Agencija Sa Povjerenjem BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Vodimo Vas putevima otomanskog carstva Upoznajte Bosnu i Hercegovinu Golden tours - agencija sa povjerenjem BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA Bosnia & Herzegovina is a country situated within southern eastern part of Europe at western part of the Balkan Peninsula. Northern, western and southern parts of Bosnia & Herzegovina are bordering with Republic of Croatia and eastern part with Republic of Serbia and Monte Negro. The capitol of Bosnia & Herzegovina is city of Sarajevo. After fallen of ex – Yugoslavia, on 05th of April 1992, Bosnia & Her- zegovina declared its independency. According to certain statistical data (new census list is expected to be available until 2014) around 3,950,000 citizens are living and habituating in Bosnia & Herzegovina. During first several centuries of the new era, Bosnia & Herzegovina was a part of the Roman Em- pire. After fallen of Roman Empire, both Byzantine Empire and western successors of Roman Em- pire claimed Bosnia & Herzegovina territory. Slavic tribes inhabited Bosnia & Herzegovina during 7th century. With exception of today’s eastern Herzegovina and Humin area, during 10th& 11th centuries, Bosnia & Herzegovina became a part of Croatian Kingdom. At the end of 11th and be- ginning of 12th century, Bosnia & Herzegovina became a part of the Hungarian Kingdom till 1463, when Turkish Empire subjected a majority of Bosnia & Herzegovina territory. On 25th of Octo- ber 1478, the last Bosnian Queen Katarina Kosaca – Kotromanic deceased at Rome. During Turk- ish Empire government many Bosnians accepted Islam as their religion. Turkish Empire ruled Bosnia & Herzegovina till 1878 when Bosnia & Herzegovina fallen under Austro – Hungarian protectorate. However, different Slavic enclaves in foreign countries intended to unify all southern Slavic enclaves. The First World War was initiated when Austro – Hungarian prince was killed at Sarajevo. After fallen of Austro – Hungarian Kingdom, Bosnia & Herzegovina entered Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During Second World War, Bosnia & Herzegovina was a part of Independent State of Croatia but only for a short period of time. Socialistic Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was established after Second World War and Bosnia & Her- zegovina became one of the republics within this Federation. After fallen of ex – Yugoslavia during 1991 and referendum for independency during February 1992, Bosnia & Herzegovina claimed itsindependency as a sovereign country. The majority of Bosnia & Herzegovina citizens attended this referendum except Bosnian Orthodox who, with help of Serbian government, started a war in Bosnia & Herzegovina (based on the eth- nic principle) in order to occupy certain territories of Bosnia & Herzegovina and annex it to Ser- bia.Soon, this war claimed whole territory of Bosnia & Herzegovina and all ethnic groups. During March 1994 Bosnian Catholics and Muslims signed a treaty confirming establishment of Federa- tion of Bosnia & Herzegovina including certain relationship with Republic of Croatia. During No- vember 1995 all warfare sides involved signed Dayton Peace Accord that stopped this horrible war. The final document was signed during December 1995 in Paris.Dayton Peace Accord divided Bos- nia & Herzegovina into two entities, Federation of Bosnia & Herzegovina and Republic of Srpska. Bosnia & Herzegovina, with its mosques, churches, synagogues, libraries, Turkish baths, and other monuments represent true historical museum. Certain historical parts of Bosnia & Herzegovina are preserved in its core and many streets and buildings held their originally assigned names such as “ab- desthana, cikmazsokak, sogukpinar, EvliyaCelebi”, etc. Sometimes, Islamic clerks held their prayers on Turkish language, Eid Mubarak greeting “Bajram Serif Mubarak Olsun” is commonly used and “Basig Sag Olsun” is often used during Muslim funerals. By sightseeing cities of Sarajevo, Mostar, Travnik, Srebrenica, Tuzla, etc. every visitor will enjoy rich history of Bosnia & Herzegovina, its natural beauty and tourist potentials. SARAJEVO, the Capitol of Bosnia & Herzegovina TUZLA Sarajevo is the Capitol of Bosnia & Herzegovina and represent its biggest urban, cultural, eco- Tuzla is one of the oldest settlements in the Europe with its continuity of inhabitation. Tuzla nomic and transportation center. Miljacka river flow through the city of Sarajevo, Bosna river is the city which name is related to the salt in the past history, a natural resource remained spring is situated in a vicinity of the city, including its popular excursion site “Vrelo Bosne”. under Tuzla after withdrawal of Pannonia Sea into Black Sea 10 million years ago. This natu- Comparing its size with some other capitols, Sarajevo is not a large city, but Sarajevo is more ral resource remained in a way of salt water and blocks of stone salt. Part of Pannonia Sea is known then some other larger capitols due to its ecclesiastical, historical and natural look. returned to Tuzla after construction of the unique and the only salt lake in the Europe – Pan- Although there are many things to be seen in Sarajevo, the most popular sightseeing parts nonia Lake, literally in a downtown Tuzla. Tuzla is surrounded by mountains, from north- are center and old town stretching through Miljacka river valley. Old, narrow streets stretch- west by mountain Majevica and from southwest by mountains Ozren, Konjuh and Javornik. ing on both sides of the river are worth of visit. The heart of old part Bascarsija is well known Oldest houses of stilts in Europe has been found in Tuzla dating from neolith era (Stone Age square with one of the oldest city public spring construction always surrounded by pigeons. period) and other houses of stilts found in Europe are dating to Iron Age period. Several an- This is an excellent place for a Turkish coffee and short brake. Ottoman Governor Hadzi Mehmed – pasha Kukavica who governed cient relicts dating from neolith era has been found in Tuzla and special place is belonging to Bosnia & Herzegovina in its past, built his first public spring on Bascarsija during 1753. During 1891 this spring was reconstructed salt production dishes. These archeological artifacts confirm that even neolith era habitants in Mauro stile by famous architect Aleksandar Vitek, representing a copy of stone shape public spring construction monument from exploited salt resources in this region. Tuzla is the only city in the Europe having salt lake Constantinople, and it was removed and placed where it seats now. All coffee shops surrounding public spring construction are serv- complex situated downtown area. Within this complex there are Salt Waterfalls 18 m heights ing Turkish coffee with famous Turkish sweets. On the one side of the Bascarsija square is with two swimming pools size 320 m² in total and sunbathing area size 300 m², extremely an entrance to “Kazandziluk”, a street well known by production and trade of hand – made suitable for sunbathing and salt air vapors inhalation. During 2006 an Archeological Park cuprum dishes with oriental ornaments, including many ancient relicts’ and antiquities. has been opened for visitors within this complex presenting houses of stilts from neolith era Also, it is worth to visit Muslim’s cemetery where are many 1992 – 1995 war heroes bur- and Geological Museum. The houses of neolith stilts represents a way of life that existed in ied. The first President of independent Bosnia & Herzegovina, Mr. Alija Izetbegovic is also this region 7000 year’s ago and it’s based on neolith era artifacts found. Period when these buried at this cemetery. It is worth to visit Bascarsija, Gazi Husrev Beg (Sultan Suleiman artifacts has been created is confirmed Archeological Institute Vienna by using C4 method. Freedom Square in Tuzla is one of the nephew) mosque and Islamic school, library who burnt for many days during the war, vis- biggest squares in Bosnia & Herzegovina with it’s famous “Barok” building existing from Austro – Hungarian period. It is absolutely it to original clock – tower and listen prayers, catholic cathedral and orthodox churches necessary to mention one of the sadness moments in the history of the city. During the recent war, on 25th of May 1995, Bosnian bells and synagogues, visit to Emperor Mosque built as a present for Fatih Sultan Mehmet. Serbs fired a shell that killed 71 innocent civilian, mostly young boys and girls. That one moment wiped out a Tuzla youth. Victims One of the previous war monuments is a salvation tunnel, built under the runway of Sarajevo International Airport, presenting the only of this massacre are buried at Slana Banja site and Kapija monument will witness this horrible event in the history of Tuzla forever. exit away of surrounded Sarajevo. Around 3 million crossings on both sides of the salvation tunnel are noted during 30 months of its usage. After the war, Sarajevo Canton government took – over responsibility to maintain this symbol of free Sarajevo as a museum con- JAJCE taining many photos, video clips and objects used in tunnel during period when it was the only passage and link with the rest of the world. On the banks of beautiful Vrbas and Pliva rivers, one of the most beautiful cities of Bosnia TRAVNIK & Herzegovina is hoisted – a city of light, rock and water, a city of Kings, a museum under clear sky, a city with 23 most beautiful national monuments, a city under UNESCO world Town of Travnik is situated in the Lasva river valley, right between mountain of Vlasic on the culture monument’s protection – a city of Jajce. Magnificent 21 m waterfall, among 12 other north and mountain Vilenica on the south. Travnik fortress is the most impressive fortress in the most beautiful waterfalls in the world, is decorating the city center itself, making Jajce a Bosnia & Herzegovina, still standing as the best preserved fortress of all. Name Travnik exists unique city in the world. Places to visit in Jajce are underground church/catacombs, church since this period. Period of Turkish Empire restored the glory of Travnik in its famous beauty. of St. Mary (Fethija Mosque) with bell – tower of St. Luka, St. Mitro temple, fortress/citadel, Travnik was a capitol and military center of the Ottoman Empire in Bosnia & Herzegovina.