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The Interpersonal Lives of Young Adult Women: a Study of Passionate Friendship

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The Interpersonal Lives of Young Adult Women: a Study of Passionate Friendship Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2009 The Interpersonal Lives of Young Adult Women: A Study of Passionate Friendship Jenna Ann Glover Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Developmental Psychology Commons, and the Social Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Glover, Jenna Ann, "The Interpersonal Lives of Young Adult Women: A Study of Passionate Friendship" (2009). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 262. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/262 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE INTERPERSONAL LIVES OF YOUNG ADULT WOMEN: A STUDY OF PASSIONATE FRIENDSHIP by Jenna Ann Glover A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Psychology Approved: ______________________________ ______________________________ Renee V Galliher , Ph.D. Susan L. Crowley, Ph.D. Major Professor Committee Member ______________________________ ______________________________ Melanie Domenech Rodriguez, Ph.D. Gretchen Gimpel Peacock, Ph.D. Committee Member Committee Member ______________________________ ______________________________ Julie Gast, Ph.D. Byron R. Burnham, Ed.D. Committee Member Dean of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2009 ii Copyright © Jenna Ann Glover 2009 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT The Interpersonal Lives of Women: A Study of Passionate Friendship Among Women b y Jenna Ann Glover, Doctor of Philosophy Utah State University, 2009 Major Professor: Dr. Renee V. Galliher Department of Psychology This study was designed to further understand passionate friendships in a sample of heterosexual and lesbian, bisexual, and questioning (LBQ) women. Previous research has established that LBQ women engage in same-sex passionate friendships (unusually intense friendships that are similar to romantic relationships but devoid of sexual intimacy), but no systematic classification system has been established to identify these relationships in a general sample of women. A new quantitative measure, the Passionate Friendship Survey, was developed to measure passionate friendship experiences in women across adolescence and young adulthood. Qualitative interviews were also conducted to understand the subjective experience of passionate friendships in heterosexual and LBQ women. Passionate friendships are present in both heterosexual and LBQ women during adolescence and young adulthood, but are developmentally more likely to occur during adolescence and are correlated to more positive outcomes during adolescence compared iv to young adulthood. Passionate friendships also appear to serve different functions related to exploration and integration of sexual orientation for LBQ compared to heterosexual women. Characteristics, correlates, and functions of passionate friendship are presented as well as recommendations for future research in this area. (171 pages) v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The past five years of my academic experience have been some of the hardest and most rewarding in my life, and so much of that journey has been enjoyed and successful because of the mentorship I have received from Dr. Renee Galliher. She has provided support and unlimited opportunities for me to grow as both a student and person. Her openness, direction, and support have helped me complete many goals including this project, but I know her greatest contribution to me has been as a model for how to help graduate students develop into better professionals and, more importantly, people. Thank you for everything you have done; truly there are not enough words to express the ways you have influenced me for good. I also greatly appreciate the time and expertise of my committee members, Drs. Melanie Domenech-Rodriguez, Gretchen Gimpel Peacock, Susan Crowley, and Julie Gast. Your feedback helped me better refine my project and create a more meaningful and robust study. Additionally, your comments provided encouragement for me to continue to develop this line of research as I pursue my career. All I can do is laugh and say thank you as I think of my friends and colleagues who have traveled on this journey with me. You helped me find my perspective and humanistic orientation throughout this process! Also, thank you to my amazing friends outside of school for caring and listening to me talk about my work, and for always being excited and supportive during this process. It has meant more than each of you could know. vi I am most indebted to my family who has been my constant support and cheering section through life and especially graduate schools. I love my brothers and their willingness to help me throughout this period of my life in ways not directly related to school, but in ways that reduce my stress so I could accomplish my academic goals. Finally, I am so grateful for my parents and all the substantial material, emotional, and spiritual gifts they have blessed me with. Thank you for instilling in me the drive to accomplish my academic goals as well as the common sense to know what is most important in life. You two are the greatest in my heart. Jenna Ann Glover vii CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ...................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . ............................. v LIST OF TABLES . ................................. viii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ............................. 1 II. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE . 5 Friendship ............................... 5 Romantic Relationships ........................ 13 Passionate Friendship . ........................ 19 Purpose and Objectives . ....................... 29 III. METHODS ................................. 32 Quantitative Data Collection . 32 Qualitative Data Collection . 40 IV. RESULTS ................................. 43 Quantitative Analyses Passionate Friendship Survey . 43 Passionate Friendship Characteristics . 54 Passionate Friendship Correlates .. 73 Qualitative Analyses .......................... 74 V. DISCUSSION ............................... 103 Measure Development ......................... 104 Passionate Friendship Characteristics . 106 Passionate Friendship Correlates .. 121 Passionate Friendship Functions . 123 Summary and Limitations ....................... 125 REFERENCES .................................... 129 viii Page APPENDICES . ................................... 135 Appendix A: Recruitment Letter and Consent Form for Quantitative Study ..................... 136 Appendix B: Measures . .......................... 140 Appendix C: Consent Form for Qualitative Study . 148 Appendix D: Semistructured Interview . 151 CURRICULUM VITAE . .............................. 153 ix LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Principal Axis Factoring of Passionate Friendship Survey Adolescent Friendships ........................... 45 2 Principal Axis Factoring Three-Factor Solution of Passionate Friendship Survey Adolescent Friendships . 47 3 Principal Axis Factoring of Passionate Friendship Survey Current Friendships ............................. 49 4 Principal Axis Factoring Three-Factor Solution of Passionate Friendships Survey Current Friendships . 51 5 Means, Standard Deviations, and Alphas for Passionate and Nonpassionate Friends on the Passionate Friendship Survey Subscale, Jealousy Items, and Total Score (N = 229) ............ 53 6 Dependent-Samples t Tests Comparing Adolescent and Current Friends on the Passionate Friendship Survey Subscales, Jealousy Items, and Total Score (N = 226) ................. 55 7 Means and Standard Deviations for Passionate and Nonpassionate Friends on the Passionate Friendship Survey Subscales, Jealousy Items, and Total Score (N = 229) ...................... 56 8 Two-Way Contingency Tables Statistical Results for Characteristics With Passionate and Nonpassionate Friendship for Adolescent Friendship (N = 230) ............................ 57 9 Independent-Sample t Tests Comparing Sexual Orientation Groups on Adolescent Scores of the Passionate Friendship Subscales, Jealousy Items, and Total Score (N = 223) ................. 59 10 Independent-Samples t Tests Comparing LDS Versus non-LDS Individuals on Adolescent Scores of the Passionate Friendship Survey Subscales, Jealousy Items, and Total Score (N = 234) . 60 11 Independent-Sample t Tests Comparing Infrequent and Frequent Daters on Adolescent Scores of the Passionate Friendship Survey Subscales, Jealousy Items, and Total Score (N = 230) ........... 62 x Table Page 12 Independent-Samples t Tests Comparing Those in Infrequent and Frequ4nt Romantic Relationships on Adolescent Scores of the Passionate Friendship Survey Subscales, Jealousy Items, and Total Score (N = 230) ............................ 62 13 Correlations Among Adolescent Friendship Scores and Relational Equity and Age of Participant and Friend at Onset of Friendship (N = 231) ............................ 63 14 Means and Standard Deviations for Friendship Status Categories on Passionate Friendship Characteristics for Adolescent Friend (N = 230) ............................... 64 15 Two-Way Contingency Tables Statistical Results for Characteristics With Passionate and Nonpassionate Friendship for Current Friendships (N = 226) ............................ 66 16 Independent-Samples t Tests Comparing Sexual Orientation Groups
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