Analyzing Communication Between Government and Community in the Flow of Cross-Border Goods in the Regency of Meranti Island

July. 2019.Vol. 32. No.1 ISSN 2307-227X

ANALYZING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND COMMUNITY IN THE FLOW OF CROSS-BORDER GOODS IN THE REGENCY OF MERANTI ISLAND

1BELLI NASUTION, 2ANUAR RASYID

1,2Lecturer of Communication Studies, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Riau. [email protected] [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The aim of the research is to analyze the conflict communication between the Government and the community in the journey of cross-country goods in Meranti Archipelago district. The writer used descriptive qualitative method as the design of this research. This research will be implemented in the community and government in the Meranti Archipelago district. and the subjects of this research are government and the community, and the international flow of goods is the object in the research. This research involved three people from the government and two people from the community. Primary data is a data obtained directly by looking at the situation and based on monitoring of the current state of international goods, interviews directly with the community and the Government and field observations with the parties. The research used Huberman and Miles model to analyze the data. The results showed the communicator in the case of the current item consists of three government agencies, customs, navy, and navy military police. Regulations are the government-run messages as communicators. The channels of face to face that they use caused direct effect on the community. Conflict with the type of force conflict is that the government forces its citizens to obey the law in hopes of the realization of a flow of goods from overseas.

Keywords: Conflict Communication, Travel Flows across Countries Goods, Government, Society.

1. INTRODUCTION district in Marbau Island. The occurrence of conflict between government institutions and the community in Regency of Meranti Island located on the east coast of the case of travel flows across countries in the Meranti Sumatra island that is very strategic because it is located Island District is very interesting to research. Case after in the world's busiest international shipping area, case continues, the intensity of this conflict is increasing namely the Straits of Malacca which is directly adjacent after the Meranti archipelago becomes a stand-alone to Malaysia and two economics growth triangle, they Regency (which is divided from Bengkalis Regency). are Indonesia-Malaysia-Singapore (IMS-GT) and Solutions by looking for a model of urgent conflict triangle of Indonesia Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand communication to take to minimize the cases that (IMT-GT). The regency of Meranti Archipelago continue to occur in the region. The model can be said consists of four major islands, they are Merbau, Padang, as a form that describes the phenomenon (representation Rangsang, and Tebing Tinggi. The regency of Meranti of the phenomenon), where the model will explain the Islands also became hinterland of the FTZ growth elements that exist in the phenomenon. A model is a region of Riau Islands province. Thus, the regency of simple picture of a phenomenon, from a model we can Meranti Archipelago has the potential to serve as a understand a process as well as its elements and the supplier of various market needs in the surrounding system that makes up the process. By understanding the area, especially in the centers of economic activities conflict communication and finding the model of course such as Malaysia, Singapore, Karimun, Batam. The can be a reference for this area to overcome the regency of Meranti Island is a new district. Meranti problems it is facing, and can also be a referral if you Island is formed by under the Law 12/2009 with 55km want to develop the same thing in other areas. is all of area, consisting of land area of 370km and an Therefore, the author is interested to examine the model area of 18km Sea. Meranti Island Regency consists of 9 of conflict communication in Meranti District. sub districts, they are Tebing Tinggi, Tebing tinggi barat and Tebing tinggi timur that located in Padang Island, Ransang Sub-district, West Rangsang and Rangsang coastal area in Rangsang Island and Marbau Island sub 10

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2. METHOD of needs daily life, because this culture is hereditary since ancient times. The goods are exchanged in the Qualitative descriptive methods are used in this flow of travel of goods dominated by agricultural research. This research will be implemented in the commodities. Agricultural commodities in the Meranti community and government in the Meranti Island Archipelago Regency are sold to Malaysia. The regency. Government and communities become subjects proceeds from the agricultural commodities sold again in research, while international goods flows into objects for the daily needs of Malaysia. This is stated by Regent in research. The research subjects are three people from Meranti Island as follows: the government and three people from the community. Primary data is data obtained directly by looking at the Trade with the exchange of goods, so if we dig situation and based on monitoring of the current state of or master the history of cross border trade is based on the international goods, interviews directly with the the number of agricultural commodities that exist in community and government and the observation of the Meranti it cannot be sold to other places, but can be sold field with the part of being the object research, the in Malaysia because The proximity of the better buying model used in analyzing the data is the interactive price in Malaysia. Then, from the proceeds of the sale, model Huberman and Miles. the people of Meranti buy goods daily necessities from Malaysia. There are several reasons for the people of the 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. regency of Meranti Island to make purchases of similar goods that come from Indonesia. These reasons, among Communication conflicts between Governments and others, goods from Malaysia have better quality, communities in the travels of cross-country goods in the cheaper and easier to obtain and a closer distance. The regency of Meranti Island. The current journey of cross- results of interviews with Mr. Regent Meranti Island as country goods in the Meranti Archipelago district has follows. The provision of daily goods because of the been around hundreds of years ago. This is because the consideration of distance, better quality, similar goods community of Meranti Archipelago District has made that enter from Indonesia is much more expensive with this work a culture. Then between the community quality under the quality of Malaysia, so that the Meranti Archipelago Regency has an emotional and automatic person Meranti will surely seek Buy that need family relationship and kinship with Malaysia is Johor. from Malaysia with cheap price, better quality and easy This is in accordance with the results of the interview to get. The Government is the party responsible for with the Regent of Meranti Island, he stated if the providing the current permits of goods. The government inclusion of goods cross-border from overseas that serves as a communicator consists of customs, navy especially Malaysia might have been hundreds of years, military police, and navy. Governments should because it is a work that has become a culture, and understand the circumstances of audiences or the Meranti and Johor has an emotional relationship of Government must understand the state of the audience kinship family, so the principle of cross border trading or society. The Regent of Meranti Island explained that itself is barter trip. The same thing is also conveyed by the communicators who originated from the government the Navy, the results of interviews toward him as involved conflict are as follows so the conflict between follow; Since ancient times, Indonesia has been a strong governments and communities in the context of cross- bilateral relationship with Malaysia, but likewise with border trade tends to conflict between communities that cooperation in the field of trade, it is also not to be conduct cross-border trade activities with officers in separated from the rules for the travel of the traffic flow. quotation marks are certain agencies. People with Well, speaking of the flow of goods that go into customs officials, communities with water police, Indonesia, especially in the Meranti archipelago, in communities with the Navy. Because these three ancient times since hundreds of years ago, communities institutions are always supervising and do have the in the Meranti Island have been trading with the barter authority to keep the goods out of the foreign entrance. system, called by barter trade agreement, for the relationship between Meranti Island and Malaysia, the The National Food and Drug Agency (BPOM) community economy is quite good. Because in this case is not involved in the flow of goods. BPOM is involved the community sailed to Malaysia that was only 2 or 3 when the goods have been marketed. It is a supported days, while the other community only proceeds of the Regent statement i.e. There are 4 government agencies sale of agricultural products were given food goods to involved, namely customs, navy military police navy, Malaysia, then the remaining money is used for the cost and National Food and Drug Agency. So that is the 11

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International Journal of Research In Social Sciences © 2013-2019 IJRSS & K.A.J. All rights reserved www.ijsk.org/ijrss problem is who is the traffic police when the circulation affecting interpersonal attractions such as physical in the sea, because if on land it is clearly there is police attraction, reward and ability. That is why traffic, if they are carrying a motorcycle without a driver communicators who want to influence others should license will be on the police ticketed, but if in this sea if start by emphasize the similarities between themselves the community Carry the goods at first checked customs and communicate. Kenneth Burke A rhetoric expert clearance to see from the legality of the inclusion of calls this effort as a strategy of identification. Strength is goods due to licensing, and others. Police also do the the confidence a communicator should have if he or she same, although customs have granted permission, the wants to influence others (Cangara 2012). According to police will see from another perspective, because among Sendjaya (2008), Power is the ability to inflict these institutions do not have a good connection, as well submission. As with credibility and attraction, as the Navy, Navy also see the equipment Shipping submission arises from between communicators and requirements, while issuing this sailing permit is communicate. Power causes one to impose his will to Syahandar Standard Operation Procedure (SOP), the others because he has a very important resource. community was confused because he already gave permission, then the Navy or the police because they The Government is still not effective and used the rules are not the same, so the line in The sea is efficient in delivering a message to the community much more complicated than the land line. causing conflict. The government conveyed the message pertaining to the flow of goods to the public wisely. The The results of interviews with Mr. Regent delivered message is easy to understand and consider Meranti Island as follows. The SOP is still overlapping the community as a message recipient. The message that until now, because the authority feels that the triggers conflict is that the Community considers the community is confused because the supervising there current provisions not in accordance with the conditions are 4 institutions related. If a rider, who gives the of the local community. The community of Meranti penalty is the traffic police, but for the rider not only Island Regency felt the scarcity of daily necessities that traffic police can give a penalty. Therefore, this must be entered from Indonesia at an expensive price, so they set in order. And for the collection is very much and this must buy goods from Malaysia. The results of is very troublesome community. This is in accordance interviews with the regencies of Meranti are as follows. with Aristotle's Theory (1954) that the character of a This must be in accordance with the provisions, but the communicator as an ethos consisting of good sense, problem is the current provisions according to the good moral character, and good will. Hovland and community not according to local conditions. If not Weiss (1951) mentions this ethos credibility consisting buying from Malaysia, the needs of the community will of 2 elements, expertise and trustworthness. There are at not be fulfilled. The government in delivering messages least 3 characteristics of communicators that need to be does not correspond with society. Hamidi (2007) stating considered: credibility, attractiveness, power (Sendjaya that communication is said to be effective if: 2008, Cangara 2012). In connection with the Communicators Hamidi (2007) divide into 3, they are 1. The message conveyed can be understood by the Ethos Communicator, the credibility of the communfishes. communicator, and the effectiveness of communicators. 2. Communfishes Act and behave as desired Credibility is a set of communicative perceptions about communicators. the properties of communicators. The things that affect 3. There is conformity between components. the communicator's perception of communicators. The things that affects the communicator's perception of Sperber and Wilson (1986) argue that there are 5 things communicators before he performs his communication related to the message quality that can be considered by is called prior ethos. Components of credibility are: 1. the recipient, they are: Expertise is the impression that communicate formed about the ability of communicators in conjunction with 1. Messages are appropriate or relevant to the needs of the topics discussed. High-value communicators on the the recipient, relevant to the context and culture skills are considered intelligent, but if the applicable to the user. communicators who are assessed low on the skills are 2. There is an update/novelty in the material. considered inexperienced. Trust is the sense of 3. Trustworthy. communication about communicators related to his 4. Easy to understand. disposition. Attractions are found on situational factors 5. Can solve user problems. 12

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A communication channel is a tool that the magazines, brochures, books, posters. And in electronic message source uses to deliver messages from the form includes radio, television, Internet. Mass media message sender to the recipient. This channel is channels have the potential to disseminate information regarded as a means of delivery of information derived quickly. from sources to information recipients with various types of communication channels that can be used in Some findings relate to the channel. Chaudri accordance with the information submitted. So the and Wang (2007) analyzed the communication of CSR action that we do is to be a facilitator and mediator. programs conducted by 100 information Technology Because this authority does not become the authority of (IT) companies in India on their company website, with the local government, its authority is in the vertical a focus on analysis on the dimensions of communication institutions that are in the customs, police, navy, and excellence, information and presentation style. The National Food and Drug Agency. They are the central invention shows that the number of companies with institution that is handled in the area, and they in CSR information on their website is very low and these carrying out its duties do not coordinate, not even tell reputable companies do not utilize the website to their the other. So this becomes a complicated problem. If advantage in terms of quantity and communication style there is a conflict with the community, they ask the of CSR programs. Although the findings are not always regional head to facilitate. a CSR action proves the communication of CSR actions is less proactive. A Communicator or receiver (the According to Rogers (2003), said that there are recipient of a message) is the party that the message is 2 kinds of communication channels that can convey the sent by the source (Communicator). Receivers can also messages of agricultural development or agricultural be referred to as audiences, goals, readers, listeners, information i.e. mass media channels and interpersonal audiences, audience, decoder or communicable. The channels. The same is also suggested by Sendjaya success of a communication process is determined by (2008), that in general there are 2 communication the message recipient. Message recipients in channels in the effort to dissemination messages, communication can be individuals, groups and personal channels, and non-personal channels, or communities. It is the duty of a communicator to know commonly referred to as communication channels who will be the host before the communication process through the mass media. While Cangara (2012), divide in order to communication process can take place well the communication media into 4 groups called personal and message communication can be conveyed. Message media, group media, Public media, and the mass media. recipients have physical and psychological Rogers (2003) outlines the categorization of characteristics that make the receiver unique. The communication channels that it is often difficult for physical and psychological characteristics of the message recipients to distinguish the message source message receiver will affect the acceptance, and channel that carries the message. Sources are interpretation and evaluation of the messages. The individuals or institutions that generate messages. A characteristics of the message recipients are channel is a message obtained from the source to be demographic, psychological and behavior communicated to the recipient. According to Rogers characteristics of the receiver. Sendjaya (2008). (2003) and Sendjaya (2008) Several typologies of communication channels include: The difficulties of obtaining cheap goods originating from foreign goods are Malaysia. People are 1. Interpersonal channels, which are face-to-face treated to local goods at more expensive prices. The communication with family, neighbors, friends, purchasing power of low society resulted in difficult to agricultural equipment merchants, and counseling. buy local goods. The effect of communication felt by Interpersonal channels between individuals are very the community involved in the flow of goods to effective, there are interactive dialogue and feedback. Malaysia is the community is afraid to bring goods from Interpersonal channels between individuals can change Indonesia to Malaysia, and vice versa. In this case, the the attitude of audiences, face-to-face directly between Government directly related to the flow of goods does one or more recipients with the informer. Meeting place not give a sense of comfort and safety to society. in the office of Extension, House, land or market. Conversely, the Malaysian government is so concerned with foreigners who enter their waters. This is as 2. The mass media channel is in printed and electronic conveyed by the regent of Meranti Islands. The main form. Printed forms include rustic newspapers, problem in cross border trade is that there is a difference 13

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International Journal of Research In Social Sciences © 2013-2019 IJRSS & K.A.J. All rights reserved www.ijsk.org/ijrss in treatment between Indonesian apparatus and sender to the source oriented communication. Mulyana Malaysian apparatus. When smuggling on sailing from (2007) collecting the definition of communication Meranti to Malaysia, which was observed only when according to Hovland is a process that allows a person they came out of the Indonesian border which meant (communicator) to convey stimuli (usually a verbal that the people were in Indonesian waters, they were emblem) to change the behavior of others afraid to be arrested and squeezed. Then, when they (communicate). According to Lasswel, a good way to entered Malaysia, Malaysia officials usually escorted explain communication is to answer the question as them directly to the port they were aiming for. They felt follows: "Who says what in which channel to whom the same thing when they were out of Malaysia as well. with what effect " (communication is who says what to Unlike Indonesia, they feel unsafe if they are in whom through the media that poses an effect (Cangara Indonesian waters. Malaysia prioritizes cruise safety 2002). Berlo (1960) defines communication as a process without seeing who they are and what they do. So, in by which an idea is transferred from the source to one or this case we must emulate the Malaysian paradigm, in more recipients, with the intention of changing the order to make people comfortable trading in Malaysia behavior. It can be concluded that the purpose of even if Malaysia buys a cheap price because it is treated communication with a linear approach is the occurrence well and impressively. of behavioral change. The communication of conflicts between the government and the community in relation Communication experts explain that the result to the flow of goods is a structural conflict, which is a is a result that occurs on the recipient/communication conflict caused by structural injustices in the mastery, party. The effect or end result of a communication, is possession, power, authority or separation of the attitude and conduct of the individual, appropriate or Geographical. The Government is very dominant not with the one desired by the communicator. If the governing and authorized in inspecting the goods individual attitudes and behaviors are appropriate, then entered from Malaysia to the Regency/Meranti island. communication can be said to succeed. And vice versa. The approach of conflict that occurs between the (Sendjaja 2008, Muhammad 2009, Cengara 2012). The Government and the community is the approach of force conflict is a feedback that comes from the community, (coercion) which means that the expectations and the feedback from the recipient on the message interests of the Government force its citizens to obey the received. Communication Conflicts that occur between law in hopes of an order (Littlejohn & Domenici, 2007). the government and the public if left out will have a bad impact. Long-term communication feedback will be Solutions according to the Regent is by conducting very fatal, the community in the border will choose to mediation, between the government and the community. be a citizen of Malaysia rather than becoming an Mediation is a third party, the mediator only facilitates Indonesian citizen. This is as conveyed by the regent of the completion process (and may even suggest Meranti Islands: If the pattern is not changed, I am resolutions. Usually known as the proposal of the worried that people of this frontier would prefer to be mediator), but cannot impose the resolution on the Malaysian citizens than Indonesian citizens. disputing parties. The Regent of Meranti Islands argued, it was willing to mediate conflicts that occurred between DeVito (1997) states that feedback is the the central government consisting of customs, Navy information sent back to the source. Therefore, the military police and navy. Dialogue is required to find impression, perception, judgment, response, opinion, the best solution in this case, Littlejohn & Domenici and public trust should be maintained in the best (2001). Dialogue is a two-way communication, between possible (Sendjaya 2008). According to Cangara (2012) the Government and the community sitting together to Feedback is one form of influence derived from the convey problems. recipient. However, feedback is also derived from other elements such as messages and media, although the 4. CONCLUSION message has not arrived at the recipient. The communication made by the Government to the Results and discussion are obtained that the community is linear. The government conveyed the communicators in the case of this goods flow consists of message in the form of legislation relating to the flow of 3 government agencies, customs, navy and navy goods in one direction. The community is not involved military police. Regulations are the government-run in establishing the legislation. Communication as a one- messages as communicators. The front-face channels way action or a linear process is a message from the used cause direct effects on the community. Conflict 14

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