DOCSLIB.ORG

Строение Семенной Кожуры Видов Asteraceae. I. Трибы Arctotideae, Cardueae, Mutisieae, Vernonieae

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Строение Семенной Кожуры Видов Asteraceae. I. Трибы Arctotideae, Cardueae, Mutisieae, Vernonieae Turczaninowia 21 (4): 44–62 (2018) ISSN 1560–7259 (print edition) DOI: 10.14258/turczaninowia.21.4.6 TURCZANINOWIA http://turczaninowia.asu.ru ISSN 1560–7267 (online edition) УДК 582.998:581.48 Строение семенной кожуры видов Asteraceae. I. Трибы Arctotideae, Cardueae, Mutisieae, Vernonieae Э. В. Бойко, Е. В. Новожилова ФГБУН Тихоокеанский институт биоорганической химии им. Г. Б. Елякова ДВО РАН, пр. 100 лет Владивостоку, 159, г. Владивосток, 690022, Россия. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Ключевые слова: анатомия, семенная кожура (теста), семянки, систематика, сканирующая электронная микроскопия (СЭМ). Аннотация. Представлены результаты исследований методами световой и сканирующей микроскопии скульптуры поверхности семян и анатомического строения семенной кожуры 35 видов из 28 родов семейства Asteraceae, относящихся к четырем трибам: Arctotideae (Arctotis, Berkheya, Gazania), Cardueae (Acroptilon, Al- fredia, Ancathia, Berardia, Carthamus, Cirsium, Echinops, Klasea, Lamyropappus, Olgaea, Onopordum, Rhaponti- cum, Serratula, Silybum, Synurus, Syreitschikovia, Takeikadzuchia), Mutisieae (Adenocaulon, Dicoma, Gochnatia, Jungia, Leibnitzia, Trichocline, Trixis) и Vernonieae (Vernonia). Семенная кожура исследованных видов хорошо выражена и сохраняется до полной зрелости семянок. Для характеристики семенной кожуры основное зна- чение имеет строение клеток экзотесты, которые имеют преимущественно один тип строения по всей по- верхности семени. Однако есть виды, у которых клетки экзотесты представлены несколькими типами. Так, у Acroptilon repens по всей поверхности семени клетки с утолщёнными стенками чередуются с тонкостенными. У Dicoma schimperi клетки экзотесты в апикальной и базальной частях семени имеют различное строение. Установлено, что морфологическое разнообразие клеток экзотесты связано с формой, размерами, простран- ственной ориентацией клеток по отношению к оси семени, а также характером утолщений тангентальных и радиальных стенок клеток. Комплекс вышеперечисленных признаков отражает видовую специфику струк- туры семенной кожуры. Выявлены и описаны признаки, которые могут быть использованы в систематике исследованных триб. Признаки строения семенной кожуры, характерные для каждой отдельной трибы, не установлены. Structure of the seed coat of the Asteraceae species. I. Tribes Arctotideae, Cardueae, Mutisieae, Vernonieae E. V. Boyko, E. V. Novozhilova G. B. Elyаkov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Pr-t 100-let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation Keywords: anatomy, cypselas, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), seed coat, systematics. Summary. The sculpture of the seeds surface and the anatomic structure of the seed coat of 35 species from 28 genera from 4 tribes of the Asteraceae: Arctotideae (Arctotis, Berkheya, Gazania), Cardueae (Acroptilon, Alfredia, Ancathia, Berardia, Carthamus, Cirsium, Echinops, Klasea, Lamyropappus, Olgaea, Onopordum, Rhaponticum, Ser- ratula, Silybum, Synurus, Syreitschikovia, Takeikadzuchia), Mutisieae (Adenocaulon, Dicoma, Gochnatia, Jungia, Поступило в редакцию 06.04.2018 Submitted 06.04.2018 Принято к публикации 21.11.2018 Accepted 21.11.2018 Turczaninowia 21 (4): 44–62 (2018) 45 Leibnitzia, Trichocline, Trixis) and Vernonieae (Vernonia) are investigated by methods of the light and scanning mi- croscopy. The seed coat of the studied species is well developed and remains until the complete maturity of cypselas. The structure of the cells of an exotesta has a basic meaning for the characteristic of a seed coat. Cells of the exotesta have mainly one type of structure on all surfaces of the seed, however there are types at which cells of the exotesta are presented by several types. For example, Acroptilon repens has thin-walled cells alternating with thick-walled cells on all surface of the seed. The exotesta cells of Dicoma schimperi have different structure in apical and basal parts of the seed. As a result of this research it is established that the morphological differences of exotesta cells are caused by form, size, dimensional orientation of cells in relation to the seed axis and also degree of thickenings of tangential and radial walls of cells. The complex of the revealed features of a seed coat characterizes specifics of taxon at the species level. The features of seed coat structure, the characteristic for each separate tribe, are not established. Введение казал константность признаков экзотесты, кото- рые эволюционно обусловлены, стабильны и не Семянка сложноцветных (Asteraceae) – сухой зависят от внешних условий, в связи с чем об- нераскрывающийся односемянный плод, произ- ладают высокой систематической ценностью. водный от нижней завязи. Плодовая оболочка Он выявил в строении экзотесты признаки, ха- (перикарпий), семенная кожура (теста, спермо- рактерные как для отдельных видов, родов, так и дерма) и эндосперм защищают семязачаток. По- для ряда подтриб. кровы семянок сложноцветных разнообразны по A. M. R. Davies (2010), изучая особенности анатомическому строению. Соотношение тол- строения клеток экзотесты представителей три- щины перикарпия и семенной кожуры у разных бы Mutisieae (Chaetanthera Ruiz et Pav., Oriastrum видов неодинаково. Обычно функция защиты Poepp. et Endl.) с поверхности и на поперечных зародыша от неблагоприятных экологических срезах семянок, выявил четыре типа орнамента факторов выполняется преимущественно одним поверхности: параллельные, параллельно-про- из этих покровов. У видов, произрастающих в долговатые клетки; извилистые, псевдодендрит- засушливых местообитаниях, обычно перикар- ные клетки; округлые параллельно-продолго- пий плотный, состоит из толстостенных клеток. ватые клетки; плотно извилистые мозаичные Перикарпий у видов мезофитных условий чаще клетки, а на поперечных срезах разнообразные представлен тонкостенными клетками. склеренхиматозные утолщения, которые клас- Признаки перикарпия и тесты важны для сифицировал в четыре типа: равномерно утол- таксономии семейства. Исследователи плодов щённые стенки; множественные U-образные сложноцветных уделяют основное внимание ребра в клетках; клеточные стенки равномерно строению перикарпия. У многих представителей U-образно утолщённые; неравномерно утолщён- семейства семенная кожура к моменту созрева- ные стенки клеток. Полученные данные автор ния семянки облитерируется, в связи с чем осо- использовал для ревизии р. Chaetanthera с двумя бенности ее строения не используются в систе- подродами и восстановил р. Oriastrum с двумя матике. Для зрелых семянок некоторых таксонов подродами. теста описана в виде гомогенной пленки (Reese, Данные о скульптуре поверхности семени 1989; Galastri, Oliveira, 2010). Поэтому указания единичны (Robinson, 1981; Tegel, 2002). В насто- на строение семенной кожуры видов семейства ящее время в систематике сложноцветных всё Asteraceae в литературе приводятся в основном большее значение приобретают комплексные при изучении анатомического строения семянок исследования структуры семянок с использова- видов триб Cardueae (Dittrich, 1970, 1977; Häff- нием светового и сканирующего микроскопов, ner, 2000), Cichorieae (Tegel, 2002) и Mutisieae которые позволяют получить более подробные (Grau, 1980; Davies, 2010), у которых она хорошо сведения об особенностях структуры и ультра- выражена и имеет разнообразное строение. скульптуры поверхности семянок для система- В трибе Cardueae особенности строения экзо- тики сем. Asteraceae. тесты имеют первостепенное значение и широко Целью данного исследования явилось изуче- применяются для таксономических построений ние семян (скульптура поверхности и анатоми- (Knorring, Tamamshyan, 1953; Karawya et al., ческое строение) видов базальных триб семей- 1974; Tscherneva, Surukhina, 1979). ства Asteraceae (Arctotideae, Cardueae, Mutisieae, F. Tegel (2002), исследуя семенную кожуру Vernonieae) для пополнения данных о строении 300 видов из 90 родов Lactuceae и 18 видов из семенной кожуры плодов сложноцветных и вы- других триб (Liabeae, Arctoteae, Vernonieae), по- явления признаков, которые можно использовать 46 Бойко Э. В., Новожилова Е. В. Строение семенной кожуры видов Asteraceae в таксономии и филогенетических построениях бритвы. Срезы окрашивали сафранином, с по- семейства. следующим заключением в глицерин-желатин. Фотографии препаратов выполняли с помощью Материал и методы микроскопов Leica 4500 (Leica) и Axio Imager.Z2 Материалом для карпологического исследо- (Carl Zeiss). вания послужили семянки, собранные авторами. Для изучения внешней поверхности семени Также использованы материалы Гербария лабо- семянку раскалывали лезвием бритвы на отдель- ратории хемотаксономии ФГБУН Тихоокеанско- ные элементы. Образцы (поверхность семянки, го института биоорганической химии им. Г. Б. сколы семянок, обратная сторона перикарпия, Елякова ДВО РАН (далее ТИБОХ). Некоторые поверхность и сколы семенной кожуры) напыля- образцы взяты из Гербариев Ботанического ин- ли хромом в вакууме с помощью Quorum tech- ститута им. В. Л. Комарова РАН (LE, г. Санкт- nology Q150T ES. Строение и микроскульптуру Петербург), Главного ботанического сада им. поверхности изучали по препаратам участков Н. В. Цицина РАН (MHA, г. Москва) и получены средней части семянок в трехкратной повтор- по “Delectus seminum” из ботанических садов ности c помощью сканирующего микроскопа мира. В данной работе мы придерживаемся си- EVO 40 XVP (Carl Zeiss) в центре коллективного стемы семейства Asteraceae, принятой в сводке пользования «Национального научного центра “The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants” (Ka- морской
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ecology of Cirsium Vulgare and Silybum Marianum in Relation To
    Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.11 Supplement 2 1996 245 International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, pp. 495-501. Olivieri, I., Swan, M. and Gouyon, P.H. Ecology of Cirsium vulgare and Silybum marianum (1983). Reproductive system and colo- in relation to biological control nizing strategy of two species of Carduus (Compositae). Oecologia 60, 114-7. E. Bruzzese, Keith Turnbull Research Institute, Co-operative Research Centre Shea, K. (1996). Estimating the impact of for Weed Management Systems, PO Box 48, Frankston, Victoria 3199, Australia. control efforts: models of population dynamics. Plant Protection Quarterly 11, 263-5. Summary The ecology of spear thistle Sheppard A.W. (1996) Weeds in the Spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare) and vari- Spear thistle is an annual or biennial herb, Cardueae: Biological control and pat- egated thistle (Silybum marianum) are depending on its time of germination. Al- terns of herbivory. Proceedings of the two of the most widespread thistles though seed can germinate at any time of International Compositae Conference, which infest pastures in temperate south- the year, there are two main germination Kew, 1994, Volume 2 Biology and Utili- ern Australia. A biological control pro- times in late-summer to autumn and late zation, pp. 291-306. gram targeting these thistles was com- winter to spring (Bruzzese and Heap un- Sheppard, A.W. and Woodburn, T.L. menced in 1985. No specific ecological published). Because of this, infestations (1996). Population regulation in insects studies of these thistles and their preda- can consist of plants of different size and used to control thistles: can we predict tors in the area of origin aimed at the se- ages.
    [Show full text]
  • Blessed Thistle
    Léo Désilets Master Herbalist 35, Victoria West, Scotstown, QC, J0B 3B0 (819) 657-4733 • leo-desilets.com IN C CA E AN IN N D A E A D A D D A A M A M • • F • F A • A A I I T A D T D A A A A U N U A N C C A BLESSED THISTLE Traditionally used in Herbal Medicine as a digestive tonic and bitter to increase appetite and aid gigestion (stomachic). Product number........................................... NPN 80004247 Dosage form ........................................... Vegetable capsule Quantity........................................................... 90 Active Ingredient ............................... Blessed Thistle - Aerial Parties Dosage ....................................................... 320 mg Product number........................................... NPN 80073494 Dosage form ........................................... Vegetable capsule Quantity........................................................... 60 Therapeutic indications Active Ingredient ............................... Blessed Thistle - Aerial Parties • Traditionally used in Herbal Dosage ....................................... 75 mg (20:1, QCE 1500 mg) Medicine as a digestive tonic and bitter to increase appetite and help digestion. Blessed Thistle can accompany the process of digestion by stimulating secretions It is recommended to take and promoting nutrient absorption. 1 capsule 3 times daily with a glass of water at mealtime. Digestive bitter : Cnicus benedictus Digestive bitters, also known as tonic herbs, or digestive herbs stimulate the Classification (USDA)
    [Show full text]
  • Elemental Analysis of Some Medicinal Plants By
    Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 4(19), pp. 1987-1990, 4 October, 2010 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR DOI: 10.5897/JMPR10.081 ISSN 1996-0875 ©2010 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Elemental analysis of some medicinal plants used in traditional medicine by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) Muhammad Zafar1*, Mir Ajab Khan1, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Gul Jan1, Shazia Sultana1, Kifayat Ullah1, Sarfaraz Khan Marwat1, Farooq Ahmad2, Asma Jabeen3, Abdul Nazir1, Arshad Mehmood Abbasi1, Zia ur Rehman1 and Zahid Ullah1 1Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan. 2Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Murree Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. 3Environmental Sciences Department, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Accepted 10 September, 2010 Different elemental constituents at trace levels of plants play an effective role in the medicines prepared. Elemental composition of different parts including leaves, seeds and fruits have been determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). A total of 14 elements K+, Mg+2, Ca+2, Na+, Fe+2, Co+3, Mn+2, Cu+3, Cr+3, Zn+2, Ni+3, Li+1, Pb+4 and Cd+2 have been measured. Their concentrations were found to vary in different samples. Medicinal properties of these plant samples and their elemental distribution have been correlated. Key words: Elemental analysis, medicinal plants and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. INTRODUCTION Herbal drugs are being used as remedies for various the second dist heat pathological symptoms can be diseases across the world from ancient time. In recent relieved by replacing the element. To be pharmacolo- years, increasing interest has been focused on phyto- gically effective or essential, the trace element may need medicines as safer and more congenial to the human to be combining or chelated with some ligand, in order to body.
    [Show full text]
  • Italian Thistle (Carduus Pycnocephalus)
    Thistles: Identification and Management Rebecca Ozeran 1 May 2018 Common thistles in the San Joaquin Valley Carduus Centaurea Cirsium Silybum Onopordum Italian thistle Yellow starthistle Bull thistle (Blessed) milkthistle Scotch thistle Tocalote Canada thistle (Malta starthistle) All of these species are found at least one of Fresno, Kern, Kings, Madera, or Tulare Counties Identification • Many species start as a basal rosette in fall • Mature plants can have dense & bushy or tall & stemmy appearance • Purple/pink or yellow-flowered Identification • Why does thistle species matter? • Varying levels of risk to animals • Varying competition with forage • Varying susceptibility to control options Identification – 1. Italian thistle • Carduus pycnocephalus • narrow, spiky flower heads • winged, spiny stems branching above the base • found in Fresno, Kern, Madera, Tulare Identification – 2. Centaurea thistles • YELLOW STARTHISTLE (C. solstitialis) • long, yellow/white spines on phyllaries • can get a bushy structure • found in Fresno, Kern, Madera, Tulare • TOCALOTE (MALTA STARTHISTLE, C. melitensis) • stouter flower heads and shorter, redder spines on phyllaries • found in all 5 counties Identification – 3. Cirsium thistles • Canada thistle (C. arvense) • smooth stems, non-spiny flowerheads • flowers Jun-Oct • found in Fresno, Kern, Tulare • Bull thistle (C. vulgare) • large spiky looking flowerheads • lots of branching, dense plant • flowers Jun-Oct • found in all 5 counties Identification – 4. Blessed milk thistle • Silybum marianum • Distinct,
    [Show full text]
  • Silybum Marianum) Seed Cakes on the Digestibility of Nutrients, Flavonolignans and the Individual Components of the Silymarin Complex in Horses
    animals Article Dose Effect of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Seed Cakes on the Digestibility of Nutrients, Flavonolignans and the Individual Components of the Silymarin Complex in Horses Hana Dockalova * , Ladislav Zeman, Daria Baholet, Andrej Batik, Sylvie Skalickova and Pavel Horky Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University in Brno, Zemˇedˇelská 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic; [email protected] (L.Z.); [email protected] (D.B.); [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (P.H.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +420-773-996-710 Simple Summary: Silybum marianum is a well-known herb in terms of its pharmacological activities, and it is used as both a medicament and a dietary supplement (phytobiotics). Milk thistle seeds contain a mixture of flavonoids known as silymarin, which consists of silybin, isosilybin, silychristine, and silydianin. Until now, there has been no evidence of monitoring the digestibility of silymarin complex in horses. The aim of the research was to evaluate digestibility of silymarin complex and the effect of nutrient digestibility in horses. Different daily feed doses of milk thistle expeller (0 g, 100 g, 200 g, 400 g, 700 g) were administered to five mares kept under the same conditions and at the same Citation: Dockalova, H.; Zeman, L.; feed rations. We monitored the digestibility of silymarin, digestible energy, crude protein, crude fat, Baholet, D.; Batik, A.; Skalickova, S.; crude fiber, nitrogen-free extract, crude ash, calcium, phosphorus, and plasma profile. Statistically Horky, P. Dose Effect of Milk Thistle significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found between daily doses in digestibilities of flavonolignans (Silybum marianum) Seed Cakes on the and nutrients.
    [Show full text]
  • Amatoxin Mushroom Poisoning in North America 2015-2016 by Michael W
    Amatoxin Mushroom Poisoning in North America 2015-2016 By Michael W. Beug PhD Chair NAMA Toxicology Committee Assessing the degree of amatoxin mushroom poisoning in North America is very challenging. Understanding the potential for various treatment practices is even more daunting. Although I have been studying mushroom poisoning for 45 years now, my own views on potential best treatment practices are still evolving. While my training in enzyme kinetics helps me understand the literature about amatoxin poisoning treatments, my lack of medical training limits me. Fortunately, critical comments from six different medical doctors have been incorporated in this article. All six, each concerned about different aspects in early drafts, returned me to the peer reviewed scientific literature for additional reading. There remains no known specific antidote for amatoxin poisoning. There have not been any gold standard double-blind placebo controlled studies. There never can be. When dealing with a potentially deadly poisoning (where in many non-western countries the amatoxin fatality rate exceeds 50%) treating of half of all poisoning patients with a placebo would be unethical. Using amatoxins on large animals to test new treatments (theoretically a great alternative) has ethical constraints on the experimental design that would most likely obscure the answers researchers sought. We must thus make our best judgement based on analysis of past cases. Although that number is now large enough that we can make some good assumptions, differences of interpretation will continue. Nonetheless, we may be on the cusp of reaching some agreement. Towards that end, I have contacted several Poison Centers and NAMA will be working with the Center for Disease Control (CDC).
    [Show full text]
  • Large-Scale Isolation of Flavonolignans from Silybum Marianum Extract Affords New Minor Constituents and Preliminary Structure-Activity Relationships
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by The University of North Carolina at Greensboro Large-Scale Isolation of Flavonolignans from Silybum marianum Extract Affords New Minor Constituents and Preliminary Structure-Activity Relationships By: Arlene Sy-Cordero, Tyler N. Graf, Yuka Nakanishi, Mansukh C. Wani, Rajesh Agarwal, David J. Kroll, Nicholas H. Oberlies "Large-Scale Isolation of Flavonolignans from Silybum marianum Extract Affords New Minor Constituents and Preliminary Structure-Activity Relationships." Arlene Sy-Cordero, Tyler N. Graf, Yuka Nakanishi, Mansukh C. Wani, Rajesh Agarwal, David J. Kroll, and Nicholas H. Oberlies. Planta Medica, 2010, 76, 644-647. Made available courtesy of Georg Thieme Verlag: http://www.thieme-connect.com This document is the accepted manuscript version of a published work that appeared in final form in Planta Medica, copyright © Georg Thieme Verlag for Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s- 0029-1240624. Abstract: The gram-scale isolation of the major flavonolignan diastereoisomers from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) extract provided an entré into the isolation of two related analogs that are present in extremely minute quantities. The isolation and structure elucidation of these two new compounds, which we have termed isosilybin C and isosilybin D due to their structural similarities to isosilybin A and isosilybin B, respectively, afforded a preliminary analysis of structure-activity relationships toward prostate cancer growth, survival, and apoptotic endpoints. Keywords: Silybum marianum | Asteraceae | milk thistle | silymarin | silybin | isosilybin Article: In previously reported studies [1], our team performed the gram-scale isolation of four key flavonolignan diastereoisomers (silybin A, silybin B, isosilybin A, and isosilybin B) from milk thistle [Silybum marianum(L.) Gaertn.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear and Plastid DNA Phylogeny of the Tribe Cardueae (Compositae
    1 Nuclear and plastid DNA phylogeny of the tribe Cardueae 2 (Compositae) with Hyb-Seq data: A new subtribal classification and a 3 temporal framework for the origin of the tribe and the subtribes 4 5 Sonia Herrando-Morairaa,*, Juan Antonio Callejab, Mercè Galbany-Casalsb, Núria Garcia-Jacasa, Jian- 6 Quan Liuc, Javier López-Alvaradob, Jordi López-Pujola, Jennifer R. Mandeld, Noemí Montes-Morenoa, 7 Cristina Roquetb,e, Llorenç Sáezb, Alexander Sennikovf, Alfonso Susannaa, Roser Vilatersanaa 8 9 a Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia, s.n., 08038 Barcelona, Spain 10 b Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants (UAB) – Associated Unit to CSIC, Departament de 11 Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de 12 Barcelona, ES-08193 Bellaterra, Spain 13 c Key Laboratory for Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 14 Chengdu, China 15 d Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA 16 e Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA (Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine), FR- 17 38000 Grenoble, France 18 f Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, 19 Finland; and Herbarium, Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov str. 20 2, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia 21 22 *Corresponding author at: Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia, s. n., ES- 23 08038 Barcelona, Spain. E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Herrando-Moraira). 24 25 Abstract 26 Classification of the tribe Cardueae in natural subtribes has always been a challenge due to the lack of 27 support of some critical branches in previous phylogenies based on traditional Sanger markers.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity and Evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae)
    Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) from phylogeny to molecular breeding Zhen Wei Thesis committee Promotor Prof. Dr M.E. Schranz Professor of Biosystematics Wageningen University Other members Prof. Dr P.C. Struik, Wageningen University Dr N. Kilian, Free University of Berlin, Germany Dr R. van Treuren, Wageningen University Dr M.J.W. Jeuken, Wageningen University This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School of Experimental Plant Sciences. Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) from phylogeny to molecular breeding Zhen Wei Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr A.P.J. Mol, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Monday 25 January 2016 at 1.30 p.m. in the Aula. Zhen Wei Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) - from phylogeny to molecular breeding, 210 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2016) With references, with summary in Dutch and English ISBN 978-94-6257-614-8 Contents Chapter 1 General introduction 7 Chapter 2 Phylogenetic relationships within Lactuca L. (Asteraceae), including African species, based on chloroplast DNA sequence comparisons* 31 Chapter 3 Phylogenetic analysis of Lactuca L. and closely related genera (Asteraceae), using complete chloroplast genomes and nuclear rDNA sequences 99 Chapter 4 A mixed model QTL analysis for salt tolerance in
    [Show full text]
  • Aohan Dryland Farming System. Proposal for the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems
    Proposal for Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Programme Aohan Dryland Farming System Location: Aohan County, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P.R. China People’s Government of Aohan County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Natural and Cultural Heritage of Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences December 12, 2011 1 Summary Information a. Country and Location: Aohan County, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P.R. China b. Program Title/System Title: Aohan Dryland Farming System c. Total Area: 8294 km2 d. Ethnic Groups: Mongolian (5.34%), Manchu (1.11%), Hui (0.29%), Han (93.21%) e. Application Organization: Aohan County People’s Government, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P.R. China f. From the National Key Organization (NFPI): Centre for Natural and Cultural Heritage (CNACH) of Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research (IGSNRR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) g. Governmental and Other Partners • Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China • China Agricultural University • Department of Agriculture of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P.R. China • Aohan County People’s Government, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P.R. China • Department of Agriculture of Aohan County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P.R. China • Department of Culture of Aohan County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P.R. China • Key Laboratory of Dry Farming Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P.R. China h. Abstract Aohan County is located in the southeast of Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. It is the interface between China’s ancient farming culture and grassland culture. From 2001 to 2003, carbonized particles of foxtail and broomcorn millet were discovered by archaeologists in the “First Village of China”, Xinglongwa in Aohan County.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of a Cool Temperate Forest Around Restoration Center for Endangered Species, Yeongyang
    Original Article PNIE 2021;2(1):70-75 https://doi.org/10.22920/PNIE.2021.2.1.70 pISSN 2765-2203, eISSN 2765-2211 Flora of a Cool Temperate Forest Around Restoration Center for Endangered Species, Yeongyang Seongjun Kim , Chang-Woo Lee* , Hwan-Joon Park, Byoung-Doo Lee, Jung Eun Hwang, Jiae An, Hyung Bin Park, Ju Hyeong Baek, Pyoung Beom Kim, Nam Young Kim Division of Restoration Research, Restoration Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon, Korea ABSTRACT The present study aimed to clarify flora living at the area of Restoration Center for Endangered Species in Yeongyang, Gyeongbuk Province. In May, August, and September 2019 and in May and July 2020, all of vascular plants were recorded, and endangered, Korea endemic, and exotic plant species were further identified. The study site contained a total of 418 floral taxa (98 families, 261 genera, 384 species, 4 subspecies, 27 variations, and 3 formations), in which Magnoliophyta accounted for larger proportion (95.2%) than Pteridophyta (3.6%) and Pinophyta (1.2%). In addition, 1 endangered (Cypripedium macranthos Sw.) and 5 Korea endemic species (Aconitum pseudolaeve Nakai, Eleutherococcus divaricatus var. chiisanensis [Nakai] C.H. Kim & B.-Y. Sun, Lonicera subsessilis Rehder, Paulownia coreana Uyeki, and Weigela subsessilis [Nakai] L.H. Bailey) were detected. The number of exotic species was 33, consisting of 4 invasive-exotic, 4 potentially invasive-exotic, and 25 non-invasive species. Compared to a previous assessment before the establishment of the center (in 2014), there were increases in total floral taxa (from 361 to 418), endangered species (from 0 to 1), and exotic species (from 26 to 33).
    [Show full text]
  • Floristic Characteristics of Vascular Plants and First Distributional Report of Pseudostellaria Baekdusanensism. Kim in Yongneu
    한국환경생태학회지 29(2) : 133~145, 2015 pISSN 1229-3857 eISSN 2288-131X Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 29(2): 132-144, April 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2015.29.2.132 Floristic characteristics of vascular plants and first distributional report of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim in Yongneup wetland protected area1a Young-Chul Kim2,6, Hyun-Hee Chae2, Sang-Heock Oh2, Seung-Ho Choi2, Moon-Pyo Hong3, Gi-Heum Nam4, Jae-Yoon Choi5, Hyun-Sook Choi5, Kyu-Song Lee2* ABSTRACT Yongneup wetland protected area, the only high moor in Korea, is a core area to conserve biodiversity. Even though the Yongneup wetland protected area is relatively small, various plant species are distributed in the Yongneup wetland protected area because it includes various habitats showing different environmental gradients. Vascular plants distributed in the Yongneup wetland protected area were identified as a total of 376 taxa that is composed of 73 families, 217 genera, 322 species, 3 subspecies, 44 varieties and 7 forms. For endangered plants designated by the Ministry of Environment, 5 species including Trientalis europaea var. arctica, Lilium dauricum, Halenia corniculata, Lychnis wilfordii and Menyanthes trifoliata were found and 34 taxa were confirmed to be distributed only in the mountainous wetland habitats. Regarding naturalized plants, a total of 11 taxa were distributed, but most of them were distributed in the areas where artificial interference has occurred. And in areas inside the wetlands that are relatively well preserved, 2 species of Bidens frondosa and Erigeron annuus were observed. In this study, the occurrence and distribution of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim, which was recently found in Mt.
    [Show full text]