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UNION INTERNATIONALE DES SCIENCES

PREHISTORIQUES ET PROTOHISTORIQUES

EVOLUTION DES SOCIETES HUMAINES DE LA PREHISTOIRE A LA PROTOHISTOIRE

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XIX° CONGRES UISPP MEKNES SEPTEMBRE 2020

Sommaire des sessions

Summary of sessions

1 Table des matières

Book_Sessions_cover.pdf1

Archaeoacoustics - The Archaeology of Past Soundscapes in Prehistory and Protohistory., Coimbra Fernando [et al.]1

Historiographie des préhistoriens et paléontologues du Maghreb, Hadjouis Djillali 3

Les contacts entre l’Europe et le Maghreb aux âges des métaux / Contacts between Europe and the Maghreb during the Metal Ages, Brandherm Dirk [et al.] 4

Origin processes of the emergence of warrior societies: from inter-group con- ﬂict in Prehistory to its social roots in Proto-history., Gabriele Berruti [et al.] 5

Relations between core and periphery in Pleistocene hunter-gatherer societies, South Western Asia, Goder Goldberger Mae [et al.]7

On the Move: Reconsidering Human Migrations in Pre- and Protohistory, Fernandez- Gotz Manuel [et al.]8

Mudbrick standardisation, Daneels Annick9

HOLOCENE POPULATION MOVEMENTS AT THE INTERFACE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN, ATLANTIC, MAGHREB AND SAHARA CIRCULA- TIONS DES PEUPLEMENTS HOLOCENES A L’INTERFACE DE LA MEDITER- RANEE, DE L’ATLANTIQUE, DU MAGHREB ET DU SAHARA, Amara Iddir [et al.] 11

1 Landscapes of Movement and Predation: Indigenous Responses to Colonialism and the Archaeological Record, Bowser Brenda [et al.] 13

Mediterranean relations in the Neolithic / Relations méditerranéennes au Néolithique, Lemercier Olivier [et al.] 14

Archaeology of the lithic procurement areas in the African Stone Age, Morales Juan I. [et al.] 15

ART THROUGH A CHANGING WORLD: CLIMATE INDICATORS THROUGH ROCK ART, Nash George [et al.] 16

Hominins in changing environments - in search of integrative perspectives, Knul Monika [et al.] 18

Carinated technology in focus: Reduction strategies, tool production and lithic economy in the Upper Palaeolithic, Parow-Souchon Hannah [et al.] 19

Understanding and accessibility of pre-and proto-historical research issues: sites, museums and communication strategies., Di Nucci Annarosa [et al.] 20

Les structures brûlées au Néolithique, Gheorghiu Dragos [et al.] 21

Monuments et rites funéraires holocènes et pré-islamiques du Maghreb : peuplements, cultures et inﬂuences, Benlamine Lalla Khaddouj [et al.] 23

Transversality in Anthropology – Updates on methodologies, technological developments and discoveries, Arnaud Julie [et al.] 24

Multidisciplinary approaches led in Lower/Middle Palaeolithic European archaeological sequences., Pereira Alison [et al.] 25

Identity, Timing and Environments of the Pleistocene and Holocene Cultures in Northwest Africa, Bouzouggar Abdeljalil [et al.] 26

Historiography and Suspension of Indigenous Connection with Place and Object- case studies from Oceania, Walshe Keryn [et al.] 27

2 SPHEROIDS in the Paleolithic: Stories in the round, Assaf Ella [et al.] 28

Regards croisés sur l’Ibéromaurusien : perspectives comparatives sur les sys- tèmes techniques des technocomplexes du bassin méditerranéen., Sari Lat- ifa [et al.] 30

Archéologie et sciences connexes en Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre : Apports et perspectives, Camara Abdoulaye [et al.] 33

Prehistoric occupations on river archives, Pereira Telmo [et al.] 34

LOWER PALAEOLITHIC ACROSS TIME AND SPACE: what we are talking about?, Arzarello Marta [et al.] 35

Recherche, analyse de risques et préservation des sites malacologiques, Ro- brahn González Erika Marion [et al.] 36

L’humanité face aux changements climatiques : des origines au début des temps historiques / Humanity facing climate change : from the origins to early historical times, Djindjian François 37

Computational Prehistory and Protohistory, Djindjian François [et al.] 40

Post-modern archaeology versus neoprocessual archaeology : the debate, Djind- jian François 41

Prehistoric sickles worldwide: techno-typology, hafting, function, cultural aspects, and symbolism, Zutovski Katia [et al.] 42

Reconstructing socio-economic and cultural dynamics from the Sahara to Mediterranean Africa during the Holocene, Lucarini Giulio [et al.] 44

Archaeometry of prehistoric and protohistoric stone, metal, ceramics and glass, Török Béla [et al.] 45

Dynamics of hunter-gatherers in the western Mediterranean: Southern Eu- rope and North Africa between 18,500-10,000 cal. BP, Vadillo Margarita [et al.] 46

3 Archaeology, Rock Art and Caravans in Comparative Prospective., Rivera Mario [et al.] 48

Old excavations, new data: the use of archives and of original documentation in current archaeological research projects, Alessandro Guidi [et al.] 49

Remote Sensing for Endangered Archaeology: Encountering Human and En- vironmental Causes, Campana Stefano [et al.] 51

”Acheulean gaps" in Africa between _~1.3 and _~1.0/0.7 Ma: questioning the absence during a key-period of human evolution, Gallotti Rosalia [et al.] 52

Session: The conservation of archaeological sites and cultural landscapes . Panel: Archaeological heritage policies and management structures, Macamo Solange 53

Man and his companions (horse and dog) in Eurasian Graves (3rd mill. BC-1st mill. AD, Sirbu Valeriu [et al.] 54

WARFARE, CONFLICT AND VIOLENCE IN PREHISTORIC NEAR EAST AND CENTRAL ASIA, Gil Fuensanta Jesus [et al.] 55

The intellectual and spiritual expressions of non-literate peoples, Anati Em- manuel 56

MESO-NEOLITHIC HUNTER-GATHERER MOBILITY PATTERNS, Soares Joaquina [et al.] 58

Creating in tropical forests: toolkits and technical behaviours of prehistoric hunter-gatherers between 23◦ North and 23◦ South., Xhauﬂair Hermine [et al.] 61

Pleistocene early weaponry technologies: a multifaceted mosaic of new evidence and behaviours, La Porta Alice [et al.] 62

Preventive archaeology and its impact on the study of past societies. Possi- bilities and reality, Kadrow Slawomir 64

4 The rock art and archaeology of Macaronesian Islands, Ribeiro Nuno [et al.] 65

L’imagerie dans tous ses états : Architecture cranio-faciale, posture occlusale et rachidienne, appareil locomoteur., Hadjouis Djillali [et al.] 70

Megaliths, landscapes and social complexiﬁcation accross Europe and Africa: comparative analysis of contextualized processes, Oosterbeek Luiz [et al.] 71

Human adaptations to arid and desert environments: settlements, industries and rock art evidences, Oosterbeek Luiz [et al.] 72

The management of prehistoric sites and the dynamics of contemporary societies: World Heritage and beyond, Oosterbeek Luiz [et al.] 73

THE ARCHAEOMETRY OF ROCK ART: ANALYSES, ABSOLUTE DAT- ING AND CONSERVATION, Garcês Sara [et al.] 74

Occupation in mid-latitude Eurasia during the Last Glacial Maximum and shortly thereafter, Lev Sergey [et al.] 75

Pyroarchaeology from hunter-gatherer contexts to sedentary and complex societies, Mallol Carolina [et al.] 76

Let it burn! Experimental and Ethnoarchaeological Approaches in Pyroar- chaeology, Stahlschmidt Mareike C. [et al.] 77

Hypogéisme funéraire en Europe et en Afrique, Giuseppa Tanda [et al.] 78

MOVEMENTS, DISPLACEMENTS, CIRCULATION AND EXCHANGES IN ANGIENT AMERICAN SOCIETIES, Mazzia Natalia [et al.] 79

Pour une archéologie de l’Atlas : ressources, itinéraires et établissements, de la Préhistoire à l’époque médiévale, Dridi Hédi [et al.] 82

Hunter-gatherers in the Late Glacial World. What do we know exactly?, Sobkowiak- Tabaka Iwona [et al.] 84

5 Hunters and farmers from both margins: Debating Mediterranean intercontinental connections during the early and middle Holocene, Arias Pablo [et al.] 85

Studying Rock Art in extreme enviroments: methods and techniques, Menén- dez Iglesias Beatriz 86

Mountain Africa: prehistoric peoples and palaeoenvironments, Stewart Brian [et al.] 87

Prey and Hunters: exploring subsistence strategies from the Pleistocene to the Early Holocene., Thun Hohenstein Ursula [et al.] 88

Les premières appropriations du monde souterrain / The oldest ’mastering’ of the underground world, Jaubert Jacques [et al.] 89

Examining cultural change and variability during the MSA over multiple spatial and temporal scales, Conard Nicholas [et al.] 91

Patterns and causes of spatial and temporal variability during the Middle Paleolithic, Chacón M. Gema [et al.] 92

Traceology in the 21st Century: Contributions to Archaeological Science and the Human Journey, Pawlik Alfred [et al.] 93

Climatic changes and human occupation of mountain environments in prehistoric and protohistoric times, Callanan Martin [et al.] 95

ANCIENT MIRRORS: ALWAYS REFLECTIVE AND GENERALLY SE- CRETIVE OBJECTS OF THE PAST CULTURES, Coşkunsu Güner [et al.] 96

Submerged paleoenvironments and ancient remains found in wet environments (archeology and conservation), Figueiredo Alexandra [et al.] 97

UNTOLD STORIES: WOMEN AND ARCHAEOLOGY IN AFRICA, Coltofean- Arizancu Laura [et al.] 98

First husbandry practices in Mediterranean area, Sierra Alejandro [et al.] 99

6 Emergence d’Homo sapiens et son contexte naturel et culturel /Emergence of Homo sapiens and its natural and cultural context, Ben-Ncer Abdelouahed [et al.] 100

Late stone talks: Lithic Industries in Metal Ages, Manclossi Francesca 102

La circulation des métaux et des métallurgies au Maghreb pré et protohistorique: état de la recherche, Essaadi Fouad [et al.] 103

Substrats autochtones et contacts culturels au Maghreb et Sahara de l’âge du Bronze à la ﬁn de l’Antiquité, Bokbot Youssef [et al.] 104

” The rivers run but soon run dry... ". Archéologie de l’eau et des précipita- tions dans l’iconographie saharienne préhistorique., Graﬀ Gwenola [et al.] 106

Discontinuité des chaînes opératoires au Paléolithique moyen/Middle Stone Age., Mathias Cyrielle [et al.] 107

Transition Pléistocène inférieur pléistocène moyen autour de la Méditerranée, approches environnementales et comportementales, De Weyer Louis [et al.] 109

RAW MATERIAL PROCUREMENT, MOBILITY AND TERRITORIAL- ITY IN THE MIDDLE PALAEOLITHIC, Doronicheva Ekaterina [et al.] 110

L’ENSEIGNEMENT UNIVERSITAIRE DE LA PREHISTOIRE ET DE LA PROTOHISTOIRE, Sémah François [et al.] 111

New methods for exploring ﬂint mines - From producers to consumers, from Prehistory to History, Bostyn Françoise [et al.] 112

Arts rupestres maghrébins entre richesse et déﬁs de conservation, Lemjidi Abdelkhalek [et al.] 114

AUX ORIGINES DE L’UTILISATION DES PLANTES : ETUDES ETHNOB- OTANIQUES ET DES MACRO RESTES VEGETAUX, Abdelhamid Zaid [et al.] 115

Liste des participants 116

7 Liste des auteurs 120

1 Archaeoacoustics - The Archaeology of Past Soundscapes in Prehistory and Protohistory.

Fernando Coimbra1 and Dragos Gheorghiu2

After some pioneering studies in the second half of the 20th century regarding the use of sound by past societies, it’s in the 90’ that the interest in Archaeoacoustics reaches a significant level among researchers. Archaeoacoustics is a multidisciplinary field of research, sometimes still beset by methodological difficulties but is, as mentioned by Scarre (2006: 9), “potentially a vital part of the understanding of the lived experience of past societies”. Following of an important Conference organized in 2003 at the University of Cambridge, other events about Archaeoacoustics have been organized in several different countries, with contributions that constitute today a considerable part of the specialized bibliography on this theme, complementing several additional publications that provided a broad view of Archaeoacoustics. This new discipline, which tries to recreate the soundscapes of the past, emerged from various experimental and experiential methods, and the organizers encourage these types of approaches, which sometimes may take the form of performances. In this session the organizers intend to gather researchers from different disciplines such as archaeology, experimental and experiential archaeologies, acoustics, ethnomusicology, archaeoacoustics, anthropology and psychology, among others, with the aim of better understanding the art and culture since Prehistory to Protohistory. For example, we are interested in presentations concerning early musical behaviours, shamanism, the representation of musical instruments and/or dancing scenes in rock art, “ringing stones”, the acoustics of classical Greek and Roman buildings and of medieval churches, music archaeology, the effects of specific sounds on the human brain, as well as other possible approaches to the use of sound in past human contexts that interested participants may wish to propose.

1 Polytechnic Institute of Tomar Geosciences Centre of the University of Coimbra Instituto Terra e Memória, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Mação [email protected]

2 Doctoral School, National University of Arts, Bucharest Instituto Terra e Memória, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Mação Geosciences Centre of the University of Coimbra [email protected]

2 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:282792 Résumé

Plusieurs archéologues du XIXème et du XXème sicles ont mis en évidence dans les pays du Maghreb un très grand nombre de sites préhistoriques, pour certains encore en fouille de nos jours. Préhistoriens, paléontologues, géologues et quaternaristes d'une façon générale ont sillonné les pays pour dresser des levés de coupes, des cartes géologiques, des ramassages de pièces fossiles ou lithiques, des descriptions de plages fossiles, des sites littoraux, atlasiques ou sahariens, des grottes et abris-sous-roches. De même ces archéologues, généralistes ou spécialistes, en l'absence de modèles analytiques modernes ont décrit des monuments funéraires ou des parois rupestres, fait connaître des espèces animales et humaines et tenté des scenarii de peuplements, leurs répartitions géographique, leurs influences et leurs métissages.

3 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:283657 Session title: Les contacts entre l'Europe et le Maghreb aux âges des métaux / Contacts between Europe and the Maghreb during the Metal Ages

Keywords: Chalcolithique; Âge du Bronze; Âge du Fer; contact culturel; Europe; Maghreb

Mots-clés: Chalcolithic; Bronze Age; Iron Age; cultural contact; Europe; Maghreb

This session aims to provide a platform for the discussion of archaeological data and theoretical frameworks relating to the subject of cultural contact between Europe and the Maghreb during the metal ages, from the beginning of the Chalcolithic to the end of the Iron Age.

Cette session a pour objectif de fournir une plate-forme de discussion sur les données archéologiques et les cadres théoriques relatifs au sujet des contacts culturels entre l’Europe et le Maghreb au cours des âges des métaux, du début du Chalcolithique à la fin de l’âge du Fer.

Session to be included in the following theme: Culture, Economy and Environment.

4 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:284759

Origin processes of the emergence of warrior societies: from inter-group conflict in Prehistory to its social roots in Proto-history.

Gabriele L. F. Berruti- University of Ferrara/ / Museo Carlo Conti di Borgosesia, Italy. [email protected]

Fernando Coimbra- Geosciences Centre of Coimbra University/ Polytechnic Institute of Tomar, Portugal. [email protected]

Davide Delfino- Ministry of Cultural heritage and Activities, Italy/ Geosciences Centre of Coimbra University, Portugal. [email protected]

Andy Reymann- Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. [email protected]

Since Prehistory inter-group conflict is widely demonstrated in many areas. In the Epipaleolithic Kenya, remains of inter group violence has been discovered in Lake Turkana. In Volos’ke, in Epipaleoltihc Ukraine, several number of violent death has been identified. In the LBK area in the Early Neolithic central Europe many examples of intergroup violence are now known in villages and collective graves; in the Iberian Levantine Neolithic some paintings in caves or rock-shelters show combats between groups of archers; in several parts of Continental Europe and in Great Britain osteo- archaeological analysis demonstrate that several individuals have been subjected to shocking evidence for violent assaults involving clubs, axes, and arrowshot, as for example in the mass grave of Eulau in Germany, dating to the Neolithic corded ware culture. The argument that such events were not uncommon in human societies all over the world can be demonstrated easily by looking at ethnographic studies as, for example, on inter group violence in traditional societies from the Americas. In Protohistoric Europe the “birth” of swords marks the appearance of the first artifacts designed exclusively as weapons of war, the flourishing of fortified settlements, especially at the end of Bronze Age, shows that the landscape is also characterized by the need for defense and control: with an ethnographic look the phenomenon of the territory organized in fortified and non-fortified settlements is also common to some traditional African cultures such as the Konso people or the Zulu kingdom. Again, the ability to organize ever more numerous groups of warriors is

5 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:286802 evident in the end of the Bronze Age in Northern Europe with the battlefield of the Tollense Valley. To this phenomenon of material evidence of the consolidation of warrior societies is added the rooting of the war in the symbolism of the elites: ostentation of weapons in funerary objects, recurrent representations in rock art, birth of the myths of the warrior heroes that flow into Iron Age. The thematic session aims to analyze in a chronological scale, which goes from the Neolithic to the Iron Age, and in a geographical scale which wishes to embrace as many continents as possible, the phenomenon of the origins of inter-group violence in Late Prehistory, following the passage from the simple signs for intergroup violence to the first 'warfare' and the emerging of the warrior as 'figure', 'class', 'specialist' or as a founding element of several protohistoric societies. Through a common dialogue between specialists from several continents working in the field of pre-protohistoric archeology, ethno-archaeology, experimental archaeology and polemology the session wants to raise new questions on the proposed topic and give space for interdisciplinary discussions.

6 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:286802 Relations between core and periphery in Pleistocene hunter-gatherer societies, South Western Asia Mae Goder-Goldberger1, Ariel Malinsky-Buller2

1Department of Bible, Archaeology and the Ancient Near East, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, [email protected] 2MONREPOS, Archaeological Research Centre and Museum for Human Behavioural Evolution, Germany, [email protected]

The extent that hunter-gatherer societies are found today within marginal eco-systems has often been explained as a result of their displacement from more favorable habitats by agricultural societies. Yet, recent studies have shown that modern hunter-gatherer population density can be correlated with abundance and stability of exploited resources, as hunter-gatherers occupy variable habitats and not necessarily those with low levels of environmental productivity (Porter and Marlowe 2007; Tallavaara et al., 2017; Cunningham et al., 2019). Extrapolating from these results, with caution, to prehistoric societies would imply that coping with environmental heterogeneity may have shaped core-periphery dynamics.

In prehistoric research traditionally the division between core and periphery is heavily constrained by environmental and physiographic dichotomies: moderate climatic regions vs semi-desert and desert ecosystems, high altitude localities vs valleys and plains. Core areas can be defined as consisting of a balanced environment and an abundance of resources. Peripheral regions are characterized by severe shifts in seasonality, a lower carrying capacity and scarcity of at least one substantial resource (i.e. water, food or raw material). These conditions make peripheral regions more vulnerable to environmental changes during climate oscillations.

Unlike models of refugium that suggest population contraction and isolation during times of climatic deterioration, here we would like to tackle issues of interaction between core and peripheral societies as complementary segments of past settlement systems and their manifestation in the archaeological record. Can the archaeological record be used to describe the nature of relations between core and periphery? Can they be characterized in terms of fission and fusion? Can demographic processes and cultural diffusion be used to explain the nature of interaction between core and peripheral populations? Can we identify the measure of influence of core-peripheral interactions on changes in subsistence patterns?

In this session we invite researchers to join us for an open discussion on core-periphery relations in association with prehistoric societies. we aim to discuss the outlined issues with a special focus on south-west Asia, a region known for its physiographic and ecologic diversity over short distances. We intend to discuss Pleistocene case studies testing notions of inter-regional connectivity between core and peripheral areas, as well as portray possible explanatory mechanisms for each of the case studies.

Cunningham, A.J., Worthington, S., Venkataraman, V.V. and Wrangham, R.W., 2019. Do modern hunter-gatherers live in marginal habitats? Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 25, pp.584- 599. Porter, C.C. and Marlowe, F.W., 2007. How marginal are forager habitats? Journal of Archaeological Science, 34(1), pp.59-68. Tallavaara, M., Eronen, J.T. and Luoto, M., 2018. Productivity, biodiversity, and pathogens influence the global hunter-gatherer population density. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(6), pp.1232-1237.

7 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:287849 On the Move: Reconsidering Human Migrations in Pre- and Protohistory

Manuel Fernández-Götz (University of Edinburgh) and Rachel Cartwright (University of Minnesota)

The archaeological study of migrations has a long and controversial history. Population movements were often seen as the main driving force of cultural change, which led to simplistic models that were sometimes manipulated for political means. After a period of being rather shunned in scholarship, in the last few decades the subject of mobility has returned to the forefront of archaeological research. While new approaches are frequently guided by scientific analysis, including studies on isotopes and ancient DNA, they need to be accompanied by a theoretical understanding of the complexity of migratory processes, their mechanisms and alternatives. This session aims to bring together papers that address the issue of human migration in prehistory and protohistory. We welcome specific case studies on certain regions and periods, but also broader overviews and papers with a focus on historiography or methodology. The aim is to gain a better understanding of human mobility in the past, a topic that can also provide insights for current discussions about migrations in our present world.

8 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:288249 Symposium proposal for theme: Technology and Economy

Mudbrick standardisation architecture; technology; adobe; professionalization, archaeometry

The production of standard-size modules for construction is a central concept of modern building: it allows to build fast and solidly (units can be prepared on beforehand in adequate quantities, and their regular size and proportions makes for strong structural bonds). The production of the units is separate from construction itself, allowing an increased specialization of the builders as well as a more efficient planning of large scale construction programs. The earliest of such modules is the rectangular mudbrick. Though hand-modeled cylindrical, conical and plano-convex mudbricks start in the 9th millennium BCE in the Old World (4th millennium BCE in America), rectangular mudbricks appear later, often coupled with the emergence of complex societies (6th millennium BCE in the Middle East, 1th millennium BCE in Mesoamerica). They are later adopted almost worldwide and continue to be used nowadays, alongside bricks and cement blocks.

To understand the adoption of standardized units of construction in different cultural contexts would thus provide relevant information on technological, economic and political aspects of early societies. Up to now, the standardisation of mudbricks has mostly been inferred from the size of mudbricks in constructions, as no evidence of molds has been reported from archaeological contexts (as far as I know). Yet rectangular mudbricks of regular size can be obtained by other ways than a (wooden) mold, with the same advantages of form. The standardization of form implies a knowledge of measuring units and geometric proportions, but only the use of the mold makes mass production possible. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a methodology to ascertain how the bricks were made, beyond the regularity of their size. Some studies apply macroscopical observation of mudbricks to evaluate mold imprints or unmolding striations, others use micromorphological analysis of differential compression marks of brick surfaces and sides and of water contents during manufacture; sometimes such studies are carried out simultaneously on experimental reproductions for comparison. Other techniques could include comparisons of mechanical properties of moldmade and handmade bricks, or ethnoarchaeological research on existing rectangular mudbrick production, which could give important evidence on how to distinguish moldmade mudbricks from rectangular cob blocks, squares cut from large clay slabs, and from blocks cut from sod or turf, or from soft stone (like laterite).

The purpose of the symposium is to invite archaeologists working with Pre- and Protohistoric societies building with regular sized mudbricks, but also ethnologists and architects interested in the production techniques of such modules, to share cross-cultural data and methodologies to study them, from historical, archaeometric and structural points of view.

9 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:288525 Standardisation des briques crues architecture, technologie, adobe, professionnalisation, archéométrie

La production d'unités de taille standard pour la construction es un concept central de l'architecture moderne: elle permet une édification rapide et solide (les unités peuvent se fabriquer à l'avance et leur taille et proportions régulières permettent des appareils solides). La production de telles unités est indépendante de la mise en œuvre, ce qui permet la spécialisation des procédés de construction et une planification plus efficiente de programmes urbains d'envergure. L'unité la plus ancienne est la brique crue rectangulaire. Les briques façonnées à la main de forme cylindrique, conique et plano-convexe sont plus anciennes, 9ième millénaire av. n. è. dans le Vieux Monde (4ième millénaire av. n. è. en Amérique); les briques rectangulaires sont plus récentes et apparaissent souvent associées à l'émergence de sociétés plus complexes (4ième millénaire av. n. è. au Moyen Orient, 1er millénaire av. n. è. en Mésoamérique). Elles sont ensuite adoptées presque dans le monde entier et employées jusqu'à nos jours, de pair avec les briques cuites et les parpaings de ciment.

Comprendre l'adoption d'unités de construction standardisées dans différentes sociétés apportera donc des informations significatives sur la technologie, l'économie et la politique des cultures anciennes. Jusqu'ici, la standardisation a surtout été inférée par la taille régulière des briques, puisqu'à ma connaissance, aucun moule en bois n'a encore été découvert dans des contextes archéologiques. Néanmoins, il est possible d'obtenir des briques rectangulaires régulières d'autres façons qu'en moule (en bois), avec les mêmes avantages pour l'appareillage. La standardisation de la taille implique une connaissance d’unités de mesure et de proportions géométriques; mais seulement le moule permet la fabrication en série. Il est pour autant important de développer une méthodologie pour définir de quelle façon les briques ont été faites, qui prenne en compte plus que leur taille. Une manière est l'observation macroscopique des parois des briques pour identifier les empreintes de moules ou les traces de démoulage, une autre l'étude micromorphologique des marques de compression différentielle sur la surface et les côtés des briques, ainsi que leur contenu d'eau au moment de la fabrication; parfois ces études sont menées de pair sur des reproductions expérimentales pour faire la comparaison. D'autres techniques incluent les tests de propriétés mécaniques de briques façonnées à la main et en moule, ou des recherches ethnoarchéologiques sur les techniques vernaculaires de production de briques rectangulaires, qui pourraient offrir des informations importantes pour distinguer les briques crues moulées de pièces rectangulaires en bauge, celles découpées dans d'épaisses couches de pâte étendues sur le sol et de blocs coupés dans le gazon ou la tourbe (sod) ou dans des roches douces (comme la latérite).

Le but du symposium est d'inviter des archéologues travaillant avec des sociétés Pré- et Protohistoriques qui construisent en briques crues régulières, mais aussi des ethnologues et des architectes intéressé(e)s dans les techniques de production de telles unités de construction, pour partager des données interculturelles et des méthodes pour les étudier à partir d'approches historiques, archéométriques et architecturales.

10 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:288525 HOLOCENE POPULATION MOVEMENTS AT THE INTERFACE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN, ATLANTIC, MAGHREB AND SAHARA

Iddir Amara 1 [email protected], Amel Chakroun [email protected], Alejandra C. Ordóñez [email protected], Jared Carballo Pérez [email protected], Thomas Perrin [email protected], Isabelle Sidéra [email protected] 1. Institut archéologie

The transition period between the late Pleistocene and the Holocene is characterized by significant climatic changes involving North Africa palaeo-environments, biodiversity and human populations. Some scientists admit that the palaeo-geography related to climatic changes involving shoreline migration may have led Late Pleistocene hunters/gatherers coastal groups to migrate towards the mainland and island territories (?). Warming episodes subsequent to this transition, alternating with humid episodes of the Middle Holocene climatic optimum, favored, new faunal assemblages and new human group settlements in the Sahara territories and the Saharan Atlas. Fluvial systems with good river flow were used for communication and traffic. During the Late Holocene, the climate environmental barrier which affected the northern Atlantic foothills, the lower pre-Saharan areas, and the neighboring ergs, caused a slow down in the trade between human groups that did not completely dissapeard while these communities adapted to past climate change. It was therefore during this period characterized by favorable climate (Early and middle Holocene) that successive waves of Epipaleolithic populations exhibiting various cultures, dispersed and hunted in the Maghreb (mouflons, antilopes, cattle, cattle, etc..) until the domestication of animals (middle Holocene). The practice of new subsistence strategies (breeding, developing domestication), included the maintenance of huntings. Pastoral activity (sheep-goat-cattle) spread unhindered and communities settled in the mountains. Holocene populations have practiced multidirectional movements in the North African territory, towards island spaces, in later periods, and to the central Sahara. The way in wich this was done is still unknown. The subject of the old settlement in these territories still rises to debates and leads to several hypotheses regarding the origin of these populations. The evidence of these movements and settlements is a comparable cultural elements collected in several sites, such as open air sites and sheltered sites (technical knowledge, lithics, ceramics, ornament, symbolic figurations, painted and engraved) and the knowledge of a large megalithic movement (middle Holocene) related with new funerary practices consisting of necropolises situated far away from habitats (funerary monuments). Through anthropological and genetic data (cemeteries), old circulation patterns can be reconstructed between the central Sahara (ancient Holocene) and the northern territories, although there are still a lot of data missing.

Keyswords : Circulations, Transition, Final Pleistocene, Holocene, Maghreb, Mediterranean, Sahara.

CIRCULATIONS DES PEUPLEMENTS HOLOCENES A L’INTERFACE DE LA MEDITERRANEE, DE L’ATLANTIQUE, DU MAGHREB ET DU SAHARA

La période de transition entre le Pléistocène final et l’Holocène est caractérisée par d’importants changements climatiques impliquant le paléo-environnement nord-africain, la biodiversité et les populations humaines. Certains scientifiques admettent que la paléo-

11 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:288569 géographie liée aux changements climatiques entraînant un changement du trait de côte provocant une migration des groupes de chasseurs/cueilleurs du Pléistocène final à migrer vers des régions continentales et plus tard vers certains territoires insulaires (?). Les épisodes de réchauffement postérieurs à cette transition, alternant avec des épisodes humides de l’Optimum climatique de l’Holocène moyen, ont favorisé de nouveaux assemblages fauniques et humains installés sur les territoires du Sahara et l’Atlas saharien. Des systèmes fluviaux bien alimentés ont été utilisé comme voies de communication et de circulation. Au cours de l’Holocène récent, la barrière climato-environnementale qui se mit en place sur les piémonts sud atlasiques, les basses zones pré-sahariennes et les ergs voisins, contribua à ralentir les échanges sans les faire disparaitre, les communautés s’adaptèrent. C’est donc durant cette période caractérisée par un climat favorable (Holocène ancien et moyen) que des vagues successives de populations Epipaléolithiques et par la suite Néolithiques se dispersèrent et chassèrent au Maghreb des gibiers ciblés (mouflons, antilopes, bovins etc.) jusqu’à l’arrivée de faunes domestiques (Holocène moyen). La mise en pratique de nouvelles conditions de subsistance (élevage, domestication en développement), impliqua le maintien de la chasse. L’activité pastorale (ovin-caprin-bovin) s’est répandue sans obstacle et les communautés se sont approprié la montagne. Les peuplements de l’holocène ont pratiqué des circulations multidirectionnelles dans le territoire nord-africain, vers les espaces – plus tardif – insulaires et le Sahara central, mais les modalités restent encore à établir. La question du peuplement ancien de ces territoires suscite toujours des débats et soulève plusieurs hypothèses relatives à la provenance de ces populations. Les témoins de circulation et de sédentarisation résultent de la mise en évidence d’éléments culturels comparables, recueillis dans de nombreux sites, en plein air et sous abris (connaissances techniques, lithiques, céramiques, parure, figurations symboliques, peintes et gravées) et la reconnaissance d’un vaste mouvement mégalithique (Holocène moyen) en relation avec de nouvelles pratiques funéraires constituant des nécropoles à l’écart des habitats (monuments funéraires). A travers les données anthropologiques et génétiques (sépultures), on parvient à reconstituer d’anciens courants de circulation entre le Sahara central (Holocène ancien-moyen) et les territoires septentrionaux. Mais de nombreuses informations manquent encore.

Mots-clés : Circulations, Transition Pléistocène final-Holocène, Maghreb, Méditerranée, Sahara.

12 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:288569 Landscapes of Movement and Predation: Indigenous Responses to Colonialism and the Archaeological Record

The movement of people across landscapes is often compelled and constrained by displacement, predation, and depopulation that must be understood at multiple scales of time, place, and geopolitics. Strategies that indigenous people have employed include, among others, voluntary isolation to seek refuge from predatory violence, creating new relationships of trade and alliance, and creating multi-ethnic communities by incorporating diverse others and reformulating identities. From this perspective, the presenters in this session seek to contribute to the understanding of indigenous responses to colonialism and how it may be informed by the archaeological record.

Key words: landscape archaeology; colonialism; servitude; identity; indigenous history; conflict

13 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:288828 Relations méditerranéennes au Néolithique

La néolithisation est, par nature, un phénomène de diffusion qui a mis en relation des régions de plusieurs continents selon des temporalités et des scenarios variés. Mais tout au long du Néolithique, entre les îles et le continent, d’un continent à l’autre et parfois très loin à travers toute la Méditerranée, les relations entre communautés sont aujourd’hui évidentes. Les analyses actuelles montrent des déplacements de matériaux, d’objets mais aussi d’animaux et d’hommes. Tous ces déplacements d’échelles et de modalités diverses entre Afrique, Europe et Proche Orient font de la Méditerranée un vaste réseau d’échanges et de relations dont les modalités de l’analyse doivent encore être réfléchies et précisées.

Cette session s’intéressera à plusieurs thèmes permettant de réfléchir à ces relations méditerranéennes : - L’évolution du trait de côte et la topographie littorale tout au long du Néolithique, - Les ensembles culturels s’étendant par-delà la mer (continent et îles par exemple), - Les évidences de déplacements (matières premières, objets, animaux, humains…), - L’exploitation des ressources distantes et la question des approvisionnements, - Les diffusions supposées de techniques et pratiques (monumentalité/mégalithisme, métallurgie…) - Les grands phénomènes de diffusion (néolithisation, phénomène campaniforme), - La question des navigations néolithiques.

Mediterranean relations in the Neolithic

Neolithization is, by nature, a phenomenon of diffusion that has linked regions of several continents according to various temporalities and scenarios. But throughout the Neolithic, between the islands and the continent, from one continent to another and sometimes very far across the Mediterranean, relations between communities are now evident. Current analyzes show displacements of materials, objects but also animals and humans. All these transfers of different scales and modalities between Africa, Europe and the Middle East make of the Mediterranean a vast network of exchanges and relations whose modalities of the analysis must still be considered and specified.

This session will focus on several themes to reflect on these Mediterranean relations: - The evolution of the coastline and the coastal topography throughout the Neolithic, - The cultural complexes extending beyond the sea (mainland and islands for example), - The evidences of displacements (raw materials, objects, animals, humans ...), - The exploitation of distant resources and the question of supplies, - The supposed spreads of techniques and practices (monumentality/megalithism, metallurgy ...) - The major phenomena of diffusion (neolithization, Bell Beaker phenomenon), - The question of Neolithic navigations.

Organisateurs - Session Organisers

Pr. Olivier LEMERCIER (university Paul Valéry – Montpellier 3, France, President of the « Neolithic Civilizations of the Mediterranean and Europe » commission) [email protected] Enrico GIANNITRAPANI (Arkeos, Enna, Sicilia, Italy) Luc JALLOT (university Paul Valéry – Montpellier 3, France) Simona TODARO (University of Catania, Sicilia, Italy)

14 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:289278 Title: Archaeology of the lithic procurement areas in the African Stone Age.

Keywords: raw materials, surveying, excavation methods, landscape occupation

Evidences of past human activity are often aggregated in specific loci and field archaeology looks for their present-day recognition. Caves and shelters have been centers of attraction for prehistoric hunter-gatherers' settlement. In their absence, open-air archaeology looks for high-density resource patches such ancient lakes or riverbanks, becoming appealing areas and landscape milestones for archaeologists.

Lithic outcrops represent one of these open-air high-density resources’ points attracting prehistoric communities and generating large areas of influence where the abundance and recurrence of human presence uses to be higher than in similar habitats without them. However, surveying, excavating and interpreting human behavior at these environments represent a serious challenge for archaeologists. Issues such as the absence of vertical distributions, the accumulation of materials from large and culturally diverse periods, the fragmentation of reduction sequences, difficulties in the application of any dating method, the quite often absence of remains other than lithics or the wide range of activities represented are common defies to face up.

Karstic environments are scarce or absent in vast regions of the African continent, and there, human activity appears horizontally dispersed through large regions. In this scenario, lithic outcrops, and their influence areas, offer a unique opportunity to study provisioning-related, tool-manufacturing or domestic occupations, providing the insights to understand long-term human adaption to specific environments.

In this session, we want to explore from different perspectives the archaeology of lithic raw material-rich areas during the Early, Middle and Latter Stone Age in Africa. Topics of interest are:

 Surveying and protocols of excavation of lithic outcrops and related human occupations.  Novel methodological approaches to disentangle long-time averaged accumulations associated to lithic provisioning areas.  Petrology, chemical characterization and mobilization of lithic resources in landscape  Dynamics of human settlement within the lithic outcrops influence areas.  Diachronic approaches to the long-term human adaptive behaviors in raw material- rich areas.

15 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:289890 ART THROUGH A CHANGING WORLD: CLIMATE INDICATORS THROUGH ROCK ART

George Nash Geosciences Centre, Coimbra University - (u. ID73-FCT), Tomar Polytechnique Institute; Instituto Terra e Memória (ITM, Portugal); 1902 Committee;

Sara Garcês Tomar Polytechnique Institute; Geosciences Centre, Coimbra University - (u. ID73-FCT), Instituto Terra e Memória (ITM, Portugal); 1902 Committee;

Luiz Oosterbeek Tomar Polytechnique Institute; Geosciences Centre, Coimbra University - (u. ID73-FCT), Instituto Terra e Memória (ITM, Portugal);

Dragoş Gheorghiu Bucharest National University of Arts, Romania; Geosciences Centre, Coimbra University - (u. ID73- FCT), Instituto Terra e Memória (ITM, Portugal);

Session Abstract

Artistic endeavour through the medium of rock art has featured within the archaeological record for at least 40,000 years. Over these 400 centuries, both hemispheres have witnessed much change in terms of climate and environment; what was once savannah in North Africa is now desert, and what was once an ice sheet covering much of northern Europe and North America is now temperate. The palaeoenvironment record has more than adequately recorded climatic and environmental change through a number of scientific and technological approaches including geochemistry, palaeobotany and archaeozoology; each discipline supported by suitable chronometric dating techniques. Despite these approaches, what of the impacts of climate change on modern humans and the dynamic landscapes in which they hunted, gathered and farmed? Although there are clear changes in material culture within the archaeological record, rock art and the landscape in which it stands can provide a more graphic narrative to changes in, say, various hunter and farmer strategies that would have changed and adapted in accordance to climate and environment change. Less noticeable but nonetheless significant are the methods and innovations employed to execute such imagery such as over-painting, superimposition and image enhancement.

This session is open to those scholars who have identified climatic change (however subtle) within the rock art narrative. Particular emphasis will be placed upon the various technologies used to show chronological sequences within the rock art narrative, from, say, hunting/fishing/ gathering to the

16 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:289959 emergence of agriculture. The session also welcomes those scholars researching in anthropology and ethnography.

Key words/phrases: image enhancement, over-painting, multiple stylisation, polysemic imagery and superimposition;

Presentation time: 20 minutes

17 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:289959 Hominins in changing environments - in search of integrative perspectives Monika Knul1 Ariel Malinsky-Buller2 1. Department of Archaeology, Anthropology and Geography, University of Winchester, United Kingdom, [email protected] 2. MONREPOS, Archaeological Research Centre and Museum for Human Behavioural Evolution, Germany, [email protected] The global expansions and resulting colonisations of Pleistocene hominins were enabled by their ability to adapt to different and continuously changing environments. These adaptations to the environment were predominantly strategies and behaviours to mitigate ecological risks. These risks are, among others, the fluctuating availability of resources and physical stress to climatic variables. Ways to minimise these risks, which could stretch from seasonal to decadal periods, would be deeply embedded in the social, technological and economic structure of hunter-gatherer groups. To be able to investigate the influence of the environment on the hunter-gatherer distributions and behaviours, the temporal and spatial scales of the different disciplines should correspond. Habitually, paleoclimate reconstructions and environmental modelling are often discussed at spatial and temporal scales that are not detailed enough studying archaeological adaptations. The archaeological explanatory frameworks are grounded in understanding decision-making processes at local spatial level, and annual or decadal temporal scales. One avenue for bridging the discrepancies of spatiotemporal scales between the disciplines is the downscaling of climatic and environmental models to a finer resolution that can provide meaningful insights into hominin behaviour. Alongside these downscaling innovations a rich plethora of methodologies have been developed over the last 20 years for the Palaeolithic research toolkit (climatic, species distribution and agent-based modelling, ancient and sediment DNA, ZooMS, isotopic analyses, trace elements etc.). However, many of these novel methods are not yet addressing behavioural questions and remain focussed on their initial applications. As a result, there is a disparity between the applications of the novel methods and their integration with “traditional” methods. Harnessing those methodologies into new holistic behavioural interpretations is necessary and this in turn will encourage the development of novel interpretive frameworks for hominin survival and adaptation. In this session we invite researchers to join us for an open discussion about the Pleistocene hunter-gatherers’ adaptations to their environments. In particular we are interested in their decision-making processes by incorporating multi-proxy (e.g. climatic, lithic, ZooMS, mobility etc.) approaches. We aim to outline the current perspective and discuss the possibilities for future directions of progress.

18 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:290881 Carinated technology in focus: Reduction strategies, tool production and lithic economy in the Upper Palaeolithic

Hannah Parow-Souchon1, Lars Anderson2, Maayan Shemer3

1 William F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research, 26 Salah ed-Din Street, 9711049 Jerusalem, Israel. Email: [email protected]

2 Université de Toulouse Jean Jaurès/UMR 5608 TRACES, France

³ Archaeological Research Department, Israel Antiquities Authorities, Israel

While not exclusive to the Early Upper Palaeolithic, carinated items are often a common shared characteristic of some of these lithic industries. Most prominently, they are considered a hallmark of some facies of the Aurignacian techno-complex. Initially defined as tools, these items were often subsumed into various categories of true burins and end-scrapers employed in the working of diverse materials. A shift towards a technological approach to these items during the 1990s and early 2000s, predominantly concerning Aurignacian assemblages from south-western France, led to the suggestion that these items were actually bladelet cores, a hypothesis that had been evoked at several points during the reign of the Bordesian typological approach. Since the initial proposition and description of the basic “carinated core” operational sequence, several studies have reconstructed the complete operational sequences of many bladelet production systems that employ variations of the carinated core concept, largely validating the technological perspective of these items. It would appear that carinated cores were used to produce, at least in some Aurignacian contexts, various forms of retouched bladelets all subsumed within the vast, and sometimes poorly defined, “Dufour” typological family.

The origin and distribution of carinated technology in time and space however is far from clear. These items are not dominant in all traditionally defined Aurignacian industries, and recent research has shown very comparable forms also in Early Upper Palaeolithic assemblages of Eastern Asia. While searching for a single origin for this concept is perhaps a fool’s errand given our poor and varying chronological and geographical resolutions of this phenomenon, one must wonder when and why such technologies were adopted and why they seem to have been so successful. What shared contexts, such as hunting or mobility strategies, favour their invention and/or widespread adoption? What does such a widespread adoption tell us about general shifts in socio-economic organizations? How diverse is this technological family? Are the bladelets produced simply used in composite projectile technologies, or are their uses more diverse? The same question can be asked of the cores themselves; can some carinated pieces be considered truly tools? Or did some items shift between the rigid “tool” and “core” classifications that prehistorians impose on their assemblages?

The purpose of this session is to collect and compare different Upper Palaeolithic carinated operational sequences around the world in order to better understand their diversity and better contextualize their seemingly widespread development and/or adoption. Original material analyses discussing operational sequences and/or the use of the products are welcome, as are cross comparative analyses focusing on the contexts in which carinated bladelet production systems develop.

19 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:290932 Understanding and accessibility of pre-and proto-historical research issues: sites, museums and communication strategies.

Davide Delfino – Polo museale del Molise - MiBACT/ Geosciences Centre of University of Coimbra, Land and Memory Institute. [email protected]

Cinta S. Bellmunt - Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES)

Pierangelo Izzo - Polo museale del Molise - MiBACT

Annarosa Di Nucci - Polo museale del Molise - MiBACT

Abstract: Since a successful thematic session carried out in the UISPP World Congress 2018, the theme of the problems related to the transmission of scientific data in archeological areas and prehistoric or protohistoric museums is proposed again. Several years UNESCO recommends to supplement and extend the application of standards and principles laid down in existing international instruments referring to the place of museums, and to their related roles and responsibilities. On the other hand, museums are increasingly linked to the research carried out on their collections and related contexts and themes: beside a proposed new definition of museums, will be discussed in the Extraordinary General Assembly of ICOM in Kyoto (9th September 2019) propose to defines the museum as “…participatory and transparent, and work in active partnership with and for diverse communities to collect, preserve, research, interpret, exhibit, and enhance understandings of the world, aiming to contribute to human dignity and social justice, global equality and planetary wellbeing.”. In this context, museums and sites are more and more the place where they meet scientific research and Heritage education, not being only a place for exhibitions. In this contemporary panorama, communication it is essential for the social role of the museums and for their reason for being.

Problems of the prehistoric and protohistoric archaeological areas and of the museums totally or partially linked to these two eras, they are linked to one hand to the temporal and cultural distance of pre and protohistoric societies respect to the average public and, to other hand, to the lack of monumentality and immediate understanding of many vestiges of the Pleistocene and Holocene in its most distant phases (Late Prehistory and Metal Ages). Critical parts of internal communication are: 1) mediate the scientific language of the researchers with a language understandable to all, but not trivial; 2) make the visit to the museum and the site an educational experience; 3) give everyone the opportunity to enjoy the educational contents, including visitors with physical and intellectual disabilities. Critical parts of external communication are: 1) involving the local community; 2) to be present in the media channels clearly, periodically and attractively with press releases and another actions (special programmer…); 3) engagement public; 4) Using different channels ((newsletters, blogs, social networks…) for different segments of the public and languages; 5) open dialogue with our stakeholders.

We invite to submit proposals to discuss these issues in a multidisciplinary meeting about archaeologists, paleoanthropologists, architects, sociologists and museographers. Suggested topics are: problems of archaeological prehistoric and proto-historic museums and sites, carrying studies case, future projects and other experience.

20 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:291105 The Neolithic burned structures

Session Organisers

Pr. Dragoş GHEORGHIU (National University of Arts, Bucharest, Romania, secretary of the « Neolithic Civilizations of the Mediterranean and Europe » commission) [email protected] Pr. Olivier LEMERCIER (university Paul Valéry – Montpellier 3, France, President of the « Neolithic Civilizations of the Mediterranean and Europe » commission) [email protected]

During the Neolithic period fire was one of the most important human instruments and its use was crucial for the emergence of agriculture. At the same time fire was a threat for the new compact dwellings that formed the sedentary communities. Among the built structures of the Neolithic of the Mediterranean, as well as of Europe and its margins, some settlements, buildings, houses, and sometimes burials, were obviously destroyed by fire. One conclusive example could be the burned settlements of the South Eastern Europe Neolithic. We can assume that the transformative process produced by the fire had both a functional and a symbolic role. The combustion of the built structures depended on the materiality of their constructive elements, as well as on their dimensions and function (i.e. their different flammable contents). Collapsed architectural elements create corridors for air-draught that can rise the temperature of combustion, which then alters in different ways the same material. Consequently the burned remains raise various questions for the archaeologist. To approach such a complex subject as the burned built structures of the Neolithic, this session will consider three methodological aspects: 1) how to excavate, study, analyze, record, and preserve the burned remains; 2) how to reproduce experimentally the processes of combustion and 3) how to infer the natural or intentional causes of the firing, and the motivations behind them.

Les structures brûlées au Néolithique

Organisateurs

Durant le néolithique le feu était l'un des instruments humains les plus importants et son utilisation fut cruciale pour l'émergence de l'agriculture. Dans le même temps, les incendies constituaient une menace pour le nouveau mode de logement compact des communautés sédentaires.

21 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:291324

Parmi les bâtiments construits au Néolithique de la Méditerranée et de l’Europe et ses marges, certains villages, bâtiments, maisons et parfois des sépultures ont été visiblement détruits par un incendie.

Un exemple probant pourrait être les villages incendiées du néolithique d’Europe du Sud-Est. On suppose que le processus de transformation produit par l'incendie a eu à la fois un rôle fonctionnel et symbolique. La combustion des structures bâties dépendait de la matérialité de leurs éléments constructifs, de leurs dimensions et de leur fonction (c'est-à-dire de leurs différents contenus inflammables). Les éléments architecturaux effondrés créent des corridors pour le tirage d'air qui peuvent augmenter la température de combustion, ce qui modifie différemment le même matériau. Par conséquent, pour l’archéologue, les restes brûlés soulèvent diverses questions.

Pour aborder un sujet aussi complexe que les structures bâties brûlées du néolithique, cette session examinera trois aspects méthodologiques: 1) comment fouiller, étudier, analyser, enregistrer et conserver les restes brûlés; 2) comment reproduire expérimentalement les processus de combustion et 3) comment déduire les causes naturelles ou intentionnelles des incendies et leurs motivations.

22 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:291324 Monuments et rites funéraires holocènes et pré-islamiques du Maghreb : Peuplements, cultures, influences.

Khadija Benlamine, Djillali Hadjouis

Résumé.

La session s'intéresse aussi bien à l'historique des monuments funéraires holocènes et pré-islamiques du Maghreb (contextes de découvertes, inventaire des sites, cartographie, typologie des monuments ...) qu'aux nouvelles découvertes de ces vingt dernières années. Le bilan com- paratif montre à quel point les nouveaux outils d'analyse ont révolutionné la recherche, tant dans l'exploration des sites que dans l'analyse de leurs objets archéologiques. En effet, les nouveaux modèles de recherche mis en place par des équipes pluridisciplinaires ont dépassé la simple description architecturale des monuments ou celle des pratiques funéraires, combien même ces dernières s'avéreront indispensables à la compréhension des sites. Parmi les nouvelles techniques de prospection, le SIG, le scanner, le balayage photographique aérien par drone ont déjà fait leurs preuves pour une meilleure compréhension de la répartition des sites en fonction du relief naturel. De même, les analyses génétiques pour la recherche des relations parentales et ancestrales (relations au sein des mêmes ensembles funéraires, endogamie, exo- gamie, gênes ancestraux) ont dépoussiéré les modèles des morphotypes humains dans le Maghreb et mis l'accent sur les influences multi-directionnelles. A l'évidence même si les apports archéologiques, archéozoologiques et anthropologiques ont été considérables pour la définition et la compréhension à la fois des cultures de peuplements et le mouvement des populations, les apports génétiques des peuplements actuels ont fiabilisé les résultats archéo-anthropologiques notamment dans le métissage de certains groupes humains du Maghreb et du Sahara dès leur néolithisation. Ainsi l'origine et les apports culturels et anthropologiques des Berbères ne seront-ils pas mieux perçus au travers de cette nouvelle lecture des Monuments et rites funéraires holocènes et pré-islamiques du Maghreb ?

Mots-clés : Maghreb, Monuments funéraires, Holocène, Imazighen, peuplements, génétique

23 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:291384 Transversality in Anthropology – Updates on methodologies, technological developments and discoveries

Organized by the Biological Anthropology UISPP Commission (Dominique Grimaud-Hervé1, President; Carlos Lorenzo2, Vice-President; Julie Arnaud3, secretary) 1UMR 7194 – HNHP, MNHN (France) - [email protected] 2Area de Prehistoria, URV, IPHES (Spain)- [email protected] 3Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, UNIFE (Italy) - [email protected]

The study of the biological aspect of ancient populations is in a constant modernization and implementation, through the improvement, application or adaptation of methodologies and most of all by the discovery of new fossils. It is no coincidence that, in recent decades, technological advances in biological anthropology have allowed us to clear some aspect of human evolution and migration.

In this context, the UISPP commission “Biological Anthropology” propose a session which embrace all the anthropological field of study to maximize the participation of anthropologist from different horizons in order to stimulate debates and arouse curiosity. In this broad range of topics, a special focus will be given to anthropological studies of North-African prehistoric populations. In this sense, we highly encourage graduate students and junior researchers to present their current research in order to update the community of anthropologists about what is going on in the anthropological sciences. Authors can send poster or oral proposal on a broad range of chronological, geographic, theoretical or methodological topics. The session might be subdivided in sub-sessions in function of the different topics proposed by the authors. You can now send your proposals for communication to the commission secretary: [email protected].

24 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:292131 Alison Pereira (École française de Rome), Valentina Villa (UMR 7194 HNHP - Musée de l’Homme)

Multidisciplinary approaches led in Lower/Middle Palaeolithic European archaeological sequences. The impressive increase of archaeological, palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental studies in Mediterranean territories over the last decade have been decisive for Middle Pleistocene studies. Recent advances in geochronology for this timescale have improved our ability to correlate various palaeoenvironmental and archaeological records with confidence and accuracy thanks to robust chronological constrains. This session aims at presenting innovative multidisciplinary approaches conducted in long archaeological records permitting to replace these sites in precise paleoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic contexts. It also aspires to bring together specialists from different disciplines (archaeology, paleontology, geomorphology, geochronology, paleolimnology, geology, … etc.) to discuss different aspects of the evolution of archaeological records in the Mediterranean basin and surrounding regions during the Middle Pleistocene.

25 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:292150 One of the most keenly debated issues in human evolutionary research concerns the African origins and dispersal of Homo sapiens. Northwest Africa is becoming an interesting African area with the occurrence of early Homo sapiens within the Middle Stone Age. In this region, several sites contain stratified sequences with exceptionally well-preserved organic remains offering rich sources of multi- proxy data for palaeoenvironmental and chronological studies.

The Northwest Africa is of key interest in the understanding of human evolution and behavioural development. A broader theme identified and could be discussed in the session concerns the nature, chronology and human associations with the cultural sub-division of the Middle Stone Age. New radiometric data move the Late Stone Age back in time to more than what it was known in North Africa. From calibrated record of AMS dates, the data of this region are compared with the global marine isotope record.

Amongst the key issues to be identified so far are: How early is the MSA and the LSA in this region, does their appearance signify the arrival of new populations ? Is there any relationship between the LSA and the late MSA ? What is the environmental context of the MSA and the LSA ? The aim of the commission is not to answer all of these questions but to stimulate further discussion and to act as an introduction to other contributions that will cover the themes described above in more detail.

26 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:293455 Interpretation of Indigenous sites in, and even objects from Australia and Oceania more broadly, has often been heavily influenced by a pre-existing research paradigm. The spaces, the values, even cultural behaviour and creativity have been models for propagating western theories on gender, identity, domesticity, hierarchies, adaptation and diet- to name a few. This session presents case studies in the historiography of archaeological sites, places or objects where the quest to expound scholarly theory has overshadowed, even denied, Indigenous people from finding contemporary connection with ancestral loci.

27 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:293583 UISPP 2020 Session: Spheroids

(Technology and Economy theme) Ella Assaf1, Gonen Sharon2 and Javier Baena3

1 Institute of Archaeology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel

2 Prehistory Laboratory, East Campus, Tel Hai College

3 Department of Prehistory and Archaeology, Campus Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain

Spheroids, or Shaped Stone Balls (SSBs), are a remarkable component in Lower Paleolithic sites worldwide. Their first appearance is in the African Oldowan industries. They are significant part of the Acheulian techno-complex and are found in Middle Paleolithic assemblages as well. Despite their prolonged study, their function, technology of production, definition and classifications, and cultural significance are all still debatable. While the study of other tool categories has seen much progress in recent decades, Spheroids remains under-studied and unexplored.

To date, studies focusing on SSBs have only scraped the surface of the great research potential inherent in them in reflecting complex technological and cultural processes. The persistence presence of spheroids in Lower Paleolithic sites worldwide reflects complex processes of social learning and cultural transmission. Their technology of production and function indicates cognitive and motor evolutionary significance, related to matters of grip, eye-hand contact and neurological capabilities. Additional research questions focus on morphology-function relations of Lower Paleolithic tools; raw materials selection and practice models as well as the role of SSB’s in the caloric intake and subsistence of Lower and Middle Pleistocene humans.

This session will be dedicated to in-depth exploration of “the spheroids phenomenon” – a look into technological, economic, cognitive, cultural and evolutionary aspects. Our goal is exploring

28 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:293809 new advances in the study of SSB’s aiming to contribute to this under-studied mysteries tool type and adding yet another important piece of the Lower Paleolithic puzzle.

List of potential topics:

 Typology, Terminology and definitions

 Raw material procurement strategies and preferences (qualities and constrains)

 Technological reconstruction of spheroid production

 Learning processes related to SSBs production

 SSBs global distribution as reflecting cultural transmission processes

 Cognitive aspects related to SSBs production

 SSBs and gripping capabilities

 Morphology-Function relations

 The role of SSBs in the caloric intake of LP humans (and their disappearance from the record)

 SSBs as reflecting African tradition in the Levant – the ‘Ubeiydia assemblage

 New methods and approaches to the study of Spheroids

29 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:293809 Thème: Evolution des Sociétés humaines de la préhistoire à la protohistoire. Session pour le XIXème Congrès Mondial de l’UISPP. Meknès, 1-6 septembre 2020 Commission Afrique du Nord Regards croisés sur l’Ibéromaurusien : perspectives comparatives sur les systèmes techniques des technocomplexes du bassin méditerranéen Crossed views on the Iberomaurusian: comparative perspectives on the technical systems of the Mediterranean technocomplexes Organisateurs : Latifa SARI Centre national de recherches préhistoriques, anthropologiques et historiques (Alger, Algérie). [email protected] Abdeljalil BOUZOUGGAR Institut National des Sciences de l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine. Rabat, Maroc. [email protected] Jean-Pierre Bracco LAMPEA - UMR 7269 / Maison Méditerranéenne des Sciences de l’Homme. Aix-en-Provence. France. [email protected]

Résumé Au cours du Pléistocène final, les deux rives de la Méditerranée assistent à une miniaturisation des technocomplexes lithiques du Paléolithique supérieur et final qui se traduit par la prolifération des armatures de projectile sur support microlaminaire devenant omniprésentes dans les habitats préhistoriques. Ce phénomène, d’ampleur universelle (cf. Kuhn & Elston, 2002), semble être lié à une orientation vers des technologies et des stratégies de chasse complexes en réponse au changement climatique intervenu à la veille du Dernier Maximum Glaciaire (23-18 ka cal BP). Les récents travaux marqués par d'énormes progrès dans l'application systématique des méthodes multidisciplinaires dans de nombreux sites clés du Maghreb (Afrique du Nord-Ouest), font état d’une émergence plus précoce qu’on ne le croyait de l’Ibéromaurusien, ensemble culturel du Paléolithique final du Maghreb caractérisé par des industries microlaminaires. Le long cycle de l’Ibéromaurusien coïncide avec de nombreux technocomplexes microlaminaires des deux rives de la Méditerrannée, tels l’Epigravettien et le Magdalénien en Europe, ainsi que le « Late Palaeolithic » de l’Egypte et l’« Epipaleolithic » du Levant. Les similarités typologiques des industries lithiques épigravettiennes de la péninsule italienne et de Sicile avec les industries ibéromaurusiennes ont été longtemps considérées comme témoins d’influences transméditerranéennes (cf. Debénath, 2003, Otte et Soler, 1997). Cependant, les données phylogénétiques récentes suggèrent pour les groupes ibéromaurusiens l’absence d’ascendance avec les populations européennes (Van de Loosdrecht et al, 2018), ce qui relance le débat de l’origine de l’Ibéromaurusien et de ses probables rapports avec les autres technocomplexes contemporains du bassin méditerranéen. Cela n’exclut pas toutefois des circulations de concepts et d’idées techniques qui doivent être pistées dans les vestiges matériels. Si les préoccupations des préhistoriens se sont d’abord orientées vers les systèmes classificatoires (typologie, morphométrie) des armatures microlithiques, bon matériau pour la construction de chronologies et la définition des cultures préhistoriques, les recherches actuelles tendent plutôt à croiser différentes approches telles que l’archéologie expérimentale et fonctionnelle, ainsi que la mise en parallèle de la variabilité de ces armatures avec les

30 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:293957 changements écologiques et économiques dans le but d’alimenter les modèles d’évolution des sociétés préhistoriques. Dans cette optique, cette session espère rassembler des spécialistes d’horizons différents, afin de susciter des discussions propices à l’émergence de réflexions convergentes sur les structures économiques caractérisant les technocomplexes microlaminaires des deux rives de la Méditerranée. La discussion focalisera sur les données recueillies sur les systèmes techniques liés à la production des armatures lithiques et osseuses (exploitation des matières premières, méthodes et techniques adoptées dans la fabrication des armatures), à leur aspect fonctionnel (éléments de projectile, couteaux de boucherie, etc…), ainsi qu’au croisement de ces données avec celles liées aux modes de subsistence. La confrontation de ces structures économiques avec celles des changements paléoclimatiques et paléoenvironnementaux va elle permettre de distinguer la présence de réponses adaptatives similaires ou plutôt indépendantes ? Les similarités observées dans les systèmes techniques reflètent elles des innovations locales ou bien sont-elles plutôt le produit de transmission culturelle par voie de migration ? Au-delà de la caractérisation des systèmes techniques, cette session se veut être une plateforme de discussion autour des comportements adaptatifs des populations préhistoriques et espère pouvoir également contribuer à enrichir la discussion sur l'origine et la propagation des technocomplexes microlaminaires dans le bassin méditerranéen.

Abstract During the terminal Pleistocene, the Upper and Final Paleolithic lithic tecnocomplexes in the two Mediterranean shores witnessed toolkit miniaturization attested by the proliferation of small chipped stone projectile points which became a ubiquitous component in the prehistoric sites. This global phenomenon (cf. Kuhn & Elston, 2002) seems to be associated with a change to complex hunting technologies and strategies in response to climate change coming with the eve of the Last Glacial Maximum (23-18 ka cal BP). Recent advances in research based on systematic application of multi-disciplinary methods carried out in several key sites from the Maghreb (Northwestern Africa), report an earlier emergence than was thought of the Iberomaurusian, a Latest Paleolithic culture of the Maghreb characterized by bladelet-based technologies. The long period of the Iberomaurusian coincides with many other technocomplexes from both sides of the Mediterranean, such as Epigravettian and Magdalenian in Europe, as well as Late Palaeolithic of Egypt and Epipaleolithic of the Levant. The similarities on typological ground of the Epigravettian lithic industries from the Italian peninsula and Sicily with the Iberomaurusian industries have long been considered as witnesses to transmediterranean influences (cf. Debénath, 2003, Otte et Soler, 1997). However, the recent phylogenetic data suggest, for the Iberomaurusian groups, the absence of ancestry with the European populations (Van de Loosdrecht et al., 2018), which revives the debate on the origin of the Iberomaurusian and its probable relations with the other contemporary technocomplexes of the Mediterranean basin. Yet, this does not exclude, circulations of concepts and technical background that must be tracked in the archaeological remains. While the concerns of the former researchers were broadly aimed at the classificatory systems (typology, morphometry) of chipped stone projectile points which are a strong component in the construction of the chronological frame and the definition of the material

31 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:293957 culture, the current researches are rather oriented towards the combination of several fields such as experimental archaelogy, use-wear analyses, as well as the establishment of parallels between the variability of chipped stone projectile points and palaoenvironemental and economic changes with the intent to provide input in the evolution patterns of the prehistoric societies. In this respect, this session aims to bring together specialists from different horizons, in order to spark discussions that might lead to the emergence of convergent thoughts on the economic structures characterizing the Late Pleistocene bladelet-based technologies from both shores of the Mediterranean. The discussion will turn towards the comparaison of the data collected on the technical systems related to the production of lithic and bone weapons (exploitation of raw materials, methods and techniques adopted in manufacture of these weapons), their functional properties (projectile points, butcher knives, etc…), as well as the combination of these data with the subsistence strategies. Will the comparison of these economic structures with the palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental changes reveal the existence of similar or rather independent adaptive responses? Do the similarities observed in the technical systems reflect local innovations or are they rather the product of cultural transmission by means of migratory routes? Beyond the characterization of the technical systems, this session aims to provide a platform to discuss on adaptive behaviors of the human populations and further hopes to contribute to enrich the issue on the origin and the proliferation of the bladelet-based technologies in the Mediterranean basin.

Mots clés Méditerranée occidentale, systèmes techniques, armatures, Pléistocène final.

Références bibliographiques Debénath, A. (2003). Le Paléolithique supérieur du Maghreb. Praehistoria, 3, pp. 259–280. Kuhn S.L, Elston R.G. (2002). Thinking Small Globally. In R.G. Elston., Kuhn, S.L. (Eds.), Thinking Small: Global Perspectives on Microlithization (pp. 1-7). Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association, Arlington 12. Otte, M., Soler, N. (1997). Contact trans-méditerranéens au Paléolithique. In J.M. Fullola, (Ed.), El Mon Mediterrani Després Del Pleniglacial (18.000-12.000BP)(pp. 29–39). Sèrie Monografica. Museu d’Arqueologia de Catalunya, Girona ; Van de Loosdrecht, M., Bouzouggar, A., Humphrey, L., Posth, C., Barton, N., Aximu-Petri, A., Nickel, B., Nagel, S., Talbi, E.H., El Hajraoui, M.A., Amzazi, S., Hublin, J.-J., Pääbo, S., Schiffels, S., Meyer, M., Haak, W., Jeong, C., Krause, J. (2018). Pleistocene North African genomes link Near Eastern and sub-Saharan African human populations. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar8380.

32 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:293957 XIXe CONGRES DE L’UNION INTERNATIONALE DES SCIENCES PREHISTORIQUES ET PROTOHISTORIQUES (UISPP)

University Moulay Ismail University Faculty of Sciences - Meknes Meknes (Morocco) September 1-6, 2020

PROPOSITION

SESSION : Archéologie et sciences connexes en Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre : Apports et perspectives.

JUSTIFICATION :

La présente session « Archéologie et sciences connexes en Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre : apports et perspectives » veut montrer la contribution de l’archéologie préhistorique et protohistorique dans la connaissance des dynamiques de peuplement des différentes sociétés humaines en Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre. Les recherches (prospections, fouilles et études de laboratoire) ont identifié sur bien des sites des témoins matériels définissant des territoires de peuplement, y identifiant des sociétés depuis celles des chasseurs-cueilleurs du Paléolithique jusqu’à la protohistoire. Les investigations menées sur les différentes périodes, ainsi que les nouvelles approches archéo-stratigraphiques et techno-économiques, ont mis en évidence des adaptations et des changements des sociétés dans des milieux aux particularismes géographiques et environnementaux spécifiques. Ces données nous autorisent à dresser un bilan des découvertes de ces deux dernières décennies. Un bilan qui se veut la contribution de la session à la discussion du thème général du congrès « Evolution des sociétés humaines de la préhistoire à la protohistoire » à travers les sous- thèmes suivants :

S1 : Période préhistorique S2 : Période protohistorique S3 : Archéologie et archéométrie S4 : Archéologie et histoire S5 : Archéologie et tradition orale S6 : Archéologie et environnement S7 : Datation

Mots clés : Archéologie, archéométrie, archéo-stratigraphie, datation, environnement, fouilles, peuplement, prospections, territoire, tradition orale

Contacts pour la Session:

Kouassi Siméon Kouakou, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, [email protected] Abdoulaye Camara, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, [email protected]

33 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:295204

Prehistoric occupations on river archives

Telmo Pereira ([email protected]) Instituto Politécnico de Tomar, Portugal Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa, Portugal Instituto Terra e Memória, Portugal Centro de Geociências, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal UNIARQ, Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal

Sara Cura ([email protected]) Museu de Arte Pré-Histórica de Mação, Portugal Instituto Politécnico de Tomar, Portugal Instituto Terra e Memória, Portugal Centro de Geociências, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal

David R. Bridgland ([email protected]) Department of Geography, Durham University, United Kingdom

Mark White ([email protected]) Department of Archaeology, Durham University, United Kingdom

Key words: Prehistory; Fluvial deposits; Human record; River archives

Fossilized and active river deposits cover major areas of the continental surface of the Planet. These deposits hold some of the most relevant keys of the human past. Since they are abundant, scaled and stratified they represent one of the richest archives of ancient human records. Despite many of the assemblages are not pristine, their position in the original geological and geomorphological context make them reliable to infer human occupation. Often, the combination of fluvial, eolian and volcanic dynamics allows the preservation of remarkable human behavior. It is possible to understand with great accuracy the formation processes of these sites. This can be achieved, namely, by integrating independent disciplines, methods, and techniques such as archaeology, geomorphology and sedimentology and absolute dates. Ultimately, it is also possible to infer with great detail the reliability and meaning of the prehistoric record. In this session, we will gather researchers working on fluvial and alluvial deposits to refine approaches, protocols, and methodologies in the scope of human and environmental past for the remaining 21st Century.

34 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:295267 LOWER PALAEOLITHIC ACROSS TIME AND SPACE: what we are talking about?

Marta Arzarello* & Marie-Hélène Moncel**

*Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimentimento Studi Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche - C.so Ercole I d’Este 32 - 44121 Ferrara (IT). [email protected]

**Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, DR CNRS - UMR 7194 Département Hommes et Environnement - 1 Rue René Panhard - 75013 Paris (FR). [email protected]

The Lower Palaeolithic is commonly considered as a long period, from the earliest evidences of a lithic production (at around 3.3 Ma) to the apparition of the Levallois core technology (at around 0,3 Ma). Different Hominins (Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo rudolfensis, Homo ergaster, Homo erectus, Homo heidelbergensis….) existed together or successively as well as several “cultural traditions” (for instance Oldowan and Acheulean). If we also consider the geographical extension, different Lower Palaeolithic expressions existed in Africa, Asia and Europe. According to countries, what is described as the Lower Palaeolithic differs as well. Starting from this idea of mosaic features, the session “LOWER PALAEOLITHIC ACROSS TIME AND SPACE: what we are talking exactly about?”, organized by the “Lower Palaeolithic” UISPP commission, aims to investigate the variability of the Lower Palaeolithic across time and space raising questions such as: (1) were there common trends through the whole Lower Palaeolithic?; (2) what is the degree of influence of the raw materials in the Lower Palaeolithic variability?, (3) can we define a cultural tradition if related to different Hominins?, (4) can we identify phenomena of convergence during the Lower Palaeolithic?

35 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:295930 XIXe CONGRES DE L’UNION INTERNATIONALE DES SCIENCES PREHISTORIQUES ET PROTOHISTORIQUES (UISPP)

University Moulay Ismail University Faculty of Sciences - Meknes Meknes (Morocco) - September 1-6, 2020

COMMISSION SCIENTIFIQUE: Politiques du patrimoine archéologique et structures de gestion

SESSION: Recherche, analyse de risques et préservation des sites malacologiques

Justification:

Les mollusques marins sont présents en quantité et en diversité sur presque toutes les côtes dans le monde. Sous forme de dépôts naturels ou d’amas artificiels (objet de cette session), les coquilles témoignent d’une source d’approvisionnement alimentaire disponible et renouvelable lorsque l’environnement est propice.

Différentes disciplines scientifiques (archéologie, archéomalacologie, archéozoologie, archéoconchyliologie, ethnoarchéologie…) se consacrent à l’étude des mollusques et de leurs rapports avec l’Homme dans l’histoire.

Des recherches, sur les amas fossiles ou récents, ont permis de mieux comprendre l’évolution des habitudes alimentaires des sociétés responsables des sites malacologiques, de documenter les traditions culturelles et cultuelles.

La session sur « Recherche, analyse de risques et préservation des sites malacologiques » permet la présentation des dernières recherches (repérages, fouilles, analyses de laboratoire, datations) ; des investigations qui ont permis de comprendre les méthodes de collecte, de préparation, de consommation qui ont donné les sites malacologiques ; des sites riches d’un patrimoine matériel et immatériel, où des activités socio-économiques peuvent perturber leur gestion.

Mots clés: Amas coquilliers, archéologie, archéomalacologie, archéozoologie, analyse de risques, archéoconchyliologie, datations, ethnoarchéologie, estuaire, gestion durable, littoral, malacologie, mollusques, patrimoine, préservation, traditions

Contacts pour la Session:

Erika Robrahn Gonzalez, Documento Institut, Brésil [email protected]

Abdoulaye Camara, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal [email protected]

Larbi BOUDAD, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc [email protected]

36 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:296376 L’humanité face aux changements climatiques : des origines au début des temps historiques

Depuis les origines de la recherche préhistorique, les variations du climat et ses influences sur les peuplements des premières humanités sont apparues aux pionniers de l’archéologie préhistorique non seulement comme une évidence mais aussi comme la preuve de l’ancienneté de l’Humanité. Edouard Lartet découvre en 1864 lors de ses fouilles de l’abri-sous-roche de La Madeleine en Périgord, un mammouth gravé sur un fragment d’ivoire de défense de mammouth. Il démontre ainsi la cohabitation de l’espèce humaine avec une espèce disparue vivant sous un climat glaciaire. A la fin du XIX° siècle, les découvertes de faunes froides et chaudes se multiplient montrant que l’Humanité a du faire face avec succès à des changements climatiques importants révélant l’alternance de périodes glaciaires et interglaciaires. Au début du XX° siècle, les travaux de glaciologie de Penck et Brückner (1901-1909) sur les vestiges de moraines de front de glaciers dans les Alpes, mettent en évidence pour la première fois la succession des périodes glaciaires nommées Würm, Riss, Mindel, Gunz. Les recherches s’étendent aux rivières et aux fleuves, qui, par l’alternance climatique, par alluvionnement ou surcreusement, créent des vallées aux terrasses étagées, prouvant ainsi l’ancienneté des découvertes de Casimir Picard et de Boucher de Perthes dans la vallée de la Somme entre 1830 et 1860. Il n’est donc pas étonnant de constater que les préhistoriens soient devenus les premiers paléoclimatologues de l’histoire des Sciences. Les carottages spectaculaires dans les glaciers du Groenland et du continent antarctique, ne doivent pas faire oublier les nombreuses autres méthodes de reconstitution du climat, qui permettent de construire des courbes de paléo-température, de paléo-précipitations et/ou d’autres courbes encore : séquences de lœss et de sols fossiles (en périphérie des inlandsis), séquences de sable et de sols fossiles (en zones désertiques), carottages océaniques et méditerranéens (à partir de l’inventaire des espèces à squelette minéral, comme les foraminifères ou les coccolithophoridés, particulièrement sensibles aux variations de température des océans), séquences de remplissage d’abri-sous-roche et de grottes, carottages dans les sédiments des lacs volcaniques (maars), des lacs de montagne, des marais (tourbières) pour en extraire les pollens, l’altitude des lignes de rivage fossiles, etc. La paléoclimatologie moderne est née dans les années 1970, avec la multiplication des carottages profonds. Cette nouvelle science est multidisciplinaire car s’y rencontrent l’ingénierie des carottages profonds (venant de l’industrie pétrolière), les prélèvements (bulles d’air, pollens, fossiles, etc.), les déterminations d’espèces fossiles, les mesures isotopiques (pour la courbe O18/O16), géochimiques (oxygène, azote et CO2 des bulles d’air) et de susceptibilité magnétique, les datations absolues (pour synchroniser les séquences), le traitement du signal (pour comparer les courbes obtenus en traitant la sédimentation différentielle et les lacunes), les traitements statistiques (pour calculer les fonctions de transfert), la modélisation mathématique (modèle de circulation atmosphérique, de transition climatique, etc.). Certaines de ces méthodes permettent de construire seulement des courbes de paléo-température. C’est le cas notamment des carottages glaciaires (courbe O18/O16). D’autres permettent de construire aussi des courbes de paléo-précipitations, qui sont encore plus utiles pour le peuplement préhistorique car l’humidité favorise la croissance de la végétation dont la faune des herbivores se nourrit, faune que les prédateurs (carnivores et chasseurs) consomment. C’est le cas des espèces fossiles animales et végétales, pour lesquelles les analyses multidimensionnelles permettent de mettre en évidence des axes de température et des axes d’humidité à partir desquelles sont construites les paléo-courbes (pollens, foraminifères, etc.).

37 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:296517 Pour les chasseurs-cueilleurs, durant le dernier million d’années du Pléistocène, la présence dans une région géographique, la localisation des sites archéologiques, le territoire de déplacement des groupes humains, la gestion des ressources alimentaires durant le cycle annuel, la culture matérielle (industrie lithique, industrie sur os, ivoire et bois de cervidés), l’art animalier figuré (comme au Sahara), le franchissement ou non de cols et de détroits, sont autant d’informations qui permettent de mettre en évidence l’adaptation des groupes humains aux changements climatiques. Pour les agriculteurs/éleveurs, les variations climatiques des derniers douze mille ans de l’Holocène furent nombreuses : holocène ancien chaud et humide, évènement froid 8200 BP, évènement aride 4200 BP, événement aride 2400 BP, optimum empire romain (200 av. J.C. – 400 ap. J.C.), optimum climatique médiéval (X°-XII° siècle), petit âge glaciaire (XIII° - XIX° siècle). Ces variations eurent des conséquences considérables pour les sociétés sédentaires agro-pastorales : désertification du Sahara, émigration du Moyen-Orient et néolithisation de l’Europe, abandon de l’agriculture pour le pastoralisme, aménagement du paysage pour l’irrigation (bassins de retenue du Nil, canaux d’irrigation en Asie centrale et en Mésopotamie, drainage des deltas, mise en terrasses des versants montagneux). La nécessité de ces travaux communautaires est sans doute à l’origine des premières étatisations des sociétés. Mais ces structures encore fragiles furent également victimes d’épisodes froids et arides à l’origine d’effondrements comme pour les épisodes à 8200 BP et 4200 BP.

Ce sont les études des relations entre les sociétés humaines depuis les origines jusqu’aux temps historiques qui font l’objet de la session proposée au XIX° congrès UISPP (Meknès, Maroc)

Humanity facing climate change : from the origins to early historical times

Since the origins of prehistoric research, variations in climate and its influences on the peopling of the early humanities have appeared to the pioneers of prehistoric archaeology not only as an evidence but also as the proof of the earliest age of humanity. Edouard Lartet discovered in 1864 during his excavations of the rock-shelter of La Madeleine in Perigord, a mammoth engraved on a fragment of ivory tusk of mammoth. It thus demonstrates the cohabitation of the human species with an extinct species living under a glacial climate. At the end of the 19th century, discoveries of cold and warm faunas have multiplied, showing that humanity had to successfully cope with significant climate changes revealing the alternation of glacial and interglacial periods. At the beginning of the 20th century, the glaciology work of Penck and Brückner (1901-1909) on the remains of glacier front moraines in the Alps, highlight for the first time the succession of ice ages called Würm, Riss, Mindel, Gunz. The research extends to rivers, which, due to alternating climates, by siltation or over-digging, create valleys with terraces, thus proving the very old age of the discoveries of Casimir Picard and Boucher de Perthes in the Somme Valley between 1830 and 1860. It is not surprising, then, that prehistorians became the first paleoclimatologists in the history of science. The spectacular cores in the glaciers of Greenland and the Antarctic continent should not overshadow the many other methods of climate reconstruction, which allow the computation of palaeo-temperature curves, palaeo-precipitation curves or other curves: sequences of lœss and fossil soils (on the periphery of ice sheets), sand sequences and fossil soils (in desert areas), oceanic and Mediterranean cores (from the inventory of mineral-skeletal species, such as foraminifera or coccolithoforids, particularly sensitive to changes in ocean temperature), stratigraphic sequences of rock-shelters and caves, cores in volcanic lake sediments (maar), in mountain lakes, in marshes (bogs) to extract pollen, altitudes of fossil shore lines, etc.

38 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:296517

Modern palaeoclimatology was born in the 1970s, with the multiplication of deep cores. This new science is multidisciplinary using deep core engineering (from the oil industry), sampling (air bubbles, pollens, fossils, etc.), fossil species determinations, isotopic measurements (for the O18/O16 curve), magnetic susceptibility measurements, geochemical measurements (oxygen, nitrogen and CO2 of air bubbles), absolute dating (to synchronize sequences), signal processing (to compare curves obtained having differential sedimentation and gaps), statistical treatments (to calculate transfer functions), mathematical modeling (atmospheric circulation model, climate transition model, etc.). Some of these methods allow only constructing palaeo-temperature curves. This is particularly the case for ice sheet cores (O18/O16 curves). Others allow also the construction of palaeo-precipitation curves, which are even more useful for prehistoric peopling because humidity increases the growth of vegetation that feeds on herbivorous fauna, wildlife predators (carnivores and hunters) consume. This is the case for animal and plant fossil species, for which multidimensional analyses allow to highlight temperature axe and humidity axe from which palaeo-curves are built (pollens, foraminifera, rodents, etc.). For hunter-gatherers, during the last million years of the Pleistocene, the peopling in a geographical region, the location of archaeological sites, the territory of traveling of human groups, the food resource management during the annual cycle, the material culture (lithic industry, bone, ivory and deer wood industry), figurative animal art (as in the Sahara), the crossing or not of passes and straits, are all information that helps to highlight the adaptation of human groups to climate changes. For farmers/breeders, the climatic variations of the last twelve thousand years of the Holocene were numerous: hot and humid early Holocene, 8200 BP cold event, 4200 BP arid event, 2400 BP arid event, optimum of the Roman empire (200 BC – 400 AC), medieval climatic optimum (10th-12th century), small ice age (13th - 19th century). These variations had considerable consequences for sedentary agro-pastoral societies: desertification of the Sahara, emigration from the Middle East and neolithization of Europe, abandonment of agriculture for pastoralism, landscaping for irrigation (Nile reservoirs, irrigation canals in Central Asia and Mesopotamia, drainage of deltas, terraces of mountain slopes, etc.). The need for such a community work is probably at the origin of the first state ownership of societies. But these still fragile structures were also victims of cold and arid episodes that caused collapse as for the 8200 BP and 4200 BP episodes. It is the studies of the relationship between human societies from the origins to the historical times which are the subject of the proposed session at the 19th UISPP Congress (Meknes, Morocco)

39 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:296517 Computational Prehistory and Protohistory

F. Djindjian, P. Moscati, K. Biro

Abstract

The session is dedicated to communications delivering applications of computers to problem solving in prehistory and protohistory : archaeological process management, archaeological information systems, statistical analyses, multidimensional data analysis, GIS, 3D, graph theory applications, mathematical modeling, artificial intelligence, multi-agent systems, etc.

The session is organized by the commission “Archaeological methods and theory”.

40 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:296526 Post-modern archaeology versus neo-processual archaeology : the debate

François Djindjian

More than 30 years after, it is the time to analyze and debate the contributions, specificities and limits of post-modern archaeology appeared in the nineties. It will be also the place for discussing alternatives like neo-processual archaeology or others which have proposed to reinvent a formalized archaeology after having corrected the defects of new archaeology.

The session is organized by the commission “Archaeological methods and theory”.

41 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:296530 Prehistoric sickles worldwide: techno-typology, hafting, function, cultural aspects, and symbolism

Katia Zutovski, PhD student a, Prof. Avi Gopher a, Prof. Richard Yerkes b, Prof. Yoshihiro Nishiaki c a Department of Archaeology and Near Eastern Cultures, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Email: Zutovski: [email protected]; Gopher: [email protected] b Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, U.S.A. Email: [email protected] c University Museum, The University of Tokyo. Email: [email protected]

Sickles and sickle blades have been at the center of agricultural practices for over 10,000 years. They appeared earlier around 15,000 years before our time, at the end of the Epipalolithic period, and remain a useful and important tool almost to this day. Most sickles were composed of a bone or wooden grooved haft with flint (stone) cutting inserts (sickle blades), fixed inside the haft with adhesives. While flint inserts are found on many sites, the bone or wooden sickles are quite rare. Therefore, for many periods, sickle morphology must be deduced from the characteristics of stone inserts, remains of adhesives, and microwear analyses.

The size, shape, and material of the haft, the shape and design of the inserts, the way inserts were attached to the haft, the type of adhesive used - were all in constant change reflecting adaptations to many different factors. Considering the large number of variables affecting sickle morphology and design (e.g., raw material, type of blanks, hafting mode, adhesives used, growing efficiency in harvesting techniques, type of plants, dry vs. green plants, field density, stalks height and thickness, gender and age of the harvester, cultural and symbolic aspects, and more), several research lines from different disciplinary fields were engaged in an attempt to give a more particular answer to the question of changes in the form of sickle inserts. We therefore propose to hold a multidisciplinary workshop-session focusing on raw materials, techno-typology, experimental harvests and function, ethnography and botany. A holistic approach via a collaboration of researchers from different disciplines is needed for a better understanding of the sickle, its production, use, and relationship with man and culture.

42 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:296989 An effort will be made to organize a display of various sickles from different contexts worldwide. We intend to publish the lectures and posters presented during the workshop as a special issue of a peer-reviewed journal.

43 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:296989

UISPP 2020 MEKNES - EVOLUTION OF THE HUMAN SOCIETIES OF PREHISTORY TO PROTOHISTORY

Session Proposal RECONSTRUCTING SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL DYNAMICS FROM THE SAHARA TO MEDITERRANEAN AFRICA DURING THE HOLOCENE Giulio Lucarini, Jörg Linstädter, Youssef Bokbot, Joshua Emmitt, Maria Carmela Gatto

In the framework of the general theme proposed by the UISPP for its 19th World Congress, the Commission “Art and Civilisations of the Sahara during Prehistoric Times” intends to focus on human groups and societies during the Holocene, in the vast territory ranging from the Sahara to the Mediterranean coast, and from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea. The aim of this session is to emphasize the possibilities of reconstructing Holocene socio-economic and cultural dynamics through new approaches in anthropological theory, landscape surveys, excavation of open-air and cave sites, and in the analysis of rock art contexts. Particular attention will be devoted to the ways in which the archaeological record can provide information that are relevant to the sphere of social groups. Dynamics of change that started at the beginning of the Holocene can be reconstructed by combining different theoretical and scientific approaches in the investigation of domestic, funerary and ritual contexts, economic activities, technological innovations, which can draw inferences about socio-economic structures, demography, symbolic, and identity behaviours. We particularly welcome the participation of colleagues working on palaeoeconomic reconstructions; analysis of ceramics and lithics; demographic modelling; DNA analysis; bioarchaeological and food-related studies; mobility and identity; complexity and power. Rock art contributions will integrate such information, providing the first representations of individuals in a societal framework. We welcome not only reconstructions of socio-economic and cultural dynamics applied to freshly excavated materials/samples, but also those that use legacy data. th th As we did for the sessions organized by our Commission for the 17 and 18 UISPP Congresses respectively held in Burgos (2014) and Paris (2018), it is our intention to publish the proceedings of this session as a special issue volume in an international peer-reviewed journal. Our UISPP Commission also intends to offer a scholarship to one M.A. or Ph.D. student from an African country who wishes to present a paper in this session, to cover travel and accommodation expenses. Information about the application procedure will follow.

Organizers and contact Giulio Lucarini (Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council of Italy; Dept. of Asian, African and Mediterranean Studies, University of Naples L’Orientale) [email protected] Jörg Linstädter (KAAK, Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Bonn, Germany) Youssef Bokbot (Institut National des Sciences de l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine, Rabat, Morocco) Joshua Emmitt (School of Social Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand) Maria Carmela Gatto (American University in Cairo, Egypt)

44 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:297048

Submission for a session in XIX UISPP World Congress, Meknes

Archaeometry of prehistoric and protohistoric stone, metal, ceramics and glass

The Commission presents a proposal for a session covering all aspects of analytical approaches applied to the study of archaeological finds of stone, metal, ceramics and glass. Materials of all periods from Prehistory to the medieval protohistoric cultures and civilizations will be taken into consideration. Special attention will be given to the quality of analytical performances. Special cases on how general problems concerning the various materials can be solved by applying diverse analytical methodologies, case studies on ancient quarries, the production of stone artifacts from various contexts, researches on mining, analyses of smelting remains, metal finds, metal workshop remains, ceramics of all kinds and periods, and researches on glass production, glass workshops, glass objects and coloring of glass will be collected and presented in different sections. A further aim of this session is to share the latest results and experiences that can provide useful information, the comparison of several methods and technologies, and the possibilities of standardization of test and database protocols.

45 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:297070 Dynamics of hunter-gatherers in the western Mediterranean: Southern Europe and North Africa between 18,500-10,000 cal. BP

Cristina Real and Margarita Vadillo Conesa

The research of hunter-gatherer societies in the Mediterranean biogeographical region covers a wide territory, but with diverse ecosystems, from southern France, the Iberian Peninsula, through Italy and northern Tunisia-Morocco. In each of these areas, there are different research traditions with distinct methodologies that often prevent comparisons between the results. This research tradition has also focused on defining cultural characteristics at the regional level, that has resulted in varied nomenclatures (eg. Badegoulian-Magdalenian-Epigravettian- Iberomaurusian; Epipalaeolithic-Epimagdalenian-Azilian) used to name the latest Palaeolithic technocomplexes and human groups of the same chronology.

Thus, we raise the following questions about inter-regional differences:

The differences that a priori exist between the diverse territories may be a consequence of the research tradition and / or the methodologies used. If this were the case, the existence of possible similarities between the territories should be considered.

If, on the contrary, we admit that the differences observed are not related to the research tradition or methodology, we should ask ourselves why these differences occur.

1- Which are the studies used to define the human groups at the regional level (lithic industry, fauna, flora, territory, art, burials...)?

2- How do climate changes or different ecosystems affect human groups in each region? Are there similar adaptive processes?

3- How do the different previous cultural traditions influence the development of human groups in Africa and in Europe in this chronology?

These questions form the starting point to establish a common methodology of study, capable of assessing if there is a process of regionalization on those dates of the Upper Palaeolithic and if the existence of common features between the territories can be formulated. The session aims to be a platform for viewing and discussing the results obtained in the different fields of research that support the study of hunter gatherers between 18,500-10,000 cal. BP in the Mediterranean biogeographical region. Therefore, in the face of the increasing specialization of research projects, we propose an effort of synthesis of an interdisciplinary nature. In this sense, we invite you to present works that show the dynamics of human groups, connecting the main axes of study: resources (biotic and abiotic), technology, paleoenvironment, symbolism, settlement / occupation patterns. All this included in an updated radiocarbon chronology, which allows to establish a common chronological framework for the different regions.

46 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:297181 47 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:297181 Caravans existed for millennia crossing mountains and deserts, supposedly organized on a domestic or village level in most prehistoric periods. Not only were they relevant for transporting goods, but also for spreading information and connecting people and cultures over great distances. Over the millennia, the modes of caravanning been modified according to a more or less centralized political and economic organization. Relevant is the existence that most caravan routes exhibit art features for different purposes, a trait that requires some explanation.

A wide range of colonial documents deal with the descriptions of caravans, but archaeological evidence is scarce because nomadic life leaves only ephemeral traces other than numerous trails that cover the mountains. Thus, ethno-archaeological studies have been the most appropriate approach to reason by analogy for prehistoric caravanning. Especially in the South-Central Andes, certain case studies present different local patterns but all combine with the general aspects of caravanning.

Focal points for comparisons are: a) reasons for herding/caravanning in the different areas, b) role of rock art in the planning of caravan routes; c) the relation of man and transport animal and the respective environment, d) socio-political organization of caravans in relation to economic systems.

48 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:297399 Session proposal

Sèbastien PLUTNIAK, Alessandro GUIDI

Title

Old excavations, new data: the use of archives and of original documentation in current archaeological research projects

Organizers

Sébastien Plutniak, Alessandro Guidi

Commission

History of Archaeology

Aim

For thirty years now, the history of archaeology has been a growing field of investigation, constituting a set of studies based on rigorous historical methods and archival materials, organising a community and research programs (Schnapp et al. 2007). These empirical (i.e. archive-based) investigation strengthened the interest for the production, conservation, dissemination and re-use of the documents produced by past archaeologists, including notes, field documentation, materials from museums storehouses (Merriman & Swain 1999). In return, this aroused a new interest by the archaeologists themselves in the archive of the discipline, not only to get a better understanding of its history, but also to use (and digitalize) the archival materials as a source of archaeological data, sometimes complementing the re-excavation of the sites (Rondini & Zamboni 2016). This renewed interest is parallel to the current concern about open science and (digital) data-reuse in archaeology (Kansa & Kansa 2013) . Several recent research projects had given a crucial role in the study and re-use of ancient archaeological documentation. Examples include, the investigation led at the Abri Pataud prehistoric shelter in Southern France (Nespoulet & Chiotti 2007), at the rediscovered Moulin Quignon site in Northern France (Antoine et al. 2019) or at Niah’s Cave in north Borneo, Malaysia (Barker et al. 2013).

This session will welcome papers presenting other case-studies of archaeological projects integrating an in-depth use of archive materials. Authors are invited to address issues such as: 1) the scientific use of archival information: how the data from past research are integrated in the current production of knowledge ? 2) the organisation of research projects: who led the projects, and what division of labour between archaeologists, historians or archivists are at stake? 3) publication policy: to which audience (scientific, laypeople) and in which journals the results of projects combining new and old archaeological data are addressed?

Session organisation

Papers for this session have to be sent to the organizers by the 30 June 2020. They will be distributed between the session’s participants: at the Meknes conference, each participant will be asked to present his paper and to briefly discuss another participant’s paper. The publication of the session is planned after the conference.

49 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:297583 References

ANTOINE P., MONCEL M.-H., VOINCHET P., LOCHT J.-L., AMSELEM D., HÉRISSON D., HUREL A. & BAHAIN J.-J. 2019. “The earliest evidence of acheulian occupation in northwest europe and the rediscovery of the Moulin Quignon site, Somme valley, France”, Scientific Reports, 9. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49400-w.

BARKER G., DALY P., COLE F., LLOYD-SMITH L., PIPER P.J., RABETT R.J. & SZABÓ K. 2013. “Archaeological investigations in the Niah caves, 1954–2004”, in : BARKER G. (ed.), Rainforest foraging and farming in Island Southeast Asia: The archaeology of the Niah caves, Sarawak. Volume 1. Cambridge, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, p. 29-70.

KANSA E.C. & KANSA S.W. 2013. “We all know that a 14 is a sheep: Data publication and professionalism in archaeological communication”, Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies, 1, 1 : 88-97. DOI: 10.1353/ema.2013.0007.

MERRIMAN N. & SWAIN H. 1999. “Archaeological archives: Serving the public interest?”, European Journal of Archaeology, 2, 2 : 249-267. DOI: 10.1179/eja.1999.2.2.249.

NESPOULET R. & CHIOTTI L. 2007. “1953-2004 : la collection Movius de l’abri Pataud (les Eyzies-de-Tayac, Dordogne)”, in : ÉVIN J. (ed.), Un siècle de construction du discours scientifique en préhistoire. XXVIe congrès préhistorique de France, Congrès du centenaire de la Société préhistorique française. Paris, Société préhistorique française, p. 185-196.

RONDINI P. & ZAMBONI L. 2016. Digging Up Excavations. Processi di ricontestualizzazione di ‘vecchi’ scavi. Esperienze, problemi, prospettive, Atti del Seminario (Pavia, 15-16 gennaio 2015). Roma, Quasar Edizioni.

SCHNAPP A., SCHLANGER N., LÉVIN S. & COYE N. 2007. “Archives de l’archéologie européenne (AREA)”, Les nouvelles de l’archéologie, 110.

50 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:297583 Remote Sensing for Endangered Archaeology: Encountering Human and Environmental Causes

Across time, large parts of the world’s shared archaeological heritage (monuments, sites and landscapes) have been affected by damage, destruction or looting in the face of development, economic growth and conflicts. In recent decades, the threat of unintended ‘collateral damage’ has been exacerbated by intensive agriculture, urban or rural development, global warming and extreme climatic episodes, earthquakes, flooding and landslides, looting and deliberate destruction.

The aim of this session will be to gather information from around the world about the potential and limitations (both practical and political) of using remote sensing approaches (from space, air and ground) to map, investigate, monitor and preserve cultural heritage sites and landscapes that have been and are under threat. Discussion will focus on methods of documenting, mapping, managing and above all monitoring heritage assets that can help in measuring and evaluating losses and transformations related to our cultural heritage assets. A key focus for the future will lie in the definition and implementation of strategies for the analysis and sharing of information through open access publications, websites, freely circulated data sets and related means of dissemination.

51 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:297623 “Acheulean gaps” in Africa between ~1.3 and ~1.0/0.7 Ma: questioning the absence during a key-period of human evolution

Session organizers: Rosalia Gallotti1,2, Jean-Paul Raynal2,3, Abderrahim Mohib4, David Lefèvre1

1Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, CNRS, UMR 5140 Archéologie des sociétés méditerranéennes, Campus Saint Charles, 34199 Montpellier (France) 2Université Bordeaux 1 UMR 5199 PACEA-PPP, Bâtiment B18 allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire CS 50023 F - 33615 Pessac Cedex (France) 3 Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig (Germany) 4Centre d’interprétation du Patrimoine du Gharb, Direction provinciale de la Culture, Quartier administratif, Bd Mohamed V, Kenitra (Morocco)

The Acheulean is the longest-lasting cultural record, spanning over approximately 1.5 Ma and over three continents. The most comprehensive sequences are found in East Africa, where the Acheulean emerges and is known from a number of well-dated sites between 1.76 and ~1.50-1.40 Ma. Conversely, the development of the Acheulean after 1.3 Ma is still poorly documented and understood. From then onwards and up to the Early/Middle Pleistocene Transition (1.0/0.7 Ma) the long stratigraphic sequences of East Africa include a limited number of sites, and several with a low-resolution chronostratigraphy. Vice versa, new areas in East Africa were settled for the first time around 1.0-0.7 Ma. This is notably the case of Olorgesailie, Kariandusi, Kilombe, and Isenya. At the same time Acheulean emerges in North Africa (~1.0 Ma) at Thomas Quarry I-L (Morocco; First Regional Acheulean, FRA) and Ternifine (Algeria), then disappears and reappears at ~0.7 Ma (Second Regional Acheulean, SRA) and continues without interruption, as documented by the long Casablanca sequence. In large-scale syntheses about Acheulean development and human dispersals, these gaps in the Acheulean chronostratigraphic record have been mostly overlooked. This lack of data is particularly unfortunate, because during this period some of the major changes in human bio-cultural evolution occur and the following questions deserve to be addressed: -A broader knowledge of the lithospaces, technological innovations, and more complex skills in the Acheulean technology occurred in East Africa at 1.0 Ma. The relationships between these new technical behaviors (middle Acheulean) and those of the early Acheulean are not clear, whether they document a linear conceptual evolution or a strong discontinuity; -The late Early/early Middle Pleistocene record displays significant morphodimensional variation in African Homo erectus sensu lato and the gradual emergence of a new and more encephalized type of hominin: Homo heidelbergensis/rhodesiensis, whose ancestor has been dated in East Africa at ~0.85 Ma. Is it possible to link technical innovations and the evolution of Homo erectus or the emergence of a new humankind? - Does the first Acheulean of North Africa share common features with the East African Acheulean? If so, are these features shared with the early or with the middle Acheulean? What are the relationships at a regional scale between the FRA and the SRA? The main aim of this session is to bring together researchers currently working in Africa in order 1) to update data from sites dated to ~1.3-0.7 Ma; 2) to discuss what this poor information depends on, if it is the outcome of incomplete fieldworks or if it is related to geological, climatic, and/or paleo-environmental mechanisms; 3) to discuss environment-human connections (if any) identifying temporal and geographical correspondences between the novel hominin behaviors and shifts in climate, landscape and overall biota related to the Early/Middle Pleistocene Transition.

52 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:297742 Abstract The conservation of archaeological sites and cultural landscapes

Since people are part of the landscapes, the various landscape elements will affect people’s choice regarding everyday needs. Because of this, it is assumed that these choices are part of the archaeological investigation as they can provide insights into the human past. The choices of human settlements are also influenced by environmental parameters, such as water, vegetation, soil types, grazing possibilities, topography, and transport facilities either by river or ocean. The way people have been interacting with their environment created has created cultural landscapes that are also important information to interpreting the archaeological sites. Some of the studied cases of landscapes related to archaeological sites include such examples as: landscape as social order, landscape as transformation and landscape as memory. They can be seen easily, in combination with heritage sites. Despite of this knowledge, constantly, many heritage programs do not take into consideration the landscape component of any archaeological site and by doing so, they miss an important part of way people lived and how they interacted with their environment. In this session it intended to open a wide discussion with diverse examples from different sites on how to combine the conservation of the archaeological sites with the whole cultural landscape, as part of heritage management strategy. In addition many sites are associated with the ecosystem and this also should be considered when it comes to conservation and heritage management.

53 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:297800 UISPP XIX World Congress – Meknes 2020

Commission 30: Pratiques mortuaires dans la Préhistoire et la Protohistoire/ Mortuary Practices in Prehistory and Protohistory Proposal Session: Man and his companions (horse and dog) in Eurasian Graves (3rd mill. BC-1st mill. AD

Valeriu Sîrbu, Cristian Schuster (Romania)

The horse and the dog had a particular position in the society, due to the important part that these animals played in the life of the human communities of this period, which is obvious also in the funerary finds. The horse was of great importance in battle or at hunting, in the contests and ceremonies, while the dog had to protect the house and the flocks, to accompany humans at hunting, therefore these two animals were particularly treated in graves. They are considered “companions” of the deceased, that is why they were buried by the deceased’s side, often with all the harness gear (the horses), or with grave goods (the dog). Considering and studying this phenomenon on large spaces (from the Pacific to the Atlantic) and on a long period (four millennia), at different populations and in various stages of development, we intend to point out the common elements and those particular as well, and how the human communities, the elites mainly, treated these noble animals. Different aspects of the funerary finds will be taken into consideration: the grave type (tumular or flat), the organization of the space (with funerary chambers or not, some separate pits), the rite (inhumation or cremation), the position towards the deceased, the grave goods and the offerings; as far as the inhumations are concerned, the position and the condition of the skeletons will be taken into account as well. Certainly, we need to discuss also the iconographic representations (in case they exist) or the written sources which give us valuable information concerning the role of these noble animals in the societies of the period taken into consideration.

54 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:297870 WARFARE, CONFLICT AND VIOLENCE IN PREHISTORIC NEAR EAST AND CENTRAL ASIA Jesus Gil Fuensanta 1, *, @ , Güner Coşkunsu 2, *, @ , Otabek Uktamovich Muminov 3, *, @ , Binnur Çelebi 4, *, @

1 : Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, La SEI-ICFS, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, c/ Facultad CC.EE 2 : Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Seminario de Estudios Orientales “Adolfo de Rivadeneyra” c/ Facultad CC.EE.) " 3 : NATIONAL UNIVERSITY MIRZO ULUGBEK 4 : Independent Scholar * : Auteur correspondant

Despite the gradual increase in interest for the prehistoric warfare and conflict in archaeological discourses, particularly in prehistoric Near East since early 2000s this topic has not received enough attention yet. Recent fast growing and expanding wars and conflicts both in the Near East and all around the world in Europe, Asia, Africa and the South America caused by a wide range of factors, such as shortage of natural resources, climatic deterioration, ethnic and religious conflicts, poverty, hunger, economic and political issues, migration, honor and pride violations urge us to rethink about the origin and nature of the ancient warfare and conflicts. Therefore, this session aims to explore both the evidence and nature of wars, conflicts and violence in archaeological contexts from a multidisciplinary perspective by focusing on prehistoric Near East and Central Asia. Our focus on the ancient Near East and Central Asia is primarily based on the gap in our archaeological knowledge about the topic of this session in these two regions.

The session will focus on theoretical discussion of warfare, conflict and violence; their material remains and manifestations; methodologies and techniques for exploration of the past wars, conflicts and violence; the role of Archaeology and archaeologists in rereading of ancient, historical and modern oral and written history; landscape of battles; impact of warfare on prehistoric societies and landscape; the role of women and children in ancient warfare; gender and age based status.

55 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:297910

CISENP: Commission Internationale Scientifique ‘Les expressions intellectuelles et spirituelles des peuples sans écriture’ CISENP: International Scientific Commission on ‘The Intellectual and Spiritual Expression of Non-literate Peoples’

Session: The intellectual and spiritual expressions of non-literate peoples Emmanuel Anati (President) Commissiom Scientifique UISPP the intellectual and spiritual expressions of non-literate peoples (CISENP) The visual arts, music, dance, rituals, myths, traditions and other aspects of the human conceptual expressions, reveal the peculiarities of each society and, at the same time, the common intellectual and spiritual heritage that unites humanity. The CISENP (International Committee on the Intellectual and Spiritual Expression of Non-literate Peoples) is conveying its session at the forthcoming UISPP Congress 2020. As in previous occasions, colleagues from various disciplines are invited to share experience, ideas and scientific approaches for a better understanding of the human creativity and behavior, for a broad-minded study and understanding of the past. Prehistoric archaeology is in urgent need of this new landscape of “Conceptual Anthropology”, for a step forward. It is a new academic approach for building up a solid future for the study of man. Archaeology, both prehistoric and historic, needs a constant and open dialogue with other disciplines. The study of man includes anthropology, sociology, psychology, human geography, semiotics, art history, and other disciplines that have to join efforts. This is the aim of Conceptual Anthropology. What is to be the image of prehistoric sciences in the future? How can we convey to a large public the notions and wisdom accumulated in the study of the roots? Understanding the past is necessary to build a future. And not only: it is necessary to understand the present, our present. The knowledge of the roots is the elementary base of culture. Even in the tribal world young people are being initiated to the knowledge of their past. The study of prehistory has to awaken interest and passion in the

56 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:297923 public: there is nothing more fascinating than discovering the background of human behavior, the emotions and passions that have caused the intellectual and spiritual adventures of humankind. This is the message that we can convey to our society. Let us join efforts to develop public awareness, education, formation, engagement, research, for a broader understanding of our past and our present. We can convey this passion only if we have this passion. You are welcome to join.

57 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:297923 UISPP worldwide congress Meknes/ 2020

• Session proposal for the themes Culture, economy and environments

MESO-NEOLITHIC HUNTER-GATHERER MOBILITY PATTERNS

Joaquina Soares1, Ana Catarina Sousa2

Abstract

The mobility patterns of hunter-fisher-gatherers and first farmers/pastoralists are a major focus of interest of this session. Overall, this theme articulates with the study of diet, demography, social organization, interaction networks, technological knowledge transfers, which can provide insights on resource and territory ownership, cultural change process by autonomous development and/or by external acquisitions either through indirect fluxes or contacts.

The great variability of hunter-gatherer life styles, environmental adaptations and integration or rejection of Neolithic innovations can be discussed through mobility patterns perspective. From the “nomadic style” adapted to areas with scattered and lack of reliable resources (Binford, 1980), till semi-sedentary and affluent groups living in high productive environments and practicing food storage, as observed in Center and South Portugal, in the Tagus and Sado estuaries (Soares, 2016), there are in the middle a large scope of organizational possibilities in collector-delayed return societies (Woodburn, 1980).

We assume a special interest on waterway systems of interaction, where mobility by boats and canoes (Isern et al, 2017; Rowley-Conwy and Piper, 2016) would ensure a faster and enlarged access to a huge variety of food, raw materials, contacts. In those ecosystems, fishing, shellfish gathering, seafaring could play important roles. The raw materials exploration strategy is also indicative of the mobility of the first producing communities, evident in several case studies (Gonçalves & Sousa, 2018).

Stable isotope analysis and archaeogenetic studies are powerful tools to answer questions about the mobility strategies and they allow the dismissing of rigid and unidirectional diffusionist models of neolitization. In what concerns Iberian Peninsula there is an uneven distribution of Neolithic immigrants, with a maximum influx in the Northeastern and a strong persistence of hunter-gatherer mtDNA haplogroups in the middle Ebro valley and in the Southwest (Szécsényi- Nagy, 2017; Olalde et al, 2019), supporting the idea of a diverse neolithization process. In those regions genetic data is in accordance with the archaeological

1 MAEDS- Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography of the District of setúbal/AMRS; UNIARQ-Archaeological Centre of the University of Lisbon 2 UNIARQ-Archaeological Centre of the University of Lisbon

58 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:297965 record that revealed the important protagonism played by Mesolithic hunter- gatherers (Montes and Alday, 2012; Soares and Tavares da Silva, 2018; Soares, Mazzucco, Clemente-Conte, 2016). Although the new advances on neolitization process, further studies, becoming more widely discussed both on scientific archaeology and archaeological sciences (archaeometry) are required to a better knowledge of the Past and a better commitment with our Contemporaneity.

Keywords: Mobility; Waterway systems of interaction; Technological knowledge transfers; Neolitization.

References

Binford, L. (1980) – Willow smoke and dogs`tails: hunter-gatherer settlement systems and archaeological site formation. American Antiquity 45(1), p. 4-20 https://doi.org/10.2307/279653.

Montes, L. and Alday, A. (2012) – Enredados en la malla neolítica de la Cuenca del Río Ebro. Redes, continuidades y cambios. Rubricatum, 5. Museu de Gavà, p. 51-60.

Rowley-Conwy, P. and Stephanie Piper (2016) – Hunter-gatherer variability: developing models for the northern coasts. Artic, 69 (suppl.1), p. 1-14. https://doi.org/1014430/artic4623.

Soares, J. (2016) - Rethinking the Mesolithic of the Sado Paleoestuary, Portugal: Semi- sedentary Hunter-gatherers. In Hein B. Bjerck (ed.) Marine Ventures - Archaeological Perspectives on Human-Sea Relations. Reino Unido: Equinox eBooks Publishing. p. 241- 260.

Soares, J. and Tavares da Silva, C. (2018) - Living in the southwest Portuguese coast during the Late Mesolithic: The case study of Vale Marim I. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, p. 1011-1025.

Soares, J., Mazzucco, N.; Clemente-Conte, I. (2016) - The first farming communities in the Southwest European Coast: A traceological approach to the lithic assemblage of Vale Pincel I. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 4, p. 246–262.

Szécsényi-Nagy, A. et al (2017) – The maternal genetic make-up of the Iberian Peninsula between the Neolithic and the early Bronze Age, http://d.x.doi.org/10.1101/106963.

Woodburn, J. (1980) – Hunters and gatherers today and reconstruction of the past. In E. Gellner (ed.), Soviet Western Anthropology. London: Duckworth, p. 95-117.

Olalde, Iñigo et al. (2019) – The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years. Science, 15 MAR 2019, p. 1230-1234.

Isern, N.; Zilhão, J.; Fort, J. Ammerman, A. (2017) – Modeling the role of voyaging in the coastal spread of the Early Neolithic in the West Mediterranean. PNAS 114 (5) p. 897- 902

59 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:297965 Gonçalves, V. S., Sousa, A. C. (2018) – Casas Novas, numa curva do Sorraia (no 6.º milénio a.n.e. e a seguir) [estudos & memórias, 11]. Lisboa: UNIARQ/ FL-UL, 280 pp.

60 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:297965

Creating in tropical forests: toolkits and technical behaviours of prehistoric hunter-gatherers between 23° North and 23° South.

Only a few decades ago, it was vividly debated whether or not humans could have lived in the rainforest during Prehistory. Since then, there has been increasing evidence that our species and very possibly previous ones have not only settled down in tropical forests millennia ago, but also modified the environment by their actions. Moreover, not only humans modified the forest, the tropics also seem to have had an impact on human cultures.

In this session, we would like to address the following questions:

How did humans adapt to the tropics during Prehistory and what was the influence of these lush environments on human material culture and specifically on their toolkits? Are there similarities between Prehistories of the different tropical regions of the globe? Or did human groups respond in different ways to similar external conditions? What was the impact on lithic industries? How did these evolve locally? What was the importance of non- lithic technologies and the role of tools made of other available materials such as shells, bones, plants and others? What are the research practices in the different tropical regions and what are the current scientific approaches of tropical forest toolkits?

Although the tropics are largely associated in people’s minds with the rainforest, this region between 23° N and 23° S encompasses a wide range of forests and vegetation formations. To complexify the picture further, climate variations modified the environment, rainforests contracting during glacial periods and expanding during interglacial periods. That is where local paleoenvironmental analyses play a crucial role in assessing correctly the situation.

In this session, we would like to encourage inter-regional dialogue and to bring together scholars working in different tropical regions of the world to deliver papers about case studies, regional syntheses or cross-regional comparisons.

61 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:297968 TITLE: Pleistocene early weaponry technologies: a multifaceted mosaic of new evidence and behaviours.

ORGANISERS: Alice La Porta, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Manchester Annemieke Milks, UCL Institute of Archaeology

SESSION PROPOSAL Evidence of weaponry in the Pleistocene archaeological record provides a framework for evaluating numerous facets of human evolution, including hominin subsistence behaviours, hunting strategies, cooperative group behaviours, cognitive flexibility, technological complexity, innovation, use of landscape, and the ability to colonise different ecological niches. In the last few decades, our ability to identify and evaluate the use of hunting weapons during the Middle and Late Pleistocene has improved through remarkable archaeological discoveries and advances in methodological approaches. This has reshaped the dialogue around perceptions of performance differences between weapon technologies and hunting strategies of pre- anatomically modern humans (pre-AMH) and anatomically modern humans (AMH). This session invites abstracts from researchers currently looking at the diversity of evidence on Eurasian Pleistocene use of early weapons for hunting and/or violence, including direct evidence of early weapons or hunting lesions, experimental archaeological and biomechanical approaches, ethnoarchaeology, and zooarchaeological studies that provide evidence for hunting, in particular informing on hunting strategies and/or weaponry. We also invite contributions that aim to contextualise both existing evidence and/or newer research within the developing comparative models of weaponry and hunting strategies utilised by different species of Homo.

KEYWORDS: early weaponry, spear technologies, Pleistocene, experimental archaeology, Neanderthals (or pre-anatomically modern humans, pre-AMH), hunting strategies

Abstract submission: Please submit a short abstract of 300-500 words related to one of the topics below to https://uispp2020.sciencesconf.org/ and send a copy to [email protected]

· Quantifying the performance of Pleistocene early weapons

· Identification of weapon delivery systems

· Biomechanical studies of hunting methods

· Hunting lesions

· Variability in Neanderthal (or pre-anatomically modern humans) hunting technologies

· Use of landscape for hunting strategies

· Weaponry and the emergence of complex cognition models

62 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:297970

63 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:297970 Preventive archaeology and its impact on the study of past societies. Possibilities and reality

The main aim of the session is to touch upon all the current problems of preventive archeology, especially in the broad context of research into past societies. One of the goals of the session is also to define preventive archeology and its doctrine in various countries. To what extent is the practice of preventive archeology still imbued with the spirit of "Malta convention"? During the session, we want to discuss the relationship between preventive archeology and the sphere of politics, legal, organizational, financial and institutional issues. As the theme of the 19th UISPP Congress in Meknes is focused on the past societies, we want to address the interdependence of the social, economic and environmental spheres of human existence. The session is also aimed at presenting the scientific results of rescue excavations centered around paleosociological issues. The organizers expect that the session will promote good practices of preventive archaeology and will contribute to networking and fruitful exchange of experience among its participants.

Organizer: Sławomir Kadrow

64 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:297997 Session

Title: " The rock art and archaeology of Macaronesian Islands ".

Nuno Ribeiro(1); Anabela Joaquinito(2); Faysal Lemjidi (3); Teresa Azevêdo(4), Fábio Silva (5)

1- University of Salamanca PhD /APIA, Proto-history Department, Portugal – [email protected]

2 – University of Salamanca Student PhD /APIA, Prehistory Department, Portugal - [email protected]

3 – Erasmus Morocco Community – [email protected]

4 – Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Department of Geology – PhD in Geology - [email protected]

5 - University of Bournemouth in Dorset - PhD, United Kingdom – [email protected]

Relevant Keywords: Rock Art, Macaronesian Islands, Archaeology

Abstract:

The authors intend with this session to address the theme of rock art and archeology of an area located in the Atlantic, Macaronesia (archipelagos of the Canaries, Azores, Madeira and Cape Verde). It is a theme still little explored. Recent studies in the field of biology point to the existence of ancient pre-12th century occupations on almost every island of these archipelagos. Since the emergence of rock art associated with many undated contexts, make this region one of the least known in all of Europe, it is intended to contribute in this way to the scientific discussion and its diffusion. The most frequent figures in the rock art are circles, meanders, cup-marks, podomorphs, serpentifoms, spirals,

65 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298021 anthropomorphs and alphabetical inscriptions. Situated at a crossroads between Europe and Africa, the rock art of this regions reflects a diverse set of influences, especially from the Late Bronze Age, probably reflecting a period when contacts with the islands were more common.

Some studies that have been done on landscape analysis, archaeoastronomy, point out the connection of these engravings to rituals of fertility, cycles of nature, mountain and water. Clearly a totemic, polytheistic and naturalistic view of how they viewed their World and the Cosmos.

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69 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298021 L’imagerie dans tous ses états : Architecture cranio-faciale, posture occlusale et rachidienne, appareil locomoteur. Djillali Hadjouis Mots-clés. Radiologie numérisée, scanner, hommes, animaux, crâne-face, dents, rachis, bassin, appareil locomoteur Résumé Cette session est en direction des chercheurs et des thérapeutes qui utilisent l’imagerie 2 D ou 3 D comme outil de connaissance anatomique de l’ensemble des systèmes musculo- squelettiques des vertébrés et comme moyen de fiabiliser les méthodes, au-delà de la détermination osseuse ou du diagnostic clinique. C’est également un domaine d’appui considérable dans l’étiologie s’agissant des frontières anatomiques du normal, de l’anormal et du pathologique. L’imagerie est devenue aujourd’hui pour les anthropologues, paléontologues, anatomistes et archéologues un précieux secours, surtout si la maîtrise des outils d’analyse est acquise. Dans le domaine cranio-facial, la lecture architecturale des espèces humaines (flexion ou extension basicrânienne, prognathie ou rétrognathie, frontalisation des pyramides pétreuses, asynchronisme des temporaux …), leur occlusion au cours de la phylogenèse et la variabilité de l’articulé dentaire chez les hommes modernes a montré depuis de longue date déjà toute l’efficacité et l’importance de tels outils. Depuis quelques années, ce sont les techniques de reconstitution faciale 3 D qui s’y mettent, soit pour redonner un visage aux hominidés fossiles, soit pour reconstituer une malformation ou une pathologie sévère. De même, le rachis, le bassin ou l’appareil locomoteur dans les domaines anthropologique, paléontologique, obstétrique, rhumatologique, orthopédique ou d’anatomie comparée, ne cessent de nous révéler par le biais de l’imagerie, tout ce qui n’est pas visible en macroscopie.

70 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298031 Luiz Oosterbeek, Chris Scarre, Hamady Bocoum Megaliths, landscapes and social complexification accross Europe and Africa: comparative analysis of contextualized processes Megalithic structures in Europe and Africa are widely spread, both in space and in time. The label “megalithic” often covers many different construction techniques (from standing stones to corbel vaulted chambers), many different types of monument (from menhirs to stone circles and passage graves) and several different functions (from burials to domestic or ceremonial enclosures). Such structures nonetheless seem to emerge in association with processes of social complexification (including early farming, the dawn of metallurgy or other analogous changes). Discussion of the processes related to these structures within Europe has produced an extensive bibliography. Comparative studies across the Mediterranean, however, and in relation to processes within Africa, have received less attention, despite research projects highly relevant to both of these. This session aims to assess regional networks of megalithic structures, which may allow comparisons and insights into possible inter-regional contacts. It may also allow the anthropological assessment of characteristics across time and space that relate to varying economic, technological and symbolic contexts, as well as identifying similar processes of social complexification.

71 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298082 David Pleurdeau, Alma Nankela, José Benjamim Fernandes, Luiz Oosterbeek Human adaptations to arid and desert environments: settlements, industries and rock art evidences The archaeology of deserts and of extremely dry environments in the past encapsulates not only evidences of remote human occupations, but also requires specific field research techniques, in order to develop comparative analysis of human adaptation strategies. The purpose of this session is to discuss settlement and landscape management strategies, including their economic and symbolic drivers, ithrough industries and artistic expressions. The session welcomes both contributions that will focus on intra-specific environments processes and comparative analysis of processes observed in different arid semi-arid areas, from the archaeological and/or anthropological perspectives. Reflections on contemporary traditional societies adaptations are also welcome, when comparatively discussed with archaeological evidences.

72 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298083 Abdoulaye Camara, Luiz Oosterbeek, Alma Nankela The management of prehistoric sites and the dynamics of contemporary societies: World Heritage and beyond Research and education on prehistoric societies have wide implications, in terms of understanding evolution, biodiversity, cultural processes and adaptive and transformative mechanisms. The interest on the past, which has been growing in recent years, alongside the enquiries of contemporary ethos, imposes particular responsibilities for prehistorians, which need to address such interest but, also, to avoid falling into short-term agendas with limited interest on research and complex reasoning. These responsibilities run from the establishment and management of World Heritage Sites, to the study, preservation and knowledge socialization related to countless contexts scattered across the planet. This session therefore discusses some of the main challenges and difficulties experienced currently at World Heritage Properties and prospective sites. It wil further present contexts embedded in non-listed cultural landscapes. Two types of contributions are invited: theoretical debates also involving specific methods and indicators; and specific case-studies of strong (positive or negative) examples. The session is aimed at preparing a volume of proceedings of the congress, which may become a relevant contribution to the specificity of heritage management of prehistoric sites.

73 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298084 THE ARCHAEOMETRY OF ROCK ART: ANALYSES, ABSOLUTE DATING AND CONSERVATION

Sara Garcês - - (ITM, Portugal); 1902 Committee; Hugo Gomes Geosciences Centre, Coimbra University - (u. ID73-FCT), Portugal. Pierluigi Rosina Tomar Polytechnique Institute, Portugal. Esther López-Montalvo Chargée de recherche CNRS, TRACES UMR 5608, Université de Toulouse 2 Jean Jaurès 5, France.

Abstract

We invite you all to participate on this session that explores the multi-proxy archaeometry methods concerning the study of technologies, chrono-cultural contexts and interpretations of rock art uses throughout the Paleolithic and post- Paleolithic periods. This session seeks to better contextualize the prehistoric portable and rock art operative chains: from the study of raw materials, coloring materials and supports, to the technical gestures, preparation process, painting or engraving. Studies may range from multi-disciplinary analysis to text-based discussions of pigment analysis. Discussions about dating methods used in the contextualization of prehistoric art are particularly welcome. We invite and encourage the participants in this session to debate around the different studies related with prehistoric rock art archaeometry methods taking into account the most recent methodologies and scientific instrumentation, the state of the current issue and the future prospects of this line of research. The session will be organized into 15-minute speeches, followed by a time for discussion and exchange. Due to time constraints, only one author from each presentation will present, but all are welcome to participate in discussion. Depending on the number of participants, session presiders hope to publish the final papers in a peer-reviewed volume.

Keywords: Archaeometry; Analyses; Dating; Conservation; Pigments.

74 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298091 Session de la commission “Paléolithique supérieur d’Eurasie” de l’UISPP XIX° congrès UISPP de Meknès (Maroc)

"Occupation in mid-latitude Eurasia during the Last Glacial Maximum and shortly thereafter”

“Le peuplement de l’Eurasie moyenne pendant le dernier maximum glaciaire et son devenir »

Organisateurs : Sergei Lev, Lioudmila Iakovleva, Marc Haendel, Gennady Khlopachev

Keywords: Upper Palaeolithic; Last Glacial Maximum; mid-latitude Eurasia; duration of site occupations; use of raw material; chronological data.

The session will explore hunter-gatherer occupation in mid-latitude Eurasia during the Last Glacial Maximum. We are interested in aspects addressing settlement patterns: duration of site occupations, size of the settlements, multiple occupations of sites, permanent territories vs. seasonal long-distance mobility, richness or scarcity of mobile art objects, seasonality of hunting strategies, use of raw material outcrops, dwelling structures, changes in lithic and bone industries, demography. Communications can present new data from recent excavations or reinvestigated sites, chronological data, archaeozoological studies, and raw material procurement studies. The period under consideration can be extended beyond the time of maximum ice coverage to 30,000 to 18,000 years ago in favour of broadening the context of the discussion.

La session permettra d'approfondir les questions de l'occupation par les groupes de chasseurs- cueilleurs des zones de latitude moyenne de l'Eurasie au cours du dernier maximum glaciaire. Plusieurs questions seront traitées comme : territoires permanents ou déplacements saisonniers vers le Nord, durée d'occupation du site, taille des habitats, réoccupation multiple des sites, richesse ou rareté des objets d'art mobilier, spécialisation de la chasse saisonnière, présence des gîtes de matières premières, adaptation des structures d'habitat, changement de l’industrie lithique et osseuse, démographie. Les communications proposeront de nouvelles données issues de fouilles récentes, de révisions de fouilles anciennes, de dates 14C, d'études archéozoologiques et d'études sur l'approvisionnement en matières premières. La période du dernier maximum glaciaire considérée pourra être étendue à la période 30 000 à 18 000 ans BP pour élargir le contexte de la discussion.

75 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298099 Session Title:

Pyroarchaeology from hunter-gatherer contexts to sedentary and complex societies

Chairs:

Carolina Mallol (Departamento de Geografía e Historia, Campus de Guajara, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain)

Shira Gur-Arieh (Culture and Socio-Ecological Dynamics (CaSEs) Research Group, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain)

Christopher E. Miller (Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany)

Ruth Shahack-Gross (Department of Maritime Civilizations, Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel)

Mareike C. Stahlschmidt (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Evolution, Leipzig, Germany)

Abstract:

Fire had a pivotal role in human evolution and technological development. In prehistory, it enabled improved nutrition, contributed to advanced lithic technology, provided heat and light, and acted as a focal point for social and cultural activity. In later periods, the use of pyrotechnology was a key element of technological developments such as pottery and plaster production, metallurgy, and glass making. Thus, the study of fire use and pyrotechnology in archaeological contexts can contribute to our understanding of past human behavioural and technological evolution. In addition, it provides us with valuable information regarding past environments through the study of combustion residues. In this session, we invite talks presenting theoretical, methodological or applied studies involving archaeological fire, from hunter gatherers to sedentary complex societies.

76 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298158 Let it burn! Experimental and Ethnoarchaeological Approaches in Pyroarchaeology Mareike C. Stahlschmidt (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Evolution, Leipzig, Germany) Carolina Mallol (Departamento de Geografía e Historia, Campus de Guajara, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain) Christopher E. Miller (Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany)

The reconstruction of fire use behaviours can provide valuable insights into technologies, subsistence strategies and domestic activities of the past. For the interpretation of specific behaviours and the preservation of their evidence, experimental and ethnographic studies present a helpful interpretative framework. In this session, we welcome presentations on experiments or ethnoarchaeological research concerning pyroarchaeology topics from hunter-gather contexts to the first complex urban societies. These pyroarchaeology topics include, but are not limited to:

 Taphonomy and preservation of fire residues  Wildfire signatures and impacts on human behaviour, environments and the archaeological record  Identification of burnt materials and early fire use behaviours  Cooking technologies and constructions  Heat treatment and other pyrotechnologies  Fire use for landscape-management We invite researchers from all Archaeological Sciences disciplines to contribute to this session and to present posters, short report or papers.

77 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298160 HYPOGÉISME FUNÉRAIRE EN EUROPE ET EN AFRIQUE

Giuseppa Tanda(1)* , Anthony Bonanno(2), Anna Depalmas(3), Renata Grifoni Cremonesi(4), Carlo Luglié(5), Nuccia Negroni(6), Nabiha Aouadi(7), Haithem Abidi(8)

(1) Centro Studi “Identità e Memoria” (CeSim), Former Full Professor of Prehistory and Protohistory at the University of Cagliari (Italy) (2) Department of Classic &Archaeology, University of Malta (3) Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche e Sociali, Università di Sassari (4) Università di Pisa (5) Dipartimento di Lettere, Lingue e Beni Culturali, Università di Cagliari (6) Università di Milano, Centro Studi di Preistoria e Archeologia (7) Institut National du Patrimoine, Musée National du Bardo, Tunis. (8) Institut National du Patrimoine, Centre de Préhistoire, Tunis. (*) Auteur correspondant

Mots clès Grotte funéraire; chronologie; rituels; monde des vivants; megalitisme

Résumé La grotte artificielle funéraire est bien connue dans de nombreux pays, en Europe et en Afrique, en particulier dans les régions méditerranéennes, à partir de la fin du cinquième millénaire a. C., jusqu'à l'âge du bronze. Le phénomène est très articulé non seulement dans la chronologie, mais également dans les aspects structurels, fonctionnels, architecturaux, environnementaux et, dans certains pays, également dans les aspects décoratifs et culturels. Le sujet de ces dernières années a fait l’objet de recherches intéressantes. Par conséquent, il semble approprié et utile d’analyser les résultats obtenus dans l’espoir que ces études retrouveront vigueur et importance. La session pourrait être organisée sur certains sujets tels que les techniques et les outils d’excavation; la typologie planimétrique; les signes de l'art; les rituels funéraires; les relations avec le monde des vivants et avec les monuments funéraires mégalithiques, la chronologie et l’origine.

Prof. Giuseppa Tanda Sassari 16.02.2020

78 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298166 MOVEMENTS, DISPLACEMENTS, CIRCULATION AND EXCHANGES IN ANGIENT AMERICAN SOCIETIES

The study of places and materiality are, to a large extent, the base of our current knowledge aboutthe lives of women, men and children that dwelled and traversed different American regions. Establishing a link between different materials and spaces is a way to conform a network of places. A network of these places can be envisioned on the different material and spatial connections that are established. Places, distances, objects and ancient bodies, as well asthe relationships among them, reveal movements and the circulation of people, things and information in different American archaeological contexts.

This Symposium aims to contribute to the discussion on different approaches applied to the study of movements and displacements of ancient groups, and the circulation and exchange of objects and information among them. Also, a debate on the diversity of methodological approaches and theoretical perspectivesapplied to these studies is expected. Among these approaches are studies of lithic raw material provenience related to techno-typological o technological analyses of artifacts; technological innovations, change or continuities through time related to the ebb and flow of the peopling of the Americas;zooarcheological and archaeobotanical analyses, archaeometrical studies, bioantrhopology, stable isotopes and mitochondrial DNA, spatial and paleo environmental analyses. Through sharing and discussing such a diversity of lines of evidence we expect to enrich our archaeological knowledge on the dynamics of the social and material lives of ancient American societies.

We hope that this proposal of discussion will promote an integration of researches on past human occupation in America resulting in a comprehensive presentationof its cultural diversityboth on spatial and temporal grounds. Also, we seek to strengthen a knowledge network that intertwines local, regional and continental realitiesand making visible a wide range of basic data, interpretations, hypothesis and conclusions produced by the participating researchers.

Organizing Natalia Mazzia (CONICET, AyA - Argentina) Sibeli A. Viana (PUC Goiás - Brasil) Julio Cezar Rubin de Rubin (PUC Goiás - Brasil) Nora Franco (IMHICIHU-CONICET y UBA, FFyL - Argentina)

79 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298174 MOVIMIENTOS, TRASLADOS, CIRCULACIÓN E INTERCAMBIOS EN SOCIEDADES ANTIGUAS DE AMÉRICA

Nuestro conocimiento sobre la vida de mujeres, hombres, niños y niñas que habitaron y recorrieron diferentes regiones de América se basa, en gran medida, en el estudio de sus diferentes lugares y materialidades. Un entramado de estos lugares resulta posible a partir de las diversas conexiones materiales y espaciales que podemos trazar entre ellos. Espacios, distancias, objetos y cuerpos nos permiten establecer relaciones que dan cuenta de movimientos y circulación de personas, cosas e información en diferentes contextos arqueológicos del continente americano.

El objetivo de este simposio es propiciar la discusión sobre las diferentes formas en las que podemos abordar el estudio de los movimientos y traslados de los grupos, la circulación y el intercambio de objetos e información entre ellos, así como los múltiples enfoques metodológicosy perspectivas teóricas que le dan forma. Algunos de ellos parten del estudio de procedencia de materias primas líticas en relación con análisis tecnotipológicoso tecnológicos de los artefactos, continuidades, cambios o innovaciones tecnológicas en el tiempo,flujo y reflujo de poblamiento de las Américas; zooarqueologíay arqueobotánica; análisis arqueométricos; estudios bioarqueológicos, isótopos estables, ADN mitocondrial; análisis espaciales y paleoambientales, entre otros. A partir de la puesta en común y la discusión de líneas de evidencias tan diversas buscamos enriquecer las formas de generar conocimiento arqueológico sobre la dinámica de la vida social y material de las sociedades americanas pasadas.

Esperamos que la discusión y el encuentro propuestos permitan contribuir a la integración de las investigaciones sobre las ocupaciones humanas pasadas en América, proporcionando un panorama amplio de la diversidad cultural considerada tanto en su dimensión espacial como temporal. Asimismo, buscamos fortalecer una red de conocimientos mediante la puesta en común de información concerniente a realidades locales, regionales y continentales, dando visibilidad a datos, interpretaciones, hipótesis y conclusiones de investigadores e investigadoras participantes.

Organizadores Natalia Mazzia (CONICET, AyA - Argentina) Sibeli A. Viana (PUC Goiás - Brasil) Julio Cezar Rubin de Rubin (PUC Goiás - Brasil) Nora Franco (IMHICIHU-CONICET y UBA, FFyL - Argentina)

80 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298174

81 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298174 XIXe Congrès de l’Union Internationale des Sciences Préhistoriques et Protohistoriques (UISPP)

Meknès, 1-6 septembre 2020

EVOLUTION OF THE HUMAN SOCIETIES FROM PREHISTORY TO PROTOHISTORY

(https://uispp2020.sciencesconf.org/?forward-action=index&forward-controller=index&lang=en)

Commission Human Occupations in Mountain Environments (HOME)

Proposition de session Atlas, coordination Hédi Dridi, Université de Neuchâtel, et Thomas Reitmaier, Université de Zurich (avec l'aide de Philippe Della Casa, Zurich, commission HOME)

Titre : Pour une archéologie de l’Atlas : ressources, itinéraires et établissements, de la Préhistoire à l’époque médiévale

Mots clés : ressources ; mines ; routes ; art rupestre ; architecture ; archéométrie ; géologie ; montagne ; Atlas

L’Afrique mineure, c’est-à-dire le Maghreb actuel, bordée par l’océan Atlantique à l’ouest, la mer Méditerranée au nord et à l’est, et enfin le Sahara à l’est et surtout au sud se présente comme une île, Jazîrat al-Maghrib (l’île du Couchant ou de l’Occident pour les premiers géographes arabes). Cet espace est structuré par le massif de l’Atlas qui en constitue l’épine dorsale. Pourvoyeur de ressources animales, végétales et minérales depuis la plus haute antiquité, ce massif a connu une occupation humaine et une exploitation pastorale précoce comme l’attestent les témoignages de l’art rupestre. A l’échelle méditerranéenne, le massif de l’Atlas a très tôt attiré les navigateurs phéniciens (Lixus, près de l’actuelle Larache est fondée vers 1100 av. n.è. selon Pline l’Ancien). Plus tard, à l’époque romaine, il a notamment fourni du bois, des animaux de cirque et des marbres précieux (Greco scritto de la région d’Annaba, Marmor Numidicum de Chimtou). Les recherches menées en particulier par les médiévistes suggèrent par ailleurs que l’exploitation de minerais pourrait remonter à l’Antiquité si ce n’est la Préhistoire, même si les témoignages explicites manquent encore1. Enfin, ces mêmes travaux ainsi que ceux qui ont été menés sur les cols alpins

1 A. Canto García et P. Cressier, éds., Minas y Metalurgia En Al-Andalus y Magreb Occidental. Explotación y poblamiento (= Collection de la Casa de Velázquez 102), Casa de Velázquez, Madrid, 2008 ; N. Minvielle Larousse, M.-Ch. Bailly-Maître et G. Bianchi, G., éds., Les métaux précieux en Méditerranée médiévale. Exploitations, transformations, circulations, Actes du Colloque international, MMSH, Aix-en-Provence, 6-8

82 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298190 rappellent que l’existence d’un massif n’a jamais empêché la circulation des hommes, des biens et des idées2. La fortune de sites comme Sijilmassa à l’époque médiévale atteste la vigueur des trafics qui ont relié le Sahara à la Méditerranée3.

La tenue du prochain congrès de l’UISPP à Meknès offre une occasion idéale pour organiser une session spécialement dédiée à l’Atlas. Il s’agira de rassembler des collègues travaillant non seulement sur l’une ou l’autre partie du massif de l’Atlas, mais aussi sur des périodes allant de la Préhistoire à l’époque médiévale, ainsi que des géologues et des archéomètres. L’objectif de cette session sera d’abord d’établir et/ou de renforcer les liens entre les divers chercheurs intéressés par les problématiques d’archéologie de la montagne appliquées à l’Atlas (établissements, ressources, itinéraires), de promouvoir les échanges interdisciplinaires et inter-périodes. Les discussions pourraient concerner l’intérêt d’une démarche à rebours qui, à partir de l’époque médiévale, voire de l’époque coloniale, permettrait de remonter le temps et/ou la question de la mise en œuvre des outils de prospection et d’identification d’itinéraires, d’établissements et de zones susceptibles de livrer des témoignages d’activités extractives (mines, ateliers de métallurgie notamment).

Les contacts préliminaires ont permis de constater que ce projet rencontre un accueil enthousiaste de la part des collègues. On peut espérer que si cette proposition est retenue, elle constituera un jalon remarquable dans la recherche sur l’Atlas et elle permettrait d’intégrer cette région au réseau de l’archéologie des montagnes promu par la commission HOME de l’UISPP.

Collègues pressenti-e-s (Maroc, Espagne, France, Suisse, Algérie ; …) : voir document Excel joint

octobre 2016 (= Bibliothèque d’Archéologie Méditerranéenne et Africaine 27), Presses Universitaires de Provence, Aix-en-Provence, 2019. 2 Concernant les Alpes, voir notamment V. Ciccolani, Passeurs des Alpes. La culture de Golasecca : entre Méditerranée et Europe continentale à l'âge du fer (= Histoire et Archéologie), Hermann éditeurs, Paris, 2009. 3 Sur Sijilmassa, voir Ch. Capel et A. Fili, « La fondation de Sijilmâsa : réexamen historique et découvertes archéologiques », dans : Hesperis-Tamuda 51, p. 39-82. Concernant les trafics transsahariens, voir le tout récent D.J. Mattingly, V. Leitch, C.N. Duckworth, A. Cuénod, M. Sterry et F. Cole, éds., Trade in the Ancient Sahara and Beyond, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2017.

83 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298190 Hunter-Gatherers in the Late Glacial World. What do we know exactly?

Hunting and gathering societies are traditionally seen as groups with a fairly uniform, unvarying lifestyle, largely in tune with environmental conditions. However, many recent studies of various manifestations of their activity, ranging from subsistence strategies, lithic production, raw materials exploitation to mobility show remarkable degrees of change under the rapidly fluctuating climate and environmental conditions of the Late Glacial in Northern

Eurasia.

More and more accurate results from paleobiological, geochemical and physicochemical research allow us to study relationships between environmental variables and human responses quite precisely. Using sophisticated methods, i.e. aDNA, ZOOMs, stable isotopes measurements and mathematical modelling we can observe in more detail processes such as migration (both humans and animals), subsistence systems, dietary reconstruction, resources exploration and seasonality. The optimists define this state as “Third Science Revolution”

(Kristiansen 2014), while the pessimists label it as „correlation limitation” (David 2019). So, where do we see ourselves as researchers interested in Late Glacial hunter-gatherers ways of life on the Northern Eurasia? How should we participate in this discussion? What do our results indicate? How will all these methods help us to better understand prehistoric hunter- gatherers? Who they were? How they lived? How their network systems functioned?

We would like to invite people working on these subjects to present their newest research, to discuss the current state of Late Palaeolithic archaeology and possible future directions of development.

84 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298196

Hunters and farmers from both margins: Debating Mediterranean intercontinental connections during the early and middle Holocene

Palaeolithic; Mesolithic; Neolithic; Cultural relationship; mobility

Abstract Contacts between northern Africa and southern Europe during the late Palaeolithic, the Mesolithic and the Neolithic was a usual topic of archaeological research in the early twentieth century, albeit it was usually viewed from a Eurocentric, colonial, perspective. However, since the 1960's it has lost the central role in Mediterranean Holocene Prehistory due to new chronometric tools - made available by the 14C revolution - but also to ideological issues related to the decolonization of northern Africa. It is only in the last years that, following the dramatic increase in the archaeological knowledge of northern African Prehistory, new debates have been opened, particularly on topics such as the African influence in the spread of the Neolithic along the western Mediterranean

This session intends to discuss contacts and reciprocal influences between the late Pleistocene and Holocene hunter-gatherers and early farmers of both sides of the sea. Historiographic approaches will also be welcome.

85 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298202 XIX UISPP Meknés 2020

Theme: Archaeology in a specific environment

Studying Rock Art in extreme enviroments: methods and techniques

Dra. Beatriz Menéndez Iglesias*

* UNAM, Becaria del Programa de Becas Posdoctorales en la UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, asesorado por el Dr. Alejandro Terrazas Mata

Abstract

Rock art is an essential part of the expressions of the peoples of the past and World Heritage. However, the study of these graphic representations in a wide variety of different context (desert, jungle, mountain, steppe...) requires the adoption of appropriate methodological resources.

Each environment has some characteristics that allow the application of some techniques or others for the collection of data and documentation. In this sense, we must ask ourselves an essential question: which methods are the most suitable to apply in each context? Based on this premise, in this session, we propose an approach focused on the latest developments related to the documentation (Photogrametry, 3D reconstructions,...), dating (pigments, concretions and varnish analysis) and conservation (preservation and conservation in the specific contexts) of that graphic representations. Therefore, we intend to open a debate that contributes significantly to the improvement of the methods and techniques employed in the investigation of rock art around the world.

KEY WORDS: Rock art, methods, techniques, extreme environments, conservation.

86 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298218 Mountain Africa: prehistoric peoples and palaeoenvironments UISPP commission ‘Human Occupation of Mountain Environments’ (HOME) session Meknès, Morocco, September 2020

Brian A. Stewart (University of Michigan, USA)

Emmanuel Ndiema (National Museums of Kenya)

Rosalia Gallotti (Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, France)

Abstract:

Africa of the popular western imaginary conjures images of low-lying rainforests, rolling savannas and desert plains. Yet, nearly half of the continent has slopes of at least 8%, while a fifth sits higher than 1000 m. The interior African Plateau comprises much of this elevated land, with the highest altitudes (~3000-5000 m a.s.l.) occurring around its periphery. Here, intense volcanism and erosion has generated soaring mountain systems, deep rifts and spectacular escarpments, though prominent massifs and inselbergs also dot the continent’s interior (especially desert) landscapes. The broad geographic distribution of Africa’s mountain regions – spanning the continent’s full 70° of latitude, numerous geological substrates and multiple rainfall zones – makes them extremely diverse. Nevertheless, all are essentially biogeographical islands of heterogenous, cool-adapted habitats relative to the warmer lowlands that surround them. As with mountain systems the world over, their ecological structure and contrasts with adjacent lowlands presented African foragers and food-producers with both distinctive resource opportunities and adaptive challenges. But Africa’s unparalleled time-depth and diversity of human evolutionary events, including our own speciation, also offers a window into the changing human relationship with mountain environments that is unique.

This session aims to explore emergent insights from recently accelerated archaeological and paleoenvironmental research in Africa’s mountain regions, broadly defined. We seek contributions from continent’s entire breadth and length, both sub-Saharan and North, and spanning its full prehistory, from the earliest Pleistocene to the late Holocene. Themes of particular interest include (but are not limited to): (1) diachronic patterns and trends in human settlement of African mountain regions in evolutionary context; (2) responses and sensitivity of African mountain paleoenvironments and prehistoric peoples to climatic flux (3) specific cultural attributes of varying African mountain cultures in prehistory, including settlement dynamics, subsistence practices, technological or other adaptive innovations, and belief systems and associated ritual practices; (4) relationships between ancient societies inhabiting mountain adjacent lowland regions; and (5) trajectories of, or transitions to, subsistence intensification, food production, sedentism and sociopolitical complexity in Africa’s mountain regions.

87 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298225 Prey and Hunters: exploring subsistence strategies from the Pleistocene to the Early Holocene.

Ivana Fiore1and Ursula Thun Hohenstein2

Hominine hunting strategies during the Pleistocene and the Early Holocene are broadly characterized by a diversification in the target’s choices, variously related to the available animal resources. The accessibility of these preys may have been conditioned by various constrains such as changes in the environment and climate, the natural availability of the animals, technological skills, social organization and even taste preferences. This session aims to bring together specialists who deal with subsistence strategies applying new approaches, methods and innovative diagnostic techniques and ethnographic comparisons by addressing the following topics: - Hunting vs Scavenging - Big game hunting - Small game hunting - Selective hunting - Hunting technologies - Hunting Farmers - Hunting and prestige

Organisers (name, email, affiliation): 1 Museo delle Civiltà, collab. Servizio di Bioarcheologia, Piazza Guglielmo Marconi, 14, 00144 Roma. [email protected] 2 Department of Humanities, Laboratory of Archaeozoology and Taphonomy, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy. [email protected]

88 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298232 Les premières appropriations du monde souterrain

Les premières appropriations du monde souterrain ont longtemps été attribuées à l’Homme anatomiquement moderne (Homo sapiens). Elles coïncidaient alors aux premiers graphismes figuratifs, notamment animaliers, autrement dit les premières grottes ornées. En Europe, elles datent du début du Paléolithique récent (41,5-36 ka cal.BP), avec des sites tels El Castillo, Chauvet-Pont d’Arc… Dès 1995, F. Rouzaud et M. Soulier ont suggéré que les constructions de la grotte de Bruniquel pouvaient être attribuables à des Néandertaliens. Cette interprétation précurseur pour ne pas dire visionnaire s’est vue pleinement confirmée – et même au-delà de tout pronostic – avec un âge fin Pléistocène moyen (MIS 6) et une attribution à des Néandertaliens anciens (Jaubert et al., 2016). Dans le même temps, des équipes internationales ont avancé des âges Paléolithique moyen récent / LMP pour des peintures de plusieurs grottes d’Espagne attribuables à Néandertal (Pike et al., 2012, 2018), interprétation qui vient d’être contestée (White et al., 2019). Outre Bruniquel, un bilan critique des cavités européennes fréquentées par Néandertal au-delà de la lumière du jour mériterait d’être discuté, documenté.

La session s’attachera à identifier les plus anciennes appropriations de l’espace souterrain, et à clairement définir cette « appropriation du monde souterrain », a minima une exploration au- delà de la lumière du jour avec preuve indéniable de cette fréquentation ? À savoir des témoignages, des vestiges, des marques ou traces de passages humains, e.g. mouchages de torches datés, empreintes) clairement distincts du règne animal, notamment des ours.

Elle pourra préciser à quel Aurignacien les premiers sites ornés souterrains peuvent être attribués. L’Aurignacien moyen-récent (Chauvet), mais pas l’Aurignacien ancien ? Pas plus le Proto-Aurignacien, encore moins le Châtelperronien ni aucune industrie dite de transition MP-UP ? Les premières manifestations graphiques en Afrique (plutôt exceptionnelles), en Asie notamment l’Insulinde (Sunda, Wallacea) ou encore en Océanie (Sahul) rivalisent désormais avec les plus anciens abris et grottes ornés d’Europe. Mais la fréquentation de cavités profondes, en zones non éclairées, représente t’elle le même enjeu dans tous les sites ?

Une approche complémentaire est d’estimer les plus anciennes explorations paléo- mésolithiques du parcours souterrain (sensu paléospéléologie), et pointer la manière de les identifier, de les quantifier et de les dater. Quels sont les humains qui les explorent et quelles aptitudes sont requises ? Et de constater si il y a ou non des groupes, des cultures qui sortiraient de la norme (ex : le Magdalénien moyen pyrénéen ?) ou si toutes les cultures du Paléolithique récent depuis l’Aurignacien s’y sont aventurées avec la même ampleur et dans les mêmes régions. Quels groupes d’humains et pour quelles raisons ont-ils parcourus de telles distances sous terre ? Pour ce dernier point notamment, et en s’appuyant cette fois sur des exemples toutes périodes et toutes régions confondues, le recours aux sources ethnographiques, historiques, protohistoriques, néolithiques pourrait contribuer à mieux fixer le bilan paléo-mésolithique.

The oldest 'mastering' of the underground world.

The first humans that mastered the underground world were thought to be the anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens). It corresponded to the first ornamental caves with graphical expressions of mainly animals. In Europe, these sites such as El Castillo or Chauvet-Pont d’Arc, are of Late Palaeolithic (41,5-36 ka cal.BP) age.

89 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298234 Already in 1995 F. Rouzaud and M. Soulier suggested that the constructions of the Bruniquel cave were possibly related to Neanderthals. The recently obtained age of late Middle Pleistocene (MIS 6) (Jaubert, et al. 2016), confirmed the visionary interpretation even beyond any prognostic and assigns now the constructions to Early Neanderthals. Meanwhile, the age of the paintings in several Spanish caves, obtained by international teams, shifted the first paintings towards recent to late Middle Palaeolithic, assigning them to Neanderthals (Pike et al., 2012, 2018), an age that was recently questioned by White et al. (2019). Besides the Bruniquel cave, a critical assessment of European cavities frequented by Neanderthal beyond daylight should be discussed and documented.

The session aims at identifying the oldest indications of mastering of the underground areas and at clearly defining this "mastering of the underground areas" ad minima beyond daylight and with the undeniable proof of human presence. These may be evidences of all kind, remains, marks or traces of human passages e.g. dated soot from torches, footprints, etc. that are clearly distinct from animal traces, notably bears.

It will precise to what exact period of the Aurignacian the first underground ornamental sites can be assigned. The mid-upper Aurignacian (Chauvet), however not the early Aurignacian nor the Proto-Aurignacian let alone the Châtelperronian, nor any so-called MP-UP transition industry? The first graphical manifestations in Africa (rather exceptional), in Asia notably the Southern Asia (Sunda, Wallacea) or in Oceania (Sahul) compete now with the oldest ornated shelters and caves of Europe. Does the presence of Humans far in caves and far from daylight represent the same issue in all these sites?

A complementary approach is to assess the oldest Palaeo-Mesolithic explorations in terms of the underground pathway (sensu ‘palaeospeleology’) and to point out the methods to identify, quantify and date these explorations. Who are the humans who explored the sites and what capacities are needed? The aim is to determine if some groups or cultures are out-standing the general norm, e.g. the Pyrenean Middle-Magdalenian, or if, since the Aurignacian, all recent Palaeolithic cultures went underground in a similar extend and in similar regions. What human groups and for what reasons exactly did they travel such distances underground? For this last point, the comparison with ethnographic, historic, Proto-historic, Neolithic sources, with examples disregarding specific regions or periods, could contribute to better frame the underground human presence in the Palaeo-Mesolithic.

90 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298234 Abstracts for sessions for the UISPP Congress in Meknes in September 2020

Examining cultural change and variability during the MSA over multiple spatial and temporal scales Nicholas J. Conard & M. Gema Chacón As work on the Middle Stone Age (MSA) progresses, researchers are increasingly improving the temporal and spatial resolution of their data and comparative analyses. This is true to varying degrees in all regions of Africa, and gradually a less schematic and more realistic record of cultural change and variability during the MSA is emerging. These improved data are providing new insights and fostering the development of new explanatory models that highlight different forms of causality. In this session, we encourage researchers leading field and laboratory studies to exam critically the ideas that shape our understanding of archaeological record of the MSA at the intra-site, regional and interregional scales. We plan to identify innovative ideas for studying settlement dynamics, technological change and cultural variability on multiple spatial and temporal scales ranging from high resolution intra- site to broad interregional studies. In this way we hope to examine potential commonalities between regions while highlighting the uniqueness and spatial-temporal variability during the MSA. The session will also consider what aspects of the MSA behavioral repertoire may have contributed the successful expansion of modern humans out of Africa.

91 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298264 Patterns and causes of spatial and temporal variability during the Middle Paleolithic M. Gema Chacón & Nicholas J. Conard Is the Middle Paleolithic a period of comparative stasis, one of substantial spatial-temporal change or both depending on the case studies one chooses? What factors led to variability at shifting spatial, temporal and demographic scales of analysis? This session exams patterns of technological variability and variability in subsistence, social organization and settlement dynamics over the course of the Middle Paleolithic with the goal of identifying meaningful patters that will allow us to better understand the diverse lifeways of late archaic hominins. What was it about the populations of late archaic hominins that allowed them to occupy vast areas of Eurasia at different population densities and practicing different forms of subsistence?. What aspects of technological, economic and social organization led to the observable settlement dynamics and patterns of spatial-temporal stasis and change? This session will consider which aspects of the archaeological record of late archaic hominins reflect commonalities among Middle Paleolithic lifeways and what factors dictated the diverse record of intra-site, regional and interregional cultural variability and change.

92 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298265 Functional Studies of Prehistoric Artifacts and their Socio-economical Meaning

Traceology continues to be the major method for the identification of prehistoric tool use and function since Sergej A. Semenov’s fundamental work ‘Prehistoric Technology’ (1964) introduced this method to prehistorians worldwide over half a century ago. The analysis of microscopic wear traces and use-related residues provides significant information to various important aspects of archaeological research. Among them are questions on site functions and activities carried out in prehistoric settlements or the reconstruction of archaeologically invisible components of complex tool technology, e.g. hafting and composite tool design. Traceology has also significantly contributed to the debates on human behavioural complexity, adaptation to changing environments and cultural and cognitive advancement as well as other aspects of the evolution of the human intellect. The International Scientific Commission A17 on Functional studies of prehistoric artefacts and their socio-economic meaning is devoted to the complex and manifold role of artefacts in human paleoecology and the reconstruction of ancient economic systems. This implies that the reconstruction of production and use of artefacts in the past is not just the re-enactment of processing of materials, human activities or prehistoric technologies but a matter of understanding the evolution of production techniques and their consequences for the people that produced and used the artefacts in a socio-economic context. The Commission A17 will ensure that the greatest possible effort is made to promote methodological advancement and support cutting-edge research that is aimed at widening the informative capacity of use-wear analysis, as well as establishing new data recording and relational database systems.

Session of Commission A17. Traceology in the 21st Century: Contributions to Archaeological Science and the Human Journey

Alfred Pawlik1, Natalia Skakun2, Belén Márquez3, Andreu Ollé4, Laura Longo5 1 : Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City 2 : Institute for the Material Culture History, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.Petersburg 3 : Museo Arqueologico Regional de la Comunidad de Madrid 4 : Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social 5: Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

The identification of prehistoric tool use and the related activities has direct implications for the reconstruction and assessment of human behaviour and intellectual advancement. It is, however, a rather complex task that requires experimental frameworks, ethnographic data and the aid of microscopes. Traceology is an encompassing research system based on a detailed data and information pool that enables the analyst to identify and interpret wear patterns, residues and other surface alterations on artefacts. This ‘traceological reference collection’ is mainly supplied by experiments using tool replicas and imitating prehistoric working activities as realistically as possible. Complemented by archaeological accounts, ethnographic observations and technical knowledge, this experimental framework is crucial for the reconstruction of prehistoric tool uses and human behavioural responses to changing environments.

93 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298299 Although traceological analysis appears to be a straightforward method, its usefulness for the recognition of past human behaviour and human-environment interaction still depends on the understanding of tool use and mechanical processes as well as the research experience of the analyst. Optical microscopy using reflected-light and stereomicroscopes continues to be the methodological backbone of Traceology. In addition, technological innovations in microscopy and material analysis have been introduced in recent years, attempting to overcome specific problems and to achieve better results, among them laser confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, GC-tandem MS and more to use-wear and residue analysis. , We invite traceologists and archaeologists who work in the field of microwear and residue analysis to present their latest research and the application of new techniques and instruments to contribute to the methodological debate, and to bring prehistoric tool uses in context with technological advancement, subsistence strategies and adaptation to different environments.

94 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298299 Climate change is one of the central topics of global scientific discussion in the last decades. Reports of extreme weather events and conditions, triggered by the environmental impact of global anthropogenic activities are today commonplace. Climatic fluctuations have been a constant phenomenon in the history of the planet and were particularly significant since the beginning of the Pleistocene.

Mountain ranges represent unique contexts for human occupation. Although their topography and elevation usually determine harsher conditions for life, their biodiversity and resource availability have always attracted human populations. Moreover, the effect of climatic fluctuations on human strategies is more pronounced in extreme environments, with mountain landscapes providing a prime example. Examining past human occupations in mountain landscapes with a specific focus on periods of past climatic change, offers us the possibility of uncovering issues and examples that are highly relevant for our current situation.

This session aims at discussing the relationships between climatic variations, environmental changes and human occupation of mountain environments through time and space. It addresses different aspects of the diachronic reconstruction of highlands with respect to natural resource exploitation, settlement, mobility and connections. We seek contributions addressing the aforementioned topics in all the different mountain ranges of the planet, from the Pleistocene through the Holocene, including the Anthropocene. Possible themes might include, but are not limited to: adaptations, responses and resilience during phases of climatic change; examples and interpretation of intensive use of the mountains in phases of climatic degradation or examples and interpretation of decreasing human occupation in phases of climatic amelioration.

95 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:298738 ANCIENT MIRRORS: ALWAYS REFLECTIVE AND GENERALLY SECRETIVE OBJECTS OF THE PAST CULTURES

Güner Coşkunsu 1, *, @ , Barbara Fash 2, *, @ , David S. Stuart 3, *, @ , Emiliano Gallaga Murrieta 4, *, @ , Jesús Gil Fuensanta 5, *, @ 1 : Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Seminario de Estudios Orientales “Adolfo de Rivadeneyra” c/ Facultad CC.EE.) 2 : Harvard University, Department of Anthropology 3 : The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Anthropology and LLILAS 4 : Escuela de Antropología del Norte de México-INAH Chihuahua. 5 : Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, La SEI-ICFS, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, c/ Facultad CC.EE * : Auteur correspondant

Mirrors or mirror-like objects/”mirrors” made of stones, minerals, glass and metal were found in various archaeological contexts, generally in burial, offering and cache contexts. These remarkable and somehow enigmatic objects are best known from Neolithic and Chalcolithic sites of Çatal Höyük, Domuz Tepe, Güvercin Kayası and Tepecik in Turkey; several Olmec, Maya, Aztec and Inca sites in Americas, as well as from ancient Egyptian and Indian excavations.

According to the realms of archaeological and historical recoveries, the mirror appears throughout the human history from prehistoric times to today and most likely still waters were the first mirror-like functioning natural element until actual mirrors made of solid material like obsidian, and later liquid “mirrors”/reflectors made of mercury were manufactured. Based on iconography informed by textual, historical and ethnographical accounts, solid and liquid mirrors were associated with the soul, supernatural spirits, afterlife, magic, scrying, sorcery, divination, astronomy, the sun, sun gods, fire, light, darkness, authority, hidden truth, cosmetics, beauty, scientific applications, luxury, prestige, self–recognition and self-delusion. However, because mirrors archaeologically have not been studied well, specifically those of Prehistory and Protohistory, both as a material object and non-material abstract remains of past cultures, they are still need to be explored. Therefore, this session aims to investigate prehistoric and protohistoric mirrors from all around the World both as a material object and other aspects beyond materiality; past peoples’ perception of mirrors and reflections on shiny objects; personal and societal need for gazing into mirrors from interdisciplinary and comparative perspectives. In addition to technological, typological, functional and experimental aspects, astronomical, symbolic, religious, magical, ritualistic, artistic, neuroscientific, and paleopsychological aspects also will be discussed.

96 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:299002

Submerged paleoenvironments and ancient remains found in wet environments (archeology and conservation)

Submerged landscapes or material remains, whether structures or artifacts recorded in humid environments, bring us information that could leave us to another understanding on the prehistory or protohistory occupation. These remains must also be treated methodologically by applying specific techniques to the environment in which they are integrated, being from the scientific field of archelogy or conservation, two sciences that need to go hand on hand when studying these kind of traces This session pretends to focus your discussion on two points: 1. On one hand the understanding and establishment of old landscape pictures recorded in coastal areas, lakes or river courses. 2. On the other hand, to confront methodological and technical options in the process of registration, interpretation and understanding of structures and artifacts found in wet or underwater zones, whether in archeology or conservation.

97 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:299961 19th World UISPP Congress | Meknès, Morocco, 1-6 September 2020 | Session proposal

SESSION TITLE: UNTOLD STORIES: WOMEN AND ARCHAEOLOGY IN AFRICA

THEME: Historiography, methods and theory

AUTHORS: Laura Coltofean-Arizancu, Postdoctoral Researcher | Universitat de Barcelona, Spain | email: [email protected]; [email protected] Ana Cristina Martins, Research Associate | IHC-FCSH NOVA – Pólo Universidade de Évora and Uniarq-UL, Portugal | email: [email protected] Nathan Schlanger, Professor | École nationale des Chartes and UMR Trajectoires, France | email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT In the last thirty years, research devoted to women in archaeology has increased considerably, confirming the previously unrecognized role they played in the development of the discipline. However, these studies have mostly focused on renowned and successful female archaeologists from Western Europe, North America and Australia. Little attention has been given to the more conventional and sometimes less visible professional trajectories of women working as museum curators, conservators, educators, illustrators, photographers, or to those who pursued their interest in archaeology as collectors or on the side of their male relatives. As a consequence, women involved in archaeology in Africa, Eastern Europe, Asia and South America have remained largely unknown. This session addresses the various modes by which women have engaged with archaeological practice and knowledge production in Africa, from the nineteenth to the twentieth century. With the aim of contributing to both social and intellectual history of science, as well as to colonial studies, we invite papers that explore any of the following topics: - intellectual biographies of professional and amateur female archaeologists in the political, cultural, social and economic contexts of the places where they lived and worked in Africa; - the contribution of women to the development of archaeological theory and practice in the same geographical area, and to fostering pluri- and interdisciplinary collaborations in the field; - women’s participation in creating archaeological collections and museums, as well as in the management, protection and conservation of archaeological heritage in Africa; - and analyses of women’s interpretations of archaeological records and the particularities of their research. We also welcome papers discussing the inclusion of women in the profession in Africa and the different factors that influenced this complex process (e.g., political and colonial ideologies, socio-economic, personal); the role of social and academic networks in women’s disciplinary integration and the dissemination of their work; and the relationship between the personal and professional lives of female archaeologists.

KEYWORDS: Africa; history of archaeology; colonial science; women; archaeology; archaeological heritage; museum; collection; disciplinary integration; academic network.

98 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:300643 First husbandry practices in the Mediterranean area

Alejandro Sierra, Roger Alcàntara, Vanessa Navarrete, Maria Saña

The study of animal husbandry practices can be carried out from very different methodological approaches. Their integration can help to advance our knowledge of the modes of management of domestic herds in the earliest farming societies.

Husbandry practices are articulated around two fundamental aspects: livestock management, and exploitation of animal products. Livestock management involves human control over feeding, reproduction, and mobility of domestic animals. An integrated approach to study these aspects is fundamental to characterize the different modes and strategies of livestock management. In turn, husbandry and animal farming are related to the management of the first domestic herds and the selective pressures exerted on them. Therefore, it is essential to investigate selective pressures in the context of livestock management and animal products' exploitation via multidisciplinary approaches to infer the different modalities and strategies that may have taken place.

This session aims to focus on recent studies on the first livestock practices in the Mediterranean area, centering around the different modes of herd management that were carried out in different regions of this geographical area.

99 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:300712 Emergence d'Homo sapiens et son contexte naturel et culturel /Emergence of Homo sapiens and its natural and cultural context.

Code panel

/Number Names Abdelouahed Ben-Ncer Dominique Grimaud-Hervé Email [email protected] [email protected] Phone +212 661205978 +33 1 44 05 72 49 Department Département de Préhistoire UMR 7194 - HNHP Institutional Institut national des sciences de Musée de l'Homme affiliation l’Archéologie et du patrimoine City, Country Rabat-Maroc Paris-France Career stage Professor Professor Émergence d'Homo sapiens et son contexte naturel et culturel / Emergence of Homo Panel Full Title sapiens and its natural and cultural context. Keywords Emergence, Homo sapiens, Middle Stone Age, Middle Peistocene, Topic Premières occupations humaines / First human occupations Les données récentes du site de Jbel Irhoud, Maroc (Hublin et al., 2017 ; Richter et al., 2017) font état d’une nouvelle origine de l’espèce Homo sapiens et du Middle Stone Age (MSA) associé. Ces données sont venues souligner les similitudes aussi bien anthropo-morphologiques que fauniques et lithiques qui existent à l’échelle du continent africain. Daté par thermoluminescence, l’âge d’environ 300 000 ans de ce complexe (Homo sapiens-MSA) est le plus ancien qui soit connu à ce jour. Il se retrouve renforcé par une faune qui remonte au Pléistocène moyen (Geraads et al., 2013), ce qui prouve que l’Afrique du Nord dût jouer un rôle important dans cette émergence. Il se trouve que dans ce cas précis, les 3 composantes que sont les restes humains, l’assemblage lithique et les vestiges fauniques convergent de manière pertinente vers cette ancienneté. Cela atteste du potentiel réel de l’Afrique du Nord, mais aussi de la nécessité de revisiter les vestiges qui y sont mis au jour jusqu’ici, de reconsidérer les résultats obtenus et de faire en sorte que la découverte de nouveaux sites et la quête de nouveaux vestiges puissent se développer à travers le monde. Panel abstract The recent data from the Jbel Irhoud site, Morocco (Hublin et al., 2017, Richter et al., 2017) report a new origin of Homo sapiens and associated Middle Stone Age (MSA). These data come to underline the similarities between morpho- anthropological characters, faunal and lithic that exist on the scale of the African continent at the Middle Stone Age (MSA). Dated by Thermoluminescence, the age around 300 000 years ago (Homo sapiens-MSA), is the oldest known to date. This age finds himself supported by the fauna that goes back to the mid-Pleistocene (Geraads et al., 2013). ), which proves that North Africa must play an important role in this emergence. It turns out that in this case, the 3 components that are the human remains, the lithic assemblage and the faunal remains converge in a relevant way towards this seniority. This testifies to the real potential of this region but also to the need to revisit the remains that have been uncovered so far, to reconsider the results obtained and to ensure that the discovery of new sites and the search for new remains can develop around the world.

Presentation and Cette session se veut l'occasion de jeter les ponts d'une coopération entre chercheurs

100 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:301470 interest of the opérant généralement dans les 4 coins du monde et en Afrique du Nord en particulier et subject qui s'intéressent à la problématique de l’émergence d’Homo sapiens. Il s'agira de croiser les points de vue suite à des présentations d'études de cas de différentes régions du monde en général et de l’Afrique du Nord en particulier This session is an opportunity to throw bridges of cooperation between researchers generally operating in all the world and in North Africa in particular and who are interested in the problematic of the emergence of Homo sapiens. This meeting will be an opportunity to exchange the points of view following presentations of case studies of different regions of the world in general and of North Africa in particular.

101 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:301470 UISPP Paris 2018: « Late stone talks: Lithic Industries in Metal Ages » Organizers: F. Manclossi Contact: [email protected] In study of protohistorical and early historical times, the general indifference for late lithic industries, and the idea that stone-metal replacement was a self-evident and automatic process, explains why, traditionally, archaeologists focused on the new materials and technologies related to their productions. The emergence and development of metallurgy has always been more attractive. Lithic productions were neglected and considered a heritage of prehistoric traditions. Although chipped-stone tools were recognized as a component of the material culture of the Metal Ages, lithic industries did not interest the archaeologists working on protohistorical and early historical societies, or the Paleolithic and Neolithic flint tool specialists. The limited importance given to lithic productions as an expression of cultural identities of protohistorial and early historical societies drives the archaeologists working on these periods to prefer other materials considered to be more informative. At the same time, these industries did not seem suitable for approaching the socio-political and historical aspects which are the dominant topics in archaeological research of these periods. Despite these premises, analyses of chipped stone tools of the Metal Ages have developed significantly since the 60’s in Europe and the 80’s in the Near East. These studies show new potential for the characterization of the societies producing and using flint tools, and for understanding the ultimate replacement of those tools by metals. In this session, we will bring together scholars working in the Near East, in Eastern and Western Europe to present their research and present the state of art of lithic industries in metal using societies. We will encourage debate on change and continuity related to the use of chipped-stone tools, theoretical frameworks, methodological approaches and current issues. We anticipate stimulating discussions among the participants from these different geographical areas that focus on lithic industries from protohistorical and early historical times.

Key words: Metal Ages, lithic, technology, use-wear analysis, experimental archaeology

102 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:301754 La circulation des métaux et des métallurgies au Maghreb pré et protohistorique: état de la recherche Fouad Essaadi 1, *, @ , Elisée Coulibaly 2, @ 1 : office national du tourisme tunisien 2 : Archéologie et sciences de l'antiquité Université Paris 1-Pantheon-Sorbonne * : Auteur correspondant

A ce jour, les phéniciens comme leurs descendants les phénico-puniques , auraient été Les premiers à mettre en œuvre des techniques métallurgiques dans la foulée de leur conquétes des territoires maghrébins ; ceci grace à l’archéo-métallurgie. Bien que inégalement développée dans ces contrées ; elle a concerné principalement les techniques anciennes de la production du fer. Quant à leur panoplie d’objets et outils , tous métaux et alliages confondus ,ils nous sont parvenus associés au matériel funéraire de ces conquérants. Toutefois, des découvertes provenant d’occupations antérieures à l’arrivée des phéniciens, laisse penser à l’existence d’une utilisation autochtone du métal ;sujet à débat car insuffisamment documentée et quasi-absente des études analytiques en vigueur

103 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:301776

Number First & last Jorge ONRUBIA David MATTINGLY Youssef BOKBOT names PINTADO Email address [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Phone number +212 663810058 Department & Université Castilla-la INSAP, Rabat, Université de Leicester Faculty Mancha Institut National des Institutional Université Castilla-la Sciences d’Archéologie et Université de Leicester affiliation Mancha du Patrimoine (INSAP) City, Country Rabat, Maroc Ciudad Real Espagne Leicester, Royaume Uni Career stage Professeur Professeur Professeur Substrats autochtones et contacts culturels au Maghreb et Sahara de l'âge du Bronze à la fin de l'Antiquité

Panel Full Title Native Substrates and Cultural Contacts in the Maghreb and the Sahara from the Bronze Age to Late Antiquity

Substrats autochtones, Maghreb, Sahara, Age du Bronze, Antiquité, Pré-Islam Keywords Indigenous societies , Bronze Age, Antiquity, Maghreb, Sahara

Topic of the panel Le développement des techniques de navigation en Méditerranée et dans les côtes orientales de l’Atlantique nord à partir de l’âge du Bronze va contribuer à la mise en place de contacts culturels et ethniques entre le Proche Orient, l’Europe et le nord de l’Afrique, dont certains s’insinuaient déjà à la fin du Néolithique. Le cabotage côtier va céder la place au grand cabotage, voire à la navigation en haute mer, favorisant ainsi l’arrivée et l’installation de populations allochtones sur le littoral du Maghreb. Cette dynamique coloniale, qui n’est pas sans relation avec le peuplement préhispanique des îles Canaries, est particulièrement nette à partir de la présence des navigateurs phéniciens et grecs sur les côtes africaines. Elle atteindra son point culminant avec la conquête romaine. Panel abstract Au même moment, les marges orientales du Maghreb sont ouvertes à une influence, apparemment assez limitée, en provenance de l’Egypte pharaonique. Et dans le centre et le sud du Sahara ont lieu d’importants changements culturels et sociaux. L’origine de ceux-ci semble en partie liée à l’existence de relations transsahariennes dont la chronologie, remontant probablement au Ier millénaire av. J.-C., est désormais bien attestée, grâce aux recherches archéologiques, pour la première moitié du Ier millénaire AD.

L’histoire du Maghreb et du Sahara entre l’âge du Bronze et la fin de l’Antiquité est largement tributaire de cette dynamique de colonisation, d’échanges et d’hybridation culturelle qui ne se fait pas, force est de le

104 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:302755 constater, dans un sens unique. De ce point de vue, le rôle des sociétés « indigènes » dans tout ce processus doit être mis en avant. D’autant plus que cette période est aussi marquée par les relations socioculturelles et économiques qu’entretiennent entre elles les propres sociétés autochtones. English text : The development of navigation techniques in the Mediterranean and the eastern coast of the North Atlantic from the Bronze Age onwards contributed to the establishment of cultural and ethnic contacts between the Middle East, Europe and the North Africa (with some hints of beginnings at the end of the Neolithic). Coastal cabotage evolved to navigation on the high seas, thus favoring the arrival and settlement of non-native populations on the Maghrebian coast. This colonial dynamic is particularly clear from the presence of Phoenician and Greek sailors on the African coast and it reached its climax with the Roman conquest. At the same time, the eastern margins of the Maghreb were open to an apparently limited influence from Pharaonic Egypt, while in the center and south of the Sahara there were important cultural and social changes. The origin of these seems partly linked to the existence of trans-Saharan connections, whose development became pronounced in the 1st millennium BC, as is now well attested, thanks to archaeological research. The history of the Maghreb and the Sahara between the Bronze Age and the end of Antiquity is largely dependent on this dynamic of colonization, with a focus on the external contribution to exchanges and cultural hybridization. From this point of view, the role of "indigenous" societies in this whole process must now be emphasized. This is especially significant since this period also marked a crucial evolution in the socio-cultural and economic status of autochtonous societies.

Cette session se propose de faire le point sur la genèse des substrats qui caractérisent les sociétés autochtones attestées au Maghreb et au Sahara entre 1500 av. J.-C. et 600 ap. J.-C. et sur le rôle joué Presentation and interest par les contacts culturels dans leur configuration. of the subject

Please note that this This session aims to explore the genesis of the characteristic description will allow you to evaluate your panel aspects of the indigenous societies attested in the Maghreb and the proposal. Sahara between 1500 BC and 600 AD and on the role played in their evolution by the cultural contacts.

105 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:302755

« The rivers run but soon run dry… ». Archéologie de l’eau et des précipitations dans l’iconographie saharienne préhistorique.

L’image rupestre saharienne a souvent été présentée dans sa diversité stylistique et chronologique mais rarement considérée en fonction d’une répartition qui mettrait en avant son implantation en fonction des possibilités d’accès à l’eau ; depuis l’Holocène, les populations présentes se sont rapprochées des zones élevées, massifs ou plateaux, où la pluie était encore susceptible de tomber, ou le long d’oueds/wadis périodiquement en eau. Les sources et les pluies servent de points de concentration d’occupations. Les berges de lacs résiduels ont été occupées également par des implantations humaines plus ou moins pérennes. Cette eau qui vient du ciel, lorsqu’il pleut dans les massifs, ayant pour contre partie l’eau qui sort de la terre, lorsque les rivières se remplissent brutalement, puisées dans les sources et les puits, forment-elles une dialectique qui se retranscrit au niveau des images rupestres ? L’eau elle-même n’est pour ainsi dire pas représentée, mais peut-on détecter dans les représentations situées dans les lieux élevés des thématiques ou des motifs qui permettraient de les distinguer des sites implantés dans les plaines ? C’est une telle approche que l’on voudrait aborder avec cette session, permettant une transversalité peu usitée pour comprendre l’image rupestre saharienne, peinte ou gravée, produite par les sociétés holocènes confrontées de manière de plus en plus pressante au problème de l’aridité.

106 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:303428 Title: Discontinuity within knapping processes during the Middle Paleolithic/Middle Stone Age.

Titre: Discontinuité des chaînes opératoires au Paléolithique moyen/Middle Stone Age.

Key-words: Knapping processes – Chaînes opératoires – Mobility – Middle Paleolithic – Middle Stone Age

Mots-clés : Chaînes opératoires – Mobilité - Paléolithique moyen – Middle Stone Age

Organizers :

Cyrielle Mathias (UMR 7194 – Histoire Naturelle de l’Homme Préhistorique)

Laurence Bourguignon (INRAP / UMR 7041 – Archéologies et Sciences de l’Antiquité)

María Gema Chacón (Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social – UMR 7194 - Histoire Naturelle de l’Homme Préhistorique)

Abstract:

The fragmented character of lithic reduction sequences during the Middle Paleolithic/MSA is attested on numerous sites from MIS 9 to 3 (Turq et al., 2013). The presence of discontinuous knapping processed in the archaeological record is induced by mobility patterns but not only.

This session aims to discuss on which forms the discontinuity exists in the lithic record and what they are due. We wish to make a particular focus on the artefact statuses that does not always match into a box (tool/core).

These problematics can be addressed through raw materials management (spatiotemporal techno-economical processes; import, discard and export events) or reduction sequences organization (management of chaînes opératoires within a site). Raw material economy or chaînes opératoires (simple, successive, ramified), can provide data on technical choices, mobility of the group and of objects. In that context this session aims also to discuss recycling phenomenon and secondary uses of artefacts.

107 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:304401 These presentation will allow to discuss adaptive strategies of MP/MSA groups to their landscapes and environments. These strategies may explain in part the variability observed in MP/MSA technologies.

Résumé :

Le caractère fragmenté des chaînes opératoires lithiques au cours du Paléolithique moyen/MSA est attesté dans de nombreux sites entre les MIS 9 et 3 (Turq et al., 2013). La présence de processus de taille discontinus dans le registre archéologique peut être induite par le système de mobilité des groupes mais pas seulement.

Cette session a pour objectif de discuter sous quelles formes se matérialisent les discontinuités dans le registre archéologique et à quoi elles sont dues. Nous aimerions en particulier revenir sur le statut de certains artefacts qui ne rentrent pas toujours dans une case prédéfinie (outil/nucléus).

Ces problématiques peuvent être abordées à travers la gestion différentielle de certains matériaux (processus techno-économiques dans le temps et l’espace ; import, abandon, export) ou l’organisation des chaînes opératoires (gestion au sein d’un site). L’économie des matières premières et l’imbrication des chaînes opératoires (simples, successives, ramifiées) peuvent nous apporter des informations sur les choix techniques, la mobilité des groupes et des objets. Dans ce contexte, cette session vise également à discuter des phénomènes de recyclages et d’utilisation secondaire des artefacts.

Ces présentations nous permettront de discuter des stratégies adaptatives des groupes PM/MSA à leurs paysages et environnements respectifs. Ces stratégies pourraient expliquer en partie la variabilité observée dans les systèmes techniques.

108 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:304401 Louis De Weyer - Université Nanterre - Paris X - Chercheur associé UMR 7041 ArScAn - AnTET Anthropologie des Techniques, des Espaces et des Territoires au Pliocène et au Pléistocène

Cyril Viallet – Paléotime - Chercheur associé UMR 7194 HNHP - DisCo

Pierre Magniez - Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Minist Culture, LAMPEA, UMR 7269, Aix-en-Provence

Loic Lebreton - Chercheur associé UMR 7194 HNHP - PAST

Transition Pléistocène inférieur pléistocène moyen autour de la Méditerranée, approches environnementales et comportementales

La transition écologique du Pléistocène inférieur au Pléistocène moyen est de mieux en mieux documentée ces dernières années. De nombreux chercheurs développent des approches variées et complémentaires qui permettent de mieux cerner les modalités des changements et adaptations techniques et environnementaux. Les rythmes différents du développement des LCTs – notamment – entre les rives Nord et Sud du bassin méditerranéen, dénotent d’une variabilité que l’environnement sensu lato peut aider à appréhender.

De par sa position géographique privilégiée, le circumméditerranéen est le théâtre d’une diversité de comportements qu’il convient aujourd’hui de synthétiser en regroupant les chercheurs s’intéressant à cette période charnière du Paléolithique inférieur. Ainsi, cette session ambitionne de rassembler la communauté scientifique autour de questionnements dont la résolution est nécessairement pluridisciplinaire. La présentation de ces données permettra de mieux cerner les enjeux méthodologiques à venir afin de documenter les comportements adaptatifs et les voies migratoires empruntées par les groupes humains lors de la transition Pléistocène inférieur / Pléistocène moyen.

109 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:304403 RAW MATERIAL PROCUREMENT, MOBILITY AND TERRITORIALITY IN THE MIDDLE PALAEOLITHIC

Organizers Ekaterina Doronicheva, ANO Laboratory of Prehistory, 14 Linia 3–11, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia [email protected] Paul Fernandes, Paléotime, 6173 avenue Jean-Séraphin Achard-Picard 38250 Villard-de-Lans [email protected] Andras Marko Hungarian National Museum Budapest, 14-16 Múzeum krt. Hungary – 1088 [email protected]

This session examines variants of procurement of various raw materials in the Middle Paleolithic. We would like to address the questions 1) how procurement and availability of raw materials influenced on the exploitation of the raw material types, the lithic technologies, the technological development, and the transportation of stone raw materials from local and long- distant sources, and finally, 2) To understand the impact of stone raw materials on mobility and territoriality in different Middle Palaeolithic cultures or entities, in different regions, and during different phases of the Middle Palaeolithic. Other topics that may be addressed include methodological issues related to our interpretation of the data available on stone raw material procurement during this era and their possible solutions. We encourage contributions related to various aspects relevant to the main theme, as well as presentations of specific cases from different types of Middle Palaeolithic sites in Eurasia, methodological presentations showing specific cases, and overviews of the current state of these research issues.

110 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:306403 L’ENSEIGNEMENT UNIVERSITAIRE DE LA PREHISTOIRE ET DE LA PROTOHISTOIRE

Organisateurs

François Sémah Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, France [email protected]

Luiz Oosterbeek Institut polytechnique de Tomar, Portugal [email protected]

François Djindjian Université de Paris 1 et UMR 7041 Arscan, France [email protected]

Résumé

La nature multidisciplinaire de la préhistoire à la convergence des sciences de la Terre, des sciences exactes, des sciences humaines et sociales, de l'informatique, de l'ingénierie de terrain confère une difficulté particulière à cet enseignement dans le cadre universitaire. La plupart des enseignements universitaires sont aujourd’hui donnés en facultés des sciences humaines et en faculté des sciences de la Terre. Cette session se propose de mettre en évidence les possibilités et les difficultés des enseignements dans ces différents contextes et les tendances actuelles. Quelles places donner à l’enseignement des méthodes, des techniques, des outils informatiques ? Quelle formation de base faut-il attendre des étudiants entrant dans le cursus universitaires de l’archéologie ? Faut-il créer des enseignements spécialisés pour répondre à la demande de l’archéologie préventive, différente du monde académique traditionnel ? La préhistoire et la protohistoire ont-elles toujours des difficultés à obtenir la création de chaires dans les universités et d’accéder aux académies ? La session fera ainsi le point de la situation actuelle dans les différents continent afin d’en tirer une leçon établir une stratégie pour le futur.

111 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:306408 New methods for exploring flint mines - From producers to consumers, from Prehistory to History

Françoise Bostyn University of Paris 1- Sorbonne Rue Michelet 75006 Paris [email protected]

Michael Brandl Austrian Academy of Sciences OREA Institute Hollandstrasse 11-13 1020 Vienna [email protected]

François Giligny University of Paris 1- Sorbonne Rue Michelet 75006 Paris [email protected]

Commission: Flint mining in Pre and Protohistoric Times

Résumé

L’objectif de cette session est de proposer un large panorama des méthodes actuelles utilisées pour procéder à l’analyse des sites miniers depuis la Préhistoire jusqu’à nos jours. Les communications seront réparties en trois thématiques générales. Le premier volet concernera les méthodes de détection des mines ou des carrières, quelles soient destructives ou non (géophysique, lidar, etc…), les méthodes de caractérisation des matières premières ainsi que celles mises en œuvre pour comprendre l’organisation des systèmes d’exploitation eux-mêmes. Le second volet de la session abordera les approches technologiques des productions minières. En détaillant les différentes chaînes opératoires de production, il s’agira de discuter des différences de traitement des matériaux, des niveaux de savoir-faire mis en jeux pour chaque production et d’en dégager des inférences sociales (spécialisation, apprentissage). Les contextes socio-économiques de production constitueront le dernier volet des approches envisagées. En se plaçant conjointement du côté des exploitants mais aussi des utilisateurs des produits miniers, il s’agira de mesurer le rôle des sites miniers dans l’organisation territoriale des ensembles culturels concernés et de pointer les changements perceptibles dans la structuration des systèmes techniques de productions.

112 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:306637

Abstract

The primary objective of this session is to offer a broad overview of current methods used to analyze mining sites from Prehistory to the present day. In order to achieve this task, the papers will be divided into three general topics. The first part will be methodological, focusing on both destructive and non-destructive techniques for detecting mines and quarries (e.g. excavations, geophysics, Lidar, etc.), in tandem with well-established and innovative techniques for the characterization of lithic raw materials and methods implemented to understand the organization of the systems of exploitation. The second part of the session will concern technological approaches to mining production. By detailing the full breadth of potential ‘chaines operatoires’ involved in lithic tool manufacture, differences in the treatment of specific raw materials, varying levels of know- how and issues related to social inferences such as specialization or apprenticeship will be addressed. Discussing socio-economic contexts of production will constitute the last part of the envisioned approaches. By taking both, the perspective of the producers and the consumers of mining products, the role of the mining sites in relation to the territorial organization of the involved cultural groups will be examined, as well as perceptible changes in the structuration of technological production systems.

113 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:306637 UISPP, Meknès, 2020 Intitulée de la session : Arts rupestres maghrébins entre richesse et défis de conservation

Responsables de la session :

1. Lemjidi Abdelkhalek: Professeur à Institut National des Sciences d’Archéologie et du Patrimoine (INSAP), Rabat, Maroc ([email protected]) 2. Aouraghe Hassan : Professeur à l’Université Mohamed 1er, Oujda, Maroc ([email protected]) 3. Bouajaja Momamed: Professeur à l’Université Ibn Zohrr Agadir, Maroc ([email protected]) 4. Ait Ali Yahia Samia: Professeur à l’Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi-Ouzou, Algérie ([email protected]) 5. Iddir Amara, Professeur à Institut d'Archéologie, Université Alger II, Algérie & Associé CNRS- UMR 7055, France ([email protected])

Résumé Le Maghreb est une zone historico-culturelle très riche en patrimoine rupestre. Des milliers de sites de peintures et de gravures ont été répertoriés et d'autres restent à découvrir. Cette composante des patrimoines maghrébins témoigne d'une haute antiquité à intérêt scientifique incontestable. Nonobstant les quelques réussites de valorisation des sites rupestres ici et là sur l'aire Maghrébine, les arts rupestres présentent une fragilité claire. La mise en valeur du patrimoine rupestre reste le parent pauvre des stratégies de développement chez les gouvernements maghrébins. Dans l’état actuel des connaissances, on distingue trois risques majeurs qui mettent en question la prolongation de vie des sites d'art rupestre: - L'aménagement, non concerté, des territoires du Maghreb. - Tourisme non contrôlé et commerce illicite. - Manque de coordination entre les services compétents et la société civile au Maghreb. Des politiques de protection des sites archéologiques en générale et rupestres en particulier ont commencé à susciter un certain intérêt chez les décideurs maghrébins. Le XIXème Congrès de l'UISPP est une nouvelle opportunité pour les chercheurs maghrébins d'étudier les moyens de protéger et de valoriser le patrimoine rupestre gravé et peint. C'est une occasion aussi, de convenir à réduire l'ampleur du manque de coordination entre les institutions maghrébines concernées par la valorisation du patrimoine archéologique, dans le but d'en faire un espace qui rapprochera les chercheurs et la société maghrébine. Sur le plan scientifique, cette session est l'occasion d'échanger des points de vue et présenter les dernières réalisations et réussites de recherches archéologiques des arts rupestres. Certes, il y a des sujets épineux encore à discuter, comme la problématique des datations absolues des arts rupestres du Maghreb, ainsi que les méthodes de recherche sur le terrain et la protection des peintures et gravures des dégradations, naturelle et anthropique. La session présentera les derniers renouvellements de nos connaissances sur les arts rupestres maghrébins, tant sur les paysages gravés et l’Histoire de l’anthropisation que sur la signification de ces arts. Outre l’intérêt scientifique, la session discuteras les implications sociales et économiques des arts rupestres, en particulier par son volet « patrimonialisation » et valorisation touristique. En effet, les atouts culturels et patrimoniaux de ces arts, une fois définis, au sens large constitueront une aubaine extrêmement prometteuse pour la relance d’un tourisme culturel qui serait bien plus bénéfique pour l'ensemble du Maghreb. Mots clés: Art rupestre, dégradation/protection, valorisation, Maghreb,

114 sciencesconf.org:uispp2020:319529 AUX ORIGINES DE L’UTILISATION DES PLANTES : ETUDES ETHNOBOTANIQUES ET DES MACRO RESTES VEGETAUX

Abdelhamid Zaid ∗† 1, Lhoussaine El Rhaﬀari ∗‡ 1, Jacob Morales ∗ § 2, Abdeljalil Bouzouggar ∗¶ 3

1 Université de Moulay Ismail – Maroc 2 Universidad de Las Islas Canarias – Espagne 3 Institut National des Sciences de lÁrchéologie et du Patrimoine – Maroc

Aux origines de l’utilisation des plantes : études ethnobotaniques et des macro restes végétaux

Abdelhamid ZAID1, Lhoussaine EL RHAFFARI1, Jacob Morales2 et Abdeljalil Bouzouggar3

L’utilisation des plantes a été attestée depuis les époques préhistoriques, pratique qui est ap- puyée par les recherches archéologiques qui ont de plus en plus recours à des techniques de collecte et d’enregistrement des données qui aident grandement à approcher les processus de traitement et de consommation des plantes.

Les enquêtes ethnobotaniques ont également permis de mieux comprendre les utilisations actuelles des plantes comme source alimentaire ou dans des traitements thérapeutiques de certaines mal- adies.

Nous souhaitons à travers cette session de discuter des dernières avancées en matière de l’utilisation des plantes, leur valorisation et mettre en place des collaborations autour de ce thème concernant les études de terrain et au laboratoire.

The use of the plants is identiﬁed during the prehistoric periods, a such practice is supported by the archaeological resaerches which are using more data collecting and processing to better understand the treatment and the consumption of the plants.

Ethnobotany researches also allowed to understand the modern use of the plants as a food source or to cure certain disease.

Here in this session we hope to discuss the latest progress realised looking at the plants use, their enhancement and to set up collaborations about this topic regarding both the ﬁeld and laboratory researches.

∗Intervenant †Auteur correspondant: [email protected] ‡Auteur correspondant: elrhaﬀ[email protected] §Auteur correspondant: [email protected] ¶Auteur correspondant: [email protected]

115 • Université Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Morocco

• Universidad de Las Islas Canarias, Spain

• Institut National des Sciences de l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine, Morocco

Mots-Clés: ethnobotanie, macro, restes végétaux, utilisations actuelles

116 Liste des participants

• Ackerfeld Dana

• Ade Okopi

• Adewumi Opeyemi

• Akhilesh Kumar

• Allen Scott

• Amara Iddir

• Anati Emmanuel

• Angelo Vintaloro

• Antonova Yulia

• Aouraghe Hassan

• Arnaud Julie

• Arzarello Marta

• Asya Engovatova

• Atta Emmanuel N’guettia

• Barich Barbara E.

• Berkani Hayette

• Bonsall Clive

• Bostyn Françoise

• Boudad Larbi

• Bouzouggar Abdeljalil

• Bowser Brenda

• Cameron Catherine

• Cartwright Rachel

• Coimbra Fernando

• Coulibaly Elisée

117 • Coulibaly Mamadou

• Cura Sara

• Cura Pedro

• Daneels Annick

• De Weyer Louis

• Delﬁno Davide

• Djindjian François

• Dupuy Christian

• El Mhassani Mohamed

• Essaadi Fouad

• Ethridge Robbie

• Fash Barbara

• Fernandez-Gotz Manuel

• Figueiredo Alexandra

• Fogarty Doris

• Gallotti Rosalia

• Garcês Sara

• Gil Fuensanta Jesus

• Giuseppa Tanda

• Gladyshev Sergey

• Goder Goldberger Mae

• Goren-Inbar Naama

• Gurova Maria

• Hadjouis Djillali

• Haklay Gil

• Hamdeen Hamad

• Herberts Ana

• Hrncir Vaclav

• Iddir Smail

• Jaballi Rached

• Joaquinito Anabela

• Kiriama Herman

118 • Kusimba Chapurukha

• Kvetina Petr

• La Porta Alice

• Lemjidi Abdelkhalek

• Lemjidi Faysal

• Leventhal Richard M

• López Gabriel

• Masrour Aissa

• Masson Mourey Jules

• Mathias Cyrielle

• Matos Daniela

• Moncel Marie-Hélène

• Monroe J. Cameron

• Nahid Abderrazzak

• Nash George

• Oosterbeek Luiz

• Otte Marcel

• Pappu Shanti

• Parow-Souchon Hannah

• Pereira Telmo

• Pereira Anabela

• Plutniak Sébastien

• Price Neil

• Raﬃeld Ben

• Real Margalef Cristina

• Reitmaier Thomas

• Resendez Andres

• Ribeiro Nuno

• Rivallain Josette

• Rivera Mario

• Rosina Pierluigi

• Sahnoun Hocine

119 • Sari Latifa

• Schuster Cristian

• Shemer Maayan

• Silva Fabíola

• Sirbu Valeriu

• Tabarev Andrey

• Thiam Djibril

• Tony Hamon

• Torras Freixa Maria

• Vadillo Margarita

• Verheyden Sophie

• Xhauﬂair Hermine

120 Liste des auteurs

Álvarez Fernández Esteban, 85 Cameron Catherine, 13 Çelebi Binnur, 55 Campana Stefano, 51 Carballo Pérez Jared, 11, 12 Abidi Haithem, 78 Carrer Francesco, 95 Ait Ali Yahia Samia, 114 Cartwright Rachel,8 Alcàntara Roger, 99 Chacón Gema, 15 Alessandro Guidi, 49, 50 Chacón M. Gema, 91, 92 Allen Scott, 13 Chakroun Amel, 11, 12 Amara Iddir, 11, 12 Cinta S. Bellmunt, 20 Anati Emmanuel, 56, 57 Coşkunsu Güner, 55, 96 Anderson Lars, 19 Coimbra Fernando,2 Andy Raymann,5,6 Coltofean-Arizancu Laura, 98 Aouadi Nabiha, 78 Conard Nicholas, 91, 92 Aouraghe Hassan, 114 Coulibaly Elisée, 103 Arias Pablo, 85 Cura Sara, 34 Arnaud Julie, 24 Arzarello Marta, 35 Dabas Michel, 51 Assaf Ella, 28, 29 Daneels Annick,9, 10 Azevêdo Teresa, 65–69 Davide Delﬁno,5,6 De Weyer Louis, 109 Baena Preysler Javier, 28, 29 Delﬁno Davide,4, 20 Bailly Maxence, 106 Della Casa Philippe, 82, 83, 95 Barton Nick, 26, 84 Depalmas Anna, 78 Ben-Ncer Abdelouahed, 100, 101 Di Nucci Annarosa, 20 Benlamine Lalla Khaddouj, 23 Diniz Mariana T., 85 Berrocal-Rangel Luis,4 Djindjian François, 37–41, 111 Biro Katalin, 40 Doronicheva Ekaterina, 110 Bocoum Hamady, 71 Dridi Hédi, 82, 83 Bokbot Youssef, 44, 104, 105 Bonanno Anthony, 78 EL RHAFFARI, Lhoussaine, 115 Bostyn Françoise, 112, 113 Emmitt Joshua, 44 Bouajaja Momamed, 114 Essaadi Fouad, 103 Boudad Larbi, 26, 36 Ethridge Robbie, 13 Bouzouggar Abdeljalil, 26, 30–32 Ewague Abdelhadi, 106 BOUZOUGGAR, Abdeljalil, 115 Bowser Brenda, 13 Fash Barbara, 96 Bracco Jean-Pierre, 30–32 Fernandes Benjamim José, 72 Brandherm Dirk,4 Fernandes Paul, 110 Brandl Michael, 112, 113 Fernandez-Gotz Manuel,8 Bridgland David R., 34 Fernando Coimbra,5,6 Figueiredo Alexandra, 97 C. Ordóñez Alejandra, 11, 12 Fiore Ivana, 88 Calippo Flavio, 97 Fontana Federica, 95 Callanan Martin, 95 Ford Anne, 61 Camara Abdoulaye, 33, 36, 73 Franco Nora, 79–81

121 Gabelmann Olga, 48 Levanthal Richard, 13 Gabriele Berruti,5,6 Linstädter Jörg, 44 Gallaga Murrieta Emiliano, 96 Longo Laura, 93, 94 Gallotti Rosalia, 52, 87 Lopez Montalvo Esther, 74 Garcês Sara, 16, 17, 74 Lorenzo Carlos, 24 Gatto Maria Carmela, 44 Lucarini Giulio, 44 Gema Chacón María, 107, 108 Lugliè Carlo, 78 Gheorghiu Dragos,2, 16, 17, 21, 22 Giannitrapani Enrico, 14 Márquez Belén, 93, 94 Gil Fuensanta Jesús, 96 Macamo Solange, 53 Gil Fuensanta Jesus, 55 Magniez Pierre, 109 Giligny François, 112, 113 Malinsky-Buller Ariel,7, 18 Giumlia-Mair Alessandra, 45 Mallol Carolina, 76, 77 Giuseppa Tanda, 78 Manclossi Francesca, 102 Goder Goldberger Mae,7 Mangado Xavier, 95 Golitko Mark, 45 Mansur Maria Estela, 95 Gomes Hugo, 74 Marko Andras, 110 Gopher Avi, 42, 43 Martins Ana Cristina, 98 Graﬀ Gwenola, 106 Mathias Cyrielle, 107, 108 Grifoni Cremonesi Renata, 78 Mattingly David, 104, 105 Grimaud-Hervé Dominique, 24, 100, 101 Mazzia Natalia, 79–81 Gur-Arieh Shira, 76 Menéndez Iglesias Beatriz, 86 Mesﬁn Isis, 61 Hadjouis Djillali,3, 23, 70 Milks Annemieke, 62, 63 Haendel Marc, 75 Miller Christopher E., 76, 77 Hrnčíř Václav, 13 Mohib Abderrahim, 52 Humphrey Louise, 26 Moncel Marie-Hélène, 35 Monroe J. Cameron, 13 Iakovleva Lioudmila, 75 Morales Juan I., 15 Iddir Amara, 114 Morales, Jacob, 115 Moscati Paola, 40 Jallot Luc, 14 Jaubert Jacques, 89, 90 Nankela Alma, 72, 73 Joaquinito Anabela, 65–69 Nash George, 16, 17 Navarrete Vanessa, 99 Kadrow Slawomir, 64 Ndiema Emmanuel, 87 Kelany Adel, 106 Negroni Nuccia, 78 Khlopachev Gennady, 75 Nishiaki Yoshihiro, 42, 43 Knul Monika, 18 Nowell April, 27 Kouassi Siméon Kouakou, 33 Krueger Michal, 45 Ollé Andreu, 93, 94 Kuhn Steven, 26 Onrubia Pintado Jorge, 104, 105 Kusimba Chapurukha, 13 Oosterbeek Luiz, 16, 17, 71–73, 111 Květina Petr, 13 Parow-Souchon Hannah, 19 La Porta Alice, 62, 63 Pawlik Alfred, 93, 94 Laurence Bourguignon, 107, 108 Pereira Alison, 25 Lebreton Loic, 109 Pereira Telmo, 34 Lefèvre David, 52 Perrin Thomas, 11, 12 Lemercier Olivier, 14, 21, 22 Pierangelo Izzo, 20 Lemjidi Abdelkhalek, 114 Pleurdeau David, 72 Lemjidi Faysal, 65–69 Plutniak Sébastien, 49, 50 Lev Sergey, 75 Price Neil, 13

122 Raﬃeld Benjamin, 13 Yerkes Richard, 42, 43 Raynal Jean-Paul, 52 Real Cristina, 46, 47 Zaid, Abdelhamid, 115 Reinhold Sabine, 95 Zutovski Katia, 42, 43 Reitmaier Thomas, 82, 83 Resendez Andres, 13 Ribeiro Nuno, 65–69 Rivera Mario, 48 Robrahn González Erika Marion, 36 Rosina Pierluigi, 74 Rubin De Rubin Julio Cezar, 79–81

Sémah François, 111 Saña Maria, 99 Sari Latifa, 26, 30–32 Sarris Apostolos, 51 Scarre Chris, 71 Schlanger Nathan, 98 Schuster Cristian, 54 Shahack-Gross Ruth, 76 Sharon Gonen, 28, 29 Shemer Maayan, 19 Sidéra Isabelle, 11, 12 Sierra Alejandro, 99 Silva Fábio, 65–69 Silva Fabiola, 13 Sirbu Valeriu, 54 Skakun Natalia, 93, 94 Soares Joaquina, 58–60 Sobkowiak-Tabaka Iwona, 84 Soto Maria, 15 Sousa Ana Catarina, 58–60 Stahlschmidt Mareike C., 76, 77 Stewart Brian, 87 Stuart David S., 96

Török Béla, 45 Thun Hohenstein Ursula, 88 Todaro Simona, 14

Uktamovich Muminov Otabek, 55

Vadillo Margarita, 46, 47 Van Gelder Leslie, 27 Verheyden Sophie, 89, 90 Viallet Cyril, 109 Viana Sibeli, 79–81 Villa Valentina, 25

Walshe Keryn, 27 White Mark, 34

Xhauﬂair Hermine, 61

123