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DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=NL-B Module 7 70°N 30°W 20°W 170°W 180° 70°N 160°W Canada GREENLAND 80°W 90°W 150°W 100°W (DENMARK) 120°W 140°W 110°W 60°W 130°W 70°W ARCTIC Essential Question OCEANDo Canada’s many regional differences strengthen or weaken the country? Alaska Baffin 160°W (UNITED STATES) Bay ic ct r le Y A c ir u C k o National capital n M R a 60°N Provincial capital . c k e Other cities n 150°W z 0 200 400 Miles i Iqaluit 60°N e 50°N R YUKON . 0 200 400 Kilometers Labrador Projection: Lambert Azimuthal TERRITORY NUNAVUT Equal-Area NORTHWEST Sea Whitehorse TERRITORIES Yellowknife NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR Hudson N A Bay ATLANTIC 140°W W E St. John’s OCEAN 40°W BRITISH H C 40°N COLUMBIA T QUEBEC HMH Middle School World Geography A MANITOBA 50°N ALBERTA K MS_SNLESE668737_059M_K.ai . S PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND R Edmonton A r Canada legend n N e a S chew E s kat Lake a as . Charlottetown r S R Winnipeg F Color Alts Vancouver Calgary ONTARIO Fredericton W S Island NOVA SCOTIA 50°WFirst proof: 3/20/17 Regina Halifax Vancouver Quebec . R 2nd proof: 4/6/17 e c Final: 4/12/17 Victoria Winnipeg Montreal n 130°W e NEW BRUNSWICK Lake r w Huron a Ottawa L PACIFIC . t S OCEAN Lake 60°W Superior Toronto Lake Lake Ontario UNITED STATES Lake Michigan Windsor 100°W Erie 90°W 40°N 80°W 70°W 120°W 110°W In this module, you will learn about Canada, our neighbor to the north, Explore ONLINE! including its history, diverse culture, and natural beauty and resources. VIDEOS, including . • Technology of the Ice Road • The Vikings: Voyage to America What You Will Learn Lesson 1: Physical Geography . 225. The Big Idea Canada is a huge country with a northerly location, cold Document-Based Investigations climates, and rich resources. Lesson 2: History and Culture . 230. Graphic Organizers The Big Idea Canada’s history and culture reflect Native Canadian and European settlement, immigration, and migration to cities. Interactive Games Lesson 3: Canada Today . 237. Channel One News Video: Geo Quiz: The Big Idea Canada’s democratic government oversees the Arctic Summer country’s regions and economy. Image with Hotspots: An Early Inuit Family Image Carousel: Canada’s Diverse History Interactive Map: Regions of Canada HMH— Middle School World Geography—2018 MS_SNLESE668737_059M.ai Color Alts First proof 03/20/17 2nd proof 04/06/17 222 Module 7 Final: 4/12/17 DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=NL-B Geography Canada’s physical geography ranges from the rocky Atlantic coast, shown here, to vast interior plains and mountains in the west. Culture Ice hockey is Canada’s national sport. Many Canadians grow up playing on frozen lakes. History Since 1867, leaders of Canada’s democratic government have met in the nation’s parliament building in Ottawa. Canada 223 DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=NL-A Reading Social Studies Understand Lists READING FOCUS A to-do list can keep you focused on what you need to get done. Keeping lists while you read can keep you focused on understanding the main points of a text. In the example below, a list helps the reader identify and focus on the types of cold climates found in central and northern Canada. The farther north you go in Canada, List of cold the colder it gets. The coldest areas of climates Canada are located close to the Arctic Circle. Much of central and northern Canada has a subarctic climate. The far subarctic ice cap north has tundra and ice cap climates. tundra About half of Canada lies in these extremely cold climates. YOU TRY IT! Read the sentences and then list the territories that make up the Canadian North region. Northern Canada is extremely cold because of its location close to the Arctic Circle. The region called the Canadian North includes the Yukon Territory, the Northwest Territories, and Nunavut. These three territories cover more than a third of Canada but are home to only about 100,000 people. As you read this module, look for lists that help you focus on the main points you are studying. 224 Module 7 DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=NL-A Lesson 1 Physical Geography If YOU lived there . The Big Idea You live in Winnipeg, Manitoba, in central Canada. Your hiking club is trying to decide where to go on a trip this Canada is a huge country with a northerly location, cold climates, summer. Since you live on the plains, some people want and rich resources. to visit the rugged Rocky Mountains in the west. Others want to travel north to Hudson Bay to see polar bears Main Ideas and other wildlife. Others would rather hike in the east ■■ A huge country, Canada has near the Great Lakes and Niagara Falls. a wide variety of physical features, including rugged Which place will you choose for mountains, plains, and this year’s trip? swamps. ■■ Because of its northerly location, Canada is dominated Physical Features by cold climates. Did you know that Canada is the second-largest country in the ■■ Canada is rich in natural world? Russia is the only country in the world that is larger resources like fish, minerals, than Canada. The United States is the third-largest country in fertile soil, and forests. the world and shares many physical features with Canada. Key Terms and Places Locate Canada on the map further on in this section, and see if you can find the physical features that the United States and Rocky Mountains Canada share. You may notice that mountains along the Pacific St. Lawrence River Niagara Falls coast and the Rocky Mountains extend north into western Canadian Shield Canada from the western United States. Broad plains stretch Grand Banks across the interiors of both countries. In the east, the two pulp countries share a natural border formed by the St. Lawrence newsprint River. An important international waterway, the St. Lawrence links the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. The United States and Canada also share a spectacular physi- cal feature called Niagara Falls. The falls are located on the Niagara River between the province of Ontario and New York Mist rises over Niagara Falls, where the Niagara River forms a natural boundary between the United States and Canada. Canada 225 DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=NL-A Explore ONLINE! Canada: Physical ARCTIC OCEAN Ellesmere Island c i t Greenland e c l 160°W r c (DENMARK) r A i ELEVATION C 150°W Feet Meters 120°W 140°W 13,120 4,000 130°W 6,560 2,000 Beaufort Baffin Sea ms_snlese668737_060m_l.aiBay 1,640 500 656 200 HMH-MS World Geography 2018 Baffin Island (Sea level) 0 0 (Sea level) Y M Victoria Canada: Physical Below Below u M k a Island 60°W sea level sea level o c a Locator k n c k e 50°W 0 400 800 Miles 80°W R e n n . z i 60°N z e i Great 0 400 800 Kilometers Mt. Logan e R Color Alts Labrador 19,524 ft M Bear udso t . H n Strai Projection: Lambert Azimuthal (5,951 m) t s Lake First proof: 3/20/17 Sea Equal-Area . 90°W C Great O Final: 4/12/17 R Slave C A 50°N O S Lake A Newfoundland T C I LABRADOR N N Hudson Island M K T A Y E O D Bay R U M I IO A N O R N Grand T James . A P U S Banks R L I H Bay . N N A Gulf of r I IN E R S e L T S D St. Lawrence s A e HMH - World Geography 2018 a Lake c r I Vancouver N n F Winnipeg e Island S Saskatchewan Laurentian r ms_snlese668737_060m_k.ai River Plateau w N a Canada Physical PACIFIC Lake L E t. Huron S Bay of Legend OCEAN Lake Ottawa Lake Fundy W Superior S Ontario Lake Color Alts UNITED STATES Michigan Niagara ATLANTIC OCEAN Falls First proof: 3/20/17 Lake Erie Final: 4/12/17 Interpret Maps 1. Place What mountain range has the highest elevation? 2. Location How does Canada’s northerly location affect its climate? State. Created by the waters of the Niagara River, the falls flow between two of the Great Lakes—Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. The falls here plunge an average of 162 feet (49 m) down a huge ledge. That is higher than many 15-story buildings! Canada has a region of rocky uplands, lakes, and swamps called the Canadian Shield. See on the map how this feature curves around Hudson Bay. The Shield covers about half the country. Farther north, Canada stretches all the way up to the Arctic Ocean. The HMH-World Geography, 2018 Reading Check land here is covered with ice year-round. Ellesmere Island is very rugged, ms_snlese668737_060m.ai Summarize with snow-covered mountains and jagged coastlines. Very few people live Canada: Physical What are the major physical features this far north, but wildlife such as the polar bear and the Arctic wolf have Color Alts of Canada? adapted to the harsh environment.
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