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Indigenous Cultural Festivals EVALUATING IMPACT on COMMUNITY HEALTH and WELLBEING

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Indigenous Cultural Festivals EVALUATING IMPACT on COMMUNITY HEALTH and WELLBEING Indigenous Cultural Festivals EVALUATING IMPACT ON COMMUNITY HEALTH AND WELLBEING A report to the Telstra Foundation on research on Indigenous festivals 2007—2010 PETER PHIPPS AND LISA SLATER GLOBALISM RESEARCH CENTRE WITH BO SVORONOS, DANIELLE WYATT, MAYA HAVILAND AND GLENN MORROW Copyright © 2010 Globalism Research Centre, RMIT University This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission. Published by Globalism Research Centre. Indigenous Cultural Festivals: Evaluating Impact on Community Health and Wellbeing 1. Phipps, Peter 2. Slater, Lisa ISBN 978-0-9805531-8-5 Globalism Research Centre Cover image: RMIT University The Chooky Dancers from Elcho Building 37, Level 5 Island in Arnhem Land perform at The 411 Swanston Street Dreaming Festival, 2008 after becoming Melbourne an international YouTube sensation. www.rmit.edu.au/globalism Photo: Peter Phipps Contents Acknowledgements 6 Executive summary 8 1. Indigenous festivals in Australia: Introduction and methods 10 Historical context 10 Policy context 12 Benefits, strengths and vulnerabilities of Indigenous festivals 15 Method: How we did our research 17 International context 18 2. Key Concepts: Indigenous People, Wellbeing and ‘the Good Life’ 20 Indigenous concepts of health and wellbeing 21 Social inclusion 23 Empowerment 27 3. Croc Festival: Cape York, Torres Strait, Derby and Shepparton 30 Aims and objectives 31 Education 32 Freedom from discrimination 36 Capacity building and social capital 37 Identity and belonging 41 Heritage 43 Role models 44 Health 45 4. The Dreaming Festival: Woodford 48 Youth program 49 Identity 49 Intergenerational exchange 51 Representation and voice 52 Showcasing Indigenous excellence 55 Cultural security 58 Economic development 58 Reconciliation 61 5. Garma Festival: North East Arnhem Land 64 The Garma Festival 65 Garma as Yolngu education and training support 66 Garma as political strategy 68 Performing Garma 71 Garma as Yolngu philosophy 74 Conclusion 75 Yalukit Willam Ngargee conception 78 6. Yalukit Willam Ngargee: People Place Gathering, City of Port Phillip, Melbourne 78 Yalukit Willam and Boon Wurrung history 79 The Indigenous communities residing on Yalukit Willam country today 81 A Melbourne Indigenous cultural renaissance 82 Yalukit Willam Ngargee programs 83 Conclusion 85 7. Conclusion: Key findings and recommendations 86 Key findings 86 Recommendations 88 References 90 Acknowledgements Report authors Peter Phipps Lisa Slater Report contributors Bo Svoronos (Chapter 6) Danielle Wyatt (Shepparton and Aurukun social profile background) Maya Haviland (Derby social profile background) Glen Morrow (Selected Garma interviews) Report layout Todd Bennet Other contributors We owe an enormous debt of gratitude to the many individuals and communities who made this research possible. They variously made us welcome, gave their time and shared their insights and their stories. We hope the report serves at least in part as a way of reciprocating that generosity. In particular thanks to: the Yothu Yindi Foundation, its Board, Chairman, Secretary, CEO, advisors and their families and broader Yolngu mala; Buku Larrngay-Mulka; Yirrkala CEC; Dhanbul Landcare; Dhimurru; Gumatj Association; Dhanbul Council; Association of Northern, Kimberley and Arnhem Aboriginal Artists (ANKAAA), Arts NT, Anglicare Nhulunbuy; City of Port Phillip; Yulukit Willam Ngargee Festival staff; Croc Festival staff and managers; Derby Shire Council; Greater Shepparton City Council; The Torres Shire Council; Dreaming Festival management and staff; Queensland Folk Federation; Community Prophets; The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Arts Board of the Australia Council; Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, Tagai State College, Western Cape College Aurukun Campus; and a range of other insightful and generous informants, guides and critics including: Simon Balderstone, Huni Bollinger, Paul Briggs, Jim Castro, Ali Copley, Christina Davidson, Alex Doyle, Galumay and the Moonie family, Bill Hauritz, Stephanie Hawkins, Klaus Helms, Jackie Huggins, Karen Jacobs, Amanda Jackes, Alan James, Vincent Lamberti, Djambawa Marawili, Dr Marika, Lydia Miller, Leitia Murgha, Rhoda Roberts, Chris Sarra, Pedro Stephens, Will Stubbs, David Vadiveloo, Helen Verran, Greg Wearne, Leon White, Michael Williams, Mandawuy Yunupingu, Galarrwuy Yunupingu, Yalmay Marika-Yunupingu, Gulumbu Yunupingu. We apologise that some significant collaborators and contributors will have been missed in this list, and hope you will accept our gratitude regardless. This research and report were enabled by the collegial and intellectual environment of the Globalism Research Centre at RMIT. Thanks go to colleagues past and present who have offered necessary critique, intellectual and administrative support, inspiration and comradeship along the way. 6 Project funding Thanks to the Telstra Foundation staff (Nancie-Lee Robinson and Georgia Symmons as Industry researchers, and their successors Maria Simpson and Stacey Thomas) and the Foundation Board who had the insight to see the importance of the Indigenous festivals sector, and the need for a relevant research base. The Telstra Foundation initiated this project in 2007, with an invitation to tender to conduct research on Indigenous festivals and community wellbeing. Through their support and flexibility, and with support and funds from the RMIT Research and Innovation office, Global Cities Institute, we were able to gain the support of the Australian Research Council under the Linkage grants scheme for an expanded project making some international comparison with the Australian material, Globalising Indigeneity: Indigenous cultural festivals and wellbeing in Australia and the Asia-Pacific (LP0882877, Chief Investigators: James, Phipps, Steger, 2008-10). Project funding enabled the employment of a full-time Research Fellow (Slater) and an APAI Doctoral Student (Svoronos), as well as extended periods of fieldwork. 7 Executive summary With the support of the Telstra Foundation and the Australian Research Council, RMIT researchers investigated the role and significance of Indigenous cultural festivals in wellbeing outcomes for Indigenous communities and their young people. We found that festivals really do matter to communities; from a proliferation of very small events celebrating local community life, to complex, large-scale events with a national and international profile. Whatever scale they operate at, festivals support communities in their efforts to maintain and renew themselves through the celebration of culture. In the search for practical outcomes it can be easy for policy-makers to overlook questions of culture as a marginal concern. By contrast, for many Indigenous communities culture is at the core of community life and their aspirations for a healthy and productive future. Culture has to be the starting point in any serious efforts to address Indigenous disadvantage with Indigenous people. Increasingly, agencies with responsibilities for Indigenous health, education, employment and other wellbeing outcomes are realising that cultural festivals are a powerful space for working effectively with communities on their own terrain: opening dialogue, engaging participation and working in partnerships to both imagine better futures and deliver results in these crucial areas. In both Indigenous and mainstream Australia festivals are thriving; proliferating all over the country as communities learn from each others’ experiences and want to share in the benefits of holding a festival locally. Festivals are an unqualified good news story in Indigenous Australia! They still hold huge untapped potential for supporting community development goals, including the massive unmet demand for international and domestic Indigenous tourism experiences. Despite this proven capacity for positive outcomes, and the latent, untapped potential of the Indigenous festivals sector, it remains vulnerable in a host of ways, from event management capacity (sometimes depending on one key individual), to the perennial problem of inadequate and insecure funding to establish professional support organisations and related employment. Carefully considered programmatic government support is urgently needed for Indigenous Festivals, not only because of the ways they support community cultural identity across generations, but also for their capacity to enhance the lives of marginalised or isolated peoples and communities in a whole range of areas including health, education, employment, small business, regional development, and of course cultural and arts development. This last point alone should be sufficient reason to support Indigenous festivals. Indigenous Australia is a rich, living web of the oldest continuous cultural traditions on earth. While the experiences of the last two centuries have seen this web torn and battered in places, it still persists in the lives of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples today. Festivals not only provide reasons and spaces to renew and regenerate these traditions, they also create spaces where these cultures can be shared appropriately with all Australians and the rest of the world. 8 Key findings of the research are that: • festivals are important to Indigenous communities for their contribution to community wellbeing, resilience and capacity; • the Indigenous festivals sector is dynamic, diverse and thriving, but vulnerable to
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