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The Wider Indigenous Community Benefits of Yirralka Rangers in Blue Mud Bay, Northeast Arnhem Land | Final Report

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The Wider Indigenous Community Benefits of Yirralka Rangers in Blue Mud Bay, Northeast Arnhem Land | Final Report Rangers in place: the wider Indigenous community benefits of Yirralka Rangers in Blue Mud Bay, northeast Arnhem Land | Final report By Marcus Barber Report Title Author’s name Acknowledgements My sincere thanks go to the rangers and residents of Baniyala and GanGan in Northeast Arnhem Land, in particular Madarrpa clan elder and Baniyala community leader Djambawa Marawili. Thanks to staff at the Yirralka Rangers, The Mulka Project, and the Buku-Larrnggay Mulka Arts Centre. This research was funded by the National Environmental Research Program, Northern Australia Hub supported by the Water for a Health Country and the Land & Water Flagships of the CSIRO. Thanks to Sue Jackson for her project leadership and considerable contribution to the literature review in Section 2 which is based on a forthcoming paper. Thanks also to fellow researchers on NERP 2.1 Indigenous livelihoods – Jon Altman, Sean Kerins, and Nic Gambold. Cathy Robinson, Sue Jackson, and David Preece provided important comments on the draft of this report. Film production would not have been possible without the invaluable contributions of Ishmael Marika and Joseph Brady from the Mulka Project, editorial expertise from Vidhi Shah, and logistical support by David Preece and other staff from Yirralka Rangers. Front cover: Male rangers on sea patrol Back cover: Female Yirralka Rangers making soap at Baniyala ranger station Important disclaimer CSIRO advises that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be made on that information without seeking prior expert professional, scientific and technical advice. To the extent permitted by law, CSIRO (including its employees and consultants) excludes all liability to any person for any consequences, including but not limited to all losses, damages, costs, expenses and any other compensation, arising directly or indirectly from using this publication (in part or in whole) and any information or material contained in it. © Charles Darwin University, 2015 Rangers in place: the wider Indigenous community benefits of Yirralka Rangers in Blue Mud Bay is published by Charles Darwin University and is for use under a Creative Commons attribution 4.0 Australia licence. For licence conditions see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ The citation for this publication is as follows: Barber, M. (2015) Rangers in place: the wider Indigenous community benefits of Yirralka Rangers in Blue Mud Bay, northeast Arnhem Land. Darwin: Charles Darwin University. ISBN 978-1-4863-0491-2 Printed by Uniprint Charles Darwin University, Darwin Northern Territory, 0909, Australia. Contents Executive summary ........................................................................................................................ 1 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Report structure ....................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Project partners ........................................................................................................ 4 1.3 Project objectives ...................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Research methods and scope .................................................................................... 6 1.5 Field context ............................................................................................................. 7 1.6 Collaborative multimedia: the ‘Rangers in Place’ film .............................................. 14 2 Literature review: the wider non-environmental benefits of Indigenous land management ....16 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 16 2.2 Australian Indigenous Cultural and Natural Resource Management (INCRM) ........... 16 2.3 Interest in the wider benefits of ICNRM .................................................................. 17 2.4 Categorising benefits and beneficiaries ................................................................... 17 2.5 Australian literature on the wider benefits of ICNRM .............................................. 18 2.6 International literature on wider benefits of NRM and human-environment ............... interactions ............................................................................................................ 29 2.7 Summary ................................................................................................................ 31 3 The benefits of Yirralka Rangers to the local homeland community: perspectives from Blue Mud Bay .......................................................................................................................... 32 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 32 3.2 The context for identifying benefits: the objectives and purposes of Yirralka Rangers ....................................................................................................................................... 32 3.3 Health and wellbeing benefits ............................................................................... 34 3.4 Cultural benefits ..................................................................................................... 36 3.5 Social benefits ........................................................................................................ 42 3.7 Political benefits ..................................................................................................... 52 3.8 Summary of benefits to the local Indigenous community ........................................ 57 4 Local homeland community benefit augmentation and minimisation - key influencing ........ factors ............................................................................................................................. 59 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 59 4.2 Program size and structure ..................................................................................... 59 4.3 Resource levels and distribution .............................................................................. 61 4.4 Autonomy and accountability ................................................................................. 63 4.5 Activity selection .................................................................................................... 65 4.6 Compatibility of values and priorities ...................................................................... 67 4.7 Motivation .............................................................................................................. 70 4.9 Summary of influencing factors .............................................................................. 72 5 Summary and recommendations ...................................................................................... 73 5.1 Concluding summary and discussion ...................................................................... 73 5.2 Recommendations .................................................................................................. 75 Appendix A - Free, prior and informed consent form and project information sheet ..................... 76 A.1 Free, prior and informed consent form.................................................................... 76 A.2 Project information sheet ........................................................................................ 77 References ................................................................................................................................... 79 1 Executive summary The Indigenous cultural and natural resource management (ICNRM) sector has grown rapidly in Australia, particularly in the north of the continent. ICNRM programs are generally focused on activities that are classed as ‘environmental’ by funding sources. Yet there is emerging evidence that the programs, and the activities they undertake, generate a range of health, economic, social and cultural benefits additional to the main environmental outcomes. Such evidence demonstrates why the ICNRM sector is so popular amongst Indigenous people. The economic significance of the sector is substantial, even when taking into account that Australia has a social security system that provides for otherwise unemployed or under-employed Indigenous people. There is also evidence that the socio- political recognition of ownership and management rights and of the knowledge and skills in ‘caring for country’ accruing from such programs, may be as important to many program participants as the direct economic benefits. The wider non-environmental benefits of ICNRM appear to be both diverse and significant. This report examines a case study of how those benefits may accrue within an Indigenous community, and the implications of that for wider systems of benefit classification. It uses a mixed methods approach - an extensive literature review is combined with the case-study involving both qualitative research and collaborative film production. This research aimed to identify a diverse array of potential
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