The Djelk Ranger Program: an Outsider's Perspective

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Djelk Ranger Program: an Outsider's Perspective View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by The Australian National University The Djelk Ranger Program: An Outsider’s Perspective M.J. Cochrane WORKING PAPER No. 27/2005 ISSN 1442-3871 ISBN 0 7315 4926 0 CENTRE FOR ABORIGINAL ECONOMIC POLICY RESEARCH SERIES NOTE The Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research (CAEPR) was fi rst established in March 1990 under an agreement between The Australian National University (ANU) and the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC). Since January 1999, CAEPR has operated as a University Centre and is funded from a variety of sources including the ANU, Australian Research Council, Department of Immigration, Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, and the Department of Family and Community Services. CAEPR’s principal objective is to undertake high-quality, independent research that will assist in furthering the social and economic development and empowerment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. CAEPR’s aim is to be a world-class centre undertaking research on Indigenous economic development issues that combines academic excellence with policy relevance and realism. In Australia, CAEPR is currently the only dedicated research centre focusing on Indigenous economic policy issues from a national perspective. The Centre’s publications aim to examine government policy, infl uence policy formulation, and inform public debate. The CAEPR Working Paper series was established in 1999. Working Papers are often work-in-progress reports and are produced for rapid distribution to enable widespread discussion and comment. They are available in electronic format only for free download from CAEPR’s website: <www.anu.edu.au/caepr/> Enquiries may be directed to: The Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research Hanna Neumann Building #21 The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Telephone 02–6125 8211 Facsimile 02–6125 9730 As with all CAEPR publications, the views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not refl ect any offi cial CAEPR position. Professor Jon Altman Director, CAEPR The Australian National University June 2005 Cover page images courtesy of the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies and CAEPR staff members. CENTRE FOR ABORIGINAL ECONOMIC POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER N0. 27 i FOREWORD In May 2003 Michelle Cochrane visited the Maningrida area for ten days, to study the Djelk Ranger program that is operating as an arm of the Bawinanga Aboriginal Corporation (BAC). This research trip was organised in the context of joint research on cooperative wildlife management and sustainable development options on Aboriginal land that Michelle and I were undertaking at that time. It was also intended as a professional development opportunity for Michelle, who had not previously visited Arnhem Land. Michelle was able to collaborate with several different groups of Rangers to visit several sustainable wildlife harvesting trial sites. Publication of this report has been delayed a little, for not long after completing a draft Michelle moved to work on a secondment with the Aboriginal Rainforest Council in Cairns. Subsequently, Michelle resigned her post at CAEPR and is now working on a longer-term basis with the Aboriginal Rainforest Council. Importantly, while in Cairns, she has assisted in the development of the Wet Tropics Aboriginal Cultural and Natural Resource Management Plan released in April 2005. Michelle’s working paper presented here provides a snapshot of the Djelk Ranger Program at May 2003. While this is some two years ago, it is nevertheless an important record of the diversity of activity undertaken by the program. It should be noted that this research is part of long-term research that has been undertaken in the Maningrida region since 1979 and this particular report refl ects a period when CAEPR was collaborating actively with the then ARC Key Centre for Tropical Wildlife Management (KCTWM) at Charles Darwin University, Darwin. In particular, at the same time Michelle and I had co-authored CAEPR Discussion Paper No. 247 ‘Innovative institutional design for sustainable wildlife management in the Indigenous-owned savanna’, which argued for an approach to sustainable natural and cultural resource use based on Indigenous control. This Working Paper supplements that Discussion Paper and provides additional information on the actual activities undertaken by the Djelk community rangers. While some activities documented here are no longer undertaken (e.g. BAC Safaris proved to be fi nancially marginal and no longer operates) others have continued and expanded. Some updated information on the activities of the Djelk Ranger Program is contained in the annual report of the Bawinanga Aboriginal Corporation for the fi nancial year 2003–04. I commend this report to readers and would personally like to thank the Bawinanga Aboriginal Corporation and the Djelk Ranger Program for hosting Michelle and facilitating this research. I trust that this report will be a useful historical record of the program at one point in time as well as of value in policy discussions under the broad umbrella of the Northern Land Council’s Caring for Country Strategy. Professor Jon Altman Director, CAEPR June 2005 CENTRE FOR ABORIGINAL ECONOMIC POLICY RESEARCH ii COCHRANE CENTRE FOR ABORIGINAL ECONOMIC POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER N0. 27 iii CONTENTS Foreword ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... i Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgments................................................................................................................................................................................... v Abbreviations...........................................................................................................................................................................................vi Introduction..............................................................................................................................................................................................1 The Djelk Ranger Program ................................................................................................................................................................2 Infrastructure........................................................................................................................................................................................4 Education and training .....................................................................................................................................................................4 Pay............................................................................................................................................................................................................5 External engagement .........................................................................................................................................................................6 Plant-related projects ............................................................................................................................................................................6 Weed management.............................................................................................................................................................................6 Sustainable plant harvest .................................................................................................................................................................7 Feral animal management....................................................................................................................................................................8 Fire management.....................................................................................................................................................................................9 Sustainable harvesting enterprises..................................................................................................................................................10 Turtle harvest and research............................................................................................................................................................10 Crocodile eggs ...................................................................................................................................................................................12 Goanna..................................................................................................................................................................................................12 Native fi sh............................................................................................................................................................................................12 Other wildlife harvesting possibilities.........................................................................................................................................12
Recommended publications
  • Why We Called Them What We Called Them
    The Googong North edition. Googonian streets, parks and playgrounds. Why we called them what we called them. The Googong North edition. Googonian streets, parks and playgrounds. A lot of thought and research has gone into the naming of Googong North’s streets, parks and playgrounds. So we thought we’d share the stories behind these names that may have already become such a familiar part of your life at Googong. The stories are all rooted in the region’s history. Googong’s parks, playgrounds and open spaces celebrate the rich history of the natural indigenous custodians of the land. The streets pay homage to the early settlers of the region, as well as places and personalities from more recent history. We hope you enjoy discovering a little more about the pre-Googonian era! 1 Googong North streets, parks and playgrounds CONTENTS STREETS GOOGONG’S NGUNAWAL A H N PAST Aitken Street 3 Hale Street 10 Nano Street 17 Alchin Street 3 Hanns Street 10 Nellie Street 17 Bunburung Thina 24 Amy Alley 3 Hawes Street 10 Newton Street 17 Annlouise Lane 3 Hawke Street 10 Norma Street 17 Nangi Pimble 24 Aprasia Avenue 3 Hearne Street 10 Ayliffe Street 3 Heath Lane 10 O Yerradhang Nguru 25 Heazlett Street 10 O’Hara Lane 17 B Helen Circuit 11 Munnagai Woggabaliri 25 Bailey Crescent 4 Henshaw Street 11 Baker Crescent 4 Hopkins Street 11 P The original residents Bambridge Parade 4 Hopper Walk 11 Percival Road 18 and their rich history 25 Banks Street 4 Pickering Street 18 Baxter Loop 4 I Plummer Street 18 Pollack Street 18 Beltana Avenue 4 Ida Lane 11 Beltana
    [Show full text]
  • Community Based Adaptation to Climate Change: the Arabana, South Australia
    Community based adaptation to climate change: the Arabana, South Australia Final Report Melissa Nursey-Bray, Deane Fergie, Veronica Arbon, Lester-Irabinna Rigney, Rob Palmer, John Tibby, Nick Harvey and Lucy Hackworth COMMUNITY BASED ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE: THE ARABANA, SOUTH AUSTRALIA The University of Adelaide AUTHORS Melissa Nursey-Bray – The University of Adelaide Deane Fergie – The University of Adelaide Veronica Arbon – The University of Adelaide Lester-Irabinna Rigney – The University of Adelaide Rob Palmer – AuConsulting Adelaide John Tibby – The University of Adelaide Nick Harvey – The University of Adelaide Lucy Hackworth – The University of Adelaide Published by the National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility ISBN: 978-1-925039-63-4 NCCARF Publication 92/13 © 2013 The University of Adelaide and the National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the authors. Please cite this report as: Nursey-Bray, M, Fergie, D, Arbon, V, Rigney, L, Palmer, R, Tibby, J, Harvey, N, Hackworth, L 2013 Community Based Adaptation to Climate Change: The Arabana, National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility, Gold Coast, pp. 133. Acknowledgement This work was carried out with financial support from the Australian Government (Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency) and the National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility (NCCARF). The role of NCCARF is to lead the research community in a national interdisciplinary effort to generate the information needed by decision-makers in government, business and in vulnerable sectors and communities to manage the risk of climate change impacts.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sacred Dimension of Protected Areas Proceedings of the Second Workshop of the Delos Initiative - Ouranoupolis 2007
    IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas The Sacred Dimension of Protected Areas Proceedings of the Second Workshop of the Delos Initiative - Ouranoupolis 2007 Edited by Thymio Papayannis and Josep-Maria Mallarach INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE WORLD HEADQUARTERS Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland, Switzerland [email protected] Tel +41 22 999 0000 Fax +41 22 999 0002 www.iucn.org The Sacred Dimension of Protected Areas Ouranoupolis 2007 264 The Sacred Dimension of Protected Areas Proceedings of the Second Workshop of the Delos Initiative The designation of geographical entities in this book and the presentation of the material do not imply the ex- pression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or Med-INA concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN, Med-INA, or the other partici- pating organizations. Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and the Mediterranean Institute for Nature and Anthropos (Med-INA), Athens, Greece Copyright: © All the authors for their respective contributions, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and Med-INA Citation: Papayannis, T. and Mallarach, J.-M. (eds) (2009). The Sacred Dimension of Protected Areas: Proceedings of the Second Workshop of the Delos Initiative – Ouranoupolis 2007. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN and Athens, Greece: Med-INA. pp. 262 ISBN: 978-2-8317-1166-9 Cover design: Pavlina Alexandropoulou Cover photos: Clockwise from top: Holy Convent of Chrysopigi, A. Davydov, K.K. Han, R. Wild, I.
    [Show full text]
  • To Nuclear Waste
    = FREE April 2016 VOLUME 6. NUMBER 1. TENANTSPG. ## HIT THE ROOF ABOUT REMOTE HOUSING FAILURE BIG ELECTION YEAR 2016 “NO” TO NUKE DUMP CRICKETERS SHINE P. 5 PG. # P. 6 PG. # P. 30 ISSN 1839-5279ISSN NEWS EDITORIAL Land Rights News Central Australia is published by the Central Land Council three Pressure rises as remote tenants take government to court times a year. AS A SECOND central The Central Land Council Australian community has 27 Stuart Hwy launched legal action against the Northern Territory Alice Springs government and an Alice NT 0870 Springs town camp is following tel: 89516211 suit, the Giles government is under increasing pressure to www.clc.org.au change how it manages remote email [email protected] community and town camp Contributions are welcome houses. Almost a third of Papunya households lodged claims for compensation through SUBSCRIPTIONS the Northern Territory Civil Land Rights News Central Administrative Tribunal in Australia subscriptions are March, over long delays in $20 per year. emergency repairs. A week later, half of the LRNCA is distributed free Larapinta Valley Town Camp Santa Teresa tenant Annie Young says the state of houses in her community has never been worse. to Aboriginal organisations tenants notified the housing and communities in Central department of 160 overdue water all over the front yard, sort told ABC Alice Springs. “Compensation is an Australia repairs, following a survey of like a swamp area,” Katie told “There’s some sort of inertia entitlement under the To subscribe email: by the Central Australian ABC. Some had wires exposed, or blockage in the system that [Residential Tenancies] Act,” [email protected] Aboriginal Legal Aid Service air conditioners not working, when tenants report things he told ABC Alice Springs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Benefits Associated with Caring for Country
    The Benefits Associated with Caring for Country Literature Review 1 Acknowledgments This literature review; The Benefits of Caring for Country was prepared for the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities by Dr Jessica K Weir, Ms Claire Stacey and Dr Kara Youngetob from the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS), Canberra, June 2011. The authors wish to thank Fiona Fraser and Katharine Sale for comments on earlier drafts of this paper, and Cathy Edmonds for her editorial assistance. The Health and Wellbeing Benefits in Section 3 of this review is in part adapted and updated from Cynthia Ganesharajah’s Indigenous Health And Wellbeing: The importance of country, Native Title Research Report No. 1/2009, Native Title Research Unit, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, Canberra. Front cover photo: Kaltukatjara Rangers Selwyn Burke and Raymond James digging pitfall traps during the Indigenous Protected Area Survey at Mann Rangers. Richard Brittingham, 2009. This work is protected by copyright law. Apart from any use permitted by the Copyright Act 1968 (including research or study) no part may be reproduced by any process, reused or redistributed for any commercial purpose or distributed to a third party for such purpose, without prior written permission from the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. 2 Contents 1. IntroductIon ....................................................................................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Schools Liftout 200Mm X 275Mm Pages.Cdr
    Make Nature your Classroom TM Exploring the Mangroves - Kimberley Traditional toolmaking Immersive Learning Cultural tours, camps and activitiesinspire and engage children, fostering cultural awareness and experiential learning. Cultural Stories Hands on with Nature On Country Experiences Student engagement and passion for learning is enhanced when we take the classroom outdoors and provide opportunities to interact with Aboriginal Tours and new environments and cultures . When students have an opportunity to learn outdoors they start to ‘live their learning’. This experiential method of teaching has been part of traditional Aboriginal culture for Experiences develop millennia. Passing on skills and ancestral knowledge from one generation to the next through practising lore and maintaining life skills, knowledge customs has preserved the Aboriginal culture, making it the oldest living culture in the world today. and cultural insights Over 100 Aboriginal Aboriginal cultural tours and activities provide this same immersive Ÿ Local Aboriginal history and culture learning experience, giving students the opportunity to explore Tours and Experiences Ÿ Foraging for native bush foods authentic, project based learning in an outdoor classroom context. With Ÿ throughout WA Kayaking, fishing, snorkelling hands on examples that include hunting and gathering, making tools Ÿ Animal tracking, wildlife conservation and implements using only natural resources and fostering a deeper Ÿ Hiking and bushwalking understanding of the unique cultural identity of
    [Show full text]
  • Celebrating Australia's Wetland Science
    Celebrating Australia’s wetland science World class research for wetlands 2018 WAT425.0418 © Commonwealth of Australia, 2018. Celebrating Australia’s wetland science: World class research for wetlands is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people. For licence conditions see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This report should be attributed as ‘Celebrating Australia’s wetland science: World class research for wetlands, Commonwealth of Australia 2018’. The Commonwealth of Australia has made all reasonable efforts to identify content supplied by third parties using the following format ‘© Copyright, [name of third party] ’. Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Australian Government or the Minister for the Environment and Energy. While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication are factually correct, the Commonwealth does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents, and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the contents of this publication. Images: Front cover: Yellow Water Wetlands, Kakadu National Park (Michael Douglas) Back cover: Barmah wetlands, Victoria (Anthea Brecknell © Department of the Environment and Energy) Celebrating Australia’s wetland science World class research for wetlands This publication showcases research which will contribute to improved understanding and management of wetlands, both in Australia and internationally.
    [Show full text]
  • Submission to the Productivity Commission’S Indigenous Evaluation Strategy
    Submission to the Productivity Commission’s Indigenous Evaluation Strategy The Department of the Environment and Energy designs and implements Australian Government policy and programs to protect and conserve the environment, water and heritage, promote climate action, and provide adequate, reliable and affordable energy. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples around the country are vital partners in the Department’s business. We have built lasting partnerships with Traditional Owners and Indigenous organisations and communities, which has shaped and influenced our approach to the development of our policies and programs, and how we advise Government. The Department supports the development of a whole-of-government Indigenous Evaluation Strategy, and would like to provide some brief comments in three key areas. 1. Environmental, heritage and cultural outcomes should be considered in evaluations The Department recommends the Indigenous Evaluation Strategy explicitly considers the environmental, heritage and cultural impacts of government policy and program interventions (in addition to the social and economic outcomes). Country is a foundational aspect of cultural identity and spirituality for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. It encompasses everything within the landscape with which Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have a traditional attachment or relationship – the people past, present and future, animals, plants, soils, water and air, the stories and special places. Connection to Country is therefore fundamental to Indigenous identity; it is inherent and is externalised through knowledge of a region’s natural and cultural history, coupled with complex layers of past personal and family experiences, stories, beliefs and cultural obligations. This is also referred to as heritage. Case study: Protecting Indigenous heritage and culture through Commonwealth legislation Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander heritage is an important part of Australian heritage.
    [Show full text]
  • Accounting for Yolŋu Ranger Work in the Dhimurru Indigenous Protected Area, Australia
    Copyright © 2021 by the author(s). Published here under license by the Resilience Alliance. Ayre, M. L., D. Yunupingu, J. Wearne, C. O'Dwyer, T. Vernes, and M. Marika. 2021. Accounting for Yolŋu ranger work in the Dhimurru Indigenous Protected Area, Australia. Ecology and Society 26(1):24. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-12149-260124 Research Accounting for Yolŋu ranger work in the Dhimurru Indigenous Protected Area, Australia Margaret L. Ayre 1, Djalinda Yunupingu 2, Jonathan Wearne 2, Cheryl O'Dwyer 3,4, Tanya Vernes 5 and Mandaka Marika 2 ABSTRACT. Over the past decade, there has been increased international interest in understanding and recognizing the contribution of Indigenous natural and cultural resource management, including Indigenous ranger work, to the sustainable management of social- ecological systems. In Australia, Indigenous rangers are responsible for managing land and seas that represent approximately 44% of the national protected area estate. Governments and other coinvestors seek to evaluate this ranger work and its contribution to biodiversity conservation and other public goods. However, current monitoring and evaluation approaches are based in conceptions of value and benefits and do not capture the full range of contributions and meanings associated with this work. We present an empirical case study from northern Australia in which we explore how to properly account for the full complexity and richness of Indigenous ranger work. We demonstrate that the work of being an Indigenous ranger at a Yolŋu (Indigenous people
    [Show full text]
  • The Wider Indigenous Community Benefits of Yirralka Rangers in Blue Mud Bay, Northeast Arnhem Land | Final Report
    Rangers in place: the wider Indigenous community benefits of Yirralka Rangers in Blue Mud Bay, northeast Arnhem Land | Final report By Marcus Barber Report Title Author’s name Acknowledgements My sincere thanks go to the rangers and residents of Baniyala and GanGan in Northeast Arnhem Land, in particular Madarrpa clan elder and Baniyala community leader Djambawa Marawili. Thanks to staff at the Yirralka Rangers, The Mulka Project, and the Buku-Larrnggay Mulka Arts Centre. This research was funded by the National Environmental Research Program, Northern Australia Hub supported by the Water for a Health Country and the Land & Water Flagships of the CSIRO. Thanks to Sue Jackson for her project leadership and considerable contribution to the literature review in Section 2 which is based on a forthcoming paper. Thanks also to fellow researchers on NERP 2.1 Indigenous livelihoods – Jon Altman, Sean Kerins, and Nic Gambold. Cathy Robinson, Sue Jackson, and David Preece provided important comments on the draft of this report. Film production would not have been possible without the invaluable contributions of Ishmael Marika and Joseph Brady from the Mulka Project, editorial expertise from Vidhi Shah, and logistical support by David Preece and other staff from Yirralka Rangers. Front cover: Male rangers on sea patrol Back cover: Female Yirralka Rangers making soap at Baniyala ranger station Important disclaimer CSIRO advises that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation.
    [Show full text]
  • EXPERIMENTS in SELF-DETERMINATION Histories of the Outstation Movement in Australia
    EXPERIMENTS IN SELF-DETERMINATION Histories of the outstation movement in Australia EXPERIMENTS IN SELF-DETERMINATION Histories of the outstation movement in Australia Edited by Nicolas Peterson and Fred Myers MONOGRAPHS IN ANTHROPOLOGY SERIES Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Title: Experiments in self-determination : histories of the outstation movement in Australia / editors: Nicolas Peterson, Fred Myers. ISBN: 9781925022896 (paperback) 9781925022902 (ebook) Subjects: Community life. Community organization. Aboriginal Australians--Social conditions--20th century. Aboriginal Australians--Social life and customs--20th century. Other Creators/Contributors: Peterson, Nicolas, 1941- editor. Myers, Fred R., 1948- editor. Dewey Number: 305.89915 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press This edition © 2016 ANU Press Contents List of maps . vii List of figures . ix List of tables . xi Preface and acknowledgements . xiii 1 . The origins and history of outstations as Aboriginal life projects . 1 Fred Myers and Nicolas Peterson History and memory 2 . From Coombes to Coombs: Reflections on the Pitjantjatjara outstation movement . 25 Bill Edwards 3 . Returning to country: The Docker River project . 47 Jeremy Long 4 . ‘Shifting’: The Western Arrernte’s outstation movement . 61 Diane Austin-Broos Western Desert complexities 5 . History, memory and the politics of self-determination at an early outstation .
    [Show full text]
  • A Bibliography of Indigenous Ecological Knowledge in Northern Australia
    A Bibliography of Indigenous Ecological Knowledge in Northern Australia Prepared by Dr Gary Scott ARC Linkage Project - Indigenous Knowledge and Resource Management in Northern Australia School of Australian Indigenous Knowledge Systems Charles Darwin University June 2004 Note: For the purposes of constructing this bibliography the following search limits were set: Geographic extent: Northern Australia was broadly defined as including Torres Strait Islands, Cape York and Far North Queensland, the Gulf Country, the Top End (roughly comprising the jurisdiction of the Northern Land Council, the Tiwi Land Council and the Anindilyakwa Land Council) and the Kimberley region. A few references from the Pilbara region of Western Australia are also included along with one or two references from Central Australia as well as a number of refer- ences with nationwide geographic coverage. Subject extent: The general rule followed was that references needed to directly address the indigenous people / envi- ronment (country) relationship, particularly, but not exclusively, in the context of contemporary resource management practices. Searches were made under terms such as ‘indigenous fire management’, ‘traditional bush medicine’, Aboriginal environmental knowledge’, ‘Aboriginal resources’ and so on. Therefore anthropological studies that primarily described indigenous kinship relationships, even if they discussed them in relation to land ownership patterns, were generally ex- cluded. Otherwise, the final result would have been to make the bibliography top-heavy with references more relevant to land claim research than to indigenous ecological knowledge research. ID Author Title Source Year Item Type Description Keywords The AERC keeps an archive focussing on the cultures and environments of Indigenous peoples. Aboriginal Environments The AERC is creating a web-accessible database of relevant bibliographic references and related Research Centre: online images.
    [Show full text]