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Report for the Peninsula Chapter Event on Wednesday, April 16, 2014 “Meet the International Press: Balancing Journalism in Developing Regions”

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Report for the Peninsula Chapter Event on Wednesday, April 16, 2014 “Meet the International Press: Balancing Journalism in Developing Regions” FROM: Ralph A. Kuiper, Chairperson Peninsula Chapter World Affairs Council of Northern California SUBJECT: Report for the Peninsula Chapter Event on Wednesday, April 16, 2014 “Meet the International Press: Balancing Journalism in Developing Regions” Speakers: Tayyeb Afridi, Radio Development Manager, Internews (Peshawar, Pakistan) Aela Callan, Freelance Correspondent (Yangon, Myanmar) Amie Ferris-Rotman, Senior Correspondent, Thomson Reuters (Kabul, Afghanistan) Overview and Key Points This event continued the Peninsula Chapter’s annual tradition of inviting a panel of international journalists from the Stanford University John S. Knight (JSK) Fellows Program to share their cultural and regional perspectives and to discuss their research and focus areas. This year’s panelists included Tayyeb Afridi, Radio Development Manager, Internews (Peshawar, Pakistan), Aela Callan, Freelance Correspondent (Yangon, Myanmar), and Amie Ferris-Rotman, Senior Correspondent, Reuters (Kabul, Afghanistan) and Bureau Chief in Moscow. The JSK Program includes 10 international and 10 U.S. journalists who are selected through a rigorous process and who sharpen their skills and develop projects to improve the quality and delivery of news and information reaching their communities. The past few years have seen global political and economic adjustments in countries or regions in development or in which there was great unrest. Providing balanced journalism and communications in these regions is a major challenge. In some cases advanced technical means affords possibilities for advancing these objectives. The three journalists described the challenges and opportunities that they faced in investigating, reporting and communicating in the tribal areas in Pakistan, the emerging political environment in Myanmar, and in Kabul as the American presence diminishes. The three journalists from the Knight Fellows Program gave insightful perspectives of the challenges of providing balanced journalism in regions where there are competing forces and unsettled political conditions. Their narratives were of striving for inclusiveness and openness in the countries where they have been reporting. Their major efforts are focused on: 1. Exploiting mobile devices and training new reporters to investigate and deliver local news to the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan 2. Developing social media tools in Myanmar to counter the hate speech that is helping to incite and foster the violence against the minority Muslim communities 3. And training women journalists and creating a sustainable environment for them so that they can help inform the Afghan citizens on matters of importance to women and to improve the society in Afghanistan Tayyeb Afridi Tayyeb Afridi grew up in Pakistan’s Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). After studying journalism at the University of Peshawar, he worked as a reporter on local radio and print media. He became a producer for Radio Khyber, which broadcasts in the Khyber Pass region. His broadcasts were the first radio bulletins of local news and they continued for two years despite the dangers from militants in the area. Two years ago he joined Internetnews Network, an international Media development agency, to organize training courses for local radio stations. He founded Tribal News Network (TNN) a news agency that empowers citizens in Northwestern Pakistan by broadcasting balanced local news coverage for the tribal areas and Khyber Puchtunkhwa on radio, on-line and through mobile platforms, http://radiotnn.com/. His challenge at Stanford is to develop a news agency system, rooted in mobile technology to provide news over all of Pakistan’s tribal areas. Tayyeb stated in a brief history of the FATA that these areas evolved from the conflict with the British occupation and conflict that ended in 1947. The territories are governed by Pakistan’s federal government that imposes the leftover British laws established in 1901. These authoritarian laws were imposed in India to control the populations with no protection of human rights, no free press, no court system, and with collective punishment. About 3.4 M people, mostly Muslims occupy the FATA. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federally_Administered_Tribal_Areas) Tayyeb noted that there is no local media news and that what news there is comes from the central Pakistan government. When he began working for an English newspaper everyone spoke Pashtun, which was also spoken in the area across the boarder in Afghanistan. He noted that in 2006 the militants used pirate radios and loudspeakers to disseminate the assertion that the “government was lying and US troops are killing Afghanistan people.” To combat this propaganda the government thought it should have a radio station and Tayyeb was selected to be a producer. The station was to have entertainment music and recitations, basically like preaching, to do the same as the militants and bring the audiences back to the stations. Taking advantage of this, Tayyeb tried to introduce journalistic news programming to educate the people about local news. He went further and mediated with Internews that was working in Pakistan to create a “news bulletin” with an emphasis on local news. He began including and training local reporters from Settled Areas. They broadcast stories about mosquito nets for pregnant women that had gone astray and about faulty bridge construction after which the contractor tried to bribe a reporter who wanted comments from the contractor. Tayyeb found that slowly they were competing with the British media, but the militants listened to them more frequently because they were more balanced. However, they also developed problems with the militants, especially with respect to conflicts between the government bosses and the station management. This reached a critical point when in 2008 the Pakistani government bombed a group of transient civilians who were traveling between their summer and winter houses. About 60 people were killed in the attack and the government claimed that they were terrorists. When the reporters went to the hospital to interview the remaining victims they found that they were women and children, not terrorists. After the truth was reported the security forces apologized and the victims were compensated, all because of Radio Khyber. Unfortunately, Tayyeb was brought in for interrogation and was told it was not his position to tell the officer about right and wrong and he was sent off to learn how to become a good government employee. After 7 months Tayyeb was allowed to return and to restart the station. This time he introduced Mobile phones into the media chain to disseminate the news more widely and to take advantage of the growing mobile phone usage. He noted that printed media is not as effective as radio as a communication tool because the literacy rate is low. The Tribal News Network station now employes 40 people including female reporters, producers, and editors. They receive funding from an Amsterdam based grant. Tayyeb is grateful that the Stanford program came along, as it will help him to strengthen the program that he helped to create. Aela Callan Aela Callan is one of the first foreign journalists to live and work in Myanmar since the country’s political opening and hopes to help the country’s newly free media navigate the digital age. She began her career in radio and television in her home country of Australia where she received a Walkley Award for Journalism excellence for uncovering a political scandal. While freelancing in South East Asia she covered issues from Myanmar’s transition to democracy to Japan’s earthquake, tsunami and nuclear crisis. She produced acclaimed documentaries on Myanmar for Al Jazeera’s 101 East program and for “It’s a Man’s World” about gang attacks on women in South Asian countries (http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/101east/2013/03/201335205155725918.html.) She was a finalist in the 2013 New York Festival International Film and Television Awards for “The People Smugglers,” shot in Indonesia. Her challenge at Stanford is to develop tools for social media to counteract the hate-speech and reduce the ethnic violence in Myanmar. (I want to highly recommend visiting her web site to watch a video she produced that discusses the ethnic violence in Myanmar, http://www.aelacallan.com/) Aela noted that Myanmar and Burma have the same meaning and that they refer to the ethnic group living mainly in the center of the county. The British preferred Burma because it is easier to pronounce, as are the names of some cities and other landmarks in the country. In 1989 the military government changed the name to separate it from the colonial connections. The U.S. and Aung San Suu Kyi (ASSK) still use Burma. All signage and public references use Myanmar. Aela found herself in Myanmar when she decided that the news stories in her home country were not “big enough.” She first went to Beijing as a freelance TV correspondent and covered the Olympics. She was then on to Hong Kong working for Al Jazeera English and to Bangkok at the start of 2009 when the Red and Yellow Shirts were in conflict. The colors designated rival factions protesting against what they believed to be an oppressive government, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9310_Thai_political_crisis. While in Thailand, Aela she began observing rebel crossings at the Myanmar border. There she heard stories of suppression and hardships in Myanmar. She obtained tourist visas to travel to Yangon (Rangoon) with a fellow reporter and moved through Myanmar, documenting the oppression but also finding inspirational narratives about teenagers who were learning about civil societies and who wanted to engage with the military to effect change. The young people circumvented restrictions on Internet access and brought in western ideas. Aela was constantly aware of the Bangkok Special Branch of the police who followed tourists suspected of being spies. In the 2010 elections the Myanmar military dictator, Than Shwe, handed over power to the parliament and to a hand picked appointed President, Thein Sein.
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