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Life After Shrinkage

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Life After Shrinkage LIFE AFTER SHRINKAGE CASE STUDIES: LOLLAND AND BORNHOLM José Antonio Dominguez Alcaide MSc. Land Management 4th Semester February – June 2016 Study program and semester: MSc. Land Management – 4th semester Aalborg University Copenhagen Project title: Life after shrinkage – Case studies: Lolland and Bornholm A.C. Meyers Vænge 15 2450 Copenhagen SV Project period: February – June 2016 Secretary: Trine Kort Lauridsen Tel: 9940 3044 Author: E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Shrinkage phenomenon, its dynamics and strategies to José Antonio Dominguez Alcaide counter the decline performed by diverse stakeholders, Study nº: 20142192 are investigated in order to define the dimensions and the scope carried out in the places where this negative transformation is undergoing. The complexity of this process and the different types of decline entail a study in Supervisor: Daniel Galland different levels from the European to national (Denmark) and finally to a local level. Thus, two Danish municipalities Pages 122 (Lolland and Bornholm) are chosen as representatives to Appendix 6 contextualize this inquiry and consequently, achieve more accurate data to understand the causes and consequences of the decline as well as their local strategies to survive to this changes. 2 Preface This Master thesis called “Life after shrinkage - Case studies: Lolland and Bornholm” is conducted in the 4th semester of the study program Land Management at the department of Architecture, Design and Planning (Aalborg University) in Copenhagen in the period from February to June 2016. The style of references used in this thesis will be stated according to the Chicago Reference System. The references are represented through the last name of the author and the year of publication and if there are more than one author, the quote will have et al. after the first who is named in the data base. In the figures, the source will be followed with the name of the page in which it has been taken. If a reference is stated in the end or in the middle of a sentence, it only refers to the sentence. If a reference is stated after a sentence, the reference covers the whole paragraph. The quotes in the project are indicated in quotation marks and italics. The interviews and the schema of the thesis are in the Appendixes. 3 Acknowledgments I would like to thank my supervisor, Daniel Galland, for his guidance, advices and feedback throughout the whole process. Two interviews have been conducted and I will thank Jørgen Nielsen and Rune Holm for their time and sharing with me the needed information to complete this investigation. Endless thank to my wife and two daughters for the understanding and patience in the stress moments and to my parents for their support in the distance. 4 Table of contents PREFACE ........................................................................................................................................................................ 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................................................................. 4 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................... 7 2. RESEARCH PROBLEM FORMULATION ................................................................................................................ 8 2.1 RESEARCH DESIGN ............................................................................................................................................. 8 2.2 MAIN RESEARCH QUESTION ................................................................................................................................ 9 2.3 RESEARCH SUB-QUESTIONS .............................................................................................................................. 10 3. METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................................................. 12 3.1 METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH ........................................................................................................................... 13 3.1.1 Interpretation: Hermeneutics phenomenology ....................................................................................... 13 3.2 METHODS AND SOURCES OF EVIDENCES ............................................................................................................. 16 3.2.1 Mixed method approach .......................................................................................................................... 17 3.2.2 Quantitative research .............................................................................................................................. 17 3.2.3 Qualitative research ................................................................................................................................. 18 3.3 RATIONALE BEHIND THE CHOSEN CASE STUDIES ................................................................................................... 19 3.4 EVALUATION OF SOURCES APPLIED TO THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS........................................................................... 21 4. THEORETICAL REVIEW ....................................................................................................................................... 24 4.1 THE CONCEPTION OF SHRINKAGE ....................................................................................................................... 24 4.2 CAUSES OF SHRINKAGE .................................................................................................................................... 26 4.2.1 Economic transformation ....................................................................................................................... 26 4.2.2 Spatial changes ........................................................................................................................................27 4.2.3 Demographic change .............................................................................................................................. 28 4.2.4 Political transformation .......................................................................................................................... 28 4.2.5 Other causes ............................................................................................................................................ 28 4.3 CONSEQUENCES OF SHRINKAGE......................................................................................................................... 29 4.3.1 Physical infrastructure and the local economy ....................................................................................... 29 4.3.2 Social capital ........................................................................................................................................... 30 4.3.3 Image of the place .................................................................................................................................... 31 4.4 APPROACHES AND STRATEGIES FOR COPING SHRINKAGE ........................................................................................ 31 4.4.1 Facing shrinkage...................................................................................................................................... 32 4.5 ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE SHRINKAGE CONCEPTUALIZATION .................................................................... 33 5. SHRINKAGE IN A DANISH CONTEXT.................................................................................................................. 36 5.1 POPULATION SIZE ............................................................................................................................................ 38 5.2 RURAL AND URBAN AREAS ............................................................................................................................... 39 5.3 POPULATION AGE ............................................................................................................................................ 39 5.4 OTHER DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS ......................................................................................................................... 40 5.5 THE DANISH PERIPHERY ................................................................................................................................... 43 5.6 STRATEGIES AND NETWORKS ............................................................................................................................ 49 5.6.1 National level ........................................................................................................................................... 50 5.6.2 Regional level .......................................................................................................................................... 50 5.6.3 Local level ................................................................................................................................................ 53 5 5.7 PARTNERSHIPS FOR COMMON COOPERATION ...................................................................................................... 54 6. CASE STUDIES ..................................................................................................................................................... 59 6.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................................
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