Human Geography Lecture Notes
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The Case for Stronger Regulation of Environmental Marketing
University of Missouri School of Law Scholarship Repository Faculty Publications Faculty Scholarship Summer 2020 Greenwashing No More: The Case for Stronger Regulation of Environmental Marketing Robin M. Rotman Chloe J. Gossett Hope D. Goldman Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/facpubs Part of the Environmental Law Commons, and the Marketing Law Commons 08. ALR 72.3_ROTMAN (ARTICLE) (DO NOT DELETE) 8/22/2020 11:30 PM GREENWASHING NO MORE: THE CASE FOR STRONGER REGULATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETING ROBIN M. ROTMAN*, CHLOE J. GOSSETT**, AND HOPE D. GOLDMAN*** Fraudulent and deceptive environmental claims in marketing (sometimes called “greenwashing”) are a persistent problem in the United States, despite nearly thirty years of efforts by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to prevent it. This Essay focuses on a recent trend in greenwashing—fraudulent “organic” claims for nonagricultural products, such as home goods and personal care products. We offer three recommendations. First, we suggest ways that the FTC can strengthen its oversight of “organic” claims for nonagricultural products and improve coordination with the USDA. Second, we argue for inclusion of guidelines for “organic” claims in the next revision of the FTC’s Guidelines for the Use of Environmental Marketing Claims (often referred to as the “Green Guides”), which the FTC is scheduled to revise in 2022. Finally, we assert that the FTC should formalize the Green Guides as binding regulations, rather than their current form as nonbinding interpretive guidance, as the USDA has done for the National Organic Program (NOP) regulations. This Essay concludes that more robust regulatory oversight of “organic” claims, together with efforts by the FTC to prevent other forms of greenwashing, will ultimately bolster demand for sustainable products and incentivize manufacturers to innovate to meet this demand. -
A Road Map for 21St Century Geography Education Assessment
Editors Daniel C. Edelson A ROAD MAP Richard J. Shavelson Jill A. Wertheim FOR 21st CENTURY GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION Assessment Recommendations and Guidelines for Assessment in Geography Education A Report from the Assessment Committee of the Road Map for 21st Century Geography Education Project Road Map for 21st Century Geography Education Project Assessment Recommendations and Guidelines for Assessment in Geography Education Editors Daniel C. Edelson, Richard J. Shavelson, Jill A. Wertheim National Geographic Society Washington, DC A Report from the Assessment Committee of the Road Map for 21st Century Geography Education Project 2 of 75 This report was created by the Road Map for 21st Century The National Geographic Society is one of the world’s largest nonprofit scientific and Geography Education Project. educational organizations. Founded in 1888 to “increase and diffuse geographic knowledge,” the Society’s mission is to inspire people to care about the planet. It reaches more than 400 Road Map for 21st Century Geography Education Project million people worldwide each month through its official journal, National Geographic, and other magazines; National Geographic Channel; television documentaries; music; radio; Daniel C. Edelson, Principal Investigator films; books; DVDs; maps; exhibitions; live events; school publishing programs; interactive Virginia M. Pitts, Project Director media; and merchandise. National Geographic has funded more than 10,000 scientific research, conservation and exploration projects and supports an education program promoting The Road Map for 21st Century Geography Education Project is a collaboration between the geographic literacy. National Geographic Society, the Association of American Geographers, the National Council for Geographic Education, and the American Geographical Society. The views expressed in the report The Association of American Geographers (AAG) is a nonprofit scientific, research, and are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of these organizations. -
Geography and Atmospheric Science 1
Geography and Atmospheric Science 1 Undergraduate Research Center is another great resource. The center Geography and aids undergraduates interested in doing research, offers funding opportunities, and provides step-by-step workshops which provide Atmospheric Science students the skills necessary to explore, investigate, and excel. Atmospheric Science labs include a Meteorology and Climate Hub Geography as an academic discipline studies the spatial dimensions of, (MACH) with state-of-the-art AWIPS II software used by the National and links between, culture, society, and environmental processes. The Weather Service and computer lab and collaborative space dedicated study of Atmospheric Science involves weather and climate and how to students doing research. Students also get hands-on experience, those affect human activity and life on earth. At the University of Kansas, from forecasting and providing reports to university radio (KJHK 90.7 our department's programs work to understand human activity and the FM) and television (KUJH-TV) to research project opportunities through physical world. our department and the University of Kansas Undergraduate Research Center. Why study geography? . Because people, places, and environments interact and evolve in a changing world. From conservation to soil science to the power of Undergraduate Programs geographic information science data and more, the study of geography at the University of Kansas prepares future leaders. The study of geography Geography encompasses landscape and physical features of the planet and human activity, the environment and resources, migration, and more. Our Geography integrates information from a variety of sources to study program (http://geog.ku.edu/degrees/) has a unique cross-disciplinary the nature of culture areas, the emergence of physical and human nature with pathway options (http://geog.ku.edu/geography-pathways/) landscapes, and problems of interaction between people and the and diverse faculty (http://geog.ku.edu/faculty/) who are passionate about environment. -
FOUNDATION PROGRAMME OFP 012 Geography
THE OPEN UNIVERSITY OF TANZANIA Institute of Continuing Education FOUNDATION PROGRAMME OFP 012 Geography Published by: The Open University of Tanzania Kawawa Road, P. O. Box 23409, Dar es Salaam. TANZANIA www.out.ac.tz First Edition: 2013 Second Edition: 2017 Copyright © 2013 All Rights Reserved ISBN 978 9987 00 252 8 2 Contents GENERAL INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 6 PART 1 EARTH’S STRUCTURE AND MATERIALS OF EARTH Lecture 1: The Meaning and Branches of Geography ................................................................... 8 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 8 1.2 Geography: An Overview .......................................................................................... 8 Lecture 2: Structure of Earth ....................................................................................................... 12 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 12 2.2 The Structure of Earth .............................................................................................. 13 Lecture 3: Origin of Earth ............................................................................................................ 16 3.1 Continental Drifting Theory ..................................................................................... 16 3.2 The Plate Tectonic Theory ...................................................................................... -
The Empirics of New Economic Geography ∗
The Empirics of New Economic Geography ∗ Stephen J Redding LSE, Yale School of Management and CEPR y February 28, 2009 Abstract Although a rich and extensive body of theoretical research on new economic geography has emerged, empirical research remains comparatively less well developed. This paper reviews the existing empirical literature on the predictions of new economic geography models for the distribution of income and production across space. The discussion highlights connections with other research in regional and urban economics, identification issues, potential alternative explanations and possible areas for further research. Keywords: New economic geography, market access, industrial location, multiple equilibria JEL: F12, F14, O10 ∗This paper was produced as part of the Globalization Programme of the ESRC-funded Centre for Economic Performance at the London School of Economics. Financial support under the European Union Research Training grant MRTN-CT-2006-035873 is also gratefully acknowledged. I am grateful to a number of co-authors and colleagues for insight, discussion and comments, including in particular Tony Venables and Gilles Duranton, and also Guy Michaels, Henry Overman, Esteban Rossi-Hansberg, Peter Schott, Daniel Sturm and Nikolaus Wolf. I bear sole responsibility for the opinions expressed and any errors. yDepartment of Economics, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom. Tel: + 44 20 7955 7483, Fax: + 44 20 7955 7595, Email: s:j:redding@lse:ac:uk. Web: http : ==econ:lse:ac:uk=staff=sredding=. 1 1 Introduction Over the last two decades, the uneven distribution of economic activity across space has received re- newed attention with the emergence of the “new economic geography” literature following Krugman (1991a). -
Environmental and Natural Resources; Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources Career Cluster
Statewide Program of Study: Environmental and Natural Resources; Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources Career Cluster Principles of Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources Level 1 Wildlife, Fisheries, and Ecology Management/Lab Forestry and Woodland Ecosystems/Lab Level 2 Range Ecology Management/Lab Energy and Natural Resources Technology/Lab Level 3 Advanced Energy and Natural Resource/Lab Practicum in Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources Level 4 Project-Based Research Scientific Research and Design MASTER’S/ Median Annual HIGH SCHOOL/ DOCTORAL Occupations Wage Openings % Growth INDUSTRY CERTIFICATE/ ASSOCIATE’S BACHELOR’S PROFESSIONAL Environmental $53,352 101 32% CERTIFICATION LICENSE* DEGREE DEGREE DEGREE Engineering Technicians Wastewater Board Certified Environmental Environmental Environmental Environmental Engineers $86,757 288 25% Collections, Class Environmental Science Science Science 1 Engineer - Environmental Science $40,268 508 17% Hazardous Waste and Protection Management Technicians, Including Health Environmental Scientists $77,896 644 24% Water Operators, Certified Water Environmental Environmental/ Environmental/ Class D Technologist Studies Environmental Environmental and Specialists, Including Health Health Health Engineering Engineering Zoologists and Wildlife $67,309 45 32% OSHA Hazardous Certified Wildlife, Fish, Wildlife, Fish, Wildlife, Fish, and Biologists Waste Operations Environmental and and Woodlands Woodlands and Emergency Scientist Woodlands Science and Science and Response Science and Management Management Management WORK BASED LEARNING AND EXPANDED Certified in Public Environmental Natural Fishing and Health Engineering Resources Law Fisheries Science LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES Technology/ Enforcement and Management Work Based Learning Environmental and Protective Exploration Activities: Activities: Technology Services Attend summer leadership events Intern at a waste treatment plant Additional industry-based certification information is available on Texas FFA FFA Supervised Agriculture Experience the TEA CTE website. -
Geography Introduction
Geography Student Handbook CSUS Geography, Fall 2005 Geography Student Handbook contents ONE WELCOME TO GEOGRAPHY Part Welcome Geography Students 1 Reception 2 Keeping the Department Informed 2 Faculty Profiles and Contact Information 3 Maps 4 Campus 4 Bizzini Hall (Classroom Building) 2nd Floor 5 GIS Lab 6 Bio-Ag 7 TWO WHAT IS GEOGRAPHY? 8 Definitions 8 Areas of Geographic Study 9 General Readings in Geography and Teaching 10 THREE YOUR PROGRAM 11 Advising 11 Registration 12 Geography Courses (from Catalog) 13 BA Geography Worksheet (regular tract) 14 BA Geography with Applied Concentration Worksheet 15 Geography Minor Worksheet 16 Liberal Studies with Geography Concentration Worksheet 17 Social Science with Geography Concentration Worksheet 17 General Education Worksheet 18 Plagerism and Academic Dishonesty 19 Readings – Coping with Classes 20 Internships 21 FOUR GEOGRAPHY’S FACILITIES 22 Laboratories 22 The Field 22 GIS Lab 23 Bio-Ag 23 The Bridge 24 Study Abroad 25 Other Facilities 26 FIVE LIFE AFTER CSUS 27 Occupations 27 Graduate School 28 Letter of Reference 29 1 one - welcome to geography “Of all the disciplines, it is geography that has captured the vision of the earth as a whole.” Kenneth Boulding WELCOME GEOGRAPHY STUDENTS! This student handbook provides a way for you to track your degree progress and helps you navigate a path, not only to complete your degree, but to seek a profession in geography or attend graduate school. It serves as a convenient source for general information about the discipline of geography, department and campus resources, and who to contact with various questions. This handbook does not replace the personal one-to-one contact between yourself and your advisor. -
Environmental Science: Integrated Sciences Emphasis
Environmental Science: Integrated Sciences emphasis Understanding & Protecting Our Environment Today’s global environmental problems demand professionals who grasp the complex physical, biological, and social contexts for those problems. Take advantage of this unique program to develop a strong foundation in both environmental science and the human dimensions of environmental issues. Work to develop your own focus by choosing courses from across the University of Idaho. In addition, through this option you will seamlessly incorporate a semester study program, minor, or certificate program to deepen your skillset and increase your marketability across the full range of environmental careers. FRESHMAN FALL SPRING COURSE CREDITS COURSE CREDITS ENVS 101 - Introduction to Environmental Science 3 ENGL 102 - College Writing & Rhetoric 3 ENVS 102 - Field Activities 1 MATH 143 - Pre-Calc Algebra & Analytical Geometry OR MATH 160 - Survey of Calculus OR 3-4 ENGL 101 - Introduction to College Writing 3 MATH 170 - Analytical Geometry & Calculus I ENVS 201 - Careers in the Environmental Sciences 3 Minor/Certificate/ Semester-long experience 3 COMM 101 - Fundamentals of Oral Communications 2 General Education Requirement 3 General Education Requirement 3 General Education Requirement 3 TOTAL 15 TOTAL 15-16 SUMMER BEFORE SOPHOMORE, JUNIOR, OR SENIOR YEAR COURSE CREDITS ENVS 498 - Environmental Science Internship OR 1 can take during fall/spring semester TOTAL 1 SOPHOMORE FALL SPRING COURSE CREDITS COURSE CREDITS GEOL 101/101L - Physical Geology & Lab -
Green Marketing and Environmental Consumerism in Continuing Higher Education Cathy Sandeen University of California Los Angeles
It’s Not Easy Being Green: Green Marketing and Environmental Consumerism in Continuing Higher Education Cathy Sandeen UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES ver the last few years, terms such as “carbon neutral,” “greenwashing,” and “zero impact” have begun to permeate the media. The proliferation and serious use of such terms reflect a significant cultural focus on one of the most crucial Oissues of our time: sustainability—an effort to reduce our impact on the environment. Not surprisingly, the current focus on all things “green—greener— greenest” has found its way into the realm of continuing higher education as well through a proliferation of courses and programs. A recent Internet search on the phrase “sustainability certificate” produced over 7,600 results, reflecting a strong perceived or real demand. This article provides both a working knowledge of the field and practi- cal applications of the concepts and is organized according to the following sections: • sustainability in the US; • the corporate response; • sustainability in higher education and continuing higher educa- tion; © 2009 Cathy Sandeen, Dean of Continuing Education and UCLA Extension, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA CONTINUING HIGHER EDUCATION REVIEW, Vol. 73, 2009 93 IT'S NOT EASY BEING GREEN • green marketing and environmental consumerism (including “greenwashing”); • results from a current original market research survey; and • practical next steps for continuing higher educators. Throughout I have provided a number of definitions of commonly accepted and relatively new terms related to sustainability. BRIEF BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT Carbon neutral: “Calculating your total climate-damaging carbon emis- sions, reducing them where possible, and then balancing your remaining emissions, often by purchasing a carbon offset: paying to plant new trees or investing in ‘green’ technologies such as solar and wind power” (Oxford American Dictionary). -
Curriculum Vitae | Dr. Jakob Eder
CV Dr. Jakob Eder Dr. Jakob Eder Phone: +43 1 51581 3526 | Email: [email protected] | Website: oeaw.ac.at/isr Institute for Urban and Regional Research (ISR) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) Vordere Zollamtsstraße 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria Curriculum Vitae Personal Details Year | Country of Birth 1989 | Austria Citizenship Austria Work Experience 2020/09 – today Institute for Urban and Regional Research/ÖAW, Scientific Staff (Postdoc) Research Group: Innovation and Urban Economy 2019/09 – 2020/08 Paternity Leave 2016/05 – 2019/08 Institute for Urban and Regional Research/ÖAW, PhD Candidate Research Group: Innovation and Urban Economy 2014/07 – 2016/04 Vienna Institute of Demography/ÖAW, Wittgenstein Centre, Research Assistant Research Group: Human Capital Data Lab 2013/06 – 2016/04 Institute for Urban and Regional Research/ÖAW, Research Assistant Research Group: Innovation and Urban Economy 2013/10 – 2014/06 Dep. for Geography and Regional Research/University of Vienna, Project Assistant Research Group: Regional Research and Regional Planning 2011/10 – 2013/09 Dep. for Geography and Regional Research/University of Vienna, Scientific Assistant Research Group: Population Geography 2010/10 – 2011/06 Dep. for Geography and Regional Research/University of Vienna, Tutor Fields: Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Spatial Planning, and Urban Geography 2010/08 – 09 Division IV/4 of the Federal Chancellery of Austria, Intern Fields: Spatial Planning and Regional Policy 2009/07 eoVision GmbH, Intern Fields: Satellite Images/Geomarketing -
Modeling Daytime and Nighttime Population Distributions in Portugal Using Geographic Information Systems
MODELING DAYTIME AND NIGHTTIME POPULATION DISTRIBUTIONS IN PORTUGAL USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS BY C2007 Sérgio Manuel Carneiro Freire Submitted to the graduate degree program in Geography and the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master’s of Arts _______________________________ Dr. Johannes J. Feddema _______________________________ Dr. Stephen L. Egbert _______________________________ Dr. Jerome E. Dobson Date Defended_______________________________ The Thesis Committee for Sérgio Freire certifies That this is the approved Version of the following thesis: MODELING DAYTIME AND NIGHTTIME POPULATION DISTRIBUTIONS IN PORTUGAL USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS Committee: _____________________________ Dr. Johannes J. Feddema _____________________________ Dr. Stephen L. Egbert _____________________________ Dr. Jerome E. Dobson Date approved:______________________ ii ABSTRACT Sérgio M. C. Freire Department of Geography, December 2007 University of Kansas Natural or man-made disasters (e.g., earthquakes, fires, toxic releases, terrorism, etc.) usually occur without warning and can affect large numbers of people. Census figures register where people reside and usually sleep, but when disaster strikes knowing where people are more likely to be at the time of the event can be invaluable information for adequate emergency response and evacuation planning. These data can also be useful for risk and consequence assessment or a variety of studies involving population, such as transportation planning, land planning, GeoMarketing, and health and environmental studies. Having this information in a GIS-usable raster format significantly increases its value and facilitates integration with other spatial datasets for analysis or modeling. The validity of the concept of ambient population for the desired purposes has been demonstrated by the recent development of global population distribution databases. -
Analysing the Characteristics of Major
TR ƯỜNG ĐẠ I H ỌC S Ư PH ẠM TP H Ồ CHÍ MINH HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION TẠP CHÍ KHOA H ỌC JOURNAL OF SCIENCE ISSN: KHOA H ỌC GIÁO D ỤC EDUCATION SCIENCE 1859-3100 Tập 15, S ố 1 (2018): 182-191 Vol. 15, No. 1 (2018): 182-191 Email: [email protected]; Website: http://tckh.hcmue.edu.vn ANALYSING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MAJOR BRANCHES OF MODERN GEOGRAPHY Tran The Dinh *, Nguyen Thi Thanh Nhan Department of Geography, An Giang University Received: 29/9/2017; Revised: 09/10/2017; Accepted: 22/01/2018 ABSTRACT Geography can be described as a field of science which is the study of the Earth’s physical features, people, as well as the relationships between people and their environment. Based on collecting and analyzing materials from various sources, the paper analyze the characteristics of major branches in the new trend of geography. In addition, as a basis for the above analysis, we also outline the history of geography and present the traditional and modern methods in geographical research. Keywords: branches of geography, history of geography, methods in geographical research, geography. TÓM T ẮT Phân tích đặc điểm các nhánh nghiên c ứu chính c ủa địa lí học hi ện đại Địa lí học được miêu t ả là m ột ngành khoa h ọc, nghiên c ứu v ề đặc điểm t ự nhiên trên b ề mặt Trái Đất, nghiên c ứu v ề con ng ười c ũng nh ư m ối quan h ệ gi ữa con ng ười v ới môi tr ường sinh s ống của h ọ.