Factors Influencing the Development of Local Renewable Energy Strategies: the Cases of Lolland and Samsø Islands in Denmark
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
LUMES Masters Thesis Date: June 2008 Factors Influencing the Development of Local Renewable Energy Strategies: The cases of Lolland and Samsø Islands in Denmark Carlos Eduardo Torres Silva Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Ransom Lekunze LUMES, Lund University Masters of Science Degree: Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies Lund, Sweden, May 2008 Thesis for the fulfilment of the Lund University’s Masters of Environmental Studies and Sustainability Science Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................. 2 ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................................. 4 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND................................................................................................................. 5 1.1 CLIMATE CHANGE..................................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1.1 International Participation – Kyoto Protocol.................................................................................... 6 1.2 RENEWABLE ENERGY................................................................................................................................................ 6 1.3 THE PROBLEM ........................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.4 PURPOSE OF THE PAPER ............................................................................................................................................. 7 1.5 METHODOLOGY......................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS .......................................................................................................................................... 9 2. BACKGROUND......................................................................................................................................................... 10 2.1 MAIN ACTORS......................................................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 LOCAL MATRIX OF ACTORS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY............................................................................................. 12 2.3 RENEWABLE ENERGY BARRIERS............................................................................................................................. 13 2.4 SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY ...................................................................................................... 14 2.4.1 Socio-Political Acceptance............................................................................................................. 15 2.4.2 Community Acceptance ................................................................................................................. 15 2.4.3 Market Acceptance......................................................................................................................... 15 2.5 POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF RE ADOPTION .................................................................................................................. 16 2.6 SUMMARY OF LITERATURE FINDINGS ...................................................................................................................... 16 3. RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICIES ...................................................................................................................... 17 3.1 GLOBAL POLITICS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY ........................................................................................................... 17 3.2 REGIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY – EUROPEAN UNION............................................................................... 18 3.3. DENMARK AND RENEWABLE ENERGY.................................................................................................................... 19 3.3.1 Danish Approach towards RE ........................................................................................................ 19 3.3.2 KEY ELEMENTS IN THE DANISH ENERGY PLAN.................................................................................................... 20 3.3.3 DANISH SUPPORT FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ITS PENETRATION................................................................... 21 3.3.4 DENMARK AND THE KYOTO PROTOCOL ............................................................................................................... 22 4. FINDINGS AND IMPLICATIONS: LOLLAND AND SAMSØ ISLANDS ......................................................... 23 4.1 LOLLAND ISLAND.................................................................................................................................................... 23 4.1.1 Employment and Industry .............................................................................................................. 24 4.1.2 Phase 1: Renewable Energy Strategies in Lolland ......................................................................... 24 4.1.3 Actual Situation of Renewable Energy in Lolland......................................................................... 24 4.1.4 Phase 2: Renewable Energy Strategies in Lolland ......................................................................... 26 4.1.5 Main Actors in Lolland .................................................................................................................. 28 4.1.6 Driving forces for the development of Renewable Energy ............................................................ 30 4.1.7 Benefits of Lollan’s Strategies of Developing Renewable Energy ................................................ 31 4.1.8 Renewable Energy Challenges in Lolland...................................................................................... 32 4.2 SAMSØ ISLAND........................................................................................................................................................ 35 4.2.1 Employment and Industry .............................................................................................................. 35 4.2.2 Renewable Energy Strategies in Samsø ......................................................................................... 36 4.2.3 Actual Situation of Renewable Energy in Samsø........................................................................... 38 4.2.4 Main Actors in Samsø .................................................................................................................... 39 4.2.5 Driving forces for the Development of Renewable Energy ........................................................... 40 4.2.6 Benefits of Samsø’s Strategy for Developing Renewable Energy ................................................. 40 4.2.7 Renewable Energy Challenges ....................................................................................................... 41 4.3 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................................... 41 2 5. DISCUSSION.............................................................................................................................................................. 41 5.1 NATIONAL FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RE.............................................................................................. 42 5.2 LOCAL FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RE .................................................................................................... 43 5.2.1 Political Support ............................................................................................................................. 43 5.2.2 Local Economic Resources ............................................................................................................ 44 5.2.3 Inclusion of the Community........................................................................................................... 45 5.2.4 Networks........................................................................................................................................ 45 5.3 BENEFITS OBTAINED BY THE RE DEVELOPMENT AT THE LOCAL LEVEL ................................................................... 46 5.4 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................................................................. 46 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................................... 49 APPENDIX I – LIST OF INTERVIEWEES ............................................................................................................... 51 APPENDIX II – QUESTIONS LOLLAND MUNICIPALITY & BASS................................................................... 52 APPENDIX III – QUESTIONS GRØN CENTER LOLLAND.................................................................................. 54 APPENDIX IV - QUESTIONS TO THE COMMUNITY .........................................................................................