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Switzerland1
YEARBOOK OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW - VOLUME 14, 2011 CORRESPONDENTS’ REPORTS SWITZERLAND1 Contents Multilateral Initiatives — Foreign Policy Priorities .................................................................. 1 Multilateral Initiatives — Human Security ................................................................................ 1 Multilateral Initiatives — Disarmament and Non-Proliferation ................................................ 2 Multilateral Initiatives — International Humanitarian Law ...................................................... 4 Multilateral Initiatives — Peace Support Operations ................................................................ 5 Multilateral Initiatives — International Criminal Law .............................................................. 6 Legislation — Implementation of the Rome Statute ................................................................. 6 Cases — International Crimes Trials (War Crimes, Crimes against Humanity, Genocide) .... 12 Cases — Extradition of Alleged War Criminal ....................................................................... 13 Multilateral Initiatives — Foreign Policy Priorities Swiss Federal Council, Foreign Policy Report (2011) <http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/doc/publi/ppol.html> Pursuant to the 2011 Foreign Policy Report, one of Switzerland’s objectives at institutional level in 2011 was the improvement of the working methods of the UN Security Council (SC). As a member of the UN ‘Small 5’ group, on 28 March 2012, the Swiss -
Energy Strategy for ETH Zurich
ESC Energy Science Center Energy Strategy for ETH Zurich ETH Zurich Energy Science Center Sonneggstrasse 3 8092 Zurich Switzerland Tel. +41 (0)44 632 83 88 www.esc.ethz.ch Imprint Scientific editors K. Boulouchos (Chair), ETH Zurich C. Casciaro, ETH Zurich K. Fröhlich, ETH Zurich S. Hellweg, ETH Zurich HJ. Leibundgut, ETH Zurich D. Spreng, ETH Zurich Layout null-oder-eins.ch Design Corporate Communications, ETH Zurich Translation and editing editranslate.com, Zurich Images Page 12, Solar Millennium AG Page 28, Axpo Available from: Energy Science Center ETH Zurich Sonneggstrasse 3 CH-8092 Zurich www.esc.ethz.ch [email protected] © Energy Science Center February 2008 Zurich Energy Strategy for ETH Zurich 1 Contents Editorial 2 Executive Summary 3 Goals of the Strategy and Working Method 8 Challenges and Boundary Conditions 9 Energy Research at ETH Zurich 13 Energy supply 14 Energy use 19 Interactions with society and the environment 24 Energy Education at ETH Zurich 29 Vision of a Transformation Path 30 Implications for ETH Zurich 35 Appendix Contributors to the Energy Strategy 39 Editorial 2 In the fall of 2006, the Energy Science Center (ESC) of The ESC members will continue to be actively involved so ETH Zurich embarked on the task of adjusting its plans that the cross-cutting strategic and operational effort for future energy-related teaching and research to match just begun here in energy research and teaching can the magnitude of the challenges in the national and glo- yield fruit. This strategy report constitutes a first impor- bal arena. At that time the executive committee of the tant step towards an intensified dialogue both within Energy Science Center instructed an internal working ETH Zurich as well as with interested partners in industry, group to begin formulating a research strategy. -
I. Introduction
Just Say No to Big Brother’s Smart Meters by Orlean Koehle I. Introduction Just Say NO to “Big Brother’s” Smart Meters by Orlean Koehle - (the original article was sent out by e-mail October 21, 2010) Most Americans have not yet heard of the "smart meters" that are being installed at a rapid pace across the state of California and across our nation. Most Americans are totally unaware that someone will soon be showing up at your home, and, without knocking, or asking for your permission, will remove your old analog meter and replace it with a new "smart meter." Is this something you would really want? What is a smart meter? It is one that contains RF (radio frequency) so that it can be remotely controlled and read. No longer will a meter reader have to come to your home to read the meter. It will all be done remotely. When all is in place, the smart meter will not only keep track of how much electricity you are using, but it will be able to control, regulate, and ration your use of that electricity. If "big brother" decides that you are using too much heat in the winter time, or too much air conditioning in the summer time, or using too much hot water in your showers or washing machine (even if you are willing to pay for that extra usage), that use of power will be automatically turned down. A future goal is to have all appliances replaced with those containing RF for even more regulations and controls. -
Potential and Uncertainty of Wind Energy in the Swiss Alps
Potential and uncertainty of wind energy in the Swiss Alps Thèse N° 9350 Présentée le 8 mars 2019 à la Faculté de l’environnement naturel, architectural et construit Laboratoire des sciences cryosphériques Programme doctoral en génie civil et environnement pour l’obtention du grade de Docteur ès Sciences par Albertus Christiaan KRUYT Acceptée sur proposition du jury Prof. A. Buttler, président du jury Prof. M. Lehning, directeur de thèse Dr G. Giudati, rapporteur Dr S. Bourgeois, rapporteuse Dr J. Fang, rapporteur 2019 Παντα ρι To my parents. Acknowledgements This thesis would not have been possible with the help of many amazing people around me. First of, I’d like to thank Michi Lehning, for putting his trust in me and exploring a relatively new field together. I’ve learned a great deal from you over the years, thank you for allowing me the freedom to do things my way. The amazing Team Energy at EPFL: Annelen, Jerome and Stuart; you guys are the best. Slowly we will save the world! ;) Deep gratitude goes to Franziska Gerber and Varun Sharma for helping me with the WRF modeling described in the last chapter of this thesis. If it weren’t for your help and patient answers to my countless questions, I am sure that chapter would have looked very different. Similarly, I am grateful for Benoit Gherardi’s help with an initial WRF set-up. The great people at CRYOS in Lausanne have always welcomed me warmly. And although I only made very irregular appearences you all made me feel welcome and part of the team. -
Doing Business in Switzerland: 2014 Country Commercial Guide for U.S
Doing Business in Switzerland: 2014 Country Commercial Guide for U.S. Companies INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT, U.S. & FOREIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 2012. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. Chapter 1: Doing Business In Switzerland Chapter 2: Political and Economic Environment Chapter 3: Selling U.S. Products and Services Chapter 4: Leading Sectors for U.S. Export and Investment Chapter 5: Trade Regulations, Customs and Standards Chapter 6: Investment Climate Chapter 7: Trade and Project Financing Chapter 8: Business Travel Chapter 9: Contacts, Market Research and Trade Events 1 Chapter 1: Doing Business in Switzerland Market Overview Market Challenges Market Opportunities Market Entry Strategy Market Overview Return to top Switzerland’s population of 8 million is affluent and cosmopolitan GDP of about USD 631 billion; growth forecast of 2.2% for 2014 In 2013 total exports from the U.S. to Switzerland amounted to USD 27 billion. U.S.-Swiss trade generally stable despite financial and economic crisis; World-class infrastructure, business-friendly legal and regulatory environment Highly educated, reliable, and flexible work force Consumer and producer of high-quality, value-added industrial/consumer goods Manufacturing sector is highly automated and efficient Strong market demand for U.S. components and production systems Strong demand for high quality products with competitive prices Highest per capita IT spending in the world Multilingual/multicultural European test market and -
Geomicrobiology and Hydrogeochemistry in High Mountain Habitats and in Cold Water Mineral Springs
Geosciences & Geoecology, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen 2009 Geomicrobiology and hydrogeochemistry in high mountain habitats and in cold water mineral springs Field trip to geomicrobiologically and geochemically interesting ecosystems in the Swiss Alps for participants of the Geosciences and Geoecology Program at the Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen and guests Tuesday, September 1 to Thursday, September 3, 2009 Fe geomicrobiology in the former iron mine Gonzen, Fe, S and C cycling in the Jöri lake catchment and low temperature geochemistry in the mineral springs of the „Lower Engadine Window“, the Albula valley and the Domleschg region /GR, Switzerland Guided by Kurt Hanselmann, Zürich and Andreas Kappler, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen Jöri catchment Locations and Topics During this geomicrobiological field trip we will learn how to evaluate concepts of microbial ecology as they appear to us in nature and as they apply to the geosciences. We will be confronted with a few hydrochemical essentials, which we will relate to basic chemical knowledge, and to the mineralogy and the geology of the areas visited. Gonzen: How iron deposits near former hydrothermal seeps became rocks and how these were uplifted. Rothenbrunnen: microbial involvement in iron transformation processes and iron-removal Alvaneu: Competing S- and Fe-chemolithotrophy, biosphere-hydrosphere-lithosphere interactions, Jöri: alpine microbial habitats, low-nutrient life strategies, cold-adapted microorganisms, microbially mediated geochemical cycling of P, Fe, Mn, relations to local geology and the alpine water cycle. Tarasp-Scuol-Ftan: Subsurface geo-hydro-microbiology in the „Lower Engadin Window“, Trias evaporites, Bündnerschiefer, mineral dissolution, CO2 outgassing and „carbonate ice“ precipitation, deep subsurface chemical interactions and biological processes, surface reactivities of sedimentary rocks. -
The Mineral Industry of Switzerland in 2014
2014 Minerals Yearbook SWITZERLAND U.S. Department of the Interior December 2017 U.S. Geological Survey THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF SWITZERLAND By Sinan Hastorun Switzerland is a highly developed, landlocked, and $675.3 billion (CHF642.3 billion1) in 2014. The slightly higher mountainous country in Central Europe that borders the rate of growth was mainly owing to increased net exports and, European Union (EU) member states of Austria, France, to a lesser degree, increased domestic private consumption. Germany, and Italy as well as the Principality of Liechtenstein. The gross value added from manufacturing and construction Few mineral commodities were mined in the country although increased by 2.0% in 2014, compared with a revised increase more than 1,000 mineral deposits (in particular, iron ore of 1.0% in 2013. Within manufacturing and construction, and manganese ore) have been identified on Swiss territory. the value added from manufacturing increased by 2.4% Switzerland’s mineral output consisted almost exclusively of compared with an increase of 0.7% (revised) in 2013, and that industrial minerals for the construction sector, refined precious of construction increased by 2.1% compared with 2.0% in the metals, and refined mineral fuels. Industrial minerals that previous year. The mining and quarrying sector contracted were mined and used on a large scale by industry were clay, in 2014; its value decreased by 5.3% in 2014 compared with gypsum, lime, and rock salt. Hydraulic cement and sulfur (from an increase of 1.9% (revised) in 2013 (Federal Statistical petroleum refining) were also produced. Construction aggregates Office, 2015c, e, h, i; European Commission, 2015, p. -
Feldschiessen / Tir En Campagne 2020 GR 300M
Feldschiessen / Tir en campagne 2020 GR 300m Rang Resultat Schütze Jahrgang Auszeichn. Waffe Verein Résultat Tireur Né en Mention Arme Société 1 71 Meuli Konrad 1979 E KA AK 57 Scharans Schützenverein 2 71 Sgier Miguel 1997 E KA AK 57 Tomils Schützenverein 3 70 Plaz Franz Josef 1970 S KA AK 57 Rothenbrunnen Schützenverein 4 70 Giger Hansruedi 1971 S KA AK 57 Tomils Schützenverein 5 70 Frischknecht Dirk 1989 E KA AK 57 Rothenbrunnen Schützenverein 6 69 Sgier Hermann 1959 V KA AK 57 Tomils Schützenverein 7 69 Lorez Astrid 1981 E KA AK 57 Thusis Schiesssport Rheinau 8 68 Santacaterina Armando 2000 U21 KA AK 90 Thusis Schiesssport Rheinau 9 68 von Weissenfluh Peter 1943 SV KA AK 57 Thusis Schiesssport Rheinau 10 68 Frischknecht Carl 1958 V KA AK 57 Rothenbrunnen Schützenverein 11 68 Mark Joel Lukas 1994 E KA AK 90 Thusis Schiesssport Rheinau 12 68 Sciamanna Fabio 1996 E KA AK 90 Thusis Schiesssport Rheinau 13 68 Ardüser Mauro 1996 E KA AK 57 Rothenbrunnen Schützenverein 14 67 Rapold Andres 1946 SV KA AK Kar Masein Schiessverein Beverin 15 67 Caviezel Theo 1952 V KA AK 57 Tomils Schützenverein 16 67 Tscharner Gion 1953 V KA AK 57 Tomils Schützenverein 17 67 Rensch Hugo 1963 S KA AK 90 Masein Schiessverein Beverin 18 67 Lorez Werner 1966 S KA AK 57 Thusis Schiesssport Rheinau 19 67 Giger Pius 1972 S KA AK 90 Rodels Schützenverein Mitteldomleschg 20 67 Beeli Stefan 1981 E KA AK Kar Masein Schiessverein Beverin 21 67 Staub Fabian 1989 E KA AK 90 Rothenbrunnen Schützenverein 22 67 Attenhofer Bryan 1992 E KA AK 90 Thusis Schiesssport Rheinau 23 -
Developing Deep Geothermal Resources in Switzerland
Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2010 Bali, Indonesia, 25-29 April 2010 Developing Deep Geothermal Resources in Switzerland Roland Wyss, Ladislaus Rybach Swiss Geothermal Association, Zuercherstrasse 105, CH-8500 Frauenfeld; Geowatt AG, Dohlenweg 28, CH-8050 Zuerich [email protected]; [email protected] Keywords: EGS systems, potential study, seismic risk, 2. GEOLOGICAL AN GEOTHERMAL OVERVIEW drilling locations 2.1 Geothermal Gradients and Heat Flow in Switzerland ABSTRACT Most of the population of Switzerland lives in the Swiss In the last three decades, continuous efforts in the Molasse Basin, a flat-lying area at 300–600 m altitude exploration of geothermal resources in Switzerland have located north of the up to 4000 m high Alpine range and been made. In the 1980’s and the 1990’s, geothermal south of the 1000–1500 m high Jura mountains, a folded projects with wells down to 2600 m were realized at several mountain belt. sites for space heating or balneological applications. The Swiss Molasse Basin consists of a crystalline basement According to several studies, the potential of deep containing old, permo-carbonifereous troughs and is geothermal exploitation (>3000 m) in Switzerland is very covered by a thick sedimentary sequence of Triassic to high. Due to relatively limited exploration activities, the Tertiary age. The surface is structured by the Quaternary database of the deep subsurface in Switzerland is small. glaciations and the subsequent alluvial and colluvial This implicates a relatively high risk for hydrothermal processes. projects. On the other hand, the EGS technology for petrothermal projects is not yet well developed. Furthermore, the current legal situation does not support efficient exploration, and the financial encouragement by the federal government is very limited. -
Renewable Energy Switzerland
Switzerland December, 2013 Switzerland Renewable energy incentive program This document may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without our prior written permission. Switzerland Country Renewable Energy Overview December, 2013 Country renewable energy - Summary Green energy diffusion in the Solar energy incentives program country • National overview • Solar energy (photovoltaic) • Feed-in-tariffs • Wind mills • Tax credits • Biomass, wastes, biogas. • Incentive scheme for renewables Wind mills energy incentives Biomass, biofuels, biogas energy, program incentives program • National overview • National overview • Feed-in-tariffs • Feed-in-tariffs Geothermal energy Hydroelectricity • National overview • National overview • Feed-in-tariffs • Feed-in-tariffs Switzerland Renewable energy production December, 2013 Renewable energy - Production Primary production of energy in 2010 Thanks to its topography and high levels of annual (in 1000 toe) 14,000 rainfall, Switzerland has ideal conditions for the 12,000 utilization of hydropower. Hydroelectric energy production is the leading renewable energy 10,000 source with 62.43% of national total electricity Coal 8,000 Renewables production. Nuclear 6,000 Natural gas The total installed renewable capacity (biomass Oil 4,000 + geothermal + hydroelectricity +solar +wind) in 2,000 Switzerland increased by 1.13% from 14,031 0 MW in 2010 to 14,189 MW in 2011, ranking on 17th position globally. Over the previous 5 years, Data Source: Eurostat the total installed renewable energy capacity has raised by 0.44% . China was the world leader for total installed renewable capacity in 2011 with 301,440 MW, or 21.24 times larger than Switzerland. The total installed renewable capacity in Switzerland in 2012 represented 69.5% of total installed energy capacity (all conventional + all renewable energy sources). -
Life Cycle Assessment of Electricity Mixes According to the Energy Strategy 2050
13 | 20 04 Life Cycle Assessment of Electricity Mixes according to the Energy Strategy 2050 Schlussbericht Fachstelle Nachhaltiges Bauen IMPRESSUM Auftraggeberin: Stadt Zürich, Amt für Hochbauten, Fachstelle Nachhaltiges Bauen Amtshaus III, Lindenhofstrasse 21 8021 Zürich Bearbeitung: Franziska Wyss, Rolf Frischknecht (treeze Ltd. Uster) [email protected] Projektleitung: Dr. Heinrich Gugerli Fachstelle Nachhaltiges Bauen, Amt für Hochbauten Projektteam: Franziska Wyss, Rolf Frischknecht (treeze Ltd., Uster) Dr. Heinrich Gugerli (Stadt Zürich, AHB) Zürich, April 2013 Abbreviations and Glossary a annum (year) CCS Carbon Capture and Storage CED Cumulative Energy Demand CH Switzerland CO 2 Carbon dioxide GLO Global average GWP Global warming potential J Joule KBOB Swiss Federal Office for Construction and Logistics (Koordination der Bau- und Liegenschaftsorgane des Bundes) LCA life cycle assessment LCI life cycle inventory analysis LCIA life cycle impact assessment NEP scenario ‘new energy policies’ POM scenario ‘political measures’ RER Europe SIA Swiss society of engineers and architects TWh Terawatt hour UBP eco-points (German: Umweltbelastungspunkte) WWB Scenario ‚business as usual‘ Zusammenfassung i Zusammenfassung Im Jahr 2011 wurde in der Schweiz der Atomausstieg beschlossen. Im Rahmen einer nachhaltigen und „grünen“ Zukunftsgestaltung wurden verschiedene Möglichkeiten einer zukünftigen Energie- und Stromversorgung diskutiert. In diesem Zusammenhang entwickelte der Bundesrat die Energiestrategie 2050, in welcher drei unterschiedliche Szenarien für mögliche zukünftige Energie-Situationen aufgezeigt werden. Die Szenarien sind ‚Weiter wie bisher‘ (WWB), ‚Neue Energiepolitik‘ (NEP) und ‚Politische Massnahmen‘ (POM). Die Szenarien unterscheiden sich in den politischen Rahmenbedinungen, der Entwicklung der Stromnachfrage, den Produktionsvolumina und den Technologien, welche für die Stromgewinnung eingesetzt werden. Dieser Bericht untersucht die Umweltauswirkungen von drei schweizer Strommixen im Jahr 2050, gemäss den Szenarien der Energiestrategie 2050. -
Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) Action Plan
Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications DETEC Federal Office of Energy FOE Office for the Exemplary Role of the Confederation in Energy ERCE The Confederation: exemplary in energy How the Confederation and parastate enterprises perform their exemplary role in energy The Swisscom example Initial report 2014 www.confederation-exemplary-in-energy.ch Masthead Publisher Office for the Exemplary Role of the Confederation in Energy ERCE, Federal Office of Energy FOE, 3003 Bern, www.confederation-exemplary-in-energy.ch Project management for this report Reto Herwig, FOE, Office for the Exemplary Role of the Confederation in Energy ERCE Members of the Coordination Group for the Exemplary Role of the Confederation in Energy ERCE Daniel Büchel, FOE, chairperson of the Coordination Group ERCE, Deputy Director FOE Bernard Matthey-Doret, Federal Office for Buildings and Logistics FBL, Deputy Director FBL Anne Wolf, Swiss Post, Head of the Sustainability organizational unit Christoph Affentranger, ETH Board, Staff real estate unit Reinhard Friedli, RUMBA programme of the Federal Administration, Head of Section, FBL Arnold Trümpi, Swiss Federal Railways SBB, Head of Energy Management Stefan Meyer, Skyguide, Head of Corporate Real Estate Management Res Witschi, Swisscom, Head of Corporate Responsibility Marcel Adam, Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport DDPS, Head of Environmental Management, Norms and Standards sector Office for the Exemplary Role of the Confederation in Energy ERCE Reto Herwig,