Dott. Roberto Rattu Coordinatore Dottorato Prof.Ssa Cristina Lavi

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Dott. Roberto Rattu Coordinatore Dottorato Prof.Ssa Cristina Lavi Università degli Studi di Cagliari DOTTORATO DI RICERCA in Studi filologici e letterari Ciclo XXVIII REPERTORIO PLURILINGUE E VARIAZIONE LINGUISTICA A CAGLIARI: I QUARTIERI DI CASTELLO, MARINA, VILLANOVA, STAMPACE, BONARIA E MONTE URPINU Settore/i scientifico disciplinari di afferenza L-FIL-LET/09 Presentata da: dott. Roberto Rattu Coordinatore Dottorato prof.ssa Cristina Lavinio Tutor prof. Maurizio Virdis Esame finale anno accademico 2015 – 2016 Tesi discussa nella sessione d’esame marzo – aprile 2017 1 Indice 1. Introduzione............................................................................................................................pag. 5 2. La sociolinguistica dell'urbanizzazione: problematizzazione.....................................................7 2.1. La contro-urbanizzazione.......................................................................................................14 2.2. Il contatto................................................................................................................................17 3. Aspetti del campionamento in sociolinguistica: metodi e problemi.........................................23 3.1. Convenience sampling............................................................................................................26 3.2. Campionamento casuale (random).........................................................................................26 3.3. Campionamenti di tipo jugdment...........................................................................................30 3.4. Problemi della stratificazione del campione: la variabile classe sociale, genere ed età.........36 3.4.1. La classe sociale..................................................................................................................36 3.4.2. Il genere...............................................................................................................................51 3.4.3. L'età.....................................................................................................................................70 4. Cagliari plurilingue: suddistinzione in quartieri e linee guida del campionamento..............76 4.1. La suddivisione in quartieri: aspetti teorici e di metodo.........................................................76 4.2. Sociolinguistica urbana e quartieri: alcuni esempi.................................................................78 4.3. Cagliari: suddivisione e selezione dei quartieri......................................................................91 4.4. Mutamenti sociali ed edilizi seguenti al secondo dopoguerra................................................92 4.5. Principali differenze socio-demografiche tra i quartieri di Cagliari.......................................96 4.5.1. Calo demografico: età media e rapporto di mascolinità/femminilità..................................97 4.5.2. Istruzione...........................................................................................................................101 4.5.3. Lavoro, condizione sociale e abitativa...............................................................................103 4.5.4. Tipologia delle famiglie.....................................................................................................104 4.5.5. La componente immigrata extracomunitaria “regolare”...................................................104 4.6. Trasformazione degli assetti demografici e della struttura insediativa: aspetti sociolinguistici nei quartieri storici di Cagliari..........................................................................................................105 4.7. Conseguenze linguistiche dell’inurbamento e delle migrazioni interne...............................107 4.8. La scelta dei quartieri: principali tratti differenziali.............................................................112 4.9. Classi di età significative......................................................................................................118 4.10. Consistenza numerica del campione...................................................................................124 5. Metodologia di indagine: il questionario, la ricerca e la selezione degli informatori...........125 5.1. La ricerca e la selezione degli informatori............................................................................125 2 5.2. Metodologia di indagine: i questionari.................................................................................128 5.3. La struttura del questionario.................................................................................................133 5.3.1. Compilazione long-distance vs. face to face.....................................................................133 5.3.2. Il questionario utilizzato nel presente lavoro (face to face) e le prove test.......................137 5.4. Registrazione e trascrizione dei dati.....................................................................................139 5.5. Il questionario macro: architettura, obiettivi e problemi......................................................140 5.6. Il questionario micro: architettura, obiettivi e problemi.......................................................142 5.6.1. La selezione delle variabili linguistiche.............................................................................143 5.6.2. Il sardo a Cagliari: variabili selezionate............................................................................148 5.7. Problemi della raccolta sul campo dei dati linguistici..........................................................150 5.7.1. La conduzione dell’inchiesta: rappresentatività e affidabilità dei dati linguistici in ambito urbano...............................................................................................................................................151 5.7.2. I contesti di inchiesta e le caratteristiche emotive degli informatori.................................159 5.7.3. L’intervista sociolinguistica...............................................................................................170 5.7.4. Il questionario basato sulla traduzione...............................................................................175 5.7.5. La lingua di contatto..........................................................................................................177 6. I dati micro: fenomeni linguistici esaminati.............................................................................181 6.1. La rappresentazione grafica.......................................................................................................181 6.2. Chiarezza grafica.......................................................................................................................181 6.3. Il sardo a Cagliari. Alcune correlazioni: la sezione 'macro'.......................................................183 6.4. Il sardo a Cagliari. Alcune correlazioni: la sezione 'micro'.......................................................211 6.4.1. Punteggio ottenuto e variabili età, genere, luogo di nascita e titolo di studio: alcuni aspetti.....................................................................................................................................212 6.5. Il sardo a Cagliari: alcune variabili fonetiche...........................................................................246 6.5.1. La rotacizzazione (in corpo di parola)....................................................................................246 6.5.2. La rotacizzazione (in fonetica sintattica)................................................................................254 6.5.3. Altri tratti fonetici: labializzazione di a atona, trattamento del nesso r + cons, trattamento di -N- e -L-............................................................................................................................................256 6.6. Il sardo a Cagliari: alcune variabili lessicali..............................................................................275 6.6.1. Gli appellativi 'tetto', 'riva', 'settimana'...................................................................................280 6.6.2. Gli appellativi 'culla', 'pallida', 'ottone'...................................................................................283 6.6.3. L'appellativo 'pugno'...............................................................................................................286 6.6.4. Variabili lessicali: la caratterizzazione dei quartieri...............................................................287 6.7. Il sardo a Cagliari: alcune variabili morfologiche: gli antichi neutri in -s d’origine latina 3 (tempus, corpus, frius)......................................................................................................................288 6.7.1. Il singolare collettivo..............................................................................................................301 7. Conclusioni..................................................................................................................................312 8. Appendice - Il questionario 'macro' e 'micro' (test linguistici per gli informatori locali)................................................................................................................................................320 Bibliografia......................................................................................................................................333 4 1.
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