ANNUAL REPORT 2014 57

Mrs Parashy, Theresienstadt camp, July 1943. Drawing from the Because there is no Ladder to Heaven. Drawings by Arthur Goldschmidt in the Theresienstadt camp (éditions Créaphis, 2015). Arthur Goldschmidt’s drawings were displayed in an exhibition in the CHRD, in Lyon in 2015. 1

Memory and commitment

Seventy years ago, the world discovered the horror of the camps and the enormity of the crimes committed by the Nazis. The specific nature of the fate of , their systematic and organized extermination, was only gradually recognized starting in the 1960s. Survivors, witnesses, historians, politicians and members of the judiciary all contributed to writing this history, putting words to the abyss and transcending the shock in the face of the scope and nature of this senseless crime. Yet knowledge of the history of the Shoah has unfortunately not prevented other mass crimes. In 2014, we commemorated the 20th anniversary of the Rwanda genocide of the Tutsi. The underlying racist ideology, the shameful inaction of governments, the inability to assess at that time the nature of this extermination effort, even though early signs presaged the worst, even the historical revisionism that still exists to this day, are all aspects of the savage cycle that are still painful reminders of the Shoah. Far from any notion of “competing memories,” the study of genocides and crimes against humanity compels us to think about the inner workings of hate, inspires us to cast a clearheaded and thoughtful look at the present day and urges us toward civic participation, so that “never again” are not just empty words. This is what has led us to intensify our efforts in the fight against anti- Semitism. Given the alarming rise in a murderous ideology, we must redouble our efforts to transmit history and battle dangerous prejudices, in schools and on the Internet. We would like to pursue this fundamental work with strength and determination. As shown by the international survey we conducted in partnership with the Foundation for Political Innovation, a very large majority of young people upholds the values of tolerance. They consider that it is essential to know history in order to avoid repeating the errors of their elders and to learn to respect those who are different than we are. For them, school is the most efficient place for this to happen. With them, all together, we want to keep this memory alive so that the lessons of the past can help us in our struggles for all people, today and in the future.

David de Rothschild, President of the Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah 2

Fighting with weapons of the mind

In late 2014, the Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah’s Board of Directors decided to create an ad hoc committee dedicated to fighting against anti-Semitism and to facilitating intercultural dialogue. Endowed with a substantial budget, this committee examines innovative projects geared toward battling anti-Semitism in all its forms. It also supports initiatives working to foster closer links among the different cultural families that form French society. In conjunction with public authorities, the Foundation would like to significantly intensify its support for all those involved in combatting anti-Semitism, to confront a phenomenon whose virulence and violence are extremely alarming. Faced with an intolerance that is based on ignorance, our Foundation will respond with its own weapons, which are weapons of the mind. We will pursue our educational work and will continue to promote knowledge of Jewish history and culture, in schools and beyond. We are taking on this new period with even greater commitment, professionalism and intellectual rigor, as we do not want fanaticism to have the last word. I would like to thank all the members of the FMS, volunteers and staff, who implement these principles day after day in the various areas in which our Foundation works. The year 2014 was the 20th anniversary of the Rwanda genocide of the Tutsi, while early 2015 was marked by the commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the opening of the Auschwitz-Birkenau camp and the 100th year since the genocide of the Armenians. We will therefore not forget that hateful words and deeds, if they are not stopped, can engender catastrophes.

Philippe Allouche, Executive Director of the Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah 3 The Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah

The Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah was created in 2000 in recognition of the French government’s responsibility in the Shoah.

The FMS is a private and public-interest foundation. The initial endowment of €393 million came from the restitution by the government and certain financial institutions of dormant accounts from expropriated Jews living in who were killed during .

With the funds generated by this endowment, the Foundation subsidizes the Shoah Memorial (in and in ); supports projects expanding knowledge about the Shoah; provides assistance to survivors in need; encourages the transmission of Jewish culture; and combats anti-Semitism by facilitating intercultural dialogue.

3 4 Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah

Almost 3,000 projects financed

Since its creation, the Foundation The Financial Committee, chaired by for the Memory of the Shoah has a magistrate from the French Court financed almost 3,000 projects. of Auditors, ensures the preservation of the endowment and monitors the All projects submitted to the use of funds. Foundation are evaluated independently, then examined by six thematic committees (Solidarity, History of anti-Semitism and the Shoah, Memory and Transmission, Support, listening, guidance

Shoah Education, Jewish Culture and › Combating anti-Semitism and Support for Intercultural Dialogue) Examination of the project › made up of volunteer experts. Independent expertise Projects recommended by the › committees are submitted to the Committee’s opinion

Foundation’s Executive Board and › the Board of Directors, which Decision to allocate funds

determine which projects will be › supported as well as the assistance to be provided. Project follow-up and assessment

Number of projects handled by the Foundation Projets acceptés Projets refusés ou sans suite Projets acceptés

ProjectsProjets acceptésaccepted ProjectsProjets refusés rejected ou or sans not suitefollowed up Projets refusés ou sans suite

243 232 252

85 69 105

2012: 328 2013: 301 2014: 357 243 232 252 243 232 252

85 69 105 85 69 105 8 3088 3088 543 308 543 543 243243243 euroseuroseuros projetsprojetsprojets

5

€24 million allocated9 9409 in9409 044 940 0442014 044 243243243 euroseuroseuros projetsprojetsprojets

More than €14 million went to 252 projects in 2014, representing 57 percent of the Foundation’s Created on an initiative from the funding budget (see details on pp. 6 Foundation, the Shoah Memorial in and 7). Drancy was inaugurated in September 2012. The Foundation The Foundation is the primary source fully finances the investment and 8 308 543 of funding for the8 308Shoah243 543 Memorial. operations243 for this site, which is run 8 308 543 243 euros It covers roughly two-thirdsprojetseuros of its by theprojets Shoah Memorial staff. euros projets operating and investment budget. In addition, the Foundation pursues a In 2014, this represented almost policy of keeping operating costs €7 million. Additional financing was under control; these represent less provided for specific projects such as than 10 percent of its total budget, cataloguing and digitizing the the same amount as in previous 7,211,6207,211,6207,211,620 7,1007,100,7000,100,000 ,000 12,679,09012,679,09012,679,090 Memorial’s archives35 % and for the years.46 % 56 %56 56% % 359 %94035 % 044 8,3088,3088,543,308,543 ,543 9 46940 %46 044 %243 6,783,5166,783,516243 9 940 044 13,518,37113,518,371program13,518,371 of school trips243 to 6,783,516 euros 54%54%54% euros 30 %30 30% % euros 65Auschwitz. %65 65% % projets projets projets 3,243,2283,243,2283,243,228 14 %14 14% %

Evolution in the Foundation’s funding

SubsidiesSubsidiesSubsidies ShoahShoahShoah Memorial Memorial Memorial in Parisin inParis Paris ShoahShoahShoah Memorial Memorial Memorial in Drancyin inDrancy Drancy forfor projectsfor projects projects (operation(operation(operation and and investments) and investments) investments)(operation(operation(operation and and investments) and investments) investments)

12,679,090 13,911,841 7,211,620 7,211,6207,100,000 9,940,04477 ,100211 ,000620 7 100 000 53% 56 % 57% 35% 3546% % 8,308,543 3546 % % 8 308 543 6,783,51646 % 6,993,602 13,518,371 13,518,3718,308,543 13 518 371 7,100,000 54% 54% 54% 30 % 29% 65% 65 % 65 % 38% 1,770,000 3,243,228 3,393,228 9% 14 % 14%

2012: €18,810,044 2013: €22,705,834 2014: €24,298,671

Montant des subventions Engagements accordées au budget Subsidies sur les projetsShoahEngagements Memorial in Paris MémorialShoah Memorial de in Drancy Mémorial de de fonctionnement for projects (operationsur les projets and investments) la(operation Shoah à Parisand investments) la Shoah à Drancy et d’équipement Budget de fonctionnement (fonctionnement (fonctionnement du Mémorial de la Shoah et d’équipement et investissement) et investissement) du Mémorial de la Shoah

Montant des Fonctionnement subventions consacrées et investissement à des projets pour le site de Drancy 6 Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah

Breakdown of projects supported

Breakdown of projects per committee

Solidarity Shoah 31 projects Education 12% 53 projects 21%

History of anti-Semitism Jewish and13,911,841 the Shoah 252 Culture* 34 projects 66 projects 13% € projects 26%

Memory and Combating Transmission anti-Semitism** 59 projects 9 projects 24% 4%

Breakdown of funds per commettee

Solidarity Shoah €5,566,935 Education 40% €956,329 7% History of anti-Semitism Jewish and the Shoah 13,911,841 Culture*252 €229,363 €2,510,630 2% € projects 18%

Memory and Combating Transmission anti-Semitism** €3,092,149 €1,556,435 22% 11%

* Including the FMS’s participation in the projects financed by the Gordin Foundation. ** Projects concerning the fight against anti-Semitism examined prior to the creation of the committee devoted to this issue. 7

In 2014, 40 percent of the funds And this year again, the Foundation (excluding for the Shoah Memorial) supported many educational trips to were attributed to Solidarity for memory sites in France and in Europe. Shoah survivors. As part of the The travel program coordinated by partnership with the Claims the Shoah Memorial represents more Conference, the FMS provided an than half of the funding allocated in additional significant contribution to the field of Shoah Education. support home-care services. The social aspect of the framework By pulling the FMS’s contribution agreement with the FSJU (United with that the Gordin Foundation (p. Jewish Social Fund) was renewed. 16), the funds attributed to Jewish The Foundation also extended its Culture correspond to 18 percent of support to Rothschild Foundation, the financing allocated this year. The CASIP-COJASOR and Latet, via cultural aspect of the framework multiannual projects. agreement with the FSJU and the digitization of some of the collections The History of anti-Semitism and in the library of the Alliance Israélite the Shoah Committee continues to Universelle are among the largest support research and fund the projects funded. publication of reference works. In 2014, 15 researchers received grants The Foundation also contributes or support for research. funds for projects working to anti-Semitism. In 2014, it continued As for the Memory and to finance the SPCJ (Jewish Transmission Committee, the year Community Protection Service) and was marked by the signature of a the Aladdin Project. It also provided three-year agreement with the Camp support for initiatives by the CRIF des Milles Memorial Site, an (Representative Council of French agreement that represents more than Jewish Institutions) and the LICRA one-third of the sums allocated. In targeting anti-Semitism on the addition to funding for films, books, Internet. plays and exhibitions, it continues to provide assistance to the Union of . Auschwitz Deportees-France and the CERCIL in Orléans. 8 Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah

Organization

Honorary President Representatives from Isabelle Yeni Richard Prasquier public authorities Inspector General for Honorary President of the social affairs, Ministry Crif EXECUTIVE BOARD Jacques Andréani of Social Affairs, Health French ambassador, Éric de Rothschild President and Women’s Rights Ministry of Foreign President of the Shoah David de Rothschild Affairs and International Representatives from Memorial Vice presidents Development Jewish institutions in Pierre-François Veil Raphaël Esrail France Richard Prasquier Thomas Andrieu President of the French Director of Civil Liberties Roger Cukierman Committee for Yad Treasurer and Legal Affairs, President of the Vashem Roger Cukierman Ministry of the Interior Representative Council Secretary General Qualified personalities François Bernard of Jewish Institutions Alice Tajchman Honorary Conseiller in France (CRIF) Claire Andrieu Éric de Rothschild d’État, Ministry Marc Eisenberg Historian, university of Justice President of the Alliance professor Advisor to the Israélite Universelle President Gilles Braun Raphaël Hadas-Lebel Inspector General Raphaël Esrail Honorary Conseiller d’État for national education, President of the Simone Ministry of National Auschwitz Survivors’ Halberstadt Harari BOARD Education, of Higher Union Producer OF DIRECTORS Education and Research Ariel Goldmann David de Rothschild President of the United Honorary members Norbert Engel President of Inspector General Jewish Social Fund Rothschild & Cie Claude Lanzmann for cultural affairs, (FSJU) Alice Tajchman Filmmaker, author Ministry of Culture Jean-François Guthmann Honorary university Samuel Pisar and Communication President of the lecturer UNESCO Honorary Pierre Lubek Œuvre de Secours Annette Wieviorka Ambassador Honorary financial aux Enfants (OSE) Historian, inspector, Ministry Serge Klarsfeld CNRS research director Honorary President of the Economy and President of the of the French Committee Finances Association of Sons and for Philippe Navelot Daughters of Jews Ady Steg Director in charge Deported from France Honorary President of Memory, Heritage Joël Mergui of the Alliance Israélite and Archives, President of the Universelle Ministry of Defense Central Consistory

ADMINISTRATION Program associates “Testimonies of the Joëlle Sebbah Solidarity Shoah” series Accounts Directors Philippe Weyl Rachel Rimmer Régine Socquet Executive Director History of anti-Semitism Communication History of anti-Semitism Philippe and the Shoah, Pierre Marquis and the Shoah, Memory Allouche Shoah Euducation Rachel Matalon and Transmission, Dominique Trimbur Combating anti-Semitism Deputy Director Assistants Gabrielle Memory and and Support for Audrey Mayer Rochmann Transmission Intercultural Dialogue Judith Cytrynowicz Administration, logistics, Gladys Sroussi Director, external relations, Jewish Culture, Jewish Culture administration Solidarity Combating anti-Semitism Gordin Foundation and finances and support for Yanique Mervius Patrick intercultural dialogue Administration, Benarouch Isabelle Cohen Shoah Education 9 70th anniversary of the liberation of the Nazi camps 10 L’action de la Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Shoah 10

La cité HLM de la PhotographMuette taken © P.Maribond by Éric Schwab in the Leipzig-Thekla camp, where 300 prisoners working in a factory were burned alive before the Americans arrived. Image from Annette Wieviorka’s book, 1945. La Découverte. 1111

Three major projects

In commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the liberation of the Nazi camps by the Allied forces, the Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah presents three major projects undertaken with its support.

Future Memories. sources of their historical knowledge. Their perspectives of An international survey the past were compared with their on the memory values and their vision for the world of the 20th century in the future. The results of this survey were presented at a conference held on January 21, 2015 at the Collège des Bernardins in Paris. All the data concerning the Future Memories survey can be consulted freely in the 24 languages of the study, at www.fondationshoah.org.

Jewish Museum in Berlin

The Foundation for Political Innovation and the Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah coordinated a broad-based international survey on the memory Dominique Reynié, Executive Director of the of major events in our recent Foundation for Political Innovation. history. More than 31,000 young people in 31 countries participated. They were questioned about their perceptions of the two World Wars, genocides, totalitarian regimes and certain more recent events, such as the fall of the Berlin Wall and the attacks on September 11, 2001.

They were also asked to provide David de Rothschild, President of the specific information concerning the Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah. 12 70th anniversary of the liberation of the Nazi camps

Annilihation. from the rise of the Nazi power to the and the The Destruction discovery of the camps and its of Europe’s Jews. impact on the post-war world. An exceptional With the participation of some 50 leading university scholars, it documentary series presents the latest findings in historical research while remaining accessible to the widest possible public. Broadcast in early 2015 on France 2, the documentary series is available on DVD. .

This eight-part series, directed by William Karel and Blanche Finger, examines the history of the Shoah

Auschwitz, the story of document with nearly 200 photographs taken inside the two albums. largest of the Nazi death camps. A transmedia This publication includes a DVD educational project and a web-documentary that compares this album with that of Karl Höcker’s, adjutant to the commandant of Auschwitz. A U S C H W I T Z L ’ H I S T O I R E D E D E U X A L B U M S The Minister of National Education, Najat Vallaud-Belkacem, and Serge Klarsfeld presented this project to the Ministry of National Education on January 26, 2015 UN LIVRE UN DVD UN WEBDOCUMENTAIRE L’ALBUM D’AUSCHWITZ ALBUM(S) D’AUSCHWITZ LES DEUX ALBUMS D’AUSCHWITZ . WWW.RESEAU-CANOPE.FR/LES-2-ALBUMS-AUSCHWITZ

The Canopé network and the Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah have reissued the Auschwitz Album, an exceptional historical The Shoah Memorial and institutional partnerships 14 The Shoah Memorial and institutional partnerships

Permanent Support for the Shoah Memorial

The Shoah Memorial is the In conjunction with its permanent Foundation for the Memory of the exhibition, the Memorial presented two Shoah’s leading partner. Thanks to temporary exhibitions in 2014: “Scenes the permanent support of the from the Ghetto” and “Filming the War: Foundation, the Memorial has been The Soviets and the Holocaust, 1941- able to develop and host an 1946.” increasing number of visitors Three additional exhibitions were (individuals, school groups, organized: “Salonika and the Deportation researchers, etc.). of Jews from Greece,” “Rwanda 1994: The FMS also funded the renovation and The Genocide of the Tutsi” and “Foreign expansion of the Memorial, the Jewish Volunteers in the French Army construction of the Wall of Names during the two World Wars.” bearing the names of the 76,000 Jews Alongside these exhibitions, the deported from France, and that of the Memorial presented an extensive and Wall of the Righteous. The Shoah thorough cultural program (films, Memorial has an exceptional archival lectures, conferences). collection that is constantly growing and is available to researchers.

The Memorial is also an educational and training site recognized by the Ministry of National Education. It hosts many groups of schoolchildren, organizes study trips to Shoah sites and offers training sessions for teachers. Other professionals (police officers, judges, etc.) can also follow specific training programs.

Key figures 2014 202,500 visitors to the Shoah Memorial in Paris and 24,900 in Drancy 47,000 visits by schoolchildren 5,150 teachers trained The traveling exhibitions hosted: 146,000 visitors in 84 places A group of students discovers the Wall of Names at the Shoah Memorial in Paris. 1515

The Shoah Memorial in Drancy.

The Shoah Memorial A counterpart to the Shoah in Drancy Memorial in Paris, the Drancy Memorial is an opportunity for the public to discover the site of the former camp and explore its history through an interactive exhibition. Constructed on the initiative of and with funds from the Foundation for Built on land donated by the town the Memory of the Shoah, the of Drancy, this memorial was Drancy Memorial is located designed by the Swiss architect opposite the Cité de la Muette, Roger Diener. It has a documen- where the tation center, a conference room was located—it was the and classrooms equipped for antechamber of death for 63,000 groups. It is run by staff from the of the 76,000 Jews deported from Shoah Memorial and financed by France. the Foundation. 16 The Shoah Memorial and institutional partnerships

Institutional partnerships

The Foundation for the Memory of the The FMS is a partner in the National Shoah supports the three major Competition on the Resistance and federative institutions of French Deportation (CNRD), along with the Judaism—the Unified Jewish Social Ministry of National Education, the Fund (FSJU), the Representative Ministry of Defense and four other major Council of French Jewish foundations that focus on the memory of Institutions (CRIF) and the Central World War II. Since 1961, the CNRD has Consistory, as part of a multiannual brought together 40,000 middle school project framework. and first-year high school students every year. The agreement with the FSJU includes both social and cultural aspects (such as The Foundation is a member of the the online Akadem campus). The French delegation of the International agreement with the CRIF focuses on the Holocaust Remembrance Alliance. particular issue of combating anti- This intergovernmental institution Semitism, whereas the agreement with includes 31 member countries and the Consistory deals with education, the 8 observer states. It promotes research, development of programs for youth and education and memorial initiatives the improvement of rabbinical training. concerning the Shoah.

In addition, the Foundation is one of the The Foundation for the Memory of the main contributors to the Jewish Shaoh is a member of the French Community Protection Service Foundation Center. (SPCJ), which, in close cooperation with public authorities, oversees security in Jewish schools, religious sites and community institutions.

The Gordin Foundation

The Rachel and Jacob Gordin Foundation was created in 2008 to help finance building projects for Jewish schools. Housed by the Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah, the Gordin Foundation brings together the FSJU (Unified Jewish Social Fund), the Harevim Fund, the Rothschild Foundation, the Sacta-Rachi Foundation and the FMS. Every establishment seeking funds must approve a charter by which it agrees to follow the principles of rigorous management and to provide education that respects the values of both the French Republic and Judaism (see the list of projects 2014, p. 47). 17 Committee Solidarity

President Anne-Carole Bensadon

Committee members Jean-Jacques Arvieu Marianne Bensaid Gérard Brami Andrée Katz Régine Lippe Francis Neher Serge Reingewirtz Olivier Saint-Jean Nathalie Zajde

Program associate Rachel Rimmer 18 Solidarity

Support for survivors

Solidarity toward Shoah survivors and Furthermore, the Foundation for the those who suffered anti-Semitic Memory of the Shoah provides assistance persecutions is one of the primary for survivors in Israel and Eastern priorities of the Foundation for the Europe, particularly for those in the most Memory of the Shoah. critical situations, via programs set up by charitable organizations. The Foundation finances programs established by social and medical institutions run by the Jewish community. These programs aim to meet the needs of Shoah survivors by offering specific services: listening, orientation, psychological support, financial assistance for people in need, home care services, support services for individuals with Alzheimer’s, assisted-living residences.

The Foundation also works to reduce the isolation of survivors by supporting associations that offer them group activities and cultural events.

Approximately 3,000 Shoah survivors may benefit from these specific services.

”There is a good degree of complementarity between the institutions funded by the Foundation, the policy of the government and that of the Claims Conference. The challenge today is to reach the largest possible number of survivors, at a time when their needs are growing.” Anne-Carole Bensadon, President of the Solidarity Committee 19

Helping today and children—including more than 10,000 orphans due to the preparing for the Shoah—now live in France. This future number should fall by half within ten years. As part of the partnership with the Along with former deportees, they Claims Conference, in 2014 the are a priority group for the Foundation provided additional, Foundation. While not all of them exceptional funds to support are in need, an increasing number home care services. It also of them will be affected by a loss coordinated the French section of of autonomy and health issues. a prospective demographic survey concerning Jewish victims of around the world. This survey reported that France is the fourth largest country with Shoah survivors, after Israel, the United States and Russia. An estimated 30,000 to 40,000 former hidden

Support for for Shoah survivors. The CASIM also has an outpatient service for Shoah survivors people suffering from Alzheimer’s, in Marseille as well as a meeting place, the Café des Délices, where the elderly With support from the Foundation, can meet up and enjoy various the CASIM (Jewish Social Action activities. Committee of Marseille) has set up several services specifically for Shoah survivors. The core of this program is the AMEA platform providing social support and listening; it offers home care services and visits, including delivery of kosher meals (1,700 meals delivered per month). At the Oliviers retirement home, specialized caretakers are on hand 20 Solidarity

Projects supported

Framework agreement Home care services Psychological support and and study workshops for Shoah Assessment, health care and survivors and their families FSJU / FMS framework home care services Amcha, Netanya agreement. Adiam Solidarity Social plan (2014-2016) Daily meals for 200 Shoah Home care and a network of survivors living in precarious home visitors Prospective demographic conditions CASIM survey Carmei Haïr, Jerusalem FMS / Claims Conference Specific homecare services for Shoah survivors Training of volunteers to Listening, and social LogiVitae combat the isolation of Shoah and psychological survivors support Exceptional additional support Foundation for the Benefit of for home care services Améa orientation platform co-financed by the Claims CASIM Conference: Medical, social and food aid for Shoah survivors living in Social action for Shoah Adiam Solidarité precarious conditions survivors CASIM Latet CASIP-COJASOR CASIP-COJASOR Psychological unit for Shoah Caretakers at EHPAD Support for survivors in survivors and their families and geriatric services East Europe Centre Georges Devereux Caretakers at the Résidence In cooperation with the “Listening, memory and des Oliviers American Joint Distribution history service” CASIM Committee OSE “Kecher” Strengthening social services Social support services for Caretakers in the Claude Jewish Community in Estonia Shoah victims at the Elio Kalman and Amaraggi homes Jewish Community in Latvia Habib health center CASIP-COJASOR OSE “Tikva” program for Social activities caretakers and activities for Shoah survivors Conferences, dialogue and Fondation de Rothschild assistance to people in need Association of former members Alzheimer’s outpatient and supporters of the OSE care Café des Délices Alzheimer’s outpatient care CASIM CASIM Program of intergenerational Alzheimer’s platform activities OSE Centre Medem - Arbeter Ring Program of cultural activities Health insurance Cercle Bernard Lazare Complementary health “Bel été“ insurance Program of social events CASIP-COJASOR FSJU Café des Psaumes Support for survivors in OSE Israel Intergenerational solidarity Social and medical initiatives for and combatting isolation former hidden children in need Volonteers with the Latet USJF-Farband Aloumim association. 21 Committee History of anti-Semitism and the Shoah

President Annette Wieviorka

Committee members Patrick Cabanel Denis Charbit Catherine Coquio Anny Dayan-Rosenman Laurent Joly Monique Leblois-Péchon Michael Marrus Stefan Martens Wolfgang Seibel Claude Singer Claire Zalc

Program associate Dominique Trimbur 22 History of anti-Semitism and the Shoah

Support for research

The Foundation supports research The Foundation for the Memory of the on anti-Semitic persecution, the Shoah also contributes to the Shoah and other genocides. dissemination of knowledge via funding for publications and translations. It also supports historical work and research into other disciplines such as Finally, it participates in the conservation literature, sociology, philosophy, art and exploitation of archives. history, political science and law.

The Foundation awards doctoral and postdoctoral grants and provides funding for research trips and conferences.

Conference on He examines the consequences and portrayals that continue to this the history of day. The Foundation supported his the research.

In conjunction with the publication The conference included several of L’Histoire de l’Affaire Dreyfus de experts in this history. Robert 1894 à nos jours by Philippe Oriol, Badinter, also in attendance, the Foundation for the Memory of participated in the debate that the Shoah and the Éditions followed. The conference can be Les Belles Lettres organized an viewed on line at www.akadem.org. exceptional conference in November 2014, in partnership with the Ministry of Defense’s Department of Memory, Heritage and Archives.

Drawing on extensive documentation, Philippe Oriol presents an in-depth overview of the Dreyfus Affair, from the arrest of Captain Dreyfus to his exoneration in 1906. 23

“This year, the 20th anniversary of the Rwanda genocide of the Tutsi, our Committee attributed several research grants to young researchers working in this subject, thereby demonstrating its concern to expand a reflection on genocides.” Annette Wieviorka, President of the History of Anti-Semitism and the Shoah Committee

Woman imprisoned for having participated in the Rwandan genocide. Image from the film À mots couverts by Violaine Baraduc and Alexandre Westphal.

Support for research on In 2014, the History Committee awarded Violaine Baraduc a grant the Rwanda genocide to support her thesis on the crimes committed by women during the For several years, the Foundation Rwandan genocide. It also renewed for the Memory of the Shoah has its support for Sidi N’Diaye, whose been supporting researchers research follow a comparative working on the genocide of the approach. Tutsi. Finally, an international symposium In 2008, it awarded a doctoral grant entitled “Rwanda 1994-2014. to Hélène Dumas for her work on Memory Constructs and the the Gacaca courts. It also Writing of History” was held in supported Nathan Réra’s research November 2014 with support from on the role of images, the power the Foundation. and limits of visual representation in the case of the Rwandan genocide. 24 History of anti-Semitism and the Shoah

Projects supported

Doctoral grants Postdoctoral grants and research Crimes committed by women during the genocide of the The portrayal of the figure in Tutsi in Rwanda. Rebuilding art after Auschwitz. A strategies and initiatives of contribution to the study of handling guilt in terms of the historical impact of the penal, political and memorial Shoah issues Paul Bernard-Nouraud Violaine Baraduc EHESS EHESS - Institute of African Worlds Babi Yar: witness accounts and portrayals Raw heritage. Fictional Boris Czerny versions of historical Caen University accounts. Primo Levi, Aharon Appelfeld, Philip Roth Aller Simple - Restoring Guido Furci Justice and the French Paris III University Railroads (USA vs. SNCF) Sarah Federman Survey of auctions in Paris (1930s -1940s), the art market Jewish Refugees in Teheran Biographical Dictionary The during the Occupation During WWII Executed 1940-1944 Emmanuelle Polack Kathrin Haurand Dir. Claude Pennetier, National Institute for Art History Clark University (USA) Jean-Pierre Besse, Thomas Pouty and Delphine Leneveu The question of Jewish Historical fictions and local Center for 20th-Century Social identity: Irène Némirovsky, massacres: a comparative Patrick Modiano, Marc approach betweeen the History, Laboratoire Maitron Weitzmann Rwandan genocide and the Elena Quaglia Prevention and healing in a Shoah in Poland century of violence. The Verona University and Paris Sidi N’Diaye Ouest University Society for Rescuing Children Paris Ouest University and Jews in the 20th century. From a condemnation of Modern Masada on Mount Dir. Mathias Gardet, Kathy anti-Judaism to inter-religious Carmel in 1942 Hazan, Laura Hobson Faure solidarity against Nazi Eli Pfefferkorn and Catherine Nicault anti-Semitism. The synagogues University of Toronto Éditions Armand Colin and Christian churches in Translation in English France during the age of Jewish and Non-Jewish Governing memory? emancipation (1806 -1939) Cultures in Contact : Joël Sebban New Research The commemoration Center for 19th-Century Cristina Spinei of the "Righteous" History Alexandre-Jean-Cuza from Jerusalem to Paris Paris I and Paris IV universities University, Iasi (Romania) (1942-2007) Sarah Gensburger The flow and practices of Meyer Levin in search of the Berghahn Books anti-Semitism between the “remnants” of Jewish two world wars: the example communities in Europe The Shoah Child of intransigent Catholic Annette Wieviorka Dir. Ivan Jablonka networks between France and CNRS, IRICE Laboratory Presses universitaires Italy (1917-1943) de France Nina Valbousquet Center for History at Publications, The End of Silence. Death, translations Grief and Memory Among the Creators of Ashkenazi The role of the performing Online Encyclopedia of Mass Culture. Central and Eastern arts in transmitting memory in Violence. New views on Europe / United States Rwanda after the genocide of the Nazi system of (1880-1980) the Tutsi. extermination Jean-Sébastien Noël Ariane Zaytzeff Center for History at Presses universitaires New York University Sciences Po de 25

The Art Market in Paris During Narratives of Violence Archives the Occupation (1940-1944) Central European University, Emmanuelle Polack Budapest Digitization and uploading to Éditions du Seuil the Internet of witness Conference on Medicine accounts Translation in French - during the Holocaust Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Remembering the Holocaust Juan-Carlos University, Madrid Avraham Harman Institute of in the Age of Decolonization Contemporary Jewry Michael Rothberg Museological approach to Éditions Pétra violence in Central and Eastern Europe Paris IV University, CIRCE Symposia, seminars and conferences Rwanda 1994-2014: constructing memory and Perpetrators East and West : writing history Why did They Kill? Paris VII University, CERILAC Participation of Tal Bruttmann, historian Narrative Matters Association for Slavic, East Participation of Guido Furci, European, and Eurasian Studies, PhD candidate in Literary Boston Studies Paris Diderot University Seminar - History of historiography of the Shoah Jewish History, Antisemitism EHESS, Historical Research and the Holocaust Center - CNRS Participation of Katrin Stoll, historian Conference on the History of Sydney University the Dreyfus Affair by Philippe Oriol The Contemporary Lessons of FMS / Éditions Les Belles the Dreyfus Affair Lettres / Ministère de la Tel Aviv University, Department Défense of French Studies

In partnership with the National Institute for Art History, the Foundation supports research into the plunder of artwork during the Occupation. Ahmed Dramé in Once in a Lifetime by Marie-Castille Mention-Schaar. This film, released in December 2014, received funding from the Foundation in 2013. 27 Committee Memory and Transmission

President Serge Klarsfeld

Committee members Claude Bochurberg Henri Borlant Tal Bruttmann Colette Cohen Alexandre Doulut Agnès Hirtz Esther Hoffenberg Olivier Lalieu Marie-Laure Lesage Max Polonovski Laurent Veyssière

Program associate Judith Cytrynowicz 28 Memory and Transmission

Bringing memory to life

Remembering the history of the The Foundation also contributes to the Shoah and its implications is a conservation and transmission of priority for the Foundation for the witness accounts. Since 2004, it has Memory of the Shoah. been publishing a series of Shoah testimonies (see p. 33). It also supports It therefore supports memorial initiatives the activities of the Auschwitz Survivors’ (commemorations, plaques, memorial Union and the French Committee for Yad stones) and projects that transmit this Vashem, which produce essential work on history, including those that illuminate memory and education. little-known aspects; these include books, films, exhibitions, plays and In 2014, it worked with the Foundation for audiovisual testimonies. Political Innovation on a major international survey on the memory of the The Foundation also supports most of the 20th century. More than 31,000 young major museum projects concerning the people in 31 countries participated (p. 11). internment, deportation and rescue of Jews in France.

During the war, Wladyslaw L. witnessed Jews being shot near Bialystok in Poland. His account was recorded by a team from Yahad - In Unum.

“Memory sites play a major role as a reminder that the Shoah is part of the history and geography of our country. It is essential for us to support museums and memorials in their educational and transmission initiatives.” Serge Klarsfeld, President of the Memory and Transmission Committee 29

The Memorial Site.

Partnerships with supported the creation of a memory site at le Chambon-sur- memory sites Lignon that examines the history of the Righteous on the Vivarais The Foundation participated in the plateau. In addition to the funding creation and/or the rehabilitation of provided, the Foundation has several memory sites, which are also established long-term educational. In addition to the Shoah partnerships and dialogue with Memorial in Paris and in Drancy, the these memory sites, to best Foundation co-financed the Camp support them in their work of des Milles Memorial Site, which is transmitting history. housed in a former tile factory in Aix-en-Provence that was used as The year 2014 was marked by the an internment camp. In Orléans, it signature of a three-year supports the activities of the framework agreement with the CERCIL—Musée-Mémorial des Camp des Milles Foundation— enfants du Vél’ d’Hiv’, which Memory and Education, to help presents the history of the support the development of its internment camps of Pithiviers, activities (public visits, notably Beaune-la-Rolande and Jargeau. schoolchildren, a cultural program, promotion of the memorial site The Foundation participated in the and training for adults as part of renovation of the Maison d’ and the fight against anti-Semitism). 30 Memory and Transmission

Projects supported

Audiovisual productions Just a journey Itinerary of a Jew of the century Stéphane Krausz Claude Berger Second Generation Ovni Films Les Éditions de Paris Vera Belmont After the fog The Notebooks (working title) Stephan Films Luis Ortas Alter Fajnzylberg After the war: restitution 13 Productions Éditions des Rosiers Catherine Bernstein Jewish children saved at the Because there is no ladder and Jean-Marc Dreyfus Rothschild Hospital to heaven. Drawings by Arthur Cocottes Minute Production Jean-Christophe Portes Goldschmidt in the The 1936 Olympic Games in and Rémi Bénichou Theresienstadt Camp Berlin - the great illusion Dream Way Productions Georges-Arthur Goldschmidt et al. Éditions Créaphis Franck Cassenti They left like that Viva Productions Julien Simon We need a ghost and Catherine Bernstein Hanuš Hachenburg A spy among paintings. Rose Paris Brest Productions Rodéo d’Âme Valland and the Brigitte Chevet The Silenced Walls Clandestine Aber Images Sabrina Van Tassel Marie Jalowicz Simon JF2 Productions Éditions Flammarion Barbie Operation, an affair at government levels Multimedia project - The The Veiled Sun Bertrand Delais Auschwitz Complex Translation into English of Siècle Productions Emil Weiss Le Soleil Voilé Michkan World Productions Paul Schaffer Laurette 1942, a volunteer at Vehicule Press the Recebedou Camp Digitization and restoration Francis Fourcou of the film Violons at the Ball 1945. The Discovery Écransud Michel Drach Annette Wieviorka Port Royal Productions Éditions du Seuil The name of the 86 Emmanuel Heyd and Digitization and restoration Journal Tenou’a. Raphael Toledano of the film Enclosure Yom HaShoah 2014 Dora Films Armand Gatti Special issue Clavis Films Association Tenou’a Izieu, children of the Shoah Romain Icard Publications Journal Gypsy Studies and Pierre-Jérôme Biscarat Special issue about Nilaya Productions A trip to Hades persecution of Roma in Günter Anders Eastern Europe from 1941 Annihilation. The Destruction of Le Bord de l’Eau Éditions to 1944 Europe’s Jews FNASAT - Gens du voyage An eight-part documentary From one generation to the series other. Intergenerationality in Memorial of the deportation William Karel and Blanche psychopathology today of Judeo-Hispanics of France Finger Dir. Patrick Bantman Muestros Dezaparesidos Zadig Productions Éditions In Press Theater and concerts Mein Kampf (farce) Georges Tabori Collectif Les Âmes Visibles Misprint. The Story of a Translator Laurence Sendrowicz Compagnie Bessa The Right Address Micheline Weinstein Second Generation, a filmed adaptation of a graphic novel by Michel Compagnie Le GrandTOU 31

Exhibition Support for activities in 2014 The Jewish anti-fascist and 2015 : commemorations, committee. website 1942-1952: a tragic decade Auschwitz Survivors’ Union Centre Medem -Arbeter Ring Construction of a Encounters - The Righteous commemorative stele in at Dieulefit Lasnamaë (Estonia) LICRA Friends and Family of the Deportees of Convoy 73 Meeting with former members of the OSE in Israel. Edification of a memorial in The Right Address, a performance / 20th anniversary of Aloumim Casseneuil reading, adapted from a book by association Association for the Casseneuil Bert Kok. OSE Camp Memorial Symposium - Medical Restoration of the Wall of Clara’s Story students and doctors, Names and educational Musical Righteous Among the Nations initiatives Adapted from the book by in France Jewish Guides and Scouts of Vincent Cuvellier Association of Jewish Doctors France Compagnie (Mic)zzaj in France Resistance and Deportation Construction of a Museum in the Ardèche Symposium - Léon Blum, commemorative monument , Pierre Town of Villemotier Primo Levi Mendes-France, . and Ferdinando Camon. Statesmen of France … hated Archives and Conversations and persecuted as Jews Dominique Lurcel Élie Wiesel Institute researches Compagnie Passeurs de Mémoire / Symposium - Rwanda: Recording the logbooks from Théâtre de l’Imprévu Reflection on the last the Beaune-la-Rolande and genocide of the 20th century Pithiviers camps Reading RBF France - Forum de la Cercil The Children of July Mémoire Compagnie Se non e vero / Future Memories, a survey on Town of le Chambon-sur-Lignon 70th anniversary of the memories of the 20th century liberation of the Nazi camps Foundation for Political Concert at UNESCO and the 72th anniversary of Innovation / FMS Headquarters for the 70th the Rising Memory of Jews executed in anniversary of the liberation Jewish Cultural Association of of the Nazi concentration Poland: recording and Nancy camps transmission of witness Jerusalem Symphony accounts Orchestra Memorial sites and -Regions of Bialystok and associations Subcarpathian Cantate Memory -Regions of Lublin, Warsaw and Misha Katz Support for activities in 2015 Silesia International Peace Festival CERCIL Association Yahad - In Unum Creation of the website of the Yom HaShoah 2015 concert. CD remembrance place Union libérale israélite de Town of le Chambon-sur-Lignon France Network’s development “Cities and villages of the Exhibitions and cultural Righteous in France” events French Committee for Yad Vashem Exhibition Avigdor Arikha. Images from Support for activities in 2015 the realm of the dead Camp des Milles Foundation - Town of Chambon-sur-Lignon Memory and Education Shoah survivor Isabelle Choko was the French chess champion in 1956. She published her story in the “Testimonies32 L’action of the Shoah”de la Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Shoah series. 33

“Testimonies of the Shoah” series

The “Testimonies of the Shoah” series publishes the accounts of victims of READING COMMITTEE persecution perpetuated against Jews by the Nazis and their collaborators. Whether President they were deported, interned or hidden Serge Klarsfeld during the war, the authors recount their personal experiences, thereby continuing Members to illuminate us on various aspects of the Henri Borlant unprecedented crime of the Shoah. Isabelle Choko The series provides the public with texts Olivier Coquard that have not been published before or that Katy Hazan have become unavailable. Each testimony Dominique Missika is examined by a reading committee Denis Peschanski chaired by Serge Klarsfeld, which includes Paul Schaffer Shoah witnesses and historians. Annette Zaidman Published by Le Manuscrit, the testimonies Director of the series are available in a selection of libraries and Philippe Weyl on the Internet, in paper or digital format. The series now has more than 75 works.

Marie Vaislic in 2008 at Bergen-Belsen, where she was deported. 34 "Testimonies of the Shoah" series

Books published in 2014

1939-1945 Journal sentence rather than the . Yet he was handed over to it once he had An Alsatian Jewish Family during served his sentence, and interned in the the Second World War Jewish camp of Drancy. Jaques Samuel Deported to Auschwitz II-Birkenau on July 18, 1943, Jacob was sent to forced labor on arrival. Exhausted after a few weeks, he was slated for the gas chamber, from which he escaped in Jacques Samuel, a French Alsatian Jew, extremis, before being assigned to a spent the war in a family that was part of Kommando responsible for clearing the the Jewish Resistance. The pious, music- ruins in the ghetto of his natal Warsaw. loving young man recorded what they all As the Soviets advanced, Jacob and his went through in a journal: the exodus and fellow prisoners were forced on a 120km chaotic flight to Moulins and the Creuse, “death march.“ Transferred from Lodz finding refuge, collective life on a farm to Dachau, he was finally liberated by school run by the Éclaireurs Israélites de the Americans from the Allach sub- France (EIF), the Jewish scouting camp in April of 1945. organization, in Taluyers, near Lyon, and Foreword by Patrick Abel the trek over the Pyrenees towards Spain September 2014 - 110 pages, in a desperate bid to reach Palestine, 30 illustrations which ended in tragedy. Through a brave young man’s frank look at the events of his time, this historic testimonial describes a The young blue-eyed girl Jewish family’s resistance during the war, Isabelle Choko Preface by Katy Hazan and Nicole Samuel-Guinard. In partnership with the OSE June 2014 - 436 pages, 75 illustrations In 1940, like all the Jews in Lodz, lsabelle and her family were forced to move to the Breaking the silence ghetto set up by the Nazis. Unable to leave, A Polish Jew in the Nazi spiral of death they suffered from hunger and illness; Isabelle’s father did not survive. The Jacob Alsztejn young girl, just 11 years old, and her mother managed to escape the roundups, until the ghetto was eradicated in .

Deported to Auschwitz II-Birkenau, they Jacob Alsztejn was arrested in Paris on were soon transferred to the Waldeslust July 24, 1942. Carrying forged ID, he camp and assigned to forced labor until was not identified as a Jew. At his trial, the evacuation to Bergen-Belsen. The he requested the harshest prison abominable conditions there proved too 35

much for Isabelle’s mother. The managed to start over and transmit her adolescent found the strength to survive story and her unshakeable faith in mankind. by helping her fellow prisoners. December 2014 - 202 pages, After months of convalescence, she 89 illustrations rebuilt a new life in France, bolstered by the humanist values of her parents. She is Translation continuing their commitment by honoring The Nomad their memories and those of the millions of Jews exterminated during the Shoah. Élisabeth Kasza Preface by Maître Bernard Jouanneau November 2014 - 402 pages, 125 illustrations élisabeth Kasza was a nomad, in more ways Alone and 14 years old than one. During the war she experienced the deadly journeys of deportation, then at Ravensbrück and later fled her country to escape the Bergen-Belsen Communist dictatorship. She became an actress and continued to travel, taking from Marie Vaislic one character after another. élisabeth was born in Hungary, into a family of Jewish origin that had converted to Protestan- tism. Under the Nazis, her parents were Marie Rafalovitch was 14 years old when confined to a ghetto, then deported. her world came crashing down on July 24, élisabeth and her family shared the fate of 1944, in Toulouse. Denounced by a neighbor, 440,000 Hungarian Jews send to she was arrested alone and deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau in 1944. Germany to the women’s camp of Like most of the deportees, her father Ravensbrück. Too young for forced labor, was murdered on arrival. élisabeth was she suffered from hunger and abuse, and separated from her mother, then discovered with horror the terrifying fate transferred to the camps of Bergen- awaiting the camp prisoners. Belsen, Duderstadt and Terezín In early 1945, as the Allies approached, (Theresienstadt). Her story gives us the the prisoners were evacuated to the observation of a sensitive and cultivated Bergen-Belsen camp which, over- woman whose youth was carried off in populated and disorganized, was then a torment and horror. deathtrap. The deaths would continue Preface by Pierre Rondot until several days after its liberation. Translated into English by Barbara Smith After returning to France, Marie got on and Glenn Numovitz. with her life, repressing the nightmare of Published in French: January 2011 the camps deep inside. It remained with Translation: June 2014 - 184 pages, her, even on a physical level, but she 41 illustrations The Comité Amelot evacuating the Varenne orphanage in 1943. Photograph from the exhibition/workshop: “Jewish Children in Paris” presented by the association L’Enfant et la Shoah – Yad Layeled, with support from the Foundation. 37 Committee Shoah Education

President Alice Tajchman (through December 2014) then Gilles Braun

Committee members Françoise Ait-Hadi Alexandre Bande Georges Benguigui Pierre-Jérôme Biscarat Claude Dumond Christine Guimonnet Françoise Janier-Dubry Philippe Joutard Yvette Levy Iannis Roder

Program associate Dominique Trimbur 38 Shoah Education

Shoah Education

The Foundation encourages the The Foundation finances, directly or via transmission of the history of the the Shoah Memorial, many school trips Shoah to schoolchildren. to memory sites in France and throughout Europe. Special attention is It supports educational initiatives and paid to the preparation of these trips and the organization of training sessions for to the reports and work done afterward. professors. As a partner of the Concours Ygal Fijalkow, a sociologist at the Centre national de la Résistance et de la Universitaire Jean-François Champollion Déportation, it participates in the in Albi, conducted a study to assess the creation of educational resources. long-term impact of these trips. His findings will be presented late 2016. In 2014, the Canopé network and the FMS reissued the Album d’Auschwitz as part of a transmedia project including a book, DVD and web-documentary (see p 11).

“Expanding on history classes, an educational work on the Shoah provides students with new perspectives. Drawing on witness accounts, the visits to memory sites offers them an opportunity to better understand the nature and immensity of the crime. Work with archive documents fosters critical thinking and introduces them to the historical method. This also contributes to a civic education.” Gilles Braun, President of the Shoah Education Committee

Students from Île-de-France visiting Auschwitz-Birkenau. 39

The opera Brundibár at the Théâtre de Caen.

Art as a teaching tool Along with this opera, the Théâtre de Caen, in partnership with the In 2014, the Foundation supported Caen Memorial, proposed an the creation of the opera artistic and historical initiation to Brundibár at the Théâtre de Caen, 750 fifth-grade, eighth-grade and as well as educational initiatives ninth-grade students from ten conducted in conjunction with this elementary and middle schools in performance—an example of the urban area. transmitting history via an artistic project. Through exchanges, visits and art workshops, with their professors Brundibár is a children’s opera they were able to explore the created by Hans Krása in 1943 in the Terezín concentration camp. It was history of the Terezín camp and performed more than 50 times by the issue of transmitting memory, Jewish children imprisoned in the and to discuss themes dealing ghetto, which Nazi propaganda was with censorship and anti-Semitism. presenting as a model Jewish colony to mask the reality of the camps. 40 Shoah Education

Projects supported

Training Educational projects Awareness-raising about the historical trauma of Internet - Audiovisual Fifth Remembrance Week Auschwitz-Birkenau memories of genocides Association Les Sentiers de la Lycée professionnel École normale supérieure Mémoire des Monts du Lyonnais de Lyon Coutances Chazelles-sur-Lyon, Loire Thessaloniki: from the Remembrance Week Writing, memory, citizenship “Jerusalem of the Balkans” to Lycée Thierry Maulnier, Collège Les Marronniers - Auschwitz Condrieu, Rhône / ISFM Beth Rivka, Yerres, Educational initiatives in Collège Mère Térésa - Essonne conjunction with the opera Villeurbanne, Rhône Brundibár by Hans Krasa Training for National Maîtrise de Caen / Théâtre de Resistance and forms of Education Inspectors: The Caen portrayal in the ghettos and history of Jewish children death campts during the Shoah as told Israel - National competition Lycée Lebrun through their memoirs concerning the History of the Coutances, Manche Yad Layeled France Shoah in France and North Africa History, memory and Audiovisual productions Aloumim, Jerusalem transmission Lycées Ozar Hatorah DVD - Children just like all the School trips Créteil, Val-de-Marne - others Sarcelles, Val-d’Oise National Education Study trips for teachers The art, literature and Inspectorate, Douai Centre 2014-2015 district Shoah Memorial memory of genocides: Berlin, Chelmno, Warsaw, Publications History and Memory of the Treblinka Shoah and Resistance Lycée Louis Aragon The children’s colony of Izieu, Lycée Henri Bergson Givors, Rhône 1943-1944 Angers, Maine-et-Loire From anti-Semitic prejudice Electronic version and to the Shoah: steps and translation Jewish life and Shoah in mechanisms Éditions Libel Poland Lycée Saint Martin / Lycée Louis Davier - Resist to survive: Charles Lycée Urbain Mongazon Joigny, Yonne / Palant Angers, Maine-et-Loire Association Déportation, Éric Simard persécution, mémoire - Éditions Oscar History and Memory of the Ris-Orangis, Essonne Shoah: Mauthausen Camp Lycée Thomas Corneille Deportation, extermination, Barentin, Seine-Maritime resistances and current memories Trip to Berlin Lycée des métiers Marie Le H et collection témoignage Lycée La Bretonnière RÉSISTER POUR SURVIVRE Franc Charles Palant Chailly-en-Brie, Seine-et-Marne

ÉRIC SIMARD ÉRIC RÉSISTER Lorient, Morbihan ÉRIC SIMARD POUR SURVIVRE A modern extermination in the Charles Palant Studies and memory at Roman heart of Europe. History and Militant des Droits de l’homme et contre tous les racismes, ÉRIC SIMARD Auschwitz-Birkenau Charles Palant est né dans le quartier de Belleville, à Paris, en 1922. Sous la plume d’Éric Simard, il nous raconte memory(ies) le parcours de sa vie. Apprenti maroquinier, il devient Département du Rhône délégué syndical à 14 ans lors des mouvements ouvriers Lycée classique et moderne de 1936. Pendant l’occupation allemande, sa famille Pôle éducation et lui sont menacés en raison de leurs origines juives. À 20 ans, il est arrêté à Lyon pour ses activités de Marceau résistant, puis envoyé dans les camps de Drancy avant Palant Charles Lyon, Rhône d’être déporté avec sa mère et sa sœur à Auschwitz. Chartres, Eure-et-Loir La « marche de la mort » le conduira en janvier 1945 au camp de Buchenwald. Charles Palant n’a jamais cessé de s’opposer à la tyrannie et à l’avilissement des Extermination camps and hommes. Il survivra au prix d’une incroyable volonté… Liberation of the Nazi camps, À 92 ans, il continue de transmettre aux jeunes Jewish life before the Shoah générations son message d’espoir, de vigilance et de the return of the deportees combat pour la dignité. Lycée ORT Ouvrage publié avec le soutien SURVIVRE POUR RÉSISTER de la Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Shoah and the discovery of the Marseille, Bouches-du-Rhône

979-1-02140-273-7 Hadid : Raphaël couverture Design concentration camp system www.oskarediteur.com A Art L Littérature Lycée d’enseignement agricole Itinerary of a bitter memory M Musique H Histoire privé de Nermont Lycée de la communication

Oskar_Palant_cover_04.indd 1 16/12/14 15:02 Châteaudun, Eure-et-Loir Metz, Moselle 41

The “duty of memory”: the Trip to Auschwitz by police Studying and understanding Shoah. Krakow, Auschwitz- commissioners and cadets the Shoah Birkenau Centre communautaire de Etablissement régional Lycée Pierre Béghin Paris / Aumônerie générale de d’enseignement adapté Moirans, Isère l’Armée de l’Air / OSE Jean Bart Paris Redon, Ille-et-Vilaine History, memories. A viewpoint Lycée Memory trip for leaders of the Path of Europe, pathways of Montmorillon, Vienne movement memories Educational department for Lycée Ribeaupierre The liberation of the Nazi Jewish youth Ribeauvillé, Aisne camps Paris Lycée des métiers Vassily Journey of life, journey of Kandinsky Memory of a people. death: Central European Jews Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine Learning so as to never 1940-1945 forget Lycée polyvalent Ella Fitzgerald Study trip Lycée Lucien de Hirsch Saint-Romain-en-Gal, Rhône Lycée Paul Guérin Paris Niort, Deux-Sèvres Study trip to Poland Trip to Poland Lycée ORT Itineraries of the deportees - Villiers-le-Bel, Val-d’Oise History and memory of the Lycée Lucien de Hirsch Shoah Paris From Vire to Lublin: examining the annihilation of European Lycée professionnel Joseph- Mankind after Auschwitz: Jews Marie Jacquard Man without Qualities Lycée Marie Curie Oullins, Rhône Lycée Georges Leven Vire, Calvados History and remembrance Paris Lycée Paul Painlevé The destruction of Europe’s Viennese modernity, Oyonnax, Ain Jews: remembrance and Jews in Vienna 1880-1938 transmission Memory and transmission Lycée Racine Lycée Beth Rivkah Association Hachomer Hatzaïr Paris Yerres, Essonne Paris In the footsteps of European Train of commemoration Jews in Poland Association Le Train de la Lycée Yabné mémoire Paris Paris From local to national: Trip to Auschwitz the De Camondo family, a Friends of the Aumônerie history of France israélite des Armées Collège Edmond de Goncourt Paris Pulnoy, Meurthe-et-Moselle

Ginette Kolinka, former deportee, traveling with a group of professors on a trip to Auschwitz. Marc Chagall. New York, 1941. Photograph by Roman Vishniac shown during an exhibition of his works held at the Paris Museum of Jewish Arts and History in 2014. 43 Committee Jewish Culture

President Laurence Sigal

Committee members Michaël Bar-Zvi Miriam Barkaï Nelly Hansson (deceased in November 2014) Olivier Kaufmann Bernard Maruani Évelyne Oliel-Grausz Perrine Simon-Nahum Charles Tenenbaum Nathan Weinstock

Program associate Isabelle Cohen 44 Jewish culture

Transmission of Jewish culture

From the very start, the Foundation has On a broader level, the Foundation also been committed to transmitting and helps to promote Jewish culture in making the best possible use of the society by funding cultural events and thousand-year-old legacy of Judaism— series of classes and conferences for the entire segments of which were general public. It is especially attuned to annihilated during the Shoah. initiatives that promote Yiddish and Judeo-Spanish cultures and languages. It supports all the diverse aspects of Judaism, with a special emphasis on Finally, it supports Jewish studies through education, to ensure the transmission of research grants and by encouraging the Jewish culture from generation to translation of major Jewish texts. generation. It thus supports training programs for teachers, directors of youth movements, and pedagogical projects for Jewish and Talmud Torah schools.

“Youth people are the priority of our committee. In order to better identify the needs and expectations of this group, we have launched a survey among young French Jews aged 18 to 26 years old. This study is based primarily on in-depth interviews. The results, which will be available early 2016, will help us more clearly define our strategy for transmitting Judaism and Jewish culture.” Laurence Sigal, President of the Jewish Culture Committee

A trip by Hazac, a youth organization created by the Central Consistory to re-energize isolated Jewish communities. 45

Shmuel Trigano and Claude Birman during the symposium on “Gathering the exiles.”

The Université Populaire du Judaïsme: Jewish studies for all Created in 2013 by Shmuel Trigano, the Université Populaire du Judaïsme offers a series of courses in the fundamental disciplines of Jewish studies. Combining intellectual rigor while aiming to remain accessible to the largest number of people, these seminars are open to everyone who would like to discover or pursue their knowledge of Judaism. The 2014-2015 program is based on the theme of “The Jewish humanities.”

- Bible: The creation of man and woman - Isabelle Cohen - Midrash: Destruction, forms and functions - Bernard Maruani - Talmud: Sexuality, celibacy, marriage under Jewish law - Liliane Vana - Kabbalah: The withdrawal of God - Shmuel Trigano - Philosophy: From particularities to the universal - Claude Birman - Hermeneutics: The ban on visual representations - Jean-Pierre Winter

In partnership with the Akadem website, it is possible to consult all the courses online, free of charge, as well as to study remotely and dialogue with participants. The Université Populaire de Judaïsme receives support from the Foundation for Memory of the Shoah. 46 Jewish culture

Projects supported

Grants and research Jews in Poland and Russia: A Short history Sources of the history of the Antony Polonsky Jewish presence in France: Éditions Honoré Champion constructing archives, constructing history Translation in French - (late 18th century-early Mathematik bei den Juden 1960s) (Les mathématiques chez les Mathias Dreyfuss Juifs) EHESS-CRH Moritz Steinschneider Georg Olms Verlag Emeric Deutsch doctoral grant: Mehitza. What Women See Myriam Tangi Socio-economic Biblieurope transformations in the Sephardic communities Talmudic Medicine. At the in the West, in the Atlantic Dawn of the Modern Sciences regions, at the start of the Ariel Toledano modern age: Jewish Detail of the poster for the Éditions In Press communities in Bayonne symposium: “Jews and Nations in Interest-bearing Loans. and its region, the Middle Ages.” from 1723 to 1790 Reflections on Interest- Nimrod Gaatone bearing Loans, the Talmudic Bar-Ilan University Publications, Vision of Credit Ramat-Gan, Israël translations Abraham Weingort Institutions Etz Haim Sophie Kessler-Mesguich Trip to Betsalel, Celebrations doctoral grant from Passover to Tu B’Av. Training, education Volume 3 Yiddish culture in Baltic Association pour la diffusion de Knowledge of the Jewish countries (1918-1940): the la culture juive extent of the Yiddishland world. Teacher training Alliance Israélite Universelle Akvile Grigoraviciute Translation of the Michna and Paris IV University - Sorbonne Guemara Campaign to teach Hebrew Bonayich Educational Services Les amis de la langue et de la culture hébraïque Symposia and archives Program for the translation Jews and Christians: mutual and publication of works in Development of the Université awareness and the challenges Yiddish Populaire du Judaïsme of a joint reflection for our Paris Yiddish Center Les amis de Pardès society My Encyclopedia of Judaism Online University. B’nai B’rith France Yael Azoulay Université Populaire du Bernard Lazare and Biblieurope Judaïsme - Akadem Charles Péguy, two Université Populaire du intellectuals promoting truth How to Make Jews happier Judaïsme Cercle Bernard Lazare and More Useful Pierre Birnbaum Renovation of buildings and Jews and the Nation in the Éditions du Seuil creation of a Rachi Home Middle Ages Association communautaire Seminar and publication of Choose Life israélite de Troyes - Association the proceedings Benjamin Gross du Centre culturel international Société d’études juives Éditions de l’Eclat Rachi et Maison des jeunes de Troyes Alliance library: a physical Shabbat and virtual center for the Benjamin Gross Jewish education for women dissemination of knowledge Éditions de l’Éclat - Development Alliance Israélite Universelle Beit Midrach Lenachim Abraham Joshua Heschel: A André Chouraqui’s archives: Prophetic Witness Nechama. Full school cycle digitization Édouard Kaplan for children with disabilities Les amis d’André Chouraqui Éditions Honoré Champion Beth Rivkah 47

Beth Halimoud and Oulpan: Exhibition. Roman Vishniac, Audiovisual productions Themes for development and from Berlin to New York innovation 1920-1975 The Venice Ghetto, 500 years Centre communautaire de Paris Musée d’art et d’histoire du of life judaïsme émmanuela Meschini Giordano Development of Jewish Arsam International studies and interreligious Exhibition. Dreyfus: The Story dialogue of a French-Jewish Family Jewish CD library: production Fondation Connaissance des Diaspora Museum, Tel Aviv of 8 CDs religions du livre Institut européen des musiques Exhibition “Jewish artists in juives Construction of a European the Russian avant-garde and Judaism Center children’s books 1890–1945” Real estate projects Consistoires central et de Paris Centre Medem - Arbeter Ring supported by the Trip to Argentina. Following Modernization of the Gordin Foundation the path of Jewish gauchos in exhibition “In Search of Judaism” Acquisition of a structure and Argentina installation of a school éclaireuses éclaireurs Communauté Ermont, Eaubonne et environs cafeteria israélites de France école juive de Cannes Development Concert and film: Jewish Happiness Bringing the main kitchen into École juive moderne compliance with standards Théâtre en l’Air Merkaz Hatorah, Le Raincy Creation of a Department of Jewish and Gypsy Music Hebrew and Jewish Studies Work to create a new class Festival Institut d’éducation, Gan Agena, Neuilly-sur-Seine Anima et Cie de tradition et de culture Emergency aid Sefarad’s. Sefarad Music Gan Alef, Neuilly-sur-Seine New courses and program Ensemble Variances Institut universitaire Elie Wiesel Extension and furnishing of Fiesta i alegria sefarades 2014 buildings Creation of a Moishe House in Aki Estamos Paris Kerem Menahem, Nice Moishe House Launch of new activities Expansion of the facilities Al Syete - Centre culturel école Levinas, Paris 11e Choosing Jewish schools. Popincourt Development Bringing building into Meetings - Books on Jewish Organisation Choisir l’école compliance with standards worlds and diasporas juive école Lucien de Hirsch, Association pour Paris 19e Training seminar and activities l’enseignement du judaïsme proposed to communities comme culture Bringing building into Tikvaténou compliance with standards Development of cultural école Cohen Tenoudji, Leadership Training Programs programs for adults with Savigny-sur-Orge Union des étudiants juifs disabilities de France Association Naguila Renovation of a building for students with disabilities ACT course of study (Learn, Beth Rivka, Yerres Understand, Transmit) Yeshiva of Marseille students

Cultural activities FSJU / FMS Framework agreement. Cultural plan (2014-2016) Fonds social juif unifié Exhibition. Gotlib’s Worlds Musée d’art et d’histoire du judaïsme Combating anti-Semitism and Support for Intercultural Dialogue

Zabou Breitman playing Ruth Halimi in the film 24 Days. The True Story of the Ilan Halimi Affair, by Alexandre Arcady. 49 Committee Combating anti-Semitism and Support for Intercultural Dialogue

President Alice Tajchman

Committee members Ron Azogui Adeline Baldacchino Emmanuelle Bensimon-Weiler Marc Knobel Jean-Claude Lescure Stéphane Lilti Arielle Schwab Christophe Tarricone

Project associate Isabelle Cohen

50 Combating anti-Semitism and Support for Intercultural Dialogue

Fighting anti-Semitism

Expanding its initiatives in the The virulence and violence of combat against anti-Semitism, in contemporary anti-Semitism have made late 2014 the Foundation for the security a particularly significant issue. Memory of the Shoah created a This is why the Foundation is one of the specific committee to deal with this primary financial backers of the Jewish issue. Community Protection Servie (SPCJ).

In conjunction with its traditional teaching In order to identify and understand approach, the Foundation supports anti-Semitism and its recent educational and citizen-based developments, the committee intends to initiatives that specifically target fund research and monitoring in this prejudices and attempts to conflate area. Since 2008, the Foundation has different issues. While the goal is to reach been financing the MEMRI Institute young people, the Foundation may also whose translation and monitoring work support events, publications and provides an overall view of the audiovisual productions (documentaries, phenomenon in the Middle Eastern media. feature films) geared to a wide public. Finally, the Foundation will continue to The committee would like to significantly support initiatives, like the Aladdin Project expand initiatives working to stem the and the Amitié Judéo-Musulmane de spread of hate speech on the Internet France, working to foster intercultural and social networks. dialogue and mutual understanding.

“The Internet is the front line in the fight against anti-Semitism. We have to track down hate speech and enforce the law. On the web and beyond, we must combat lies and prejudices with dialogue and understanding.” Alice Tajchman, President of the Committee to Combat anti- Semitism and Support for Intercultural Dialogue 51

Internet: contents of hate speech (recurring themes, major targets, Responding to hate etc.), to assess the size of the audience and to identify the The Internet, a fantastic tool for influential web-users on the communication and knowledge, is anti-Semitic sites. also a place where the most nauseous ideologies are expressed, Using this information, the aim is nearly unhindered. Given the flood to respond to anti-Semitic of anti-Semitic writing on the propaganda by formulating a Internet, private and public “counter-argument” adapted to institutions are often powerless. To the content (from a reminder of address this situation, in 2014 the the law to a high level of Foundation for the Memory of the discussion) and to the form (texts, Shoah funded two projects run by images, videos and so on.) the CRIF and the LICRA. Other initiatives in this area are also Illegal publications will be flagged expected to be developed. to public authorities (the Pharos platform under the auspices of The goal is to devise effective the Ministry of the Interior) and to digital strategies, using the webhosts. The CRIF and the expertise of Internet professionals LICRA both maintain a relationship and the most effective with the major web providers technological tools. The aim is to (Google, Facebook, Twitter). Legal set up a monitoring apparatus than actions are under-taken for the can constantly analyze the most serious cases. 52 Combating anti-Semitism and Support for Intercultural Dialogue

Projects supported

The Committee to Combat Anti-Semitism and Support Intercultural Dialogue began its work in early 2015. The projects listed below were reviewed in 2014; they were submitted to an independent consultant and examined by the Foundation Executive Board or Board of Directors.

Educational and Internet Research intercultural dialogue Digital unit for communication Summary of reports on initiatives and the fight against anti-Semitism Training and mediation by anti-Semitism FMS / Centre d’Études pairs of Jewish and Muslim CRIF Européennes de Sciences Po organizers* Paris Response to hate on the Amitié judéo-musulmane de Internet Research assistance - France LICRA Universities, institutions, Coexist: Education to combat university trade unions, racism and anti-Semitism Monitoring and security associations dealing with an anti-Semitic theater Coexist Monitoring of anti-Semitism performance and in the Transmitting the history of Université Paris Diderot press the Shoah and of MEMRI Institute Judeo-Muslim relationships Aladdin Project Support of 2015 activities * Project examined by the SPCJ Audiovisual production Jewish Culture Committee 24 Days. The True Story of the Ilan Halimi Affair Alexandre Arcady Alexandre Films

Initiative by the Amitié Judéo-Musulmane de France at the Collège Sacré-Cœur in Peronne. 53

Financial Committee

President Hervé-Adrien Metzger

Committee members Anton Brender Dominique Chesneau Marc El Nouchi Jean-François Guthmann Jean-Claude Hirel Nelly Léonhardt André Levy-Lang Marcel Nicolaï

54 Financial Committee

A rigorous, hands-on management

Chaired by a magistrate from the The Financial Committee also works to Court of Auditors, the Financial ensure good governance on the part of Committee for the Foundation of the the Foundation. It assesses budgetary Memory of the Shoah works to decisions and gives an opinion on the maintain the value of its endowment most important projects, notably those and make the best use of its revenue. that entail a long-term commitment by the FMS. The Committee pays particular The Committee defines and closely importance to the assessment of these monitors the investment strategy. The multiannual projects. goal, which involves balancing risk It is also concerned with keeping a close management and financial performance, watch on the operating costs, which is to provide the Foundation with the this year, as in the past, represented less funds to meet current needs without than 10 percent of the total budget. compromising its ability to act in the future. The Foundation’s staff ensures Since the Foundation was created, more the daily management of the fund, with than €200 million have been allocated to the support of qualified consultants. some 3,000 projects.

”The year 2014 was marked by good financial results, with a return of 6.7 percent. Yet budgetary prudence remains the watchword, given the extent of the multiannual commitment undertaken by the Foundation.” Hervé-Adrien Metzger, President of the Financial Committee 55

The Foundation on the radio... Broadcast every Sunday from 1pm to 1:30pm on RCJ (94.8 FM in Paris), the “Mémoires Vives” program is prepared by Rachel Rimmer and anchored alternately by Kristel Le Pollotec and Eve Szeftel. It showcases the projects supported by the Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah and the subjects related to its missions. All broadcasts can be heard at www.memoiresvives.net, or by signing up to the podcast on iTunes.

...and the Internet

In 2014, the Foundation’s website was consulted by 153,000 visitors, a 46 percent increase over 2013. The FMS Facebook page has more than 6,300 members, and its Twitter account is followed by over 4,400 people. The Foundation also has a Dailymotion page that presents the trailers for films it has supported.

www.fondationshoah.org

facebook.com/fondationshoah @Fondation_Shoah

Students from Île-de-France visiting Auschwitz-Birkenau. 56

Detail of the exhibition poster “A Scar in History. The 1994 Rwanda Genocide of the Tutsi,” at the Camp des Milles Memorial Site in Aix-en-Provence.

Editorial director p. 19 : OSE / CASIM Théâtre de Caen Philippe Allouche p. 20 : Gabrielle Rochmann, p. 40 : Éditions Oscar Editor FMS p. 41 : Judith Cytrynowicz, Pierre Marquis/Rachel p. 22 : Pierre Marquis, FMS FMS Matalon p. 23 : Les films p. 42 : Mara Vishniac Kohn, de l’embellie courtesy International Translator p. 24 : Éditions de l’Atelier Center of Photography Lisa Davidson p. 25 : Shoah Memorial p. 44 : Hazac, Consistoire Art director p. 26 : Guy Ferrandis, central les designers anonymes Loma Nasha Films p. 45 : Université populaire p. 28 : Markel Redondo, Photo credits du judaïsme Yahad - In Unum p. 46 : Institut de recherche Cover: p. 29 : Pierre Marquis, FMS et d’histoire des textes Pierre Verrier, p. 30 : Stephan Films p. 47 : Michel Abraham CHRD Lyon p. 31 : Anne Sarthou, p. 48 : Étienne George, p. 10 : Éric Schwab, AFP Compagnie Le GrandTOU p. 11 : Ernst Fesseler, p. 32 : Choko family’s Alexandre Films Jüdisches Museum Berlin / private archives p. 51 : Pexels.com Pierre Marquis, FMS / p. 33 : Pierre Lasry p. 52 : AJMF François Daburon, Fondapol p. 34-35 : Private p. 55 : Xavier Schwebel, p. 12 : Zadig Productions / collections Picturetank, Région Réseau Canopé / Philippe p. 36 : Shoah Memorial Île-de-France Devernay, MENESR p. 38 : Xavier Schwebel, p. 56 : Stéphane Dumont p. 14 : Shoah Memorial Picturetank, de Sauret, Fondation p. 15 : Vincent Pfrunner, Région Île-de-France du Camp des Milles - Shoah Memorial p. 39 : Philippe Delval, Mémoire et Éducation 57 RAPPORT D’ACTIVITÉ 2014

10, avenue Percier 75008 Paris Tél. : 01 53 42 63 10 Fax : 01 53 42 63 11 www.fondationshoah.org