Review of Noterapion Kissinger from Chile and Argentina (Coleoptera: Apionidae)
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INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 16, No. 4, December, 2002 221 Review of Noterapion Kissinger from Chile and Argentina (Coleoptera: Apionidae). David G. Kissinger 24414 University Ave #40 Loma Linda CA 92354 USA Abstract. Descriptions and a key are provided for 7 South American species ofNote rap ion Kissinger (2002) (type species Apion meorrhynchum Philippi and Philippi) including N. bruchi (Beguin-Billecocq), N. meorrhynchum (Philippi and Philippi), N. philippianum (Alonso-Zarazaga) and four new species described from Chile: N. chilense Kissinger, N. lwscheli Kissinger, N. nothofagi Kissinger, and N. saperion Kissinger. A lectotype designation is published for Apion meorrhynchum Philippi and Philippi and Apion uestitum Philippi and Philippi. Apion fuegianum Enderlein and A. pingue Beguin-Billecocq are synonymized with N. meorrhynchum (Philippi and Philippi), new synonymy. Noterapionini (new tribe) is erected for Noterapion Kissinger (type genus) within Apioninae. Extension of a phylogenetic analysis of Brentidae s. lato by Wanat (2001) places Noterapion near the base of Apioninae and shows the genus sharing various symplesiomorphies with primitive apionid subfamilies from Africa and not found otherwise in the New World apionids. The weevils are associated with the southern beech, Nothofagus Blume (in Nothofagaceae, see Manos, 1997), also known from the Australasian Region. Noterapion meorrhynchum develops in abandoned cynipid wasp leaf galls. The combination of a plant host with biogeographic significance and the possession of very primitive characters suggests that Noterapion may represent an ancient lineage dating back to the time ofthe Cretaceous and the breakup of Gondwana. Introduction and processed with Adobe Photoshop 6.0 (Adobe 2000). Collection codons are from Arnett et al. (1993): BMNH, This paper summarizes the examination of ap The Natural History Museum, London, United King proximately 2,300 specimens of Note rap ion Kissing dom. CMNC, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, er (type species Apion meorrhynchum Philippi and Canada; DGKC, personal collection of David G. Kiss Philippi), a genus recently proposed for several spe inger; MNHN, Museum National d'Histoire Naturel cies of Chilean and Argentinean apionids (Kissinger, Ie, Paris, France; MNNC, Museo Nacional de His 2002). The family name Apionidae is used following toria Natural, Santiago, Chile; NZAC, N. Z. Arthro Alonso-Zarazaga and Lyal (1999) and Wanat (2001). pod Collection, Auckland, New Zealand; USNM, The paper presents a key with descriptions ofNoter Smithsonian Institution, National Museum ofNatu apion species; the possible phylogenetic implications ralHistory, Washington, DC, USA. of the characters exhibited by some of its species; and The Microsoft Encarta Interactive World Atlas the establishment of a new tribe for Noterapion, 2001 (Microsoft 2000) was used to interpret Chilean Noterapionini, near the base ofApioninae, based on an localities on labels. Encarta does not refer to the extension of a phylogenetic analysis of Brentidae s. Chilean provinces that were superceded in the last 20 lato carried out by Wanat (2001). years by 11 "Regi6nes" or administrative divisions; Methods and procedures follow those in Kissinger thus it was difficult to ascertain assignment of a (1968,1990, 1992) except that the term "specialized locality to a regi6n. Also, Encarta lacks many locali seta" is used instead of "sensory seta" because a ties. The administrative regions involved in this sensory function has not been demonstrated for the study, ordered from north to south are: Maule, Biobio, setae. Description oftegmen based largely on termi Araucania, Los Lagos, AisEm, and Magallanes; distri nology of Wanat (2001). The classification of Apion bution data will follow this order. I am indebted to idae follows Wanat (2001). Generic group characters, Mario Elgueta for information about location and their identifying numbers (in bold) and their state spelling of these localities. polarization used especially in the section on phyloge Kuschel borrowed the type material for Apion netic analysis are from Wanat (2001, pp. 333-344). meorrhynchum Philippi and Philippi, A. pachym Photographs were taken with a Wild 5 stereomicro erum Philippi and Philippi, A. humerale Philippi and scope and KODAKMDS 290 digital imaging system Philippi, A. vestitum Philippi and Philippi, and A. 222 Volume 16, No.4, December, 2002, INSECTA MUNDI angustatum Philippi and Philippi from the Collection curved) (Fig. 4); endophallus with distinct sclero Philippi in the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, tized process near base of median lobe (exact Santiago, Chile. He personally identified these speci position depends on condition of endophallus) mens as type material during a recent trip to Santi (Fig. 5) ................................................................ 2 ago. None of the specimens had an originallocality or 2A. In profile dorsal margin of head constricted behind identification label. He cleaned, remounted, and la eye, ventral surface of head broadly convex (Fig. beled the specimens (Kuschelpers. comm.). All will 6); impressed area on pseudotrochanter compar have a locality label with three lines: "Chile, Valdivia/ atively shorter; male endophallus at base of Fundo San J uan/ ColI. Philippi". Dimensions are median lobe of aedeagus with globular process listed for the specimen selected as lectotype: the somewhat wider than long, consisting of2 halves length (taken from the middle of the eye to the end of separated variable distance (depending on con the elytra) and the width (across the widest part of the dition of endophallus) (Fig. 7); female rostrum elytra) (Kuschelpers. comm.). Because the number of generally less than 110011 long ......................... syntype specimens is not given in the original descrip ............................ Noterapion lwscheli Kissinger 2B. In profile dorsal margin of head not constricted tion, a lectotype is picked for each species: lectotypes behind eye, ventral surface of head flat (angular are labeled in red and paralectotypes in pale blue; each ridge may be present) (Fig. 9); impressed area on label will have four lines: Lectotype [symbolfor male pseudotrochanter comparatively longer (Fig. 24 or female] / [original name] / RA & F Philippi / G & 25); male endophallus near base of median Kuschel, 2002 (Kuschel in litt.). lobe with single top-shaped globular sclerite A lectotype is designated in this paper (based on usually longer than wide (Fig. 8); female rostrum the research of Kuschel) for Apion meorrhynchum generally more than 1100~l long ....................... Philippi and Philippi andfor Apion vestitum Philippi Noterapion meorrhynchum (Philippi and Philip pi) and Philippi to achieve taxonomic stability for these very similar species, otherwise, there is no labelled 3A. Inner margin of tibia 3 relatively straight, not type materialfor them. This statement is intended to distinctly convex or bowed (Fig. 10); mesocoxae fulfill article 74.7.3 ofthe ICZN (4th ed.) requiring with flat union of mesosternal intercoxal and justification for such designations. metasternal processes, in profile union on level with usual sternal surface; mesocoxae not den- Note about holotypes: The holotypes for N. chil tate or angulate ................................................. 4 ense, N. kuscheli, N. nothofagi, and N. saperion are 3B. Inner margin of tibia 3 distinctly convex, tibia to be returned to the NZAC. It is the author's under appears bowed (Fig. 11); mesocoxae with mesos ternal process long, nearly vertical, distinctly standing that the holotypes (and other representative projecting away from usual sternal surface, it material) will be sent to MNNC for permanent storage and meta sternal coxal process meet as two up (Kuschel, in litt.). right cylindrical objects nearly on level of apex of Each description begins with a section, "Distinc mesocoxae (Fig. 12A,B); meso coxae (of both sex tive characters"; characters mentioned there will not es) dentate or angulate on posterior medial as- be repeated in the description unless more detail is pect (Fig. 12C) .................................................... furnished. ........................... Noterapion saperion Kissinger Key to the species of Noterapion Kissinger 4A. Total length from anterior margin of eye to tip of occurring in South America elytra less than 325011; in dorsal view sides of female rostrum more nearly parallel beyond in- 1A. In dorsal view femur 1 sides at base evenly converge sertion of antenna; scutellum variable ........... 5 to attachment with trochanter; pseudotrochant 4B. Total length greater than 350011; in dorsal view er not distinct (Fig. 1); in profile male median female rostrum strongly narrowed beyond inser lobe of aedeagus dorsal margin abruptly curved tion of antenna, strongly expanded toward apex downward near orifice and apex recurved upward (Fig. 13); scutellum narrow, elongate (Fig. 14) . (Fig. 2); endophallus lacks globular sclerotized ................ Noterapion bruchi (Beguin-Billecocq) process near base of median lobe .................... 3 1B. In dorsal view femur 1 sides at base narrowed to 5A. Elytral striae fine, elytra interval 2 at middle short subparallel region with distinctive sculp nearly flat, about twice as wide as stria (Fig. 15); ture (pseudotrochanter) which attaches to tro pro notal punctures denser, deeper, interspaces chanter (Fig. 3); in profile male median lobe of narrower, scales tend to overlap (Fig. 16); scutel-