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Taxonomic Notes on the Genus Rhynchium Spinola (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Vietnam, with a First Checklist of the Species Worldwide

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Taxonomic Notes on the Genus Rhynchium Spinola (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Vietnam, with a First Checklist of the Species Worldwide Research Article ISSN 2336-9744 (online) | ISSN 2337-0173 (print) The journal is available on line at www.biotaxa.org/em Taxonomic notes on the genus Rhynchium Spinola (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Vietnam, with a first checklist of the species worldwide PHONG HUY PHAM1, P. GIRISH KUMAR2 1 Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi-100000, Vietnam; E-mail: [email protected] 2 Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghat Regional Centre, Kozhikode-673006, Kerala, India; E-mail: [email protected] Corresponding author: Phong Huy Pham Received 6 September 2016 │ Accepted 12 November 2016 │ Published online 5 December 2016. Abstract The genus Rhynchium Spinola, 1806, is studied in Vietnam. Two species are recorded, namely, R. brunneum brunneum (Fabricius, 1793) and R. haemorrhoidale haemorrhoidale (Fabricius, 1775). A key to Vietnamese species of the genus is presented along with new distributional records. Twenty-one species and 36 subspecies are listed in a first checklist of species of the genus. New synonymy proposed in the present study is R. brunneum ceylonicum Giordani Soika, 1994, under the nominotypical subspecies R. b. brunneum (Fabricius, 1793). Key words: distribution, new record, Oriental region, synonymy, Vietnamese species. Introduction The genus Rhynchium belonging to subfamily Eumeninae, named by Spinola (1806) with the type species Rygchium europaeum Spinola, 1806, is an Old World genus, comprising relatively large-size species mainly distributed in the Oriental Region. The main characters to distinguish wasps of this genus from wasps of other genera are the scutellum and posterior part of mesoscutum smooth and at most finely and sparsely punctuate. After referring to data from a website (http://www.eol/pages/31233), Kumar & Sharma (2013) reckoned there were 47 species with several subspecies in the genus Rhynchium. Siddiqui et al. (2015) stated that “the genus Rhynchium includes slightly more than 20 species and many subspecies, distributed throughout the Old World”. Hence, the number of the Rhynchium species has not yet been obvious to date. There have been two species in the genus Rhynchium recorded from Vietnam so far. The first Rhynchium species recorded was R. brunneum (Fabricius, 1793) by Giordani Soika (1986). After eight years (1994), he mentioned this as a nominotypical subspecies R. brunneum brunneum. The second species recorded for Vietnam was R. haemorrhoidale haemorrhoidale (Fabricius, 1775) by Nguyen et al. (2015). In present paper, taxonomic notes on the genus are mentioned along with a first checklist of species of the genus. Ecol. Mont., 7, 2016, 530-537 PHAM & KUMAR Materials and Methods The materials examined in the present paper are housed in the collections of the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR) and of Zoological Survey of India, India (NZC). The morphological and colour characters were observed and described on pinned and dried specimens under a stereoscopic microscope. Photographic images were taken by using a Leica Stereomicroscope with LAS software version 3.6.0. Provinces and cities are alphabetically listed in the text as distribution of species in the genus. Results and Discussion Genus Rhynchium Spinola Rygchium Spinola, 1806. Ins. Ligur., 1: 84, genus (incorrect original spelling of Rhynchium Spinola). Rhynchium Spinola, 1806, Ins. Ligus., 1:84, genus, emendation of Rygchium validated by Opinion 747 (ICZN, 1965). Type species: Rygchium europeaum Spinola, 1806 [= Vespa oculata Fabricius, 1781], by monotypy. Rhynchium Billberg, 1820, Enum. Ins.: 109. Emendation of Rychium (!) Spinola. Rhynchium Sturm, 1829, Verz. Ins. Nurnberg: 12. Emendation. Rhygchium de Saussure, 1853, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 1: xxxi, 276. Emendation. Rhynchuium (!) de Saussure, 1863, Mém. Soc. Phy. Hist. Nat. Genéve 17: 242. Eurrhynchium Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 33. New name. Rygohium (!) Willink, 1982, Bol. Ac. Nac. Sci. 55: 195. Diagnosis: Palpal formula 6:4; scutellum and posterior part of mesoscutum smooth, at most finely and sparsely punctuate; metanotum depressed medially and bluntly projecting laterally, as seen from above and in front distinctly concave; propodeum with valvula small and never rectangular, submarginal carina not projecting; tegula not evenly rounded posteriorly, emarginate adjoining parategula; tegula shorter than parategula posteriorly; midtibia with one spur; mid femora of male emarginated at base; forewing with second cubital cell not petiolate; third cubital cell further away from the apex of the radial cell; parastigma of fore wing more than half as long as the stigma; metasomal segment I sessile, with tergite without transversal ridge or carina, segment I with width more than half that of II, much less than twice as long as wide. Key to species of the genus Rhynchium in Vietnam 1 Metasomal segment I and II usually entirely black, rarely with a thin reddish brown band apically of first or second or both segments (Fig. 6). .......... R. haemorrhoidale haemorrhoidale (Fabricius, 1775) - Metasomal segment I and II black at basal half (Figs. 1-2); Mandible long with apical tooth sharp, acute (Figs. 3-4); Central frons with pubescences dense (Fig. 5); Metasomal segment I and metasomal segment II with a broad yellowish brown band apically (Figs. 1-2). .................................... .............................................................................................. R. brunneum brunneum (Fabricius, 1793) 1. R. brunneum brunneum (Fabricius, 1793) (Figs. 1-5) Vespa brunnea Fabricius, 1793, Entomol. Syst., 2: 264, Syntype, sex not mentioned, “Tranquebariae, India (Universitetets Zoologiske Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark)”. Odynerus brunneus Latreille, 1806, Gen. Crust. Ins., 1: pl. 14 fig. 3. Rhynchium brunneum Spinola, 1808, Ins. Ligur, 2: 189. Rhynchium haemorrhoidale var. brunneum de Saussure, 1862, Stettin. Ent. Ztg., 23: 190. Rhynchium quinquecinctum var. brunneum Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym., 9: 45 (cat.). Rhynchium brunneum brunneum: Gusenleitner, 2006, Linzer biol. Beitr., 38(1): 692 (Sikkim, Meghalaya, West Bengal). Ecol. Mont., 7, 2016, 530-537 531 TAXONOMIC NOTES ON THE GENUS RHYNCHIUM FROM VIETNAM Material examined: VIETNAM: Bac Ninh: 1 ♂, Tu Son, v.2010, P.H. Pham. Hai Phong: 1 ♀, Vinh Bao, 25.vi.2013, P.H. Pham. Hoa Binh: 2 ♀ + 1 ♂, Mai Chau, Mai Chau, 3.vi.2012, P.H. Pham. Hung Yen: 1 ♀ + 1 ♂, Trieu Duong, Tien Lu, 25.vi.2013, P.H. Pham. Nam Dinh: 1 ♀ + 1 ♂, Xuan Thuy National Park, Xuan Thuy, 22.vi.2013, P.H. Pham. Quang Ninh: 1 ♀ + 3 ♂, Hong Thai Tay, Dong Trieu, 26.vi.2013, P.H. Pham. Thai Binh: 2 ♀ + 2 ♂, Hong Minh, Hung Ha, 23-24.vi.2013; 2 ♂, Hung Nhan, Hung Ha, 25.vi.2013, P.H. Pham; 1 ♀, Dong Minh, Tien Hai, 20°20’23’’N, 106°35’89’’E, alt. 0 m, 21.vi.2013, H.P. Pham. Thanh Hoa: 2 ♀, Sam Son Town, 20-21.vi.2016, P.H. Pham. SRI LANKA: Paradeniya: 5 ♀, 2.vi.1910, name of collector unknown, NZC Regd.Nos.13752/H3 to 13756/H3. Distribution: Vietnam: Bac Giang, Bac Ninh (new record), Cao Bang, Dien Bien, Gia Lai, Ha Giang, Ha Noi, Ha Tinh, Hai Duong, Hai Phong (new record), Hoa Binh, Hung Yen (new record), Kon Tum, Lai Chau, Lam Dong, Lao Cai, Nam Dinh, Nghe An, Quang Nam, Quang Ninh, Quang Tri, Thai Binh, Thai Nguyen, Thanh Hoa, Thua Thien Hue, Vinh Phuc. Elsewhere: India, Seychelles, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Guam, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Marianas, Myanmar, New Britain, Pakistan, Palau, China, Taiwan, Thailand. Remarks: There are three subspecies recorded from the Oriental Region namely, R. brunneum brunneum (Fabricius, 1793), R. brunneum ceylonicum Giordani Soika, 1994 and R. brunneum maladivum Gusenleitner, 2003. Out of these three subspecies, the nominotypical subspecies namely R. b. brunneum is widely distributed in the Oriental Region. R. b. ceylonicum is recorded from Sri Lanka and R. b. maladivum recorded from the Maldives (Kumar & Sharma, 2013). We have examined specimens collected from Sri Lanka. These specimens are of the subspecies R. b. ceylonicum. This subspecies is distinguished from R. b. brunneum by colour pattern. In R. b. brunneum the body is marked with black and reddish brown colouration, whereas R. b. ceylonicum the body is marked with black and yellowish brown colouration. Among specimens collected in Vietnam, there are 5 specimens that they have a slight difference in colour from the other specimens [1 ♂, Mai Chau, Hoa Binh Province; 2 ♂, Hung Nhan, Hung Ha, Thai Binh Province; 1 ♀ + 1 ♂, Hong Thai Tay, Dong Trieu, Quang Ninh Province]. Their colour pattern is very close to that of the subspecies R. b. ceylonicum, and these specimens can represent the formally named color form R. b. ceylonicum. Thus we propose to synonymize R. b. ceylonicum under the nominotypical subspecies R. b. brunneum. The black marks on the body of R. b. brunneum are highly variable. On mesoscutum: A small triangular mark in front can be extended to become a large mark at the centre, and a narrow transverse line along the apex can be also extended to become a large line at the central part. Therefore two marks can join at the centre. On Metasoma: from basal third to basal two thirds of metasomal tergite I and II, metasomal sternite II from almost to entirely black, metasomal sternite III-VI in females and metasomal sternite III-VII in males from basal third to basal two thirds. Marks on metasoma are also from light to dark black colouration. A female collected at Dong Minh commune, Tien Hai district, Thai Binh province has the mandible different from that of all of the other specimens of R. brunneum and also of the other Rhynchium species (Figs. 3-4). This means that this specimen can be of a new species. But at present time only a specimen of the female is available it is arranged under the nominotypical species R. brunneum and the future studies should include it. 2. Rhynchium haemorrhoidale haemorrhoidale (Fabricius, 1775) (Fig. 6) Vespa haemorrhoidalis Fabricius, 1775, Syst. Entomol.: 366, Type ♂, “ad Cap. b. Spei” (British Museum of Natural History). Odynerus dimidiatus Guèrin, 1834, in Bèlanger, Voyage Indes-Orient.
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