I personally experienced the camp for one week in late January/early February, 1944. Transferred here from , where I had been arrested for creating forged documents as a member of the resistance, I arrived after spending two weeks in the Montluc prison where I was tortured. This is where I met the woman who would become my wife. As I was alone, my experience cannot be compared to that of the majority of people, who were there with their families. I wanted to pay tribute to these thousands of massacred families, by honoring the family of my comrade Léa Rohatyn, here now, who with her father, her mother, her ten brothers and sisters, all younger than she was, were deported on February 3, 1944. We were in the same convoy to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Only Léa and one of her sisters returned from the camp.… My comrade Jacques ANNUAL REPORT 2012

Altman, who stayed several months in Drancy and at the Lévitan camp starting in May of 1943, witnessed terrible scenes of people distressed by the departures, the anguished cries of parents, the sobs of children, the many suicides— primarily women—who preferred to end their lives here by slitting their wrists. … This morning, I visited the memorial and the exhibition, where you can see this mosaic of lives that I spoke of. This memorial/museum continues the accounts, and carries our memories forward. Above all, we want it to be a place of education that encourages reflection and knowledge. The survivors do not feel hatred. For several decades, they have given their accounts of what Drancy was, what the Shoah was, with the ultimate goal of preventing racism and anti-Semitism. One of the purposes of this place of history and memory will surely be to raise awareness among young people as to the causes of this tragedy: the abandonment of human rights, Nazism and its ideology, the political organization it created, anti-Semitism, hatred, violence, murder.… I would like to dedicate this place to all those men and women who did not return; this place will be one of the places where their memory dwells. Editorial

rench President François Hollande was personally involved and linked the government to three events that were extremely important for the FFoundation for the Memory of the Shoah: the commemoration of the seventieth anniversary of the Vél d’Hiv , the inauguration of the Shoah Memorial at Drancy and the inauguration of the Memorial Site near Aix-en-Provence.In all three cases our work promoting history and education, accomplished with our partners, was widely acclaimed, confirming that the activities of our Foundation since its inception has enjoyed a broad political consensus. Also underscored was the fact that the struggle against anti-Semitism is more than even a major challenge—the unbearable massacre in Toulouse made this very clear to everyone, including those who were not willing to see it. Today, the challenge is this: to educate, anticipate and fight against prejudice, which is constantly reappearing in new forms, and which, given the current moral and economic crises, could unfortunately lead to outbreaks of violence, particularly against . We are proud of all the projects supported in 2012 (the report includes a comprehensive list) and of the inaugu- rations of the Drancy and Camp des Milles sites, held within a few weeks of each other. These two projects have been major goals since the creation of the Founda- tion for the Memory of the Shoah. These sites do not share the same history, and they propose different approaches to understanding the internment and depor- tation of Jews. Yet their missions in upcoming years will be the same: to explain this history to generations that are increasingly distanced from the events and to work to further ensure that the values of tolerance and respect grown even stronger.

David de Rothschild, President of the Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah

1 Moving forward through renewal

n 2012, we pursued our Foundation’s staff over the fundamental goals: years have constantly grown unfailing support for stronger. Yet it is essential, so I the Shoah Memorial, that we can remain open to particularly the training and new viewpoints and different educational missions, attitudes. and for the creation of the Drancy Memorial; support The Foundation for Shoah survivors in need, is not the representative of which remains a major one political or historical priority; and, as always, the current or another; it is transmission and research constantly guided by the on Shoah history and support interest of all and a quest for Jewish culture and for consensus to the fullest education. extent possible, in terms of its missions. This year, our committees and staff have again worked I would like to thank all together wholeheartedly and those with whom I have with the diligence that has worked over these last inspired us since the creation six years and even before; of the Foundation. we will certainly be meeting After changes in our Board of again, as many have Directors and our Executive offered their assistance Board, we are preparing to in other capacities. Their welcome certain new commitments, competence committee presidents and and experience are among new committee members. In the Foundation’s most keeping with our rules of valuable assets for the good governance, we must accomplishment of our periodically bring in new missions and our people who sit as voluntary responsibilities. members on our boards and who make the decisions concerning our funding of projects.

This renewal process is Philippe Allouche, always difficult, because the Executive Director relationships created between of the Foundation for these people and the the Memory of the Shoah

2 The Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah

The Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah was created in 2000 in recognition of the French govern- ment’s responsibility in the Shoah. The initial endow- ment of €393 million came from the restitution by the government and by certain financial institutions of dormant accounts that had belonged to expropri- ated Jews living in . With the funds generated from this endowment, the Foundation subsidizes the Shoah Memorial, including the Drancy site; supports projects expanding knowledge about the Shoah; provides assistance to survivors in need; and encour- ages the transmission of Jewish culture.

3 8 308 543 243 euros projets An independent

9 and940 044 public-benefit 243 foundationeuros projets

Projects submitted to Key figures the Foundation are evaluated by five committees made up Since its creation, the Foundation of volunteer experts: for the Memory of the Shoah has Solidarity, Memory and financed more than 2,500 projects. Transmission, History of In 2012, more than €9.9 million anti-Semitism and the Shoah, were allocated to 243 projects. Shoah Education, and Jewish Culture. 8 308 543 243 euros projets

Projects recommended by the 9 940 044 7 211 620 7 100committees 000 are submitted to the 35 % 46 % 53% 13 518 371 8 308 543 Foundation’s Executive Board,7 100 000 65 % 54% 38% then to the Board of1 770 Directors. 000 9% 9 940 044 243 euros projets Evolution of the funding granted by the Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah

Montant des subventions SubsidiesEngagements accordées au budget forsur projectsles projets de fonctionnement et d’équipement OperatingBudget de and fonctionnement capital budget du Mémorial de la Shoah foret d the’équipement Memorial of the Shoah du Mémorial de la Shoah

Montant des OperationFonctionnement and investments subventions consacrées foret investissement the Drancy site à des projets pour le site de Drancy

7 211 620 7 100 000 9 940 044 35 % 46 % 53% 13 518 371 8 308 543 7 100 000 65 % 54% 38% 1 770 000 9%

2010: €20,729,991 2011: €15,408,543 2012: €18,810,044

4

Montant des subventions Engagements accordées au budget sur les projets de fonctionnement et d’équipement Budget de fonctionnement du Mémorial de la Shoah et d’équipement du Mémorial de la Shoah

Montant des Fonctionnement subventions consacrées et investissement à des projets pour le site de Drancy Permanent support for the Shoah Memorial

The Foundation covers run by the Shoah Memorial, is more than 80 percent of the notably to host schoolchildren, Shoah Memorial’s operating to explain to them the history and investment budget. of the , set up in the Cité de la Muette, In 2012, this funding represented located just opposite the center. €7.1 million, not including trips to Auschwitz, which were also financed by the Foundation.

This year, subsidies granted to Key figures the Drancy Memorial are also included; they represented nearly This year, the share of funding €1.8 million for 2012. for the Shoah Memorial represents 38 percent of the funding granted One of the purposes of these by the Foundation (excluding Center of History and Memory, specific projects and Drancy).

Evolution in the number of projects handled by the Foundation Projets acceptés ProjetsProjetsProjects refusés ou acceptésaccepted sans suite ProjetsProjects refusésrejected ouor notsans followed suite up

245 217 243

80 86 85

2010: 325 2011: 303 2012: 328 218 245 217 5

95 80 86 Budget for projects: nearly €10 million Key figures for 2012

Distribution of funds per committee

Solidarity Others €3,512,670 €1,509,000

Shoah Jewish Education 9 940 044 Culture*243 €1,041,955 euros €2,070,500projects

Memory and History of Transmission anti-Semitism €1,448,016 and the Shoah €357,903

Distribution of projects per committee

Solidarity Shoah 32 projects Education 57 projects

History of Jewish anti-Semitism 243 Culture* and the Shoah projects 63 projects 42 projects

Memory and Others Transmission 5 projects 44 projects

* Including the Foundation’s participation in projects financed by the Rachel and Jacob Gordin Foundation.

6 One of the priorities of the In terms of Memory Foundation for the Memory and Transmission, the year was of the Shoah is Solidarity marked by support for the Yad with Shoah survivors, which Vashem Institute in to increased 6 percent this year gather the names of Shoah and still represents more victims in Hungary. The than one-third of the funds Foundation also extended funding allocated to projects. In 2012, for associations, particularly to the Foundation for the Memory the Auschwitz Survivors’ Union of the Shoah extended several and to the CERCIL (the Research programs run in partnership and Study Center on the with community institutions. In internment camps of the Loiret) addition, it supports programs in Orléans, which was one of the providing psychological support partners of the Shoah Memorial and fostering social contacts. for the placement of commemorative stelae on the site The Jewish Culture Committee of the Pithiviers and Beaune-la- is the second largest sector of Rolande camps. Furthermore, it intervention for the Foundation continued its policy of audiovisual for the Memory of the Shoah, support. representing approximately 25 percent of the funds The activity of the Shoah allocated in 2012. This year, Education Committee in 2012 the Foundation renewed the once again concerned numerous framework agreement trips to memory sites, including with the Central Consistory. the March of the Living, and It continues to support Jewish trips organized by the Shoah schools, notably the École Memorial, which accounts for Juive Moderne, as well as the more than half of the funding. Community Center. It was also a partner for the The Foundation also helped to major exhibition, “Jews from finance other projects, notably Algeria,” held at the Paris the Aladdin Project targeting the Museum of Jewish Art and Arab and Muslim world (program History. In terms of monitoring for translating works on the anti-Semitism, it continues Shoah, summer university with to support MEMRI (Middle young researchers). In 2012, the East Media Research Foundation expanded its support Institute). to the Jewish Community Protection Service, by The History of anti-Semitism participating in the creation of a and the Shoah Committee temporary fund to help protect promotes research via doctoral schools. The Foundation scholarships and research continues to subsidize the grants. It also funds research CRIF’s memorial initiatives and trips and the organization of efforts to fight anti-Semitism. conferences, and supports a data processing and scanning program of archives.

7 Organization of the Foundation

Honorary Members Affairs, Ministry of (FFDJF) President of the college Social Affairs and Joël Mergui of representatives Health President of the from public EXECUTIVE BOARD Members of the Central Consistory authorities as of June 1, 2013 college of Richard Prasquier Jacques Andréani representatives President Honorary President of French ambassador, from Jewish David de Rothschild the CRIF Ministry of Foreign institutions in Vice Presidents Affairs France Éric de Rothschild Raphaël Esrail President of the François Bernard Pierre Besnainou Richard Prasquier Shoah Memorial Honorary Conseiller President of the United Treasurer d’État, Ministry of Jewish Social Fund Jean-Raphaël Hirsch Roger Cukierman Justice (FSJU) President of the French Committee for Secretary General Gilles Braun Roger Cukierman Alice Tajchman Advisor to the President of the Éric de Rothschild minister, Ministry of Representative Council Members Advisor to the National Education of Jewish Institutions of the college in France President for Norbert Engel of qualified (CRIF) memory Inspector for the personalities , Marc Eisenberg administration of Claire Andrieu Vice President of the President of the Cultural Affairs, Historian, university Foundation until Alliance Israélite Ministry of Culture and professor April 2013. Communications Universelle Raphaël Hadas-Lebel Raphaël Esrail Pierre Lubek Conseiller d’État Honorary financial President of the inspector, Ministry of Auschwitz Survivors’ Simone Economy and Finance Union Halberstadt Harari Jean-François Producer éric Lucas Guthmann Director of Memory, David de Rothschild President of the Heritage and Archives, President of Rothschild Society for Rescuing Ministry of Defense & Cie Banque Children (OSE) BOARD Laurent Touvet Alice Tajchman Serge Klarsfeld OF DIRECTORS Conseiller d’État, Honorary university President of the Ministry of the lecturer Honorary members Associations of Interior Claude Lanzmann, Sons and Daughters Annette Wieviorka Samuel Pisar, Paul Isabelle Yéni of Jews Deported Historian, CNRS Schaffer, Ady Steg Inspector of Social from France research director

ADMINISTRATION Program Associates Communication Joëlle Sebbah Solidarity Pierre Marquis Accounts Directors David Amar Rachel Rimmer Exective Régine Socquet Director Jewish Culture, “Testimonies History of anti- Philippe Allouche Gordin Foundation of the Shoah” Semitism and the Isabelle Cohen series Deputy Director Shoah, Memory and Philippe Weyl Gabrielle Rochmann Memory Transmission and Transmission Assistants Director, Gladys Sroussi Judith Audrey Mayer administration Jewish Culture, Cytrynowicz Administration, and finances Gordin Foundation Logistics, Solidarity Patrick Benarouch History of anti-Semitism Yanique Mervius and the Shoah, Administration, Shoah Education Shoah Education Dominique Trimbur

8 Activities of the Foundation for the Memory of Activites of the F ound a tion for Me m ory S ho h the Shoah

9 Opening of the Shoah Memorial in Drancy

On September 21, 2012, French inhabited and the construction of a President François Hollande museum inside the site could not inaugurated the new Shoah be considered. Based on an idea by Memorial in Drancy. This marked Serge Klarsfeld, the Foundation for the completion of the most the Memory of the Shoah, in important project undertaken to consultation with the Drancy city date by the Foundation for the council, focused on the Memory of the Shoah. construction of a specific building Simone Veil and Serge Klarsfeld across from the Cité de la Muette have supported the creation of a to provide an overview of the museum on the site of the former Drancy camp. In 2006, the internment camp of Drancy since Drancy city council donated the the creation of the Foundation for land, and the Foundation for the the Memory of the Shoah. It is the Memory of the Shoah entrusted most symbolic Shoah site in France the Shoah Memorial with the (63,000 of the 76,000 Jews project’s administration. After an deported from France transited international competition that from here; some remained at selected the project by architect Drancy). Since 1976 the site has Roger Diener, teams from the hosted a commemorative Memorial supervised the monument created by the artist construction of the building and Shlomo Selinger, a former deportee created the permanent exhibit. himself. Several associations The Foundation for the Memory located there including the historic of the Shoah finances the conservatory of Drancy, run by investment and operation, while Raphaël Chemouni, and the the Shoah Memorial will target Auschwitz Memory Fund public and private partners to Assocation (AFMA), presided by ensure its development. Isabelle Choko and Jacques Celiset. Yet a history and education Key figures center was needed that could carry on the work of witnesses Surface area of the new building: and associations, and welcome the 2 500 m2, over four floors public on a broader scale. Investment : €15 millions In 2001, the Cité de la Muette was Operating budget : registered as a protected site €1.4 million and monument of France, both for its architecture (it was created by pioneers of modernist architecture, Marcel Lods and Eugène Beaudouin) and for its history. Unfortunately, it remained

10 Activites of the Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah 63,000 Jews interned at Drancy

The public housing project of which organized the massive La Muette was the first one built deportation of tens of thousands of in France, but had only been used Jews (men, women, children and by gendarmes. It was transformed the elderly) in abominable into a internment camp at the conditions. request of the German authorities who controlled the camp, which During this second phase, Drancy was run by the police and the recorded two periods of intense gendarmerie. deportation and two periods of inaction: During the first phase, which lasted from the roundup of August 20, – July 19 to November 11, 1942 1941 to July 1942, it was initially a 30,000 deportees in 31 convoys, retaliation camp, where internees – no deportations until February 9, were starved and Nazi opponents 1943, for nearly 3 months, were detained, before being – February 9 to March 25, 1943, executed at Mont Valérian. It then 8 convoys with 8,000 deportees, became a transit camp in the early – no deportations between stages of the deportation, via March 26 and June 23, 1943, Compiègne or directly from Drancy, again, nearly 3 months. as was the case for Convoy 3 on June 22, 1942, which transported During the third phase, Drancy women for the first time. was run directly by the SS, while the gendarmes monitored the In July 1942, Drancy entered a access to the camp. From June second phase that lasted through 1943 to , SS captain June of 1943. During this phase, deported 24,000 Drancy was a transit camp under French administration although Jews in 21 convoys. under the control of the , Serge Klarsfeld

12 François Hollande ”Ensure that hope springs from vigilance”

… How to explain the inexplicable? At first, there was the spirit of submission. Orders were orders. The reason of the State had lost its mind, but it was the State. Lucidity gave way to obedience. Anti-Semitism gradually became an opinion, then a sequence of events. Whoever accepted the status of Jews accepted the yellow star; whoever accepted the yellow star accepted Drancy, without necessarily being aware of the aftermath.…

We must learn this lesson for today. Forces are at work challenging human Nothing is insignificant. Every anti- rights around the world; they are not Activites of the F ound a tion for Me m ory S ho h Semitic or racist discourse and act is the same as they were in the past, but unacceptable. Hence the obligation for they have the same goal. They system- all of us—even more for those of us atically place anti-Semitism and hatred leading the government, to remain for others at the center of their obses- unfailingly vigilant.… sions. They want to tear down this institution of tolerance that we have Teaching about the past is the only way inherited from our history. Children of to prevent it from happening again. It is France, never give in to these emo- also the only weapon we have against tions. Fight anti-Semitism and racism indifference, forgetfulness and even with all your might. worse, . In this per- spective, the close partnership between This is the message I give you in the Memorial for the Shoah and the Drancy; freedom does not tolerate any Ministry of Education must accompany negligence or resignation. This is what the inauguration of this new building. I could say is the call of Drancy: to I am asking the minister that, every- ensure that suffering, which has been where and in all establishments, the experienced at the deepest level by Shoah be taught not only from the fifth victims, gives rise to vigilance, our to the ninth grade and during twelfth vigilance, and that beyond vigilance grade, but that it be taught everywhere, comes the still-unachieved hope of without restriction. Its lessons must be the Republic and of equality. discussed in each establishment. Its sin- gularity must never be questioned nor Excerpts of the speech by the French contested. I trust our teachers.… president, September 21, 2012

13 Development of the Shoah Memorial

Since its creation in 2000, the “Children of the Shoah,” “The Foundation for the Memory of Spoliation of French Jews,” the Shoah has reinforced the “Cinema: Year 42” and “New Shoah Memorial budget, Memorial Museums.” Four other facilitating its stated mission of exhibitions were organized in promoting education, external locations. It is one of the documentation, memory and main centers for teaching transmission of the Shoah. schoolchildren about the history of the Shoah. It has developed The creation of the Wall of Names partnerships internationally as well bearing the names of the 76,000 as in France, to promote its Jews deported from France, the activities and offer educational renovation of the museum’s rooms activities, and provide use of its and exhibition spaces, and the exhibition space. building of an auditorium, have transformed the Shoah Memorial Key figures for 2012 into a major European museum, Number of visitors: 205,860 housing an exceptional archival 50,000 schoolchildren visited collection that is constantly growing 4,500 people trained and accessible to researchers. It including 2,800 teachers offers rich and varied cultural 120 cultural events activities, with film projections, 74 venues hosted the traveling discussions, colloquiums and exhibitions of the Shoah Memorial conferences. The Memorial thus hosted four expositions in 2012:

14 Activites of the Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah Initiatives for survivors

Solidarity towards Shoah Memory of the Shoah thus survivors and those who extended its financing to cover the suffered anti-Semitic activities of numerous associations persecutions is one of the that offer cultural events to Shoah primary priorities of the survivors. In particular, it Foundation for the Memory of participated in the opening of the Shoah. Casip-Cojasor‘s Seniors’ Home in Paris’s 12th arrondissement. Activities carried out by Jewish institutions Through programs run by charitable associations, the This activity helps to fund programs sponsored by community Foundation for the Memory of the centers, such as the United Jewish Shoah also participates in Social Fund, the Casip-Cojasor assistance to survivors in Israel and Foundation, OSE (Society for Eastern European countries, where Rescuing Children), and the social and dietary situations are of Rothschild Foundation, and sets up concern. targeted services: listening, orientation, social support, In 2012, the Foundation renewed homecare services, support its partnership with the Latet services for individuals with association to provide food and Alzheimer’s, assisted-living medicine to Shoah survivors in residences, etc. Israel.

The “Constellation” study Figures conducted in 2011 identified other needs, particularly concerning In France: approximately 3,000 social networks to isolation. Shoah survivors currently use In 2012, the Foundation for the services run by Jewish institutions.

16 Using expert panels and intense discus- Jean-Raphaël sions, this program offers legitimate support to unfortunate Shoah survivors, Hirsch Activites of the F ound a tion for Me m ory S ho h while rejecting unfounded requests. “Considerable work to help Yet I have also often expressed great survivors in need” regret that I was unable to gain support for the creation of a house or a refuge Twelve years of work, including six as for hidden children. Regardless of its president of the Solidarity Committee, form, it would have provided comfort to with a strong team of devoted these solitary orphans in their old age. volunteers and a varied set of skills. This refuge could have been the symbol Have we correctly fulfilled our mission, of our unfailing loyalty toward their which is to help survivors as much as we exterminated families. can? One does not recover from the This regret must not obscure the consi- Shoah, but by using intuition and uncon- derable work that has been achieved by ditional loyalty, one can heal some the Foundation since its creation to wounds. This is the reason the Founda- honor the memory of Shoah victims and tion for the Memory of the Shoah called the most destitute of the survivors. on a surgeon and a team of volunteers dedicated to this social cause. The Jean-Raphaël Hirsch, President needs are great, and there is urgency in of the Solidarity Committee, the matter as survivors are disappea- former vice-president of the ring. We have tried to take balanced Hidden Children Association decisions in each case, and carefully studied the requests for programs and projects. Yes, we have been successful, and I am particularly proud to have been involved with the “Passerelles” program.

17 Support for research

The Foundation finances the hundredth year of his birth. It research on the Shoah in was also a partner in the multiple disciplines. international colloquium “Changing Scale. Exploring the Micro-History It finances doctoral and post- of ,” hosted by the doctoral grants, field research, École Normale Supérieur on Rue colloquiums, and funds for Ulm, at the Shoah Memorial and at publishing and translating major the National Archives on the new works. In 2012, the Foundation for location in Pierrefitte-sur-Seine. the Memory of the Shoah supported several colloquiums on Figures the major figures among the Righteous Among the Nations, €8.3 million in support of such as the Abbé Glasberg and research since 2001 Raoul Wallenberg, in celebration of

The Paris art market intermediaries. This work contributes to the research conducted by the during the Occupation Mattéoli Mission concerning the spoliation of Jews of France. It had The INHA (National Institute of Art recommended completing the research History) partnered with the Foundation on art work known collectively as MNR for the Memory of the Shoah to (Musées Nationaux Récupération, art allocate a thesis grant to Emmanuelle work placed under the responsibility of Polack, who works on sales catalogues national museums and claimed published under the Occupation. One returnable) through a more precise aspect of this research consists in study of the art market under the identifying art work taken from Jewish Occupation. families and sold during that time. Polack also supervises the digitization of the sales catalogues dating from 1940 to 1950 to make them accessible online and to assist research concerning the provenance of these art works. During the Occupation, numerous stolen or dispossessed art work from Jews disappeared. Some were directly moved to Germany, while others were forcibly sold or introduced into the art market through various

18 André Kaspi “History is never over” The six years during which I had the honor of presiding the History of anti- Semitism and the Shoah Committee were characterized by numerous developments. Thematically, work submitted to us concerned literature, psychology, phi- losophy and law. It has greatly expanded beyond the field of history. less, we remain interested in studies Geographically, we still primarily aiming at improving our understanding receive applications from abroad, of such genocidal phenomena, and the which is a good thing, as it increases Foundation has always considered that the Foundation’s international profile. its role is not limited to funding studies Unfortunately, this also highlights the on the Shoah, but that it also extends relative shortage of applications from to research dealing with other geno- within France. This stems from struc- cides. tural factors, with the lack of study Overall, I am satisfied with the quality programs on the Shoah in France and of the projects we have supported; a relative disinterest from research indeed, the quality has been improving Activites of the F ound a tion for Me m ory S ho h directors—despite an ongoing and over the years through the seminars strong interest among students. This we organize with our grantholders field of study is, however, difficult in every two years. Current research itself, as it requires knowledge of Ger- results are much more nuanced than in man and Eastern European languages, the past, and we are discovering new as well as laborious research into elements every day. archives. Concerning this issue, I do I therefore remain optimist about the not sense that the situation has future of research on the Shoah: we evolved much over the past few years. have certainly not answered every This exceeds the reach of initiatives question, and future historians will possible by the Foundation for the uncover new unanswered questions Memory of the Shoah. We have often and explore other archive collections. discussed in our committee the possi- History is never over. bility of creating an inter-university center, but as yet, have not found the André Kaspi, President of the right method to do so. Furthermore, History of Anti-Semitism and Shoah we are increasingly contacted about Committee comparative research, particularly concerning the genocide of Tutsis in Rwanda. Personally, I truly believe in the specific nature of the Shoah, which I do not believe is comparable to other geno- cides in terms of its origins, its compo- nents and its consequences. Nevethe-

19 Renovating memorial sites

The Foundation for the Memory groups, as well as the idea of of the Shoah is associated with individual resistance. The Foundation most of the major museographic financed up to 20 percent of this projects concerning the intern- project. It owns the land, which ment and deportation of Jews in ensures the permanence of the France, as well as those revolving memorial vocation of this site. around the rescue of Jews. The Foundation also supports the On September 10, 2012, French activities of the CERCIL (the Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault Research and Study Center for the and Alain Chouraqui, President of the internment camps of the Loiret), Foundation for the Camp des which opened a Memorial Museum Milles-Memory and Education, for the Children of Vel d’Hiv in inaugurated the Camp des Milles Orléans. It contains an exhibit on Memorial Site, alongside an important camps from the Loiret: Pithiviers, delegation of ministers, ambassadors Beaune-la-Rolande and Jargeau and representatives of partner (internment camp for Roma). institutions. The Memorial Site, located in a former tile factory, The Foundation is also a partner includes historical displays, a of the Chambon-sur-Lignon memorial exhibition and an area for memorial site inaugurated in 2013, reflection where visitors can and the Center on the Resistance contemplate the various mechanisms and Deportation History Center in that fostered collective apathy in Lyon, which renovated its permanent response to great suffering, and exhibition and re-opened to the public submission to authority and to in November 2012.

20 Activites of the Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah Support for cultural projects

The transmission of the history Foundation participated financially in of the Shoah is carried out today numerous documentaries, including not only by direct witness Criminal Doctors, the second of accounts, but also via books, Emil Weiss’ trilogy; The Hostage exhibitions, films, DVDs and Children of Bergen-Belsen by Teri plays that high specific points of When Damisch; and Montreuil- view. Bellay: A Forgotten Gypsy Camp by Alexandre Fronty. It has also created In 2012, the Foundation for the a grant for playrights. Theater is also Memory of the Shoah supported supported through funding for plays, Claude Lanzmann’s film Last of the such as Mother of War by Adolphe Unjust in which he re-examines the Nysenholc and The Journal of Anne role of the “Jewish Councils.” This Frank by Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt. film is about Benjamin Murmelstein, who was the “elder of the Jews” in the ghetto-camp of Terezín. The

The children’s block in was created in preparation for a visit by the International Red Cross. Birkenau The Painted Wall was written by Otto B. Kraus and is based on his experience Among the many publications sup- as a educator in the children’s block, ported by the Foundation for the and Landscapes of the City of Death is Memory of the Shoah this year, two by Otto Dov Kulka, one of the few chil- exceptional books written by survivors dren of the block to survive before of the children’s block in the “family becoming a world-renowned historian camps” Birkenau stand out. This camp of anti-Semitism. was based on the Terezín model, which

22 has supported about ten films per year, Annette for a total of over sixty films. Although Wieviorka documentary projects are sparse on the Internet, we can expect that this will be “Each generation finds its a platform of choice in the future, and own forms of expression” we need to pay attention to this devel- opment. What has changed in the landscape of French memory over the past What were the most significant few years? accomplishments realized under We are experiencing change due to the your presidency? inevitable passage of time: there are We provided significant help to the Yad fewer and fewer people who were con- Vashem Institute in for the temporaneous with the event. Grand- completion of the project that is cen- parents of schoolchildren and high tral to its vocation: collecting the school students were most often born names of all the Shoah victims. Our after World War II, and memories are no assistance particularly concerned the longer transmitted directly to children analysis of archives on the assassina- within families. In our country, however, tion of Polish and Hungarian Jews. a large political consensus exists on the This year, funds were provided for importance of the Shoah and the Hungary, as the political context necessity of transmitting its history. threatens the closure of archives and Activites of the F ound a tion for Me m ory S ho h The president of France has confirmed underscores the urgency of this work, this twice, first during the commemo- whereas there are now many Polish ration of the Vel d’Hiv Roundup and historians conducting major work and again at the inauguration of the Drancy uncovering archive collections. In the Memorial. An assessment of the proj- past few years, important memorial ects submitted to our committee site projects have been completed and reveals that there are numerous and inaugurated: the CERCIL Museum for varied vectors of transmissions: the Children of the Vel d’Hiv (January plaques, documentary and fiction films, 2011) in Orléans; the Camp des Milles written testimonies, plays and so on. Memorial Site (September 2012); and the memorial site of Chambon-sur- Are we seeing a revival in modes of Lignon (June 2013). We are also con- memory and transmission? cerned with ensuring the preservation The major debates and controversies and availability of archives holding wit- now appear to be in the past. The ness accounts, such as the Fortunoff Shoah is no longer a major public focus Video Archives at Yale University. as it was in the 1980s and 1990s. Yet the interest of younger generations is Annette Wieviorka, undeniable. Many young filmmakers President of the Memory and propose projects on a vast number of Transmission Committee themes, ranging from family narratives to stories about a place, from the role of executors to that of people who stepped forward to help Jews. Over the past six years, our committee

23 The “Testimonies of the Shoah” series

The Foundation for the Memory of available at the library of the Shoah the Shoah publishes manuscripts by Memorial or can be ordered, either witnesses of the Shoah (deportees, in paper or digital version, on the internees, hidden children, militants’ website: www.manuscrit.com experiences), in partnership with The Foundation sends a copy the publishing house Le Manuscrit. of each book to municipal libraries The texts are selected by a reading and to a selection of libraries at committee presided by Serge universities specializing in the social Klarsfeld. The collection now has sciences. over sixty publications, which are

24 Activites of the Foundation for the Memory of the Shoah Shoah Education

The Foundation encourages ensue. When possible, witnesses the transmission of the participate in this process. history of the Shoah to schoolchildren.

It supports the Shoah Memorial in carrying out its mission and Key figures for 2012 finances school trips as well as training excursions for professors 48 educational trips, including and students. 28 with public schools (9 professional lycées and CFAs) Particular attention is given to the 12 private schools educational preparation for these 8 associations or local communities trips and to the projects that 5,000 schoolchildren and teachers

Assessing the impact purpose is to report on the effects of visiting Auschwitz-Birkenau over the of school trips short- and long-term, in terms of the The Foundation for the Memory of the gain of historical knowledge and the Shoah has supported school trips for perception towards identity and citi- over ten years to the site of Aus- zen constructs, as well as to evaluate chwitz-Birkenau and to other memo- whether these trips are a means to rial sites. While occasional evaluations fight against anti-Semitism. have been conducted on a regular High school students will be inter- basis, it seemed necessary to return to viewed before and after their visit to this question with more depth and to the Auschwitz-Birkenau camp, and launch a longer-term evaluative study. they will then be followed over two The Foundation for the Memory of the years. A control population of high Shoah has thus initiated a partnership school students who have not taken with the Jean-François Champollion this trip and who have the same edu- University Center in Albi to conduct cational and sociological characteris- this study and measure the effects of tics will be interviewed in parallel, school trips to the camp using a using the same methodology. The ini- cohort of about 2,500 high school tial results are expected by 2015. students followed over three years. Its

26 What specific initiatives did the Alice Tajchman Foundation for the Memory of the “Give meaning” Shoah undertake this year? The opening of new sites for educa- Was Shoah Education particularly tion, history and memory in Drancy important in 2012? and the Camp des Milles facilitates Yes, the Minister of Education, efforts to reach a broader range of Vincent Peillon, was alongside the schoolchildren and to offer more President of the French Republic for diverse approaches. We are very the commemoration of the seventieth pleased about this. anniversary of the Vel d’Hiv Roundup Furthermore, the Shoah Education and the inauguration of the Drancy Committee has pursued the work camp. He also attended the inaugura- begun last year on the assessment of tion of the Camp des Milles Memorial Site with the Prime Minister; generally educational trips, which had already speaking, all of the speeches stressed led to study days at the Shoah Memo- the importance of teaching the his- rial in Paris, the ENS in Lyon and the tory of the Shoah and pursuing the Lacaune colloquium. This year, we struggle against anti-Semitism. With entered a more operational phase the introduction of civil and moral with the launch of a study spanning education, it is clear that merely several years; we are working with teaching historical facts is not Ygal Fijalkow to measure the effects Activites of the F ound a tion for Me m ory S ho h enough; the citizens of the future of educational trips on the site of need to learn how to take a step back, Auschwitz-Birkenau—the largest take action and continue asking ques- death camp for Jews during the tions outside of the school setting. Shoah. The implementation and the The creation of “memory and citizen- results of this study should therefore ship reference points” also contrib- nourish the reflection of the commit- utes to this concept of pursuing civic tee in coming years. education more deeply, by fully inte- grating the memorial aspect of history Alice Tajchman, as a way of bringing people together President of the Shoah Education and giving meaning. Committee

27 Transmission of Jewish culture

One of the vocations of the translations of commentaries on the Foundation for the Memory of Talmud into French. It also grants the Shoah is to ensure that particular importance to projects Jewish culture is handed down combating anti-Semitism, including from generation to generation. the current form of anti-Zionism.

This transmission is carried out through a variety of vehicles, particularly education. The Foundation finances educational programs for lecturers, leadership training programs in Jewish youth Key figures for 2012 movements, educational projects for Jewish schools, religious training, € 2.1 million allocated courses and lecture series for the to Jewish education and culture general public. To promote awareness of the major texts about 40 jewish schools financed Jewish tradition, the Foundation for directly or indirectly by the Foundation the Memory of the Shoah funds for the Memory of the Shoah

28 Raphaël Hadas-Lebel “Building on a thousand- year heritage”

The Jewish Culture committee, which I have had the honor of presiding for the past six years, has set itself an essential mission: to transmit and build upon a thousand-year heritage, place outside of schools, such as in entire swathes of which were irrepa- Talmud-Torah, youth movements or rably destroyed during the Shoah. centers offering classes for young This begins with education; we want adults. We are therefore proud to it to be able to transmit traditions and have contributed to the reopening of values that are centuries old, while the House of Yiddish Culture-Medem remaining fully open to today’s Library, so that young generations society. Throughout these six years, can learn Yiddish and reconnect with the culture that was expressed we have thus sought to improve tea- through this language for more than a cher training, particularly with our millennium.

support of the André-Néher Institute. Activites of the F ound a tion for Me m ory S ho h The Foundation also contributed to We have also helped many schools, many diverse cultural projects with including the École Juive Moderne, to support for exhibitions held at the open or restructure to provide an Paris Museum of Jewish Art and His- improved setting for students—as tory, the preservation of great Jewish was done for the Ozar Hatorah libraries, and the publication of semi- network. nal Judaist texts. Our committee has The Rachel and Jacob Gordin Foun- been approached by the Foundation dation, created in 2008 with the for the Memory of the Shoah’s Board active participation of the Foundation of Directors for the purpose of sup- for the Memory of the Shoah, has porting projects that fight anti-Semi- enabled us to pursue our work with tism, notably anti-Semitic and Holo- the main stakeholders and financers caust denial. of Jewish schools, the FSJU (Unified These initiatives—transmission of Jewish Social Fund), Sacta-Rachi, the heritage, revival of formal and infor- Alain de Rothschild Institute and the mal education, support for cultural Harevim Fund, in order to consolidate creations and vigilance against new Jewish schools and help them deve- forms of anti-Semitism—are all com- lop under the best of conditions. plementary aspects that are at the In return for this assistance, we have heart of the Foundation’s missions. requested that these schools commit to signing a code of conduct that calls Raphaël Hadas-Lebel, President of the for the respect of good governance Jewish Culture Committee and an open pedagogical approach. Our committee also wanted to pro- mote educational efforts that take

29 Partnerships with major Jewish institutions

The Foundation for the Memory Memory of the Shoah is one of the of the Shoah supports, as part main contributors to the Jewish of a multiannual projects Community Protection Service framework, the three major (SPCJ), which plays a security role federative institutions of French with respect to Jewish schools, Judaism—FSJU, the CRIF and religious sites and community the Paris Consistory. institutions.

The agreement with the FSJU Since 2008, the main financers includes both social and cultural of Jewish education have been aspects (financing of the online working within the framework Akadem campus). The agreement of the Rachel and Jacob Gordin with the CRIF focuses in particular Foundation, which funds on combating anti­-Semitism, renovations of Jewish schools. whereas the agreement with the The Gordin Foundation, housed Consistory deals with education, by the FMS and presided by the development of programs for David de Rothschild, has fostered youth and the improvement of a close working relationship with rabbinical training. the FSJU. In addition, the Foundation for the

30 Preserving the endowment

The financial committee ensures the preservation of the endowment’s value, offers its opinion on major projects and defines the procedures for monitoring the use of funds.

bers, who are all experts in their fields. Hervé-Adrien Our other responsibility concerns Metzger projects: we ensure that they are coherent, in terms of their content, “Remain vigilant” the expected impact and the resources the Foundation provides. What does it mean to you to have We provide recommendations to the been appointed President of the Foundation’s Board of Directors, Financial Committee? which of course makes the final deci- I am extremely honored to have been sions, by aiming to provide informa- given this mission. It is deeply meaning- tion on the relevance and the balance ful for me. First of all, on a personal in the allocation of resources. level, it is a way of connecting with the Jewish origins of my family, which What is the approach to financing

converted after the war after returning Activites of the F ound a tion for Me m ory S ho h projects? from the camps, as if to turn the page Our resources are limited and valuable, on a painful past. In a way, it is a chal- and, due to the source of our funds, we lenge. But it is also a coherent commit- ment at a professional level. After an expect maximum rigor in project mana- extensive career at the French Court of gement: any waste means fewer Auditors and working for the govern- resources for other projects. We are ment, I am pleased to serve the collec- particularly vigilant on recurring pro- tive interests in a different way, by jects, which involved a long-term com- contributing to this immense task that mitment on the part of the Foundation. is the memory the Shoah. They need to be assessed regularly, to ensure that resource use complies with How does the Financial Committee the desired goals. operate? We must also ensure that project spon- Our primary responsibility is to pre- sors diversify their sources of funding: serve the Foundation’s ability to act, the needs are great and the Foundation which depends on the income derived cannot always be the only one provi- from the endowment: we must thus ding support. Naturally, all the financed ensure a delicate balance between projects are legitimate, but improve- the initiative required to be able to ments can sometimes be made in the finance the maximum number of pro- methods of operation. Our committee jects, and risk-management, to gua- must stay the course, and we will rantee a financial basis for these pro- remain vigilant. jects. In this regard, I am delighted with the diversity and total comple- Hervé-Adrien Metzger, mentarity of the committee’s mem- President of the Financial Committee

31

David BenIchou, Anne-Carole Bensadon, Gérard Brami, Solidarity FrancisNeher, Catherine Schulmann-Khaïat, Gilles Brücker, Lucien Jibert, Andrée Katz, Memberscommittee of the Yves Wolmark, Nathalie Zajde Committee Program Associate Jean-Raphaël Hirsch David Amar President

projects supported in 2012 Listening and Cercle Bernard Lazare healthcare insurance free glasses provided Casip-Cojasor The Foundation “Beautiful summer” social support for the Benefit FSJU Amea platform and Geriatric of Café des Délices Program of social services in Israel Casim events Social support for USJF-Farband Long-term care at Social action for the Résidence des Nazi victims Shoah survivors and Construction Oliviers and suffering from beneficiaries Alzheimer’s Alzheimer’s Casip-Cojasor and equipment outpatient care Welfare Center Hesed Casim Avraham Intergenerational Renovation and psychological unit upgrading of buildings Caretakers and Support for Georges Devereux Medem-Arbeiter Center Ring Center social activities survivors in Eastern Europe “Listening, Memory Renovation and at EHPAD and History” safety upgrade “Kesher” program in cooperation OSE Bernard Lazare Center Casip-Cojasor with the Social care at the Homecare “Tikva” program American Joint Elio Habib Health Rothschild Foundation Social and medical Home care Center support Adiam OSE Support for Jewish community of Home visitors and survivors in Latvia Cultural and additional homecare Israel Social and medical service hours social activities support Psychological Casim Jewish community of Program of social support in Netanya Lithuania events Home-based services Amcha Association of former Logivitae members and “Stay strong supporters of the OSE Emergency together” social support Bluma Fiszer Center assistance Elah for seniors and culture Emergency fund Emergency Casip-Cojasor FSJU assistance Program of activities (food packages, Medem-Arbeiter Ring Health medical aid, etc.) Center insurance Latet Program of activities Complementary “Clear sight”

34 and the Shoah and anti-Semitism History of CatherineNicault, ChristianOppetit,Ralph Schor, Laurent Joly, Michael Marrus, Chantal Metzger, Wolfgang Seibel, ClaudeSinger, Yves Ternon Anny Dayan-Rosenman, Ilan Greilsammer, Members of thecommittee Committee Program Associate Dominique Trimbur André Kaspi President

projects supported in 2012 from the Liberation to 1967” Simon Perego Center for History at , Paris “Szymon Datner: Witness and Historian of ” Katrin Stoll German Historical Institute in Warsaw, Poland “Space as a Weapon of Survival: Study of Spacial Tactics Used by People of Jewish Origins During the Nazi Occupation of Warsaw (1939- Doctoral grants From France” French Internment 1945)” Henning Fauser Camps and Children’s Anna Zdanowicz “Friends of the Paris I University Homes, 1939-1945” Paris VIII University Jews: Collective Émilie Lochy “The SS Policies of Biography of Jews in Paris X University Postdoctoral Ideological training: ” grants and Suzanne Beer Discourse and “Displaced Persons University of Duisburg- Practices of the in French-Occupied research Essen, Germany ‘Weltanschauliche Zones in Germany Schulung,’ and , “Siegfried Kracauer: “Performance Arts 1933-1945” 1945-1955” Letters from Exile” and Yiddish David Gallo Julia Maspero Stéphanie Baumann Entertainment in Paris IV University Paris I University Paris IV University Post-War Paris “What Role(s) Does (1945-1965)” “The Inmate “The Genesis of Society of Racial Feminism: The the Shoah History Éléonore Biezunski Play in the EHESS, Paris Theresienstadt: Example of the A Laboratory German Author and Contemporary Media “In the Shadow of of the Middle Journalist Sophie Debat? Source of Auschwitz: Violence Class, Social Rogge-Börner Information, Expert Against Ethnic Poles, History of the (1878-1955)” or a Person Raising 1939-1945” Theresienstadt Jennifer Meyer Awareness With a Daniel Brewing Transit Ghetto, Erfurt University, View to Official University of Stuttgart, 1941-1945” Germany Apologies: The Germany Anna Hajkova École normale Commission of Historians Run in “Terrors, Pogroms University of Toronto, supérieure, Lyon Canada Switzerland by and Peasant “Erri De Luca, Professor Jean- Insurrections: “Between Taboo and From Translation to François Bergier Violence on the the Duty of Memory: Writing” (2002-2012)” Domestic Front of Jewish Élise Montel Alexandra Ukraine During the Representations of University of Poitiers Herfroy-Mischler Revolution and the the Shoah in “The Jewish Labor Hebrew University of Civil War (1917- Czechoslovakia After Committee and the Jerusalem, Israel 1922)” 1945” Reconstruction of “Compensation: Thomas Chopard Peter Hallama the Jewish Does Money Matter? EHESS, Paris University of Munich, Community in About the Dynamics Germany “The Origins and Europe, 1942-1954” Between Family Early Developments “Literary Memory of Constance Pâris Narratives and of the World Jewish the Shoah in the de Bollardière Memory Politics” Congress” USSR” EHESS, Paris Nicole Immler Emmanuel Deonna Ksenia Kovrigina Utrecht University, “The Experience of University of Lausanne, Paris VIII University Netherlands World War II: Switzerland “Birds of Passage: Memories and “Friedrich Wilhelm “Images of Germany Drawings and Representations in Krüger: Biography” and Germans among Writings by Jewish the Jewish Nicolas Patin people deported Children Made in Community in Paris Paris X University

36 “The Anti-Semitism Genocide of the proceedings IHMC, CNRS, ENS of Martin Heidegger Rwandan Tutsis: Primo Levi Association Swedish Embassy (1889-1976): Ethnographic Jews in Arab Between History and Laboratory at the “Alexandre Glasberg Countries: The Great Philosophy” Kigali Central Prison (1902-1981), Priest, Uprooting From 1850 Guillaume Payen Violaine Baraduc Resistance Fighter to 1975 Paris I University EHESS, Paris and Militant” Georges Bensoussan Lyon III University “The Art Market in Anti-Semitism Éditions Tallandier Paris During the and Xenophobia “Germany-Israel/ Teaching Nazism and Occupation” in the Wine-growing Palestine the Shoah: Emmanuelle Polack area of Southern From 1945 to the A Comparative Study Inha, Paris France from 1880 Present” of Schoolbooks in to 1914 Paris X University “The Despoliation of Europe Solange de Freminville “Corporate Private and Bertrand Lécureur projects supported in 2012 EHESS, Paris Associative Libraries” Georg-Eckert Institute Liability for Human Cécile Robin Represent the Shoah Rights Violations: English translation Jimin Son or the Antifascist A New Relationship and online Inha, Paris Resistance of the between Law publication of a Czechs? Terezín as and History?” series of articles on an Ambiguous Site of Tel Aviv University Research trips the history of Memory Singular Destiny of anti-Semitism and Peter Hallama Archives Deported Jews: the Shoah University of Munich, Theater in the La Vie des Idées Indexing of digitized Germany Camps Books and Ideas archives of refugees Claire Audhuy Space and Memory: in France during University of Graphic and Mental Symposia and World War II Mapping of Treblinka conferences French Office for the A Study of the Annika Wienert Protection of Refugees Righteous Among University of Bochum, “Changing Scale. and Stateless Persons the Nations in the Germany Exploring the Rhône-Alpes Region Micro-History of the from a Support for Holocaust” Prosopographic Institute of modern and Perspective publications contemporary history, Cindy Banse and translations CNRS, ENS Lyon III University Publication of the “Raoul Wallenberg “Mapping” Crimes “Language, Speech 1902–2012, Saving Committed by and Politics” Hungarian Jews” Women during the symposium Irice, Paris I University

37

Committee

Memory and projects supported in 2012 Transmission

President Annette Wieviorka

Members of the committee Audrey Azoulay, Claude Bochurberg, Henri Borlant, Tal Bruttmann, Zeev Gourarier, Jean-Claude Grumberg, Esther Hoffenberg, Michel Laffitte, Olivier Lalieu, Marcello Pezzetti, Laurent Veyssière, Joseph Zimet

Program Associate Judith Cytrynowicz Rachel Rimmer (interim from July 2012 to January 2013) Audiovisual I Dreamed of by Gilles Rozier Theater Armenia Éditions Denoël productions Jean-Pierre Carlon The Journal Les Productions Henry Bulawko: of Anne Frank A Lycée Under the Life After Life Occupation du lagon Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt Gérard Huber Théâtre Rive Gauche Claude Ventura Kinderlekh Le Bord de l’Eau Flach Film Production Audrey Gordon Éditions Mother of War The Shadows Éditions Art Vidéo Adolphe Nysenholc The Thousand Spectacle musical Leïla Ferault-Lévy The Miracle of Bix Films Mouths of Anima et Cie Silence Mankind Criminal Doctors Serge Korber Volume 2 of the Music During the at Auschwitz Ciné Développement complete works of Occupation and in Emil Weiss Montreuil-Bellay: Bruno Durocher the Extermination Camps Michkan World A Forgotten Gypsy Éditions Caractères Productions Camp Cité de la Musique The Painted Wall The Last Human Alexandre Fronty Dreams and Lies: Otto B. Kraus Being Zoulou Compagnie When History Pierre-Henry Salfati followed by the Surfaces Sequoia Films Publications essay Illusion and Association Une Hope Catherine Coquio Histoire de Château The Last of the The Fifth Gospel Éditions L’Arachnéen Unjust Slobodan Snajder Museums Claude Lanzmann Maison d’Europe Landscapes of the Synecdoche et d’Orient City of Death and memorials Otto Dov Kulka Éditions l’Espace Creation of the The Child Hostages French translation by d’un Instant Shoah Memorial, of Bergen-Belsen Pierre-Emmanuel Teri Wehn-Damisch Drancy Children of the Dauzat Cineteve Shoah Memorial Shoah: The Éditions Albin Michel Hélène Berr, Deportation Memorial museum A Young Girl in of Jewish and The Shoah: for the children of Occupied Paris Gypsy Children of Inheriting Silence Vel d’Hiv in Orléans Jérôme Prieur France Pierre Lubek Start-up funding Melisande Films André Rosenberg Éditions des Rosiers CERCIL Éditions de Paris I was Hitler’s Special issue of Restoration of the neighbor The Wilno Ghetto Tenou’a magazine, permanent exhibition Bertil Scali 1941-1944 Yom HaShoah Resistance and and François Bordes Avrom Sutskever Liberal Jewish Deportation History Kuiv Productions French translation Movement of France Center, Lyon

40 Memory Installation of an Transportation provided Henry Bulawko space interactive terminal to survivors of the Vel Cercle Bernard Lazare Construction of at the Ninth Fort d’Hiv Roundup living in “Convoy 6 - one train commemorative museum in Kaunas Israel, Foundation for stelae at Pithiviers (Lithuania) the Memory of the among many others” and Beaune-la- Friends and Family of Shoah Association for the Rolande the Deportees of Memory of Convoy 6 Shoah Mémorial Convoy 73 Commemoration of Yom HaShoah Meeting as part of Placement of a Distribution of the at Yad Vashem the centennial events commemorative Memorial to the Participation of the for the OSE plaque at the Nîmes Jews Deported from grandchilden of the OSE train station to the France, published by Righteous Among the memory of Jewish the Sons and Organization of a Nations, conference on the children deported Daughters of Jews France Israel from the Gard Deported from Rue Amelot projects supported in 2012 Grumbach community France Memorial for the Committee center, Nîmes Foundation for the Spanish Jews Centre Medem- Memory of the Shoah deported from Arbeiter Ring Placement of a France commemorative Commemoration Muestros plaques of the 70th Dezaparesidos Jewish cultural anniversary of the association of Nancy Vel d’Hiv Roundup Inauguration of the

41 Publications in the series “Testimonies of the Shoah”

President of the reading committee Members of the reading committee Serge Klarsfeld Henri Borlant, Isabelle Choko, Program Associate, Olivier Coquard, Katy Hazan, director of the series Dominique Missika, Denis Peschanski, Philippe Weyl , Annette Zaidman

Passeport sorted the clothing of assassinated deportees, before being transferred to the for Auschwitz Zschopau work camp (Saxony, Germany). Letters from a doctor in As the Alllies approached in April 1945, the the Drancy camp forced women laborers were packed in a train heading to a death camp. Odette took her fate in her own hands at that moment Zacharie Mass and escaped by jumping from the train. Preface by Tunisian Jews under the Yoke of the Nazis Dr. Mass, interned in the Drancy transit (November 8, 1942– camp from October 16, 1941 to July 31, 1943, wrote 80 letters to his wife. May 8, 1943) They provide insights into the life of a doctor from the working-class town of Texts collected, Maisons-Alfort, and reveal unknown presented and aspects of the Drancy camp from an annotated by insider’s viewpoint. Claude Nataf

I Jumped from the Train On the eve of World War II, 90,000 Jews Fragments were living in Tunisia. On November 9, 1942, the Nazis invaded the country. During the Odette Spingarn six-month occupation, from November 1942 to May 1943, they organized roundups; the largest one took place in Tunis. In all, nearly 5,000 Jews were sent to forced labor camps. The first deportations to Arrested with her parents on March 31, camps in Europe began in April of 1943. In 1994, in a village in the Corrèze region, this third volume of the series on Tunisian Odette Spingarn began a long odyssey: Jews, Claude Nataf presents various the Périgueux barracks, Drancy and witness accounts on the fate of the Jewish Birkenau, where her mother died. Odette communities of Tunis, Sousse and Sfax and was assigned to “Kanada,” where she on several work camps, including Bizerte.

42 Survival of a Jew in memoirs—that of a modest, courageous and upright man, who had a lasting impact Radom During the Shoah on the focus of the OSE’s activities. Szyja Opatowski The Righteous Who Saved My Family B OO Ks pu b lished in 2012 Jean Henrion Szyja Opatowski, nicknamed Samy, was Preface 17 years old when German troops invaded by Paul Schaffer Poland in September of 1939. Thus began this young Jewish boy’s long battle for survival, a constant struggle to escape With clarity and intelligence, Jean Henrion extermination. In April 1940, Samy was reproduces the seven years of research that deported to Belzec, then a work camp, on successfully singled out four of the the border of the USSR. Here, his analytical Righteous Among the Nations: Pierre skills, his resourcefulness and his Fouchier, , Hélène Schweitzer extraordinary instincts helped him to (Rosenberg) and Édith Cérézuelle—the survive. Caught up in one of the “death Righteous who saved him and his family. He marches” from Dachau, where his chaotic described the difficulties he faced during the path had taken him, he managed to escape. work, but also expresses his gratitude. And he hid with a local resident for two days, awaiting his liberation by the I Can Still See … Americans—in the company of German soldiers who had deserted. A Polish-Jewish Child in the Nazi Torment The Rescue of Jewish Children by the OSE Henri Rozen- Rechelsnazie Georges Garel Preface by Annette Wieviorka With the participation of Katy Hazan Henri, born in Demblin in 1933, lived through the Nazi invasion, the persecutions, the This text includes the re-edition of war first deportation of Jews from his city— memoirs by Georges Garel, a man who which included his sister and his brother— decided to dedicate his life to the Jewish the , the disappearance children pursued during World War II and of his father, who was summoned to the who founded a secret network of escape Kommandantur, and the second routes within the OSE (Society for the deportation, which he narrowly avoided. Rescue of Children). The text is annotated Yet he did not escape the Demblin work by the historian Katy Hazan, who studied camp, nor that of Czestochowa, where the underground railways created by the he was deported with his grandfather, OSE, region by region. Texts by Lili Garel, nor the Buchenwald concentration camp. Georges’s wife, her seven children and two Finally, he was liberated from the Terezín grandchildren complete this portrait of an ghetto camp, after a three-week convoy exceptional man that emerges from these that his grandfather did not survive.

43

Committee

Shoah projects supported in 2012 Education

President Alice Tajchman

Members of the committee Georges Benguigui, Pierre-Jérôme Biscarat, Gilles Braun, Raphaël Esrail, Philippe Joutard, Jean-Pierre Lauby, Thomas Morin, Iannis Roder

Program Associate Dominique Trimbur Lycée professionnel Louise Labé Lyon, Rhône “1943, Jewish resistance to Nazism” Lycée Victor Duruy Mont-de-Marsan, Landes “Prague-Krakow- Auschwitz: itinerary of a bitter memory” Lycée de la Communication Metz, Moselle “20 years old in 2015, a trip to Auschwitz” Association Au Carré de l’Hypoténuse Nantes, Loire- Atlantique Study School trips of ” Lycée Bristol “In the footsteps of Assessing the School trips and Cannes, Alpes-Maritimes the Shoah” impact of school teacher training: Lycée Jean Macé trips to Auschwitz 2012 /2013 campaign “European citizen Niort, Deux-Sèvres week: share your over three years Shoah Memorial past, construct your “The Shoah in Jean-François “From destruction to identity” Europe and in Champollion university, renaissance” Lycée La Bretonnière Poland” Albi March of the Living Chailly-en-Brie, Centre de Formation Seine-et-Marne des Apprentis du Loiret Teacher “Jewish life and the Orléans, Loiret and student Shoah in Poland” School trip: “The Lycée Saint-Martin, paths of memory” “Itinerary of the training Lycée général et Coutances, Manche deportees and the duty of memory” Memory trip for technologique School trip Lycée Joseph Marie medical students Mongazon Lycée Anna de Noailles Jacquard Association of Angers, Maine-et-Loire Évian-les-Bains, Oullins, Rhône Jewish Doctors in “Memory of the Haute-Savoie France, Shoah and the “History and Paris Resistance” “Collaboration and memory” resistance to the Lycée Paul Painlevé Training seminar Lycée Henri Bergson Angers, Maine-et-Loire Shoah” Oyonnax, Ain on the history Centre de formation “Train of memory” of the Shoah “Memory of World des apprentis de Foix Association éducative and Nazi War II and the Shoah” Foix, Ariège persecutions Collège du Bugey Notre-Dame-de-Sion for young European Belley, Ain “Austria during the Paris Roma and Third Reich” “Being Jewish in Trip to Auschwitz antiracist leaders Lycée Louis Aragon in the 20th Aumônerie israélite European Grassroots Givors, Rhône century” des armées, Paris Antiracist Movement Lycée History, memory, Trip to Poland “Poland, site of Bischheim, Bas-Rhin transmission Beth Elicheva memory” Collège Paul Sixdenier Paris “Shoah: Beth Rivka Yerres Hauteville, Ain History, memory and “History, University Institute transmission” Study and memory memory for Teaching Training, Lycée François Magendie trip and transmission” Essonne Bordeaux, Gironde Conseil général Écoles Ozar Hatorah Seminar du Rhône Paris, Créteil, “The Shoah. “Nuremberg: Lyon, Rhône Sarcelles The propaganda” the memory of “History and memory Collège Lamartine School trip to Poland Nazism and the trial of the Shoah, Cambrai, Nord École Sinaï, Paris of a regime” itineraries of Irice “Itinerary of a child deportees” “Jews in France,

46 victims of the Quimper, Finistère Centre de formation Audiovisual Shoah” Memory trip des apprentis productions Lycée professionnel Deportation, Pierre Paul Riquet Jean Drouant persecutions, memory Toulouse, DVD Internment Paris Ris-Orangis, Essonne Haute-Garonne Camps in Southern France: Between “Memory of a School trip “Divisions and people” reconciliation History and Memory Lycée professionnel (1939-1944) Lycée Lucien de Hirsch Sainte Colombe among European Paris people from Association Saint-Denis-lès-Sens, Mémoires: “The life and Yonne World War I to the present” les Juifs dans education of children la Résistance, “Soissons- Collège during the Shoah” Auschwitz: a Toulouse Lycées Ozar Hatorah Louis Pasteur one-way trip with no Villemomble,

Paris, Créteil projects supported in 2012 return” Seine-Saint-Denis Theater Nazi propaganda and Lycée Saint-Rémy Children’s Suitcases, School trip to Poland manipulation of Soissons, Aisne performance of the Lycée ORT public opinion, play at the 2012 Memory trip: Villiers-le-Bel, Terezín and Prague “Seeing to Festival Val-d’Oise Lycée professionnel understand and bear d’Avignon 2012 René Cassin, Paris witness” Educational Compagnie Pipa Sol “In the footsteps of École Beth Hanna European Jews in Strasbourg, Bas-Rhin projects Poland” “Judaism and the Support for the Lycée Yabne Jews in France in the distribution of a Paris 20th century” brochure AMEJD Lorraine “History and a work Institution la doctrine of memory” chrétienne Exposition: Action citoyenne Strasbourg, Bas-Rhin “In the footsteps of jeunesse et mémoire “In the footsteps of a photograph” Saint-Maur-des- the Shoah” Association Yad Fossés, Val-de-Marne Lycée de la Versoie Layeled, Paris “Krakow-Auschwitz: Thonon-les-Bains, Fourth Wheel of memory of the Haute-Savoie Memory genocide” “The genocidal Les Sentiers de la Lycée de Cornouaille process” mémoire, Coutances

47

Committee

Jewish projects supported in 2012 Culture

President Raphaël Hadas-Lebel

Members of the committee Miriam Barkaï, Michael Bar-Zvi, Rachel Cohen, Raphaël Draï, Benjamin Gross, Olivier Kaufmann, Laurence Sigal, Perrine Simon-Nahum, Meïr Waintrater, Nathan Weinstock

Program Associate Isabelle Cohen of Africa Edith Bruder French translation Éditions Albin Michel Sinaitic topics Raphaël Draï Éditions Hermann Walter Benjamin Cahiers de l’Herne Training Seminars on Judaism for public school teachers and trainers Alliance Israélite Universelle Eighth pedagogical day Association of directors of Jewish schools in France Training for leading scholars in Jewish Emeric Kabbalistic Hebrew commentary subjects manuscripts in the Translation and “Beth”program Deutsch BNF publication Machon André and Rina Néher doctoral grant Author of haTalmud Hashalem Institute commentaries Digital publication of Training of Gersonides’s Cristina Ciucu Commentary on the the series, “The Ten professors in Jewish Book of Daniel: Thirty major figures Commandments” education Eschatology, History Archives de la Mémoire éditions Verdier “Hé” program and Messianism of a Sépharade Les Belles-Lettres André and Rina Néher Institute Rationalist Jewish Survey Mishpatim, Philosopher the Foundation of Associative Noémie Issan Benchimol National survey on Hebrew Law: The École pratique des associative Knowledge of Rashi and cultural hautes études, Paris governance Rav Shaoul activities Council of Jewish David Botschko 2012 summer Exhibitions Communities in Keren Milgot university Ile-de-France lehizouk Hatorah “Izak Rejzman, a look Aki Estamos Judeo- at the Yiddish world” Publications Eva Golgevit sings Spanish summer Cercle Bernard Lazare again: popular university and support Yiddish songs and “Jews from Algeria” Jewish graduate poems Paris Museum of for translation study program in Book/CD, Anima et Cie Jewish Arts and One Hudred Sites of Bordeaux: third year History Jewish Memory in Isaac Bashevis Singer Jewish cultural “Jews of the Cahiers de l’Herne association of Gironde Genrich Agranovski , history and J.D. Kirszenbaum: Cycle of classes and Irina Guzenberg culture” The Lost Generation “Being Jewish Vilna Gaon State Judeo-Alsatian Nathan Diament today” Jewish Museum Museum of Bouxwiller Éditions Somogy Beth Hillel, Yeshiva of The Civilization of students To Let in More Light Archives Judaism and Rav Jonathan Sandler Training in Judaism Purveyors of Scanning, cataloging Éditions Kountrass and its values Knowledge From the and online through art Orient conference The Secrets of publication of the Bné Akiva of France musical archives proceedings the Creation of the of the synagogues of coll. Bibliothèque State of Israel: Beth Halimoud adults La Victoire and des Fondations Journal 1947-1949 and Oulpan éditions de l’éclat David Ben Gourion Centre Communautaire Neuilly Éditions de la Martinière de Paris European Institute for Jonathan de Lunel’s Jewish Music Talmudic The Black Jews Cultural activities

50 Judeo-Spanish culture the Five Scrolls Tunisian Jews Arab-Muslim world center Al Syete Revivim, Strasbourg “German Jewish Aladdin Project E-learning programs Cultural activities for thinkers, Heidegger Prevention and safety for children and French-speakers and the social program adults Popular University of sciences: the debt SPCJ French rabbinate Jerusalem and the distance ” research and Emmanuel Levinas Emergency fund for development center Education International Society the safety of Jewish schools Special Neshama for Research Creation of a virtual SPCJ chair in the class for disabled Combating Talmud and students Projects psychosociology: Neshama anti-Semitism “Perpetuating Beth Rivkah, Yerres and support supported via the work of Education through for intercultural the Gordin projects supported in 2012 Emeric Deutsch” architecture Foundation Eretz Hemdah, Informal educational dialogue Institute of advanced project in the middle A friendship Tour de Support for Jewish studies school, Beit Project France reconstruction Chné Or school Residency program: Expansion of the French Judeo-Muslim Aubervilliers Yiddisher Fantaisie school Friendship Espace Hillel, Lyon École juive moderne, Actions in the fields Support for Paris Cycle of courses of memory, the fight reconstruction Institute against anti-Semitism Cohen-Tenoudji school, Symposia and intercultural and Savigny-sur-Orge “European itineraries “Bernard Lazare” inter-religious Support for the of Jewish heritage” Cercle Bernard Lazare dialogue European Jewish CRIF purchase of property culture and heritage “Study of popular Merkaz Hatorah, days Jewish traditions Le Droit de vivre, Gagny in Europe (19th- special issue on the Support for Seventh summer 20th centuries): education of university on Yiddish networks, methods citizenship, against restructuring the language and and practices” racism and anti- Ozar Hatorah literature Paris III University Semitism network House of Yiddish LICRA Ozar Hatorah “Workshop in Culture homage to Projects on Emergency fund for Inauguration of a Jacques Taïeb” knowledge of the the safety of schools cycle of courses on Historical Society of Shoah geared to the SPCJ

51

Financial Committee

President Hervé-Adrien Metzger

Members of the committee Anton Brender, Claude-, Marc El Nouchi, Jean-François Guthmann, Jean-Claude Hirel, Nelly Léonhardt, André Levy-Lang, Marcel Nicolaï Mémoires Vives radio program on RCJ

The Foundation for the Memory of the Every week, the program features men Shoah broadcasts a radio program on and women who are working to link RCJ (94.8 FM in Paris) every Sunday memory spanning time and generations, from 1pm to 1:30pm. This show, anchored based on contemporary reality along with by Perrine Kervran, Eve Szeftel and Kris- with concern for the future. tel Le Pollotec, is prepared by Rachel Rimmer. It discusses numerous initiatives related to the memory of the Shoah and All the programs can be heard at the transmission of Judaism. www.memoiresvives.net

Visuels

Colle ction : photos Mass

Bobigny ?

Arménie ? cil ? L’Ile adolf ? voir avec cer

54 Aurigny Island Deportation to Adolf Island screenwriter SergeLascar, Guest: The lawof my land history lecturer incontemporary Ivan Jablonka, Guest: have grandparents Ididn’t The story of the curator historian, exhibition Guest: Katy Hazan, ahead of its time” “The OSE, anNGO author anddirector Guest: Gérald Garutti, a Violin Haim intheLight of Spire, translator Guest: Marie-Brunette by Israël Zangwill ghetto, Children of the translators and ArthurLangerman, Guests:Ariel Sion byAleikhem Sholem Eternal life, director Klein, primaryschool France, andLaurent director of Yad Layeled GalithTouati,Guests: photograph” “In thefootsteps of a city of Bobigny project director for the Guest: AnneBourgon, into amemorial Bobigny train station Conversion of the writer, former deportee JosephBialot, Guest: Joseph Bialot Encounter with Foundation the BrusselsAuschwitz professor anddirector of Mesnard, university Philippe Guest: passes Primo Levi, Kichelewski, historian Guest: Audrey Warsaw ghetto The Archives of the 2012 broadcast in Programs

a witness

daughter of Dr. Mass, Mass, Gabrielle Guests: Zacharie Mass Letters by Georges Devereux and at the Centre ParisUniversity VIII psychology lecturer at Guest: Nathalie Zajde, France Hidden children in of theAladdinProject Revcolevschi, president Guest: Anne-Marie in Turkey The AladdinProject Fronty, director Guest: Alexandre camp A Montreuil-Bellay: Laffitte, historians Wieviorka andMichel Guests: Annette camp Inside theDrancy documentary filmmaker Tarnero, essayist and Guest: Jacques Israel illegitimate? A nametoo many: philosophy researcher inpolitical Rabinovitch, CNRS Gérard Guest: funny? And you thinkthat’s Memorial director of the Shoah Guest: JacquesFredj, MemorialThe Shoah directors and Ludmila Melnikova, Guests:Patrick Viret forgotten gypsy

Vassili Grossman, Jarassé, arthistorian author, andDominique JeanBernheim, Guest: Jewish painting Edouard Moyse and historian and MichelLaffitte, History of the OSE, director Guest:Marc Tavernier, Compiègne’s Camp C the film historian, co-authorof director, MichelLaffitte, Guests:Philippe Saada, the edgeof Paris Drancy, acampat director of the CERCIL Nathalie Grenon, Guest: I was ahiddenchild My nameisIsaacand d’histoire dela Shoah director of La Revue Bensoussan, historian, Georges Guest: Uprooting Countries: TheGreat Jews inArab Shoah Memorial exhibition curators at the Jean-Yves Potel, Nagiscarde and Sophie Guests: Shoah” “Children of the des MillesFoundation president of the Camp Guest:Alain Chouraqui, Memorial Site The Camp desMilles Anissimov, writer Guest: Myriam an activist author

Debono, historian Guest: Emmanuel anti-racism The LICA: originsof Carlon, director Guest: Jean-Pierre Armenia I dreamed of the film writer andco-authorof Guest: AlainBlottière, Tommy They calledhim of TunisianJews Historicalthe Society historian, president of Guest:Nataf, Claude under theNaziyoke Jewsin Tunisia director of the CHRD Guest: IsabelleRivé, Center inLyon Deportation History Resistance and The reopening of the Talmudist philosopher and Guest:Benjamin Gross, The Breath of Life Executive Director Philippe Allouche, of theFMS and Rothschild, President Guests: David de Drancy Memorial Inauguration of the the MAHJ exhibition curator for Hoog, historian, Guest: Anne-Hélène “Jews inAlgeria” historian Guest:Zeitoun, Sabine French Occupation Czarist Russia to the

55

BROADCASTS IN 2012 Editorial director p. 19 Detainees at the p. 38 Portrait of Henry Salomon Ibn Gabirol, Philippe Allouche Camps des Milles Bulawko in 1999 Piyyutim for Rosh © Shoah Memorial © Shoah Memorial Editor Hashanah and Yom p. 20 Inauguration Evvy Eisen Rachel Rimmer Kippur, northern Spain, of the Camp des Milles p. 40 Elderly Armenian 15th century, gift from Translator Memorial Site, women, photo from the descendants of Rabbi Lisa Davidson September 10, 2012, Jean-Pierre Carlon’s film, Simon ben Tsemah © Camp des Milles I Dreamed of Armenia Art Director Duran, presented during Foundation—Memory © Les Productions les designers anonymes the “Jews from Algeria” and Education du Lagon exhibition at the Paris Cover p. 21 A school group p. 41 Poster for the Excerpts from a speech visits the floor where film, Kinderlekh by Museum of Jewish Art by Raphaël Esrail, women and children Audrey Gordon and History president of the were interned in the © Audrey Gordon © photo Gilles Berizzi, Auschwitz Survivors’ Milles tile factory p. 42 RMN Union, during the © Camp des Milles Odette Spingarn, p. 52 Jechezkiel inauguration of the Foundation—Memory February 1943 D. Kirszenbaum, Drancy Memorial, and Education © Family collection My Tears Will Flow September 21, 2012 p. 22 Claude Lanzmann Georges Garel, Like a River, Photographs interviewing Paris, 1959 1945, oil on canvas, p. 11 The building created Benjamin Murmelstein, © Family collection location unknown by Roger Diener for the photograph Jewish women workers © Nathan Diament Drancy Shoah Memorial taken from the film requisitioned by the p. 54 Zacharie, The Last of the Unjust, German administration © Shoah Memorial Elisabeth and Gabrielle © Claude Lanzmann, for forced labor, Christian Richters Mass on a beach in Synecdoche Productions December p. 12 Graffiti written by Normandy, 1936 p. 24 Zacharie Mass © Shoah Memorial a person interned at © Personal archives the Drancy camp waving to his wife and p. 43 p. 55 The Bobigny train © Shoah Memorial daughter outside their Oil portrait of Jean station, p. 13 President François building in Maisons-Alfort, Henrion circa five years Hollande of France, ca 1940 old, by Hélène © Henri Perrot, inaugurating the Drancy © Gabrielle Mass personal Schweitzer city of Bobigny Shoah Memorial, archives © Family collection September 21, 2012, p. 25 Georges Loinger Henri Rozen © Élysée, Pierre- at the Foundation for the in Lodz in 1945 Emmanuel Weck Memory of the Shoah © Family collection p. 14-15 Fifth-graders © FMS, Philippe Weyl Szyja Opatowski visiting the Shoah p. 27 Trip to Auschwitz- © Family collection Memorial for a Birkenau p. 44 Trip to Auschwitz- philosophical workshop © Shoah Memorial, Birkenau from the Alsace © Shoah Memorial Jean-Marc Lebaz region Florence Brochoire p. 28 Torah, Germany, © Conseil régional p. 16 Photo (left): 1446 d’Alsace, Hanukkah celebrations © Bibliothèque Jean-Luc Stadler organized as part of the du Séminaire israélite p. 46 Students from the “Aid for Life” program by de France Jean Drouant lycée on the Latet association p. 29 Students from the the Judenrampe at © Latet Lucien de Hirsch school Birkenau © Lycée Jean Photo (right): in Paris Drouant intergenerational meeting © Lucien de Hirsch p. 47 Performance of organized by the p. 30 Commemorative Children’s Suitcases Casip-Cojasor ceremony at Drancy in © Compagnie Pipa Sol Foundation 1946 in the presence of p. 48 Jechezkiel © Casip-Cojasor religious authorities D. Kirszenbaum, A Study p. 17 “Beautiful © Shoah Memorial of Maimonides, 1925, Summer”program p. 32 Odette Spingarn family collection © FSJU © INA, Martial Lorcet © Nathan Diament p. 18 p. 34 “Beautiful summer” p. 50 Jechezkiel Confiscated paintings program D. Kirszenbaum, stored in the room of © FSJU The Messiah Arrives in Oriental Antiquities in the p. 36 Roundup on the Shtetl, 1946, oil on Louvre Museum, Paris August 20, 1941, in Paris canvas, family collection 1st arrondissement, © Photo BHVP, © Nathan Diament France, 1943-1944 Shoah Memorial p. 51 Simon ben Tsemah © Shoah Memorial p. 37 Warsaw ghetto Duran, known as coll. Bundesarchiv uprising, 1943 © USHMM RaShBaTs, and