising sea levels and immense of companies in the oil and gas sector using the International Energy negative impacts on ecosystems. -
The Cost of Pipeline Constraints in Canada by Elmira Aliakbari and Ashley Stedman
FRASER RESEARCH BULLETIN FROM THE CENTRE FOR NATURAL RESOURCE STUDIES May 2018 The Cost of Pipeline Constraints in Canada by Elmira Aliakbari and Ashley Stedman MAIN CONCLUSIONS Despite the steady growth in crude oil From 2013 to 2017, after accounting for available for export, new pipeline proj- quality differences and transportation ects in Canada continue to face delays costs, the depressed price for Canadian related to environmental and regula- heavy crude oil has resulted in CA$20.7 tory impediments as well as political billion in foregone revenues for the Ca- opposition. nadian energy industry. This significant loss is equivalent to almost 1 percent of Canada’s lack of adequate pipeline ca- Canada’s national GDP. pacity has imposed a number of costly constraints on the nation’s energy sec- In 2018, the average price differen- tor including an overdependence on tial (based on the first quarter) was the US market and reliance on more US$26.30 per barrel. If the price differ- costly modes of energy transportation. ential remains at the current level, we These and other factors have resulted estimate that Canada’s pipeline con- in depressed prices for Canadian heavy straints will reduce revenues for Cana- crude (Western Canada Select) relative dian energy firms by roughly CA$15.8 to US crude (West Texas Intermediate) billion in 2018, which is approximately and other international benchmarks. 0.7 percent of Canada’s national GDP. Between 2009 and 2012, the average Insufficient pipeline capacity has re- price differential between Western sulted in substantial lost revenue for Canada Select (WCS) and West Texas the energy industry and thus imposed Intermediate (WTI) was about 13 per- significant costs on the economy as a cent of the WTI price. -
Canada East Equipment Dealers' Association (CEEDA)
Industry Update from Canada: Canada East Equipment Dealers' Association (CEEDA) Monday, 6 July 2020 In partnership with Welcome Michael Barton Regional Director, Canada Invest Northern Ireland – Americas For up to date information on Invest Northern Ireland in the Americas, follow us on LinkedIn & Twitter. Invest Northern Ireland – Americas @InvestNI_USA 2 Invest Northern Ireland – Americas: Export Continuity Support in the Face of COVID-19 Industry Interruption For the Canadian Agri-tech sector… Industry Updates Sessions with industry experts to provide Northern Ireland manufacturers with updates on the Americas markets to assist with export planning and preparation Today’s Update We are delighted to welcome Beverly Leavitt, President & CEO of the Canada East Equipment Dealers' Association (CEEDA). CEEDA represents Equipment Dealers in the Province of Ontario, and the Atlantic Provinces in the Canadian Maritimes. 3 Invest Northern Ireland – Americas: Export Continuity Support in the Face of COVID-19 Industry Interruption For the Canadian Agri-tech sector… Virtual Meet-the-Buyer programs designed to provide 1:1 support to connect Northern Ireland manufacturers with potential Canadian equipment dealers Ongoing dealer development in Eastern & Western Canada For new-to-market exporters, provide support, industry information and routes to market For existing exporters, market expansion and exploration of new Provinces 4 Invest Northern Ireland – Americas: Export Continuity Support in the Face of COVID-19 Industry Interruption For the Canadian -
Water-In-Oil Emulsions Through Porous Media and the Effect
processes Brief Report Water-In-Oil Emulsions through Porous Media and the Effect of Surfactants: Theoretical Approaches Josue F. Perez-Sanchez 1,2 , Nancy P. Diaz-Zavala 1 , Susana Gonzalez-Santana 3, Elena F. Izquierdo-Kulich 3 and Edgardo J. Suarez-Dominguez 2,* 1 Centro de Investigación en Petroquímica, Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Madero-Tecnológico Nacional de México, Altamira, Tamaulipas 89600, Mexico; [email protected] (J.P.-S.); [email protected] (N.D.-Z.) 2 Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Tampico, Tamaulipas 89000, Mexico 3 Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la Habana, La Habana 10400, Cuba; [email protected] (S.G.-S.); [email protected] (E.I.-K.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +528332412000 (ext. 3586) Received: 14 August 2019; Accepted: 9 September 2019; Published: 12 September 2019 Abstract: The most complex components in heavy crude oils tend to form aggregates that constitute the dispersed phase in these fluids, showing the high viscosity values that characterize them. Water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions are affected by the presence and concentration of this phase in crude oil. In this paper, a theoretical study based on computational chemistry was carried out to determine the molecular interaction energies between paraffin–asphaltenes–water and four surfactant molecules to predict their effect in W/O emulsions and the theoretical influence on the pressure drop behavior for fluids that move through porous media. The mathematical model determined a typical behavior of the fluid when the parameters of the system are changed (pore size, particle size, dispersed phase fraction in the fluid, and stratified fluid) and the viscosity model determined that two of the surfactant molecules are suitable for applications in the destabilization of W/O emulsions. -
Gastech 2017 Heads to the Land of the Rising
VISIT OUR STAND C430, HALL 4 The O cial 2015 Conference Newspaper DAY FOUR Published by , and Friday, 30 October 2015 Gastech 2017 heads to the INSIDE THIS ISSUE 3 Conference Programme Land of the Rising Sun 5 CoTEs Programme Japanese and international industry leaders will examine the critical role 6 China’s gas-fired energy of gas and LNG for Japan’s future energy security at Gastech Japan 2017 in Tokyo. revolution is on the move The Gastech Conference & Exhibi- tion, Japan will be held 4–7 April 2017 in Chiba/Tokyo. This is the largest and most important business and technology event for the gas and LNG sector, creating Siemens technology is helping a global platform to address and discuss move gas through China’s vital the latest challenges faced in Asia and on and extensive WEGP system a wider international scale. 10 Observe unique design Gastech moves to Japan for the first time and is being hosted by The Japan requirements for LNG Gastech Consortium, which is made up of pumps and valves 10 of Japan’s leading energy companies, The Makuhari Messe International Convention Complex, the site of Gastech 2017, Fluor discusses the exclusive including: JERA; Mitsubishi Corporation; is located in the Chiba Prefecture along the shores of Tokyo Bay. design specifications of pumps Mitsui & Co.; Tokyo Gas; INPEX; ITO- and valves for LNG service CHU Corporation; JAPEX; JX Group— ENEOS; Marubeni Corporation; and Sum- 13 LNG projects pull itomo Corporation. big financing with Bringing the international energy eco- long-term contracts system to the world’s number one con- Special Focus discussion on sumer of LNG and leading global tech- developments and investments nology hub is an exciting and unique for emerging gas markets opportunity for the gas market. -
Canada GREENLAND 80°W
DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=NL-B Module 7 70°N 30°W 20°W 170°W 180° 70°N 160°W Canada GREENLAND 80°W 90°W 150°W 100°W (DENMARK) 120°W 140°W 110°W 60°W 130°W 70°W ARCTIC Essential Question OCEANDo Canada’s many regional differences strengthen or weaken the country? Alaska Baffin 160°W (UNITED STATES) Bay ic ct r le Y A c ir u C k o National capital n M R a 60°N Provincial capital . c k e Other cities n 150°W z 0 200 400 Miles i Iqaluit 60°N e 50°N R YUKON . 0 200 400 Kilometers Labrador Projection: Lambert Azimuthal TERRITORY NUNAVUT Equal-Area NORTHWEST Sea Whitehorse TERRITORIES Yellowknife NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR Hudson N A Bay ATLANTIC 140°W W E St. John’s OCEAN 40°W BRITISH H C 40°N COLUMBIA T QUEBEC HMH Middle School World Geography A MANITOBA 50°N ALBERTA K MS_SNLESE668737_059M_K.ai . S PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND R Edmonton A r Canada legend n N e a S chew E s kat Lake a as . Charlottetown r S R Winnipeg F Color Alts Vancouver Calgary ONTARIO Fredericton W S Island NOVA SCOTIA 50°WFirst proof: 3/20/17 Regina Halifax Vancouver Quebec . R 2nd proof: 4/6/17 e c Final: 4/12/17 Victoria Winnipeg Montreal n 130°W e NEW BRUNSWICK Lake r w Huron a Ottawa L PACIFIC . t S OCEAN Lake 60°W Superior Toronto Lake Lake Ontario UNITED STATES Lake Michigan Windsor 100°W Erie 90°W 40°N 80°W 70°W 120°W 110°W In this module, you will learn about Canada, our neighbor to the north, Explore ONLINE! including its history, diverse culture, and natural beauty and resources. -
Sustainability Report LETTER from OUR CEO
2017 Sustainability Report LETTER FROM OUR CEO Dear stakeholders In 2017 we presented our strategy: always safe, high value, low In Statoil we believe the winners in the energy transition will be carbon, and we set clear ambitions for the future. Statoil is now a the producers that can deliver at low cost and with low carbon stronger, more resilient and more competitive company. emissions. We believe there are attractive business opportunities in the transition to a low-carbon economy. The safety of our people and integrity of our operations is our top priority. Over the past decade we have steadily improved our We prepare for continued volatility in our markets. Last year safety results. Following some negative developments in 2016, we improved our cash flow and generated USD 3.1 billion in we reinforced our efforts, and last year we again saw a positive free cash flow, tripled adjusted earnings to USD 12.6 billion, development. For the year as a whole, our serious incident and net operating income was to USD 13.8 billion. Statoil’s frequency came in at 0.6. We will use this as inspiration and portfolio continued to improve its robustness in 2017 achieving continue our efforts. The “I am safety” initiative, launched across a breakeven oil price of USD 21 per barrel for next generation the company is an important part of these efforts. projects. Statoil has created substantial value and contributed to the CO2 emissions from our oil and gas production were reduced development of society for almost 50 years. Today we supply by 10% per barrel last year.