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Mémoire Et Enseignement De L'holocauste Mémoire et enseignement de l’Holocauste : Notre responsabilité partagée Journée internationale dédiée à la mémoire des victimes de l’Holocauste Holocaust Remembrance and Education: Our Shared Responsibility International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust Programme Maison de l’UNESCO | 22 - 25 janvier 2018 UNESCO House | 22 – 25 January 2018 1 Journée internationale dédiée à la mémoire des victimes de l’Holocauste International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust En couverture : Cover : Photo : © Florence Brochoire – Atelier du Mémorial Photo: © Florence Brochoire – Elementary class de la Shoah en classe de primaire à Épinay-sur- workshop by the Shoah Memorial, Epinay-sur-Seine Seine, avril 2016 (France), April 2016 2 Journée internationale dédiée à la mémoire des victimes de l’Holocauste International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust Mémoire et enseignement de l’Holocauste : Notre responsabilité partagée Journée internationale dédiée à la mémoire des victimes de l’Holocauste Holocaust Remembrance and Education: Our Shared Responsibility International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust PROGRAMME Maison de l’UNESCO | 22 - 25 janvier 2018 UNESCO House | 22 - 25 January 2018 3 Journée internationale dédiée à la mémoire des victimes de l’Holocauste International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust rescapé d’Auschwitz et ancien Envoyé spécial de l’UNESCO pour l’enseignement de l’histoire de l’Holocauste et la prévention du génocide : « Nous avons un devoir viscéral de partager avec nos prochains la mémoire de ce que nous avons vécu et appris dans la chair et dans l’âme. Nous devons alerter nos enfants, Juifs et non Juifs, que le fanatisme et la violence qui se répandent dans notre monde à nouveau enflammé, peuvent détruire leur univers comme ils ont jadis © UNESCO détruit le mien ». « Il ne s’est rien passé depuis Auschwitz C’est le sens du thème retenu en 2018 : qui ait annulé Auschwitz, qui ait réfuté « Mémoire et enseignement de Auschwitz. Dans mes écrits, l’Holocauste l’Holocauste: notre responsabilité n’a jamais pu apparaître au passé ». Tels partagée ». Nous avons tous un rôle à sont les terribles mots du grand écrivain jouer – acteurs politiques, experts, hongrois et prix Nobel de littérature Imre historiens, artistes, communauté Kertész. Plus de 70 ans après l’horreur éducative, citoyens. Nous pouvons armer nazie, la transmission de cette histoire est les consciences contre l’oubli, le déni, le toujours aussi actuelle. négationnisme, la relativisation des crimes et le retour des stéréotypes qui C’est pourquoi, dans la suite du Conseil de alimentent la haine. Nous pouvons l’Europe, les Nations Unies ont institué opposer à la manipulation des faits un une Journée internationale dédiée à la discours de vérité. La lutte contre mémoire des victimes de l’Holocauste, l’antisémitisme quelles que soient ses fixée au 27 janvier, date à laquelle en formes, est au cœur de ce combat. 1945 des soldats soviétiques entrèrent au camp d’Auschwitz-Birkenau. Par cette Tel est l’esprit du programme mondial de décision, les Nations Unies ont affirmé à la l’UNESCO pour l’enseignement de fois le caractère spécifique de la Shoah, le l’Holocauste et des génocides, et des génocide du peuple juif, mais aussi sa événements organisés cette année au portée universelle. La transmission de siège de l’UNESCO : des expositions - La cette histoire et le souvenir de toutes les nuit de cristal avec le Mémorial de la victimes des crimes nazis sont un appel à Shoah, Mémoires volées avec le Service fortifier l’engagement des Nations pour la international de Recherche de Bad Arolsen paix. - , une projection - Les 4 sœurs de Claude Lanzmann –, et plusieurs tables rondes, Si la Shoah inspire une réflexion pour transmettre et tirer les inépuisable sur l’espèce humaine, enseignements de l’histoire. rappelant la possibilité du pire, elle porte aussi une mémoire qui doit être tournée “Nothing has happened since Auschwitz vers l’avenir. C’est le message qu’a that could reverse or refute Auschwitz. In défendu toute sa vie Samuel Pisar, my writings, the Holocaust could never be 4 Journée internationale dédiée à la mémoire des victimes de l’Holocauste International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust present in the past tense.” These are the Education: Our Shared Responsibility”. We terrible words of the great Hungarian all have a role to play – political actors, writer, awarded with the Nobel Prize for experts, historians, artists, the educational literature, Imre Kertész. More than 70 community and citizens. We can build up years after the Nazi horror, the awareness against forgetting, denial, transmission of this history is as relevant historical revisionism, relativization of as ever. crimes and the return of stereotypes that fuel hatred. We can oppose the That is why, in the wake of the Council of manipulation of facts by speaking the Europe, the United Nations established an truth. Combating antisemitism, in International Day of Commemoration in whatever form, is at the heart of this fight. Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust, on 27 January, the date on which the This is the spirit of UNESCO’s global Soviet soldiers entered the Auschwitz- programme on education about the Birkenau concentration camp in 1945. By Holocaust and genocide, and events this decision, the United Nations affirmed organized this year at UNESCO both the specific character of the Shoah, Headquarters: the “Kristallnacht” the genocide of the Jewish people, as well exhibition from the Shoah Memorial; the as its universal reach. The transmission of #Stolen Memory exhibition presented by this history and the remembrance of all the Bad Arolsen International Tracing the victims of Nazi crimes are a call to Service (ITS); the screening of Claude strengthen nations’ commitment to Lanzmann’s film “The Four Sisters”; and peace. several round table events to transmit and draw lessons from history While the Shoah inspires boundless reflection on the human species, recalling the possibility of the worst, it also carries a memory that must be forward-looking. This is the message that Samuel Pisar, survivor of Auschwitz and former UNESCO Special Envoy for Holocaust and Genocide Education, has been defending all his life: “We have a solemn duty to share with our fellow people the memory of what we endured and learned in body and soul. We must warn our children, Jewish and non- Audrey Azoulay Jewish, that the fanaticism and violence Directrice générale that are spreading in our enflamed world de l’Organisation des Nations Unies again can destroy their universe as they pour l’éducation, la science et la culture once destroyed mine”. Director-General of the United Nations Educational, This is the theme of the International Day Scientific and Cultural Organization in 2018: “Holocaust Remembrance and 5 Journée internationale dédiée à la mémoire des victimes de l’Holocauste International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust Sommaire | Contents Expositions | Exhibitions ... 7 Projection de film | Film screening … 9 Table ronde | Round table … 10 Inauguration de l’exposition | Exhibition opening … 11 Cérémonie | Ceremony … 12 Notes du programme |Programme notes … 13 Biographie des intervenants |Biographies of speakers … 15 Biographie des artistes |Biographies of artists … 22 Campagne #WeRemember |#WeRemember campaign … 28 6 Journée internationale dédiée à la mémoire des victimes de l’Holocauste International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust Exposition | Du 22 janvier au 2 février 2018 Exhibition | 22 January to 2 February 2018 La Nuit de Cristal Kristallnacht Exposition du Mémorial de la Exhibition of the Shoah Shoah Memorial Salles Miró Miró Halls La « Nuit de Cristal » (Kristallnacht en On “Kristallnacht” (sometimes referred to as allemand), appellation métaphorique the Night of Broken Glass), a wave of violence évoquant les innombrables débris de verres against Jews broke out in Germany and issus des vitrines brisées, désigne la nuit du 9 Austria on 9 to 10 November 1938. The au 10 novembre 1938 au cours de laquelle metaphoric name refers to the many pieces of s’est déchaînée une vague de violence contre broken glass from windows that were les Juifs en Allemagne et en Autriche. smashed during the pogrom. Though the Orchestrée par le pouvoir nazi, cette nuit de violence was initiated by the Nazi regime, the terreur est présentée comme une explosion night of destruction was presented as a spontanée de violence populaire en réaction à spontaneous outbreak of violence in reaction l’assassinat à Paris, le 7 novembre 1938, d’un to the assassination of a German embassy secrétaire de l’ambassade d’Allemagne par un employee in Paris by a young Polish Jewish jeune Juif polonais. En provoquant cette man on 7 November 1938. By provoking this première grande manifestation de violence anti-Semitic violence, the Nazis hoped to antisémite, les nazis veulent accélérer hasten the migration of Jews, which was l’émigration des Juifs, jugée trop lente, en considered too slow, despite the dépit de la politique de persécution et implementation of politics of exclusion and d’exclusion mise en œuvre depuis février persecution since February 1933. 1933. L’objectif est atteint. Le nombre de Fulfilling the Nazis’ goal, applications for candidats à l’émigration croît emigration increased significantly after 9 considérablement, après le 9 novembre 1938, November 1938. However, despite the mais au-delà de l’indignation que l’événement indignation that the event caused across the suscite dans le monde, les frontières restent world, borders remained closed, revealing the fermées, révélant l’indifférence de la indifference of the international community communauté internationale au sort des Juifs to the fate of the Jews of Germany and d’Allemagne et d’Autriche et l’incapacité des Austria, and the inability of the democratic États démocratiques à contrecarrer les coups states to counter the violent path of Hitler's de force menés par l’Allemagne de Hitler.
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