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Rare Books Ijs The University of Sydney Copyright in relation to this thesis· RARE BOOKS IJS. Under the Copyright Act 1968 (several provision of which are referred to below), this thesis must be used only under the normal conditions of scholarty fair dealing for the purposes of research, criticism or review. In particular no results or conclusions should be extracted from it, nor should it be copied or closely paraphrased in whole or in part without the written consent of the author. Proper written acknowledgement should be made for any assisunce obtained from thiS thesis. Under Section 35(2) of the Copyright Act 1968 'the author of a literary. dramatic, musical or artistiC work is the owner of any copyright subSisting in the work'. By virtue of Section 32( I} copyright 'subsists in an original literary. dramatic. mUSical or artistic work that is unpublished' and of which the author was anAusu-aliiln citizen. an Australian protected person or a person resident in Australia. The Act. by Section 36( I) provides; 'Subject to this Act. the copyright in a literary, dramatic. musical or artistic work is infringed by a person who. not being the owner of the copyright and Without the licence of the owner of the copyright. does In Australia. or authOrises the do 109 in Australia of, any act comprised In the copyright'. Section 3 I (I )(a)(i) provides that copyright includes the exclusive right to'reproduce the work in a material form'.Thus.copynght is infringed by it person who. not being the owner of the copyright. reproduces or authorises the reproduction of a work. or of more than a reasonable part of the work, in a material form. unless the reproduction is a 'fair dealing' with the work 'for the purpose of research or study' as further defined In Sections -40 and -41 of the Act. Section 51 (2) provides that 'Where a manuscript. or it copy, of a theSIS or other similar literary work that hu not been published IS kept in a library of a university or other similar institution or in an archives. the copyright in the thesis or other work is not infringed by the making of a copy of the thesis or other work by or on behalf -of the officer in charge of the library or archives if the copy is supplied to a person who satisfies an authOrized officer of the library or archives that he requires the copy for the pu rpose of research or study', ·Thesis' includes 'treatise', disserution' and other simililr productions , TOBACCO INDUSTRY COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES An Australian analysis of internal tobacco industry documents and other sources Stacy M Carter University of Sydney 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... viii PREFACE .......................................................................................................................... ix Sources of information ................................................................................................ ix Ethics approval ........................................................................................................... ix Use made of the work of others and original work ...................................................... ix Publication details ....................................................................................................... ix Acronyms ....................................................................................................................xi Acknowledgements .................................................................................................... xii SECTION ONE: BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION AND ORIENTATION .................................................... 1 THE AREA OF STUDY AND ITS RELEVANCE .............................................................. 1 THE AUSTRALIAN TOBACCO MANUFACTURING AND MARKETING INDUSTRY ..... 4 The tobacco market in Australia .................................................................................. 4 Tobacco corporations in Australia ............................................................................... 4 STRUCTURE: THE SECTIONS OF THIS PHD AND HOW THEY FIT TOGETHER ...... 8 Section One ................................................................................................................ 8 Section Two ................................................................................................................ 8 Section Three ............................................................................................................ 10 Section Four. ............................................................................................................. 13 Section Five .............................................................................................................. 14 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 15 CHAPTER TWO TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS, COMMUNICATION AND PUBLIC HEALTH .............................................................................................................. 18 BACKGROUND: UNDERSTANDING TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS ............... 18 Defining the TNC ...................................................................................................... 18 Benefits of economic globalisation for TNCs ............................................................. 19 Globalisation, TNCs and nation-states ...................................................................... 19 TN Cs, public health and ideology ............................................................................. 22 TNC COMMUNICATION AND PUBLIC HEALTH .......................................................... 23 TNC marketing and public health .............................................................................. 23 TNC corporate affairs strategies and public health ................................................... 24 Campaigns overtly promoting TNC interests ........................................................ 24 Campaigns covertly promoting TNC interests ....................................................... 25 Third party strategy: speaking through other organisations .............................. 25 Funding research to create favourable information .......................................... 25 Funding research to contribute to a corporations' brand .................................. 27 Covert communication with regulators and governments ................................. 27 DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................ 28 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 29 CHAPTER THREE METHODS USED IN THIS PHD ........................................................ 38 CHAPTERS NOT BASED ON TOBACCO DOCUMENTS ............................................ 39 Chapter Two Corporations, globalization and public health ...................................... 39 Chapter 13 A review of tobacco document research reporting, with reflections on the practice of tobacco document research .................................................................... 40 CHAPTERS BASED ON TOBACCO DOCUMENTS ONLy .......................................... 42 Overall sources ......................................................................................................... 42 Overall search strategies .......................................................................................... 43 Overall analysis strategies ........................................................................................ 45 Chapter Four Cooperation and control: the Tobacco Institute of Australia ................ 47 Chapter Five Smoking, disease and obdurate denial: the Australian tobacco industry in the 1980s .............................................................................................................. 47 Chapter Six The TIA's "active smoking media statement" ......................................... 48 Chapter Seven From legitimate consumers to public relations pawns: the tobacco industry and young Australians ................................................................................. 48 Chapter Eight Mongoven, Biscoe and Duchin: destroying tobacco control from the inside ......................................................................................................................... 49 CHAPTERS COMBINING INDUSTRY DOCUMENTS WITH OTHER SOURCES ........ 49 Chapters Nine to Eleven ........................................................................................... 49 LIMITATIONS ................................................................................................................ 53 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 54 SECTION TWO: TOBACCO CORPORATE AFFAIRS CHAPTER FOUR COOPERATION AND CONTROL: THE TOBACCO INSTITUTE OF AUSTRALIA ...................................................................................................................... 56 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 56 RESUL TS ...................................................................................................................... 57 Four seasons: an organizational history of the TIA ..................................................
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