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A Taxonomic Study on the Genus Rhynchium Spinola (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from the Indian Subcontinent

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A Taxonomic Study on the Genus Rhynchium Spinola (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from the Indian Subcontinent ISSN 0375-1511 Rec. zool. Surv. India: 113(Part-2): 105-122,2013 A TAXONOMIC STUDY ON THE GENUS RHYNCHIUM SPINOLA (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE: EUMENINAE) FROM THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT P. GIRISH KUMAR AND GAURAV SHARMA Zoological Survey of India, M - Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal- 700053, India E-mail: [email protected];[email protected] INTRODUCTION Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, collected Spinola (1806) provided the name Rygchium from various localities of Indian subcontinent. which is an incorrect original spelling of The specimens were studied and photographed Rhynchium Spinola based on the type species by using a Leica Stereo microscope with LAS software version 3.6.0. All the specimens were Rygchium europaeum Spinola, 1806. The genus properly preserved and added to the 'National Rhynchium Spinola is distributed at Australian, Zoological Collections' of the Hymenoptera Ethiopian, Oriental and Palearctic Regions. Forty Section of the Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata seven species with several subspecies are (NZC). recorded under this genus from the world (EOL Data Portal webpage) of which five species/ Abbreviations used for the Museums: BMNH = subspecies namely Rhynchium brunneum British Museum (Natural History), London, brunneum (Fabricius, 1793), R. brunneum England; MSNV = Museo di Storia Naturale di ceylonicum Giordani Soika, 1994, R. carnaticum Venezia, Italy; NZC = 'National Zoological (Fabricius, 1798), R. haemorrhoidale haemorrhoidale Collections' of Zoological Survey of India, (Fabricius, 1775) and R. oculatum leviscutis Kolkata, India; USNM = United States National (Cameron, 1908) are recorded from the Indian Museum of Natural History, WashingtonD.C., U. subcontinent. In addition to this five S. A.; UZMC = Universitetets Zoologiske species/ subspecies, a distinctly different colour Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark. form of R. haemorrhoidale namely R. haemorrhoidale Abbreviations used for the terms: F1-F2 = andamanicum subsp. nov. is also described in this Flagellar segments 1 to 2; H = Head; M = paper. The occurrence of Rhynchium atrum de Mesosoma; OOL = Ocellocular distance; POL = Saussure, 1852 from the Indian subcontinent is Postocellar distance; Sl-S7 = Metasomal sterna 1 doubtful. All the species/subspecies from the to 7; Tl-T7 = Metasomal terga 1 to 7. Indian subcontinent are herewith redescribed in RESULTS detail since the available descriptions are inadequate for easy identification and a key to Genus Rhynchium Spinola separate the species of the Indian subcontinent is Rygchium Spinola, 1806, Ins. Ligur., 1: 84, genus also provided. Several new distributional records (incorrect original spelling of Rhynchium Spinola). are also reported in this paper. Rhynchium Spinola, 1806, Ins. Ligur., 1: 84, genus, MATERIAL AND METHODS emendation of Rygchium validated by Opinion 747 (ICZN, 1965). Type species: Rygchium europeaum This study is based on about 153 specimens Spinola, 1806 [= Vespa oculata Fabricius, 1781], by present in the Hymenoptera Section of the monotypy. 106 Rec. zool. Surv. India Eurrhynchium Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insect., 19: 33, Gaster not entirely black, at least tergites III-IV in name for division II of Rhynchium Spinola in de female (Images 1 & 18) and III-VII in male with Saussure, 1852, ft. Fam. Vesp., 1: 105. Type species: large reddish brown markings (Images 4 & 15) .... .4 Vespa oculata Fabricius, 1781, by subsequent 4. T1 and T2 black at basal half and a broad reddish designation of van der Vecht and Carpenter, 1990, brown or yellowish brown band at apex (Images 1 Zool. Verh., Leiden. & 4); meso soma predominantly to entirely reddish Diagnosis: Labial palp 4-segmented; maxillary brown or yellowish brown (Images 1, 3 & 4) ......... .5 palp 6-segmented; pronotum smooth in front T1 and T2 usually entirely black, rarely with a thin without punctures or impressions; meso scutum reddish brown band at apex of first or second or posteriorly and scutellum anteriorly impunctate; both segments (Images 15 & 18); meso soma metanotum somewhat compressed medially predominantly to entirely black (Images 15 & 18). without tubercles; propodeum without deep ..................................................................................... ~ fossae; tegula not evenly rounded posteriorly, 5. Body with black and reddish brown colouration. emarginate adjoining parategula and not Widely distributed. ........................................ reaching the apex of parategula; axillary fossa brunneum brunneum (Fabricius) narrower than long, slit-like; forewing with Body with black and yellowish brown colouration. second submarginal cell not petiolate, prestigma Sri Lanka ........ brunneum ceylonicum Giordani Soika more than half the length of pterostigma; midtibia 6. Pronotum partly or completely reddish brown with one spur; metasoma sessile; T1 wider than (Image 15); mesosoma not entirely black; head long in dorsal view, not carinate; midfemur of predominantly reddish brown to yellowish brown male basally emarginate. with black markings (Images 14 & 16). .............haemorrhoidale haemorrhoidale (Fabricius) Distribution: Australian, Ethiopian, Oriental Pronotum entirely black (Image 18); meso soma and Palaearctic Regions. entirely black; head predominantly black with or Key to species/subspecies of the genus without brown and yellow markings (Image 19). Rhynchium Spinola from the Indian .................. .haemorrhoidale andamanicum subsp. nov. subcontinent 1. Rhynchium brunneum (Fabricius) 1. Apex of clypeus, in male, narrow, almost pointed This is a polytypic species with many (Image 23) and not sharply truncate, almost subspecies. There are three subspecies are rounded in female (Image 21); T2 almost entirely yellow with a basal black or brown mark (Images recorded from Oriental Region namely, 20 & 22) . ...................... oculatum leviscutis (Cameron) Rhynchium brunneum brunneum (Fabricius), R. brunneum ceylonicum Giordani Soika and R. Apex of clypeus, in both sexes, broad and truncate brunneum maladivum Gusenleitner. Out of these (Images 2, 5, 10, 12, 14, 16 & 19); T2 not yellow, either black or reddish brown or both (Images 1, 4, three subspecies, the nominotypical subspecies 9,11,15 & 18) .......................................................... 2 namely R. b. brunneum is widely distributed in the Oriental Region. R. b. ceylonicumis recorded from 2. Clypeus, in both sexes, with punctures extremely small and superficial (Images 10 & 12); punctures Sri Lanka and R. b. maladivum recorded from on T1 and basal 2/3 of remaining tergites, in both Maldives. sexes, small, shallow and sparse (Images 9 &11). (a) Rhynchium brunneum brunneum (Fabricius) .................................................. carnaticum (Fabricius) (Images 1-8) Clypeus, in female, with large and dense punctures (Images 2, 14 & 19); punctures on Vespa brunnea Fabricius, 1793, Entomol. Syst., 2: 264, tergites, in both sexes, large and dense (Images 1, 4, Syntype, sex not mentioned, "Tranquebariae, 15&18) ............................................................. 3 India (UZMC)". 3. Gaster entirely black, usually the last Odynerus brunneus: Latreille, 1806, Gen. Crust. Ins., 1: pI. tergites and sternites pale reddish brown 14fig.3. ............................................. atrum atrum de Saussure Rhynchium brunneum: Spinola, 1808, Ins. Ligur, 2: 189. KUMAR & SHARMA: A Taxonomic Study on the Genus Rhynchium Spinola 107 Rhynchium haemorrhoidale var. brunneum: de Saussure, inner eye margin smooth; POL 1.13x OOL; 1862, Stettin. Ent. Ztg., 23: 190. diameter of anterior ocellus 0.87x longer than the Rhynchium quinquecinctum var. brunneum: Dalla Torre, distance between anterior ocellus and posterior 1894, Cat. Hym., 9: 45 (cat.). ocelli; vertex strongly punctured except at Odynerus haemorrhoidale var. brunneum: Cheesman, shallow postocellar fovea and area towards 1928, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (10) 1: 182 (in subgenus occipital carina; temple strongly punctured, 1.03x Rynchium; syn. tahitense de Saussure; Marquesas as wide as eye in profile (measured through its Is., Society Is., distribution, note on biology). ocular sinus); interocular distance 0.92x greater Rhynchium brunneum brunneum: Gusenleitner, 2006, on vertex than at clypeus; occipital carina strong, Linzer bioI. Beitr., 38 (1): 692 (Sikkim, Meghalaya, complete and narrowed ventrally. Antenna 3.29x West Bengal). farther from each other than from eyes; antennal Female (Image 1): Body length (H+M+T1 +T2) scrobe granulately punctured; scape 2.37x as long 13-16 mm; Forewing length 12-15 mm. Body as F1, 4.10x as long as wide; pedicel 0.32x F1, 0.69x brownish red (and sometimes mixed with as long as wide; F1 1.69x as long as F2, 1.68x as yellowish red) with the following black marks: a long as wide; flagellar segments slightly widening spot on interantennal space, a vertical line on towards apex except last antennal segment; apical lower frons, around ocelli, occiput, a large antennal segment 1.24x as long as wide. triangular mark on meso scutum in front, a Mesosoma (Image 3): Anterior face of transverse line along its apex, propleuron, pronotum smooth without punctures; pronotal mesopleuron (except brownish red below tegula), carina strong and reaching the lateral margin of metapleuron, propodeum in the middle and pronotum; posterior face and lateral sides of lateral sides below, basal two thirds of the T1 and pronotum and meso scutum strongly, closely and the basal half of T2, Sl and S2 almost entirely, base rugosely punctate except at posterior portion
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