DOCSLIB.ORG

LNG Producer-Consumer Conference

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
LNG Producer-Consumer Conference LNG PRODUCER-CONSUMER CONFERENCE TOKYO, JAPAN NOVEMBER 2016 GLOBAL GAS MARKET bcm NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION +32% 5000 4500 +27% LNG import 4000 +91% 3500 +22% Pipeline import +79% 3000 +32% 2500 2000 Own production 1500 1000 2005 2015 2030 We expect LNG market to double between 2015 and 2030 Source: NOVATEK 2 DEMAND — KEY POINTS OF LNG GROWTH MTPA 203 203 NORTH-EAST ASIA 203 GLOBAL LNG DEMAnd 154 • Japan 154 • China 2015 2030 154 • Korea 83 24783 MTPA 492 MTPA • Taiwan 67 83 67 50 50 36 NEW MAR67KETS 50 • Bangladesh16 36 36 6 16 • Pakistan 203 2015 20306 201516 2030 6 2015 2030 2015 2030 2015 2030 2015 2030 2015 2030 2015 2030 • Morocco 1542015 2030 2015 2030 North-east2015 2030 2015 2030 Europe New markets Asia • Philippines • Myanmar 83 67 • Thailand 50 • Vietnam 36 28 16 • Kuwait 14 6 2015 2030 2015 2030 2015 2030 2015 2030 • Singapore 2015 2030 India • Indonesia Latin America • Malaysia Demand, MTPA Each of the specified regions is featured Demand IHS by different consumption drivers and different Demands FGE, Oxford TER, statement of the Indian government demand patterns and quality properties 3 PRICING IN THE OLD AND NEW ENERGY PARADIGMS OLD NEW MMtpa LNG IN BUNKERING And PERIOD 20 years on average 10 years on average 30 FORMULAS AND INDICES Oil indexed Mix: gas, oil, hubs By take-off, re-direction, FLEXIBILITY Limited destination VOLUMES Large (2~3 mmt) Small (0.5-1.5 mmt) 2 Arbitrage between Asia PRICE LEVELS No arbitrage and Europe 2015 2030 Source: IHS, Lloyds MMtpa LNG TRADE BY CONTRACTUAL LENGHT Unit GROWTH IN USE OF FSRU 300 30% 40 % SPOT/SHORT-TERM 250 25% (RIGHT) 200 20% 22 150 15% LONG-TERM 100 10% MEDIUM-TERM 50 5% 0 0% SPOT/SHORT-TERM 2010 2 011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2020 Source: IHS Energy, 2015 Source: Energy Maritime association 4 409 409 409 SUPPLY — KEY POINTS OF LNG GROWTH 192 MTPA 192 192 409 119* 409 93 89 102 71.5 77 33 119* 1.3 63.3 9.6 119* 93 89 102 93 89 2015 2030 102 71.52015 2030 2015 2030 77 2015 2030 2015 2030 2015 71.5 77 33 Russia 192 1.3 63.3 9.6 33 1.3 63.3 9.6 under construction 2015 2030 192 2015 2030 2015 2030 2015 2030 2015 2030 2015 2015 2030 2015 2030 2015 2030 2015 2030 2015 2030 2015 USA Qatar 119* 93 119*89 102 93 71.5 89 77 102 3371.5 77 1.3 63.3 9.6 63.3 33 2015 2030 2015 2030 1.32015 2030 9.62015 2030 2015 2030 2015 2015 2030 2015 2030 2015Africa2030 2015 2030 2015 2030 2015 Australia * NOVATEK estimates Source: IHS 5 YAMAL LNG • LNG Plant located in Sabetta, north-east of the Yamal Peninsula, Russia • South Tambey Gas-Condensate Field: exploration and development license until 2045 • 2P PRMS reserves: 926 bcm of gas and 30 mmt of condensate RUssiAN FЕDERAtiON • Liquefaction capacity: 16.5 mmt of LNG (3 trains) and 1.2 mmt of stable gas condensate pa SHAREHOLDERS KEY FIGURES YAMAL LNG SRF Volume p.a. >16.5mmt / 21bcm 9.9% Overall completion status – 71%, Status Total including 86 % for train1 20.0% NOVATEK 50.1% Total Capex US$27bln CNPC Destination Asia 20.0% Country project Russia, China, France, Italy, participants Sweden, USA, Japan Source: NOVATEK 6 InTERNATIONAL AIRPORT RUssiAN FЕDERAtiON 7 SEA PORT RUssiAN FЕDERAtiON 8 YAMAL LNG RUssiAN FЕDERAtiON 9 OUR MAJOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS 28.7 – 33 mmt 16.5 mmt 11 mmt Yamal LNG 16.5 mmt Yamal Sabetta 5.5 mmt Yamal LNG LNG 3 Train Arctic LNG Utrenneye Arctic Yamal LNG 5.5 mmt field LNG 12 –16.5 mmt 2 Train Yamal LNG 5.5 mmt 1 Train 5.5 mmt RUssiAN FEDERAtiON 2017 2018 2019 2022 ‒ 2025 10 KOLAR YARD — A YARD TO PRODUCE GBS-BASED LNG PLANTS Camp for up to 10.000 people Dry docks Process modules 2x (415х175 m) fabrication workshops 50 нectares (up to 100.000 tpa) TARGET: Concrete manu- facture acHIEVING 180.000 m3/ annum OptIMAL CAPEX PER TON OF LNG the Barents sea Belokamenka Reinforced concrete structures workshops Murmansk Gydan peninsula Belokamenka 11 NOrtHerN Sea ROUTE 5 600 km NORTHERN SEA ROUTE LNG LNG 9 200 кm 13 300 кm Murmansk 16 days Sabetta Hamburg Yamal LNG Capacity Vladivostok 16.5 MTPA JAPAN Yokohama 22 000 кm Cairo Shanghai 25 500 кm Suez Canal 33 days Singapore Source: NOVATEK, Suez Canal Authority EffICIENT ALTERNATIVE TO THE SUEZ CANAL 12 FIRST LNG TANKER (ARC7) FOR YAMAL LNG COMMENCED OPERATIONS IN NOVEMBER 2016 13 FLEET OF NUCLEAR POWERED ICEBREAKERS NOW new atomic icebreaker 1 «Arctic» (60 MWt) launched COMING 2 more 14 FUTURE OF LNG AT YAMAL And GydAN PENINSULA SOUTH AMERICA EUROPE Yamal group JAPAN AFRICA CHINA SEAPOrt INDIA SABetta Gydan group NOVATEK • 1ST LNG project start-up in 2017 • 2ND LNG project start-up in 2022 – 2025 LNG PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN THE YAMAL AND GYDAN PENINSULAS IS OVER 78 MTPA 15.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Governing the Arctic
    Arctic Review on Law and Politics Peer-reviewed article Vol. 10, 2019, pp. 190–216 Governing the Arctic: The Russian State Commission for Arctic Development and the Forging of a New Domestic Arctic Policy Agenda Helge Blakkisrud Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) Abstract After a period of relative neglect in the 1990s and early 2000s, the Arctic is back on the agenda of the Russian authorities. To ensure efficient coordination and implementation of its Arctic strategy, the government in 2015 established a State Commission for Arctic Development. It was to serve as a platform for coordinating the implementation of the government’s ambitious plans for the Arctic, for exchange of information among Arctic actors, and for ironing out interagency and interregional conflicts. Based on a case study of the State Commission for Arctic Devel- opment, this article has a twofold goal. First, it explores the current Russian domestic Arctic agenda, mapping key actors and priorities and examining the results achieved so far. Second, it discusses what this case study may tell us the about policy formulation and implementation in Russia today. We find that while the government’s renewed focus on the Arctic Zone has yielded some impressive results, the State Commission has been at best a mixed success. The case study demonstrates how, in the context of authoritarian modernization, the Russian government strug- gles to come up with effective and efficient institutions for Arctic governance. Moreover, the widespread image of a Russian governance model based on a strictly hierarchic “power vertical” must be modified. Russia’s Arctic policy agenda is characterized by infighting and bureaucratic obstructionism: even when Putin intervenes personally, achieving the desired goals can prove difficult.
    [Show full text]
  • Shipping LNG from a Remote Arctic Plant
    Shipping LNG from a Remote Arctic Plant Frederic Hannon LNG Shipping Project Manager TOTAL – Gas, Renewables & Power Division YAMAL LNG, a Pilot Project in the Arctic – Some Key Features Shareholders 9.9% 20.0% 50.1% Source: Public information 20.0% ● LNG Plant located in Sabetta, North-East Wells 208 directional and horizontal of the Yamal Peninsula, Russia Capacity 3 x 5.5 MMtpa + 1 x 0,94 MMtpa LNG, 1.2 MMtpa Condensates ● Arctic conditions (Temperatures -52°C / 3 months of polar night) Capex 27 G$ (Yamal LNG) ● Ice free port: 5 months Trains 1,2,3 started ( nameplate 16,5 Mmtpa) T4 pilot under Construction Status ● South Tambey Gas-Condensate Field: construction exploration and development license until 15 ARC7 LNG Carriers, 11 Conventional LNGCs , 2 ARC7 2045 Shipping Condensate tankers Trans-shipment capacity in Zeebrugge and Ship-to-Ship Transfers ● Reservoirs: 1000- 3500 m deep LNG Deliveries Asia, Europe ● Proved & Probable Reserves : 926 billion cubic meters of natural gas An Integrated Project : • Presidential decree on October 10th, 2010 • Final Investment Decision on December 13th, 2013 with Pioneering Solutions in field of logistics and transportation schemes : The Shipping Scheme for the Export of LNG Westbound : annual ice Eastbound : pluri-annual ice Average ice extension : 830 Nmiles / 2,900 Average ice extension 2,100 Nm / 4,900 Nm – 7/9 days Nm – 14/16 days Year Round Northern Sea Route Route Sabetta 16,5 mtpa LNG / Trans-shipment # 220 cargoes Terminal /year Summer Route TRANSHIPMENT : SHIP – STORAGE - SHIP Winter
    [Show full text]
  • Government Support to Upstream Oil & Gas in Russia
    GOVERNMENT SUPPORT TO UPSTREAM OIL & GAS IN RUSSIA HOW SUBSIDIES INFLUENCE THE YAMAL LNG AND PRIRAZLOMNOE PROJECTS Page i Government Support to Upstream Oil & Gas in Russia How Subsidies Influence the Yamal LNG and Prirazlomnoe Projects GENEVA-OSLO-MOSCOW JULY 2014 Lars Petter Lunden and Daniel Fjaertoft, Sigra Group PUBLISHED IN PARTNERSHIP BY: www.globalsubsidies.org GOVERNMENT SUPPORT TO UPSTREAM OIL & GAS IN RUSSIA HOW SUBSIDIES INFLUENCE THE YAMAL LNG AND PRIRAZLOMNOE PROJECTS Page ii Government Support to Upstream Oil & Gas in Russia How Subsidies Influence the Yamal LNG and Prirazlomnoe Projects Lars Petter Lunden and Daniel Fjaertoft, Sigra Group Geneva-Oslo-Moscow, July 2014 © 2014 The International Institute for Sustainable Development/WWF Published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report has been commissioned by the Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) of the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) thanks to the generous support of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Norway and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark. The report has been prepared by Lars Petter Lunden and Daniel Fjaertoft, Sigra Group, in coordination with Ivetta Gerasimchuk, PhD in Economics, and Lucy Kitson, IISD-GSI. WWF-Russia has provided communications and outreach support for the report. This report has been peer-reviewed by: • Mikhail Babenko, PhD in Economics, Oil & Gas Officer, WWF Global Arctic Programme • James Henderson, Senior Research Fellow, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies •
    [Show full text]
  • 2-3 October 2018 Sabetta, Moscow
    Russian Energy Week 2018 ____ Workshop on the Environmental Advantages of 2-3 OCTOBER 2018 Natural Gas SABETTA, MOSCOW ____ GECF WORKSHOP ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANTAGES OF Site visit of NATURAL GAS WITH A VISIT TO THE Yamal LNG YAMAL LNG FACILITIES facilities The Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF) brings together ____ the world’s leading natural gas producers and exporters. The main objective of the Forum is to promote the sustainable, efficient, and environmentally conscious development and use of natural gas resources, through cooperation and dialogue amongst GECF Member Countries and important stakeholders in the energy sector. The GECF works to ensure reliability and security in supply and demand for natural gas, through coordinated approaches to global energy market developments. In accordance with the GECF Long-Term Strategy and Five Year Working Plan, the ‘GECF Workshop on Environmental Advantages of Natural Gas’ is an opportunity for valuable networking and discussion on the capacity of natural gas resources to meet growing energy needs, while simultaneously supporting environmental, social and economic objectives. GECF WORKSHOP ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANTAGES OF NATURAL GAS WITH A VISIT TO THE YAMAL LNG FACILITIES Gas Exporting Countries Forum 2 October 2018, Sabetta, Russian Federation Event of Russian Energy Week 2018 8:00 – 13:30 Flight from Moscow (Vnukovo 3) to Sabetta 13:45 – 14:30 A tour of Yamal LNG production facilities (central control room, LNG plant construction site), seaport (taking photos) 14:45 – 15:45 Lunch 16:00 – 18:00 Workshop Opening remarks by H.E. Yury P. Sentyurin, GECF Secretary General Welcoming remarks from NOVATEK representative, a video on Yamal LNG Session 1: The contribution of natural gas to energy transitions Global gas markets have undergone significant transformations in recent years.
    [Show full text]
  • NOVATEK's Sustainability Report 2019
    Sustainability Report 2019 Sustainability Report 2019 2 | 3 Contents LETTER FROM THE CHAIRMAN OF NOVATEK’S EXTERNAL SOCIAL POLICY MANAGEMENT BOARD . 4 Cooperation with Russian Regions . 103 LETTER FROM THE DEPUTY CHAIRMAN Educational Programs . 106 OF NOVATEK’S MANAGEMENT BOARD . 8 Preserving Cultural Heritage . 108 Promotion of Sports . 109 REPORT AND REPORTING PROCESS Help to Children in Desperate Need . 109 Report Preparation . 12 Corporate Volunteering . 110 Defining Report Content and Material Topics . 14 Aid to Veterans . 111 Materiality Matrix . 16 EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES COMPANY PROFILE Employee Profile . 114 NOVATEK’s Core Assets as at 31 December 2019 . 21 Employee Motivation and KPI System . 116 Share Capital Structure and Market Capitalization . 22 Personnel Training and Development . 117 Membership and Participation in Trade Associations . 23 Social Policy . 121 Awards and Achievements . 24 Trade Union Relations . 125 Interaction Between Management and Employees SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY Discussing Current Issues . 125 Our Approach to Sustainability . 29 Integrating the United Nations Sustainable PROCUREMENT PRACTICES Development Goals . 30 Procurement Approach . 128 Materials and Equipment Supply Chain CLIMATE CHANGE Management . 129 Climate Change Management . 38 Procurement Performance . 131 Risks and Opportunities . 38 Import Substitution Policy . 131 Climate Protection Initiatives . 42 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT Our Approach to Occupational Health and Safety . 134 Stakeholder Engagement Principles . 46 Operational Control . 137 Stakeholder Engagement Matrix . 48 Accidents and Incidents . 138 Workplace Injury Rate . 140 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE OHS Training . 141 Corporate Governance System . 58 Fire Safety, Civil Defense and Emergencies . 142 Remuneration to the Members of the Board of Directors and Management Board . 64 ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE AND PROTECTION Internal Control and Audit .
    [Show full text]
  • Download Publication
    JULY 2021 A Phantom Menace: Is Russian LNG a Threat to Russia’s Pipeline Gas in Europe? OIES PAPER: NG 171 Dr Vitaly Yermakov & Dr Jack Sharples, OIES The contents of this paper are the authors’ sole responsibility. They do not necessarily represent the views of the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies or any of its members. Copyright © 2021 Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (Registered Charity, No. 286084) This publication may be reproduced in part for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. ISBN 978-1-78467-182-2 JULY 2021: A Phantom Menace: Is Russian LNG a Threat to Russia’s Pipeline Gas in Europe? ii Contents Introduction.............................................................................................................................................. 1 1. Context: Russia on an international gas market transformed by LNG ............................................... 2 2. Russia adjusts its gas strategy to reflect growing LNG ambitions ...................................................... 4 3. From strategy to policy: the Russian regulatory context and the right of non-Gazprom companies to export LNG .............................................................................................................................................. 6 4. Key
    [Show full text]
  • The Northern Sea Route: the Myth of Sino-Russian Cooperation
    The Northern Sea Route: The Myth of Sino-Russian Cooperation Yun Sun Co-Director, East Asia Program Introduction Since 2017, a series of events have raised optimism about the potential for Sino-Russian cooperation in the Arctic region, including unilateral and bilateral statements between Beijing and Moscow about their shared vision for and commitment to joint development of the Arctic energy resources and shipping lane. China’s economic interests in natural resources extractions and alternative transportation routes largely align with Russia’s stated goals to revitalize its Arctic territory. After China formally launched its “Polar Silk Road” (PSR) at the beginning of 2018, much attention has been placed on Sino-Russian cooperation in the development of the Northern Sea Route, Russia’s traditional Arctic shipping route. The Sino-Russian cooperation on the Arctic seems have become the upcoming great new chapter in their comprehensive strategic coordinative relations (全面战略协作伙伴关系).1 Despite the rhetorical enthusiasm from the two governments, concrete, substantive joint projects on the Northern Sea Route are lacking, especially in key areas such as infrastructure development. A careful examination of Chinese views on joint development of the Northern Sea Route reveals divergent interests, conflicting calculations and vastly different cost-benefit analyses. From the Chinese perspective, the joint development of the Northern Sea Route is a Russian proposal to which China reacted primarily out of strategic and political considerations rather than practical economic ones. While China is in principle interested in the Northern Sea Route, the potential and practicality of this alternative transportation route remains tentative and yet to be realized.
    [Show full text]
  • Yamal LNG Project
    During project construction, more than 60% of the modules were delivered to the site through the Recycled/recyclable papar is used. Northern Sea Route, saving a considerable part of transportation costs. The new shipping route provides convenience, not only for Russia and China, but also for the logistics sector of Asia-Pacific and Europe. Chinese investment and financing as well as the Chinese gas market are significant to the successful implementation of Yamal LNG project. Yamal LNG is the result of joint efforts made by multiple sides. The commissioning of the project may not only drive the development of Russia’s energy sector and border areas, but also change the global LNG market supply pattern. In the future, LNG delivery from Yamal to China will be of great significance to China’s efforts in accelerating the restructuring of its energy mix and safeguarding energy security. Yamal LNG Energize ∙ Harmonize ∙ Realize 9 Dongzhimen North Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100007, P. R. China www.cnpc.com.cn China National Petroleum Corporation On December 8, 2017, Yamal LNG shipped the rst cargo from Sabetta, marking the formal operation of Train 1 of this super project. Yamal LNG, the largest and most complex LNG project in the Arctic region, is a signicant example of energy cooperation between China and Russia after the Belt and Road Initiative. Yamal LNG is an integrated project that covers an entire chain of natural gas production, processing, LNG manufacturing, and sales and shipping, with the South Tambey condensate gas eld as the source base which harbors proven reserves of natural gas up to 1.3 trillion cubic meters and gas condensate of 60.18 million tons.
    [Show full text]
  • The Yamal LNG Project and the Nenets Reindeer Nomads
    The Yamal LNG Project and the Nenets Reindeer Nomads Impacts, Survival and Indigenous Opposition to Gas Exploitation in Russia’s Arctic Publisher GegenStrömung - CounterCurrent c/o Institut für Ökologie und Aktions-Ethnologie (INFOE) e. V. Melchiorstr. 3, D-50670 Köln Tel. +49-(0)221-739 2871 [email protected], www.infoe.de Author Daria Morgounova Schwalbe Editing Johannes Rohr and Heike Drillisch Layout Peer Neumann Photo Credits Daria Morgounova Schwalbe Front cover: Setting up a traditional nenets tent (chum) on the tundra.In the traditional nenets cul- ture, a woman decides where to set up a chum. Map Credits Page 5: By Ezhiki – Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District on the map of Russia as of January 1, 2008. CC-BY-SA-3.0 or CC BY 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons Page 6: By Pticy – Yamal Peninsula. CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons This report is based on field research conducted by the author in May 2016. Any errors or omissions are the sole responsibility of the author. GegenStrömung - CounterCurrent is a non-gov- ernmental initiative working for the observation of human rights and environmental protection by German actors in their activities abroad. Its legal sponsor is INFOE e. V. It is member of ECA Watch, an international civil society network that campaigns for the reform of export credit agencies (ECAs). For more information regarding ECA Watch, visit www.eca-watch.org. We were flying over the seemingly endless white space of permafrost for over an hour when my companion, a woman in her mid-thirties, pulled me towards the helicopter window: “Look over there, to the right.” She paused.
    [Show full text]
  • Panorama Geopolítico De Los Conflictos 2020
    Panorama geopolítico Instituto Español de los conflictos 2020 de Estudios Estratégicos MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA Instituto Panorama geopolítico Español de los conflictos 2020 de Estudios Estratégicos MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA CATÁLOGO GENERAL DE PUBLICACIONES OFICIALES https://cpage.mpr.gob.es Edita: SECRETARÍA GENERAL TÉCNICA https://publicaciones.defensa.gob.es/ © Autores y editor, 2020 NIPO: 083-16-414-6 (edición papel) NIPO: 083-16-415-1 (edición libro-e) ISBN: 978-84-9091-525-7 (edición papel) ISSN: 2530-3643 (edición papel) Deposito Legal: M 28775-2017 Fecha de edición: diciembre 2020 Maqueta e imprime: Ministerio de Defensa Las opiniones emitidas en esta publicación son exclusiva responsabilidad de los autores de la misma. Los derechos de explotación de esta obra están amparados por la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual. Ninguna de las partes de la misma puede ser reproducida, almacenada ni transmitida en ninguna forma ni por medio alguno, electrónico, mecánico o de grabación, incluido fotocopias, o por cualquier otra forma, sin permiso previo, expreso y por escrito de los titulares del © Copyright. En esta edición se ha utilizado papel 100% libre de cloro procedente de bosques gestionados de forma sostenible. ÍNDICE Página Introducción Panorama geopolítico de los conflictos 2020 ................................................ 11 Francisco José Dacoba Cerviño El entorno inmediato ............................................................................................................... 13 El entorno cercano ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 2. Mr. Mikhail Belkin Rosatomflot
    “Russia faces Arctic Ocean and no other nation needs icebreakers as much as we do. The nature shackled us in ice and the faster we drop these shackles, the sooner we let Russian power unfold”. Vice-Admiral Stepan Makarov Atomic Icebreakers Support for the Northern Sea Route ROSATOMFLOT A State Corporation Rosatom Enterprise www.rosatom.ru Northern Sea Route traffic in the period 1933-2014 (transits included) 7000 6455 6000 5392 5005 4804 5000 3930 3982 4000 3032 3111 3000 1800 1956 2000 1264 506 1000 130 289 0 19331938194319481953195819631966197119761981198619911996200120062011201320142015 3,98 mln. tons of cargo were transported via NSR in 2014 in total. Thus the general amount raised 2,7 times compared to 1998 when the traffic was at its lowest (1,46 mln. tons). The total amount of NSR traffic in 2014 constitutes 60% of 1986 year volume when 6,46 mln. tons were shipped. Suez Canal transit in 2014 was 963 mln. tons and 17 148 vessels. wwww..rroossattoomm.frluot.ru 2 Transit Voyages in 2010-2015 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total Volume of 1 659 207 292 084 111 000 820 789 1 261 545 1 355 897 Transit Cargo, t (gross tonnage) (gross tonnage) Total Number 4 34 46 71 129 27 of Transit (2 of them in (10 of them in (13 of them in (22 of them in (Sabetta Voyages ballast) ballast) ballast) ballast) excluded) wwww..rroossattoomm.frluot.ru 3 Hydrocarbons Exports to Asian and European Markets comparison of hydrocarbons export from Yamal Peninsula and Persian Gulf Hydrocarbons export from Yamal Peninsula to Asian and European markets Port Distance,
    [Show full text]
  • The Arctic in World Affairs: a North Pacific Dialogue on Arctic 2030 And
    EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 0115(12교)2018 NPAC_part 1(1-80).indd 1 2019.1.15 6:43:16 AM 2 The Arctic in World Affairs 0115(12교)2018 NPAC_part 1(1-80).indd 2 2019.1.15 6:43:16 AM Overview 3 Overview: Arctic 2030 and Beyond— Pathways to the Future1 Yoon Hyung Kim, Oran R. Young, Robert W. Corell, Jong Deog Kim, Arild Moe, and David L. VanderZwaag INTRODUCTION Earth has entered an unprecedented era of transformative change. Human actions have joined biophysical forces as drivers of multi-faceted developments on a global scale. As a result, future climatic conditions will differ profoundly from the relatively stable climate that humans have experienced over the past 10,000 years. These global forces are already generating rapid and far-reaching ecological changes in the Arctic. In turn, developments in the Arctic are intensifying both the scale and the pace of environmental, political, and economic changes in lower latitudes. Efforts to address Arctic issues constructively must recognize these developments as a point of departure. Human actions on a global scale are interacting with biophysical forces to increase the complexity, dynamism, and volatility of Earth’s ecological systems. The ripple effects of these changes are becoming more apparent with every passing year, affecting human societies in subtle and profound ways. Over the past several years, many governments, research organizations, and individual authors have issued reports indicating that the major drivers of change at the global level stem from human activities, largely from the burning of hydrocarbons, with far-reaching consequences for the future.
    [Show full text]