The Memoirs of Victor Hugo
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Class Struggles in France 1848-1850
Karl Marx The Class Struggles in France, 1848-1850 Written: December January-October 1850; Published: as a booklet by Engels in 1895; Source: Selected Works, Volume 1, Progress Publishers, Moscow 1969; Proofed: and corrected by Matthew Carmody, 2009, Mark Harris 2010; Transcribed: by Louis Proyect. Table of Contents Introduction (Engels, 1895) ......................................................................................................... 1 Part I: The Defeat of June 1848 ................................................................................................. 15 Part II: From June 1848 to June 13, 1849 .................................................................................. 31 Part III: Consequences of June 13, 1849 ................................................................................... 50 Part IV: The Abolition of Universal Suffrage in 1850 .............................................................. 70 Introduction (Engels, 1895)1 The work republished here was Marx’s first attempt to explain a piece of contemporary history by means of his materialist conception, on the basis of the prevailing economic situation. In the Communist Manifesto, the theory was applied in broad outline to the whole of modern history; in the articles by Marx and myself in the Neue Rheinische Zeitung, it was constantly used to interpret political events of the day. Here, on the other hand, the question was to demonstrate the inner causal connection in the course of a development which extended over some years, a development -
Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2013 Long Live the Revolutions: Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880 Heather Marlene Bennett University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Bennett, Heather Marlene, "Long Live the Revolutions: Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880" (2013). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 734. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/734 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/734 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Long Live the Revolutions: Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880 Abstract The traumatic legacies of the Paris Commune and its harsh suppression in 1871 had a significant impact on the identities and voter outreach efforts of each of the chief political blocs of the 1870s. The political and cultural developments of this phenomenal decade, which is frequently mislabeled as calm and stable, established the Republic's longevity and set its character. Yet the Commune's legacies have never been comprehensively examined in a way that synthesizes their political and cultural effects. This dissertation offers a compelling perspective of the 1870s through qualitative and quantitative analyses of the influence of these legacies, using sources as diverse as parliamentary debates, visual media, and scribbled sedition on city walls, to explicate the decade's most important political and cultural moments, their origins, and their impact. -
Les Références Antiques Et Modernes Dans Smarra
Francis Claudon Université de Paris XII [email protected] Les Références antiques et modernes dans Smarra Abstract: Charles Nodier is often thought of as belonging to the “Frenetic School”, he is also perceived as an eccentric author, almost as a humorist, which therefore contrasts with the graveness of the major romantic authors, such as Hugo, Novalis or Shelley. Yet, upon taking a closer look, it becomes obvious that Nodier cultivated “horror”, that is a type of romanticism which would later come to be termed “Black Romanticism”. It is also true that this deeply erudite man very skillfully borrowed elements from various sources in order to create a literature of his own, tales which are his, and his only. In this respect, Nodier is an interesting author for comparative studies. Such is the interest of Smarra, Smarra which initially seems to be an imitation of Apuleius. Yet, when studying the antique text closely, it appears that the Latin author really screens another reference, Shakespeare, the allusions to whom are numerous and difficult to decrypt. The result, a juxtaposition of antiquity and modernity, creates a specific coloring, itself reminiscent of the work of the painter Füssli, who also adapted freely Shakespearian sources, adding to them a sort of neoclassic halo. The true charm of Smarra resides there; Nodier is neither an eccentric nor an amateur, his romanticism is very educated and situates him midway between the erudition of the Enlightenment and the illumination of Romanticism. Keywords: freneticism, influences, Shakespeare, Antiquity, painting. Résumé: On range volontiers Charles Nodier parmi les membres de l’école frénétique ; on le tient aussi pour un auteur fantaisiste, voire humoriste, qui trancherait donc avec le sérieux des « grands » romantiques (Hugo, Novalis, Shelley). -
GERMAN LITERARY FAIRY TALES, 1795-1848 by CLAUDIA MAREIKE
ROMANTICISM, ORIENTALISM, AND NATIONAL IDENTITY: GERMAN LITERARY FAIRY TALES, 1795-1848 By CLAUDIA MAREIKE KATRIN SCHWABE A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2012 1 © 2012 Claudia Mareike Katrin Schwabe 2 To my beloved parents Dr. Roman and Cornelia Schwabe 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisory committee chair, Dr. Barbara Mennel, who supported this project with great encouragement, enthusiasm, guidance, solidarity, and outstanding academic scholarship. I am particularly grateful for her dedication and tireless efforts in editing my chapters during the various phases of this dissertation. I could not have asked for a better, more genuine mentor. I also want to express my gratitude to the other committee members, Dr. Will Hasty, Dr. Franz Futterknecht, and Dr. John Cech, for their thoughtful comments and suggestions, invaluable feedback, and for offering me new perspectives. Furthermore, I would like to acknowledge the abundant support and inspiration of my friends and colleagues Anna Rutz, Tim Fangmeyer, and Dr. Keith Bullivant. My heartfelt gratitude goes to my family, particularly my parents, Dr. Roman and Cornelia Schwabe, as well as to my brother Marius and his wife Marina Schwabe. Many thanks also to my dear friends for all their love and their emotional support throughout the years: Silke Noll, Alice Mantey, Lea Hüllen, and Tina Dolge. In addition, Paul and Deborah Watford deserve special mentioning who so graciously and welcomingly invited me into their home and family. Final thanks go to Stephen Geist and his parents who believed in me from the very start. -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscripthas been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dépendent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complété manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographie prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9325544 Figures de la coupure: Une étude de l’oeuvre fictionnelle de Charles Nodier Lowe-Dupas, Hélène Marie, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1993 Copyright ©1993 by Lowe-Dupas, Hélène Marie. -
Nodier's Fantasticism. As a Matter of Fact, the Temptations of the Devils Sur- Pass in Number the Interventions of the Saints
NODIER'S FANTASTICISM BY MAXIMILIAN J. RUDWIN FRENCH Romanticism is indebted to its schoolmaster for its fantastic element. The group of young men who gathered around Charles Nodier (1780-1844) Sunday evenings in his salon at the Arsenal (1824-7) to carry out under his leadership the liter- ary revolution called Romanticism followed their host to his holding in the country of fantasy.^ This writer fathered the Fantastic in French fiction. Nodier was a fanatic fantaisiste. He was obsessed with the phantasmagoric world. Reality was to him, as to Hoff- mann, but a pretext for the flight of his imagination. This culti- vated and learned man of letters, this editor and librarian, this bibli- ographer and lexicographer, this grammarian and historian, this botanist and entomologist, this traveler and man of affairs lived in a world of dreams. Nodier had a very complex character. He was at once sceptical and superstitious, heretic and mystic, revolutionary and royalist. This investigator and innovator felt an affinity for the frantic and fantastic.- He had an infatuation for the accidental and exceptional, for the fabulous and monstrous, for the mysterious and miraculous. Our writer was passionately fond of fairy-tales and ghost-stories, of Eastern legends and Western myths. As a boy he read fantastic stories with such relish that he was willing, as he tells us himself, to give ten years of his life for the Fantastic. Nodier's first novel, le Pehitrc dc Saltabourg (1803), already showed its author's preoccupation with the supernatural and supra- sensual. His introduction to Taylor's collection of prints, Ics Voy- ages pittoresqnes ct romantiqucs dans I'ancienne France (1820ff.), expressed the enthusiasm for national antiquities to which Nodier gradually rose. -
The Cases of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Edgar Allan Poe Dissertation P
THE MIDDLE EAST IN ANTEBELLUM AMERICA: THE CASES OF RALPH WALDO EMERSON, NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE, AND EDGAR ALLAN POE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Ahmed Nidal Almansour ***** The Ohio State University 2005 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Steven S. Fink, Adviser Professor Jared Gardner _______________________ Professor Elizabeth Hewitt Adviser English Copyright by Ahmed Nidal Almansour 2005 ABSTRACT The presence of the Middle East in the works of American artists between the Revolution and the Civil War is pervasive and considerable. What makes this outlandish element of critical significance is that its proliferation coincided with the emerging American literary identity. The wide spectrum of meanings that was related to it adds even more significance to its critical value. In its theoretical approach, this work uses Raymond Schwab’s The Oriental Renaissance as a ground for all its arguments. It considers the rise of the Oriental movement in America to be a continuation of what had already started of Oriental researches in Europe. Like their counterparts in Europe, the American writers who are selected for this study were genuinely interested in identifying with the Oriental thought. The European mediation, however, should not be allowed to hold any significance other than pointing to the fact that French, German, and English Orientalist organizations were more technically equipped. The sentiment of identification with the East resonated equally on both sides of the Atlantic. This work investigates three cases from antebellum America: Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Edgar Allan Poe. -
D: the Bourbons Restored; Louis XVIII and the Charter; Charles X and the Revolution of 1830
F962B2: Monarchy, Republic and Empire; France 1814-70 How successful was the Reign of Louis XVIII 1814 . Louis XVIII was old, weak and unpopular. He was an uninspiring figure to the French, who were used to Napoleonic glory. Louis had been imposed by the allies and was accordingly resented. Louis did little to inspire France with new policies. There were rumours that he would confiscate property seized from nobles during the last twenty years. The armies occupying Paris demanded that Louis XVIII implement a constitution. The Charter . The Charter of 1814 guranteed Freedom of Religion, a legislature composed of the Chamber of Deputies and the Chamber of Peers and limited press freedom,. The property would remain in the hands of their current owners. Taxation was to be voted on by the chambers. Catholicism was the official religion of France. Candidates for the Chamber of Deputies had to pay over 1,000 francs per year in tax, and be over the age of forty. The King appointed peers to the Chamber of Peers on a hereditary basis, or for life at his discretion. Deputies were to elected every five years, with one fifth of them up for election each year. There were 90,000 citizens eligible to vote. This meant that the Chamber was dominated by the aristocracy for most of the time from 1814- 30. The Settlement . Louis XVIII signed the Treaty of Paris on 30 May 1814. The treaty gave France her 1792 borders, which extended east of the Rhine. She had to pay no war indemnity, and the occupying armies of the Sixth Coalition withdrew instantly from French soil. -
Appendix: Translations from Mérimée's La Guzla
Appendix: Translations from Mérimée’s La Guzla On vampirism In Illyria, in Poland, In Hungary, in Turkey and part of Germany, one would risk being reproached for irreligion and immorality if one denied publicly the existence of vampires. Vampire (vukodlak in Illyrian) is the name for a dead man who leaves his tomb, normally at night, and who torments the living. Often he sucks their necks; other times he squeezes their throats to the point of suffocating them. Those who die in such a way by the act of a vampire become vampires themselves after their deaths. It would appear that all feelings of natural affection have been destroyed within vampires; for, it has been noted that they would torment their friends and parents rather than strangers. Some believe that a man becomes a vampire through divine punishment; others that he has been propelled towards this by a peculiar sort of fate. The most vouched-for opinion is that schismatics buried in holy ground, unable to find any rest therein, and the excommunicated are avenging themselves upon the living for the agonies which they endure. The signs of vampirism are as follows: a corpse remaining preserved after a time when other bodies have begun to putrefy, the fluidity of blood, the suppleness of limbs etc. It is also said that vampires have their eyes open in their graves and that their nails and hair grow like those of the living. Some of them are recognisable by the noise that they make in their tombs while chewing quite about everything that surrounds them, often their very skin. -
Salem Belles, Succubi, and the Scarlet Letter: Transatlantic Witchcraft and Gothic Erotic Affect
Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2019-08-01 Salem Belles, Succubi, and The Scarlet Letter: Transatlantic Witchcraft and Gothic Erotic Affect Sylvia Cutler Brigham Young University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Cutler, Sylvia, "Salem Belles, Succubi, and The Scarlet Letter: Transatlantic Witchcraft and Gothic Erotic Affect" (2019). Theses and Dissertations. 8583. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8583 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Salem Belles, Succubi, and The Scarlet Letter: Transatlantic Witchcraft and Gothic Erotic Affect Sylvia Cutler A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Mary Kathleen Eyring, Chair Robert James Hudson Nicholas A. Mason Department of English Brigham Young University Copyright © 2019 Sylvia Cutler All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Salem Belles, Succubi, and The Scarlet Letter: Transatlantic Witchcraft and Gothic Erotic Affect Sylvia Cutler Department of English, BYU Master of Arts In order to reconcile the absence of sexually deviant witch figures (succubae, demonic women, etc.) within the formation of American national literature in the nineteenth century with the -
Concept & Origin/Historical Development of the Short Story 1.1
Chapter One: Concept & Origin/Historical development of the Short story 1.1. The Concept of Short Story A short story is a brief work of literature, usually written in narrative prose. The short story has grown to encompass a body of work so diverse as to defy easy characterization. At its most prototypical, the short story features a small cast of named characters, and focuses on a self- contained incident with the intent of evoking a "single effect" or mood. In so doing, short stories make use of plot, resonance, and other dynamic components to a far greater degree than is typical of an anecdote, yet to a far lesser degree than a novel. While the short story is largely distinct from the novel, authors of both generally draw from a common pool of literary techniques. Short stories have no set length. In terms of word count there is no official demarcation between an anecdote, a short story, and a novel. Rather, the form's parameters are given by the rhetorical and practical context in which ,story may differ between genres, countries, eras, and commentators. Like the novel, the short story's predominant shape reflects the demands of the available markets for publication, and the evolution of the form seems closely tied to the evolution of the publishing industry and the submission guidelines of its constituent houses. The short story has been considered both an apprenticeship form preceding more lengthy works, and a crafted form in its own right, collected together in books of similar length, price, and distribution as novels. -
Victor Schoelcher's Views on Race and Slavery
This dissertation has been 65-13,290 microfilmed exactly as received W E L B O R N , Jr., Max, 1928- VICTOR SCHOELCHER'S VIEWS ON RACE AND SLAVERY. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1965 History, mo d e m University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan VICTOR SCHOELCHER'S VIEWS ON RACE AND SLAVERY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University Max Welbom, Jr., B.A., M.A. *♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ The Ohio State University 1965 Approved by Adviser Department of History ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to acknowledge the assistance rendered by the staffs of the following libraries: the RLbliotheque Nationale, BLbliotheque d'Outre-Mer and the Archives du Ministere des Colonies in Paris J The Ohio State University, Miami University, University of Cincinnati, Wilberforce College, and Cleveland Public Libraries in the United States. I should also acknowledge the valuable help offered me in Paris during the research phase of this dissertation by Professor Aaron Noland of the City College of New York, and by Miss Mary Storer, an American resident in Paris. Above all, I am indebted to tty adviser, Professor Robert H. Bremner of The Ohio State University, whose services in connection with this dissertation were of inestimable value. ii VITA October 12, I928 B o m - New York, New York 195 1............ B.A., Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 1952 ••••••• M.A., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania I 9 5 7 . I 9 5 9 ........ Graduate Assistant, Department of History, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1959-1961.......