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Switzerland1
YEARBOOK OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW - VOLUME 14, 2011 CORRESPONDENTS’ REPORTS SWITZERLAND1 Contents Multilateral Initiatives — Foreign Policy Priorities .................................................................. 1 Multilateral Initiatives — Human Security ................................................................................ 1 Multilateral Initiatives — Disarmament and Non-Proliferation ................................................ 2 Multilateral Initiatives — International Humanitarian Law ...................................................... 4 Multilateral Initiatives — Peace Support Operations ................................................................ 5 Multilateral Initiatives — International Criminal Law .............................................................. 6 Legislation — Implementation of the Rome Statute ................................................................. 6 Cases — International Crimes Trials (War Crimes, Crimes against Humanity, Genocide) .... 12 Cases — Extradition of Alleged War Criminal ....................................................................... 13 Multilateral Initiatives — Foreign Policy Priorities Swiss Federal Council, Foreign Policy Report (2011) <http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/doc/publi/ppol.html> Pursuant to the 2011 Foreign Policy Report, one of Switzerland’s objectives at institutional level in 2011 was the improvement of the working methods of the UN Security Council (SC). As a member of the UN ‘Small 5’ group, on 28 March 2012, the Swiss -
Energy Strategy for ETH Zurich
ESC Energy Science Center Energy Strategy for ETH Zurich ETH Zurich Energy Science Center Sonneggstrasse 3 8092 Zurich Switzerland Tel. +41 (0)44 632 83 88 www.esc.ethz.ch Imprint Scientific editors K. Boulouchos (Chair), ETH Zurich C. Casciaro, ETH Zurich K. Fröhlich, ETH Zurich S. Hellweg, ETH Zurich HJ. Leibundgut, ETH Zurich D. Spreng, ETH Zurich Layout null-oder-eins.ch Design Corporate Communications, ETH Zurich Translation and editing editranslate.com, Zurich Images Page 12, Solar Millennium AG Page 28, Axpo Available from: Energy Science Center ETH Zurich Sonneggstrasse 3 CH-8092 Zurich www.esc.ethz.ch [email protected] © Energy Science Center February 2008 Zurich Energy Strategy for ETH Zurich 1 Contents Editorial 2 Executive Summary 3 Goals of the Strategy and Working Method 8 Challenges and Boundary Conditions 9 Energy Research at ETH Zurich 13 Energy supply 14 Energy use 19 Interactions with society and the environment 24 Energy Education at ETH Zurich 29 Vision of a Transformation Path 30 Implications for ETH Zurich 35 Appendix Contributors to the Energy Strategy 39 Editorial 2 In the fall of 2006, the Energy Science Center (ESC) of The ESC members will continue to be actively involved so ETH Zurich embarked on the task of adjusting its plans that the cross-cutting strategic and operational effort for future energy-related teaching and research to match just begun here in energy research and teaching can the magnitude of the challenges in the national and glo- yield fruit. This strategy report constitutes a first impor- bal arena. At that time the executive committee of the tant step towards an intensified dialogue both within Energy Science Center instructed an internal working ETH Zurich as well as with interested partners in industry, group to begin formulating a research strategy. -
Potential and Uncertainty of Wind Energy in the Swiss Alps
Potential and uncertainty of wind energy in the Swiss Alps Thèse N° 9350 Présentée le 8 mars 2019 à la Faculté de l’environnement naturel, architectural et construit Laboratoire des sciences cryosphériques Programme doctoral en génie civil et environnement pour l’obtention du grade de Docteur ès Sciences par Albertus Christiaan KRUYT Acceptée sur proposition du jury Prof. A. Buttler, président du jury Prof. M. Lehning, directeur de thèse Dr G. Giudati, rapporteur Dr S. Bourgeois, rapporteuse Dr J. Fang, rapporteur 2019 Παντα ρι To my parents. Acknowledgements This thesis would not have been possible with the help of many amazing people around me. First of, I’d like to thank Michi Lehning, for putting his trust in me and exploring a relatively new field together. I’ve learned a great deal from you over the years, thank you for allowing me the freedom to do things my way. The amazing Team Energy at EPFL: Annelen, Jerome and Stuart; you guys are the best. Slowly we will save the world! ;) Deep gratitude goes to Franziska Gerber and Varun Sharma for helping me with the WRF modeling described in the last chapter of this thesis. If it weren’t for your help and patient answers to my countless questions, I am sure that chapter would have looked very different. Similarly, I am grateful for Benoit Gherardi’s help with an initial WRF set-up. The great people at CRYOS in Lausanne have always welcomed me warmly. And although I only made very irregular appearences you all made me feel welcome and part of the team. -
Doing Business in Switzerland: 2014 Country Commercial Guide for U.S
Doing Business in Switzerland: 2014 Country Commercial Guide for U.S. Companies INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT, U.S. & FOREIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 2012. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. Chapter 1: Doing Business In Switzerland Chapter 2: Political and Economic Environment Chapter 3: Selling U.S. Products and Services Chapter 4: Leading Sectors for U.S. Export and Investment Chapter 5: Trade Regulations, Customs and Standards Chapter 6: Investment Climate Chapter 7: Trade and Project Financing Chapter 8: Business Travel Chapter 9: Contacts, Market Research and Trade Events 1 Chapter 1: Doing Business in Switzerland Market Overview Market Challenges Market Opportunities Market Entry Strategy Market Overview Return to top Switzerland’s population of 8 million is affluent and cosmopolitan GDP of about USD 631 billion; growth forecast of 2.2% for 2014 In 2013 total exports from the U.S. to Switzerland amounted to USD 27 billion. U.S.-Swiss trade generally stable despite financial and economic crisis; World-class infrastructure, business-friendly legal and regulatory environment Highly educated, reliable, and flexible work force Consumer and producer of high-quality, value-added industrial/consumer goods Manufacturing sector is highly automated and efficient Strong market demand for U.S. components and production systems Strong demand for high quality products with competitive prices Highest per capita IT spending in the world Multilingual/multicultural European test market and -
Community Environmental Advisory Commission
Community Environmental Advisory Commission AGENDA FOR REGULAR MEETING – THURSDAY APRIL 7TH 2011, 7:00 PM First Floor Conference Room, 2118 Milvia Street, Berkeley I. Call to Order and Roll Call II. Action Minutes Review/Adoption: Review and adopt minutes from the meeting of 3/3/11 III. CEAC Action Tracker: None IV. Report from the Chair: Elections; Subcommittees V. Comments from the Public (3 minute limit) VI. Agenda Prioritization: Commissioners may request to re-arrange agenda VII. Reports from Subcommittees and Task Force Delegates: None VIII. Toxics Management Division Report: Update on inspections, staffing, funding and enforcement (where possible) for the Certified Unified Program (CUPA) remediation and stormwater programs IX. Discussion/Action: 1. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Disclosure for cell phones – Council referral a) Council Item re Disclosure of Cell Phone Radiation Output, dated December 14, 2010 b) National Cancer Institute (NCI) statement from Dr. Preetha Rajaraman and Dr. Martha Linet, “International Study Shows No Increased Risk of Brain Tumors from Cell Phone Use” c) NCI fact sheet from Dr. Preetha Rajaraman and Dr. Martha Linet, “Cell Phones and Cancer Risk” d) Abstract Compilation from Dr. Preetha Rajaraman and Dr. Martha Linet e) Letter from Dr. Joel Moskowitz re health effects of cell phone radiation (March, 23, 2011) f) Article from Dr. Joel Moskowitz, “Government must inform us of cell phone risk” (April 28, 2010) g) Article from Dr. Joel Moskowitz, “Cell phones affect brain activity, study says – Study finds no evidence of tumors or other consequences for health” (February 23, 2011) Toxic Management Division – Planning and Development Department 2118 Milvia Street, Suite 300, Berkeley, California 94704 TEL: 510.981.7460 TDD: 510.981.6903 FAX: 510.981.7470 E-mail: [email protected] Community Environmental Advisory Commission Meeting of April 7, 2011 Page 2 of 3 h) PowerPoint presentation from Dr. -
The Mineral Industry of Switzerland in 2014
2014 Minerals Yearbook SWITZERLAND U.S. Department of the Interior December 2017 U.S. Geological Survey THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF SWITZERLAND By Sinan Hastorun Switzerland is a highly developed, landlocked, and $675.3 billion (CHF642.3 billion1) in 2014. The slightly higher mountainous country in Central Europe that borders the rate of growth was mainly owing to increased net exports and, European Union (EU) member states of Austria, France, to a lesser degree, increased domestic private consumption. Germany, and Italy as well as the Principality of Liechtenstein. The gross value added from manufacturing and construction Few mineral commodities were mined in the country although increased by 2.0% in 2014, compared with a revised increase more than 1,000 mineral deposits (in particular, iron ore of 1.0% in 2013. Within manufacturing and construction, and manganese ore) have been identified on Swiss territory. the value added from manufacturing increased by 2.4% Switzerland’s mineral output consisted almost exclusively of compared with an increase of 0.7% (revised) in 2013, and that industrial minerals for the construction sector, refined precious of construction increased by 2.1% compared with 2.0% in the metals, and refined mineral fuels. Industrial minerals that previous year. The mining and quarrying sector contracted were mined and used on a large scale by industry were clay, in 2014; its value decreased by 5.3% in 2014 compared with gypsum, lime, and rock salt. Hydraulic cement and sulfur (from an increase of 1.9% (revised) in 2013 (Federal Statistical petroleum refining) were also produced. Construction aggregates Office, 2015c, e, h, i; European Commission, 2015, p. -
Developing Deep Geothermal Resources in Switzerland
Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2010 Bali, Indonesia, 25-29 April 2010 Developing Deep Geothermal Resources in Switzerland Roland Wyss, Ladislaus Rybach Swiss Geothermal Association, Zuercherstrasse 105, CH-8500 Frauenfeld; Geowatt AG, Dohlenweg 28, CH-8050 Zuerich [email protected]; [email protected] Keywords: EGS systems, potential study, seismic risk, 2. GEOLOGICAL AN GEOTHERMAL OVERVIEW drilling locations 2.1 Geothermal Gradients and Heat Flow in Switzerland ABSTRACT Most of the population of Switzerland lives in the Swiss In the last three decades, continuous efforts in the Molasse Basin, a flat-lying area at 300–600 m altitude exploration of geothermal resources in Switzerland have located north of the up to 4000 m high Alpine range and been made. In the 1980’s and the 1990’s, geothermal south of the 1000–1500 m high Jura mountains, a folded projects with wells down to 2600 m were realized at several mountain belt. sites for space heating or balneological applications. The Swiss Molasse Basin consists of a crystalline basement According to several studies, the potential of deep containing old, permo-carbonifereous troughs and is geothermal exploitation (>3000 m) in Switzerland is very covered by a thick sedimentary sequence of Triassic to high. Due to relatively limited exploration activities, the Tertiary age. The surface is structured by the Quaternary database of the deep subsurface in Switzerland is small. glaciations and the subsequent alluvial and colluvial This implicates a relatively high risk for hydrothermal processes. projects. On the other hand, the EGS technology for petrothermal projects is not yet well developed. Furthermore, the current legal situation does not support efficient exploration, and the financial encouragement by the federal government is very limited. -
Renewable Energy Switzerland
Switzerland December, 2013 Switzerland Renewable energy incentive program This document may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without our prior written permission. Switzerland Country Renewable Energy Overview December, 2013 Country renewable energy - Summary Green energy diffusion in the Solar energy incentives program country • National overview • Solar energy (photovoltaic) • Feed-in-tariffs • Wind mills • Tax credits • Biomass, wastes, biogas. • Incentive scheme for renewables Wind mills energy incentives Biomass, biofuels, biogas energy, program incentives program • National overview • National overview • Feed-in-tariffs • Feed-in-tariffs Geothermal energy Hydroelectricity • National overview • National overview • Feed-in-tariffs • Feed-in-tariffs Switzerland Renewable energy production December, 2013 Renewable energy - Production Primary production of energy in 2010 Thanks to its topography and high levels of annual (in 1000 toe) 14,000 rainfall, Switzerland has ideal conditions for the 12,000 utilization of hydropower. Hydroelectric energy production is the leading renewable energy 10,000 source with 62.43% of national total electricity Coal 8,000 Renewables production. Nuclear 6,000 Natural gas The total installed renewable capacity (biomass Oil 4,000 + geothermal + hydroelectricity +solar +wind) in 2,000 Switzerland increased by 1.13% from 14,031 0 MW in 2010 to 14,189 MW in 2011, ranking on 17th position globally. Over the previous 5 years, Data Source: Eurostat the total installed renewable energy capacity has raised by 0.44% . China was the world leader for total installed renewable capacity in 2011 with 301,440 MW, or 21.24 times larger than Switzerland. The total installed renewable capacity in Switzerland in 2012 represented 69.5% of total installed energy capacity (all conventional + all renewable energy sources). -
NTP CELL PHONE RADIOFREQUENCY MEDIA TELEBRIEFING 05/27/16 12:00 Pm ET
05/27/16 12:00 pm ET Page 1 NTP CELL PHONE RADIOFREQUENCY MEDIA TELEBRIEFING 05/27/16 12:00 pm ET Operator: Good afternoon and welcome to today’s briefing from the National Toxicology Program about their cell phone studies. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Later, you will have the opportunity to ask questions during the question and answer session. You may register to ask a question at any time by pressing the star (*) and one (1) on your touchtone phone. Please note this call is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to turn today’s program over to Dr. John Bucher the Associate Director of the National Toxicology Program. John Bucher: Thank you. Hello and thank you for joining the call. I’m Dr. John Bucher. I’m the Associate Director of the U.S. National Toxicology Program. I’m joined today by Dr. Michael Wyde, toxicologist for the NTP Cell PhoneRadiofrequency RadiationStudies. The National Toxicology Program is an interagency program headquartered at the NationalInstitute of Environmental Health Sciences, which is part of the NationalInstitutes of Health. The Food and Drug Administration and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the CDC are also participating agencies in the NTP. One of our charges is to perform comprehensive toxicology studies on agents of public health concern. These are typically done in response to nominations to our program from a variety of sources. The FDA nominated radiofrequency radiation through our program for study. Today we posted a report of partial findings from studies on the 05/27/16 12:00 pm ET Page 2 potential for health effects from radiofrequency radiation. -
Life Cycle Assessment of Electricity Mixes According to the Energy Strategy 2050
13 | 20 04 Life Cycle Assessment of Electricity Mixes according to the Energy Strategy 2050 Schlussbericht Fachstelle Nachhaltiges Bauen IMPRESSUM Auftraggeberin: Stadt Zürich, Amt für Hochbauten, Fachstelle Nachhaltiges Bauen Amtshaus III, Lindenhofstrasse 21 8021 Zürich Bearbeitung: Franziska Wyss, Rolf Frischknecht (treeze Ltd. Uster) [email protected] Projektleitung: Dr. Heinrich Gugerli Fachstelle Nachhaltiges Bauen, Amt für Hochbauten Projektteam: Franziska Wyss, Rolf Frischknecht (treeze Ltd., Uster) Dr. Heinrich Gugerli (Stadt Zürich, AHB) Zürich, April 2013 Abbreviations and Glossary a annum (year) CCS Carbon Capture and Storage CED Cumulative Energy Demand CH Switzerland CO 2 Carbon dioxide GLO Global average GWP Global warming potential J Joule KBOB Swiss Federal Office for Construction and Logistics (Koordination der Bau- und Liegenschaftsorgane des Bundes) LCA life cycle assessment LCI life cycle inventory analysis LCIA life cycle impact assessment NEP scenario ‘new energy policies’ POM scenario ‘political measures’ RER Europe SIA Swiss society of engineers and architects TWh Terawatt hour UBP eco-points (German: Umweltbelastungspunkte) WWB Scenario ‚business as usual‘ Zusammenfassung i Zusammenfassung Im Jahr 2011 wurde in der Schweiz der Atomausstieg beschlossen. Im Rahmen einer nachhaltigen und „grünen“ Zukunftsgestaltung wurden verschiedene Möglichkeiten einer zukünftigen Energie- und Stromversorgung diskutiert. In diesem Zusammenhang entwickelte der Bundesrat die Energiestrategie 2050, in welcher drei unterschiedliche Szenarien für mögliche zukünftige Energie-Situationen aufgezeigt werden. Die Szenarien sind ‚Weiter wie bisher‘ (WWB), ‚Neue Energiepolitik‘ (NEP) und ‚Politische Massnahmen‘ (POM). Die Szenarien unterscheiden sich in den politischen Rahmenbedinungen, der Entwicklung der Stromnachfrage, den Produktionsvolumina und den Technologien, welche für die Stromgewinnung eingesetzt werden. Dieser Bericht untersucht die Umweltauswirkungen von drei schweizer Strommixen im Jahr 2050, gemäss den Szenarien der Energiestrategie 2050. -
Cell Phone Radiation and Health Recommendations
Cell Phone Radiation and Health Recommendations Joel M. Moskowitz, Ph.D., Director Center for Family and Community Health, School of Public Health University of California, Berkeley May 11, 2011 Cell phone radiation is harmful – keep a safe distance between your body and your cell phone. Although we do not yet have conclusive evidence, ample research demonstrates increased health risks, including increased risk of tumors of the brain and salivary gland after 10 years of cell phone use. There is also evidence of short-term health risks, for example, sperm damage. Based upon our review of the research, our primary recommendation has been to maintain a safe distance between your body and your cell phone whenever it is turned on. You are exposed to 100 times less radiation if you keep your phone ten inches from your body instead of an inch. Consumers need information about cell phone radiation, its harmful effects and ways to reduce risk. Consumers need to know the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and the typical amount of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) that cell phones emit. Although the SAR is not a perfect measure of exposure, consumers have a right to know a cell phone's SAR, which is a measure of the maximum radiation emitted, before they purchase a new phone. In addition, just like the Environmental Protection Agency requires car manufacturers to provide gas mileage ratings for typical city and highway driving, the Federal government should also require that cell phone manufacturers provide estimates of typical radiation exposure. Your cumulative exposure to cell phone radiation is related to how you use your phone, how much you use it, and your phone’s typical EMR output. -
Proposed FCC Changes to Measuring and Evaluating Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields and Wireless Power Tran
Proposed FCC changes to Measuring and Evaluating Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields and Wireless Power Transfer Devices are Flawed: need for biologically-based standards ( ET Docket No. 19–226; FCC 19–126; FRS 16618) 1* 2 3 4* Paul Ben Ishai , Mikko Ahonen , Hugo Gonçalves Silva and Devra Davis 1 D epartment of Physics, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700 Israel. 2 I nstitute of Environmental Health and Safety, Jaama 14-3, 11615, Tallinn, Estonia 3 D epartamento de Fisica, Universidade de Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal, 4 E nvironmental Health Trust, P.O. Box 58, Teton Village, WY 83025 * C orresponding Authors: [email protected], [email protected] 1 Table of Contents Executive Summary 4 Introduction 8 The FCC did not take a “hard look” that is “searching and careful” of the extensive materials submitted to this and related dockets. 11 The FCC claims that only thermal effects need be considered 11 Harmful non-thermal effects have been demonstrated at current levels of exposure 12 FCC ignores substantial peer-reviewed scientific evidence demonstrating harmful non-thermal effects at current levels of RF exposure 13 Conflicting Scientific Opinions and Analyses Manufacture Doubt 14 Internal Fields Ei and Wireless Power Transfer Potential Hazards 16 Internal Fields 16 Wireless Power Transfer 17 SAR Definition and Measurement and reliance on the Standardized Anthropomorphic Mannequin (SAM) 19 History of Exposure Testing, Guidelines, and Standard-Setting (adapted from Gandhi et al.,