DOCSLIB.ORG

Chemical Characteristics of Wine Made by Disease Tolerant Varieties

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chemical Characteristics of Wine Made by Disease Tolerant Varieties UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI UDINE in agreement with FONDAZIONE EDMUND MACH PhD School in Agricultural Science and Biotechnology Cycle XXX Doctoral Thesis Chemical characteristics of wine made by disease tolerant varieties PhD Candidate Supervisor Silvia Ruocco Dr. Urska Vrhovsek Co-Supervisor Prof. Doris Rauhut DEFENCE YEAR 2018 To the best gift that life gave us: to you Nonna Rosa CONTENTS Abstract 1 Aim of the PhD project 2 Chapter 1 Introduction 3 Preface to Chapter 2 17 Chapter 2 The metabolomic profile of red non-V. vinifera genotypes 19 Preface to Chapter 3 and 4 50 Chapter 3 Study of the composition of grape from disease tolerant varieties 56 Chapter 4 Investigation of volatile and non-volatile compounds of wine 79 produced by disease tolerant varieties Concluding remarks 140 Summary of PhD experiences 141 Acknowledgements 142 Abstract Vitis vinifera L. is the most widely cultivated Vitis species around the world which includes a great number of cultivars. Owing to the superior quality of their grapes, these cultivars were long considered the only suitable for the production of high quality wines. However, the lack of resistance genes to fungal diseases like powdery and downy mildew (Uncinula necator and Plasmopara viticola) makes it necessary the application of huge amounts of chemical products in vineyard. Thus, the search for alternative and more sustainable methods to control the major grapevine pathogens have increased the interest in new disease tolerant varieties. Chemical characterisation of these varieties is an important prerequisite to evaluate and promote their use on the global wine market. The aim of this project was to produce a comprehensive study of some promising new disease tolerant varieties recently introduced to the cultivation by identifying the peculiar aspects of their composition and measuring their positive and negative quality traits. A multi- targeted approach using different analytical techniques (GC-MS, UPLC-MS, NMR and FTIR analysis) was adopted to investigate the main classes of volatile and non-volatile compounds which play a key role in the organoleptic and sensory properties of wine. The findings of this study provide a clear picture of the chemical profile of wine made from a selection of mildew tolerant varieties. Knowledge gained would serve to evaluate their use for quality wine production as well as to suggest the most appropriate winemaking style, allowing the improvement of the wine quality and valorisation of the characteristics of each grapevine variety. Considering that grape quality is crucial for wine quality, the chemical composition of the grapes from mildew tolerant varieties was also investigated. Additionally, bearing in mind the role of wild Vitis genotypes as a source of genetic resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, the metabolomic profile of red grapes from non-V. vinifera genotypes was explored. By evaluating these wild genotypes, it was possible to assess the value of this grape germplasm and the information acquired could provide wider choices to the breeders. To the best of our knowledge this survey is the most extended metabolomic profiling study on non-V. vinifera genotypes. 1 Aim of the PhD project Recently, the continuous use of plant protection products and the growing awareness of their negative consequences on environment and human health have led to search for alternative and low impact strategies to control the major grapevine pathogens. Disease tolerant varieties of Vitis vinifera, which combine high wine quality and resistance to pathogens, have the potential to reduce the application of chemical products significantly as well as to reduce the production costs. Therefore, they represent one of the most promising tools for a more sustainable viticulture. To promote their use and diffusion for wine production, it is necessary to gain more information about their qualitative traits. The main aim of the project was to characterise the chemical composition of wine produced by some promising disease tolerant grape varieties grown in Italy and Germany in different vintages. To identify and quantify the main classes of compounds involved in determining the organoleptic and sensory properties of wine, the targeted analysis was taken into account. Both volatile and non-volatile profile of the wines under study was investigated. Since grape quality is a crucial prerequisite for wine quality, the chemical composition of the grapes from mildew tolerant varieties was also determined. Considering the role of wild Vitis genotypes as a source of genetic resistance to biotic and also abiotic stresses, it was very interesting to explore the composition of their grapes. This thesis focuses on the three following topics: study of the grape metabolomic composition, in terms of polyphenols and lipids, of seven non-V. vinifera genotypes in different vintages (chapter 2); analysis of the composition of grape from a selection of some promising disease tolerant varieties cultivated in Italy and Germany (chapter 3); analysis of the volatile and non-volatile profile of wine produced by disease tolerant varieties grown in Italy and Germany in three different vintages (chapter 4). 2 CHAPTER 1 Introduction 3 General introduction Grapevine is one of the most widespread and cultivated fruit crops worldwide since ancient times. Today the world’s total area under vines accounts for about 7.5 million hectares, of which over 3.3 million hectares of vineyards are distributed in Europe (from ‘OIV Statistical Report on World Vitiviniculture’ – 2017 release). The high versatility of grapes deriving from their use in production of wine, grape juice, jam, vinegar and other products has also made grapevine one of the most economically important plant species in the world. 1.1 The Genus Vitis The grape is a member of the family Vitaceae, within the genus Vitis which involves about 60 species in total classified in two sub-genera, Euvitis and Muscadinia (Table 1). The species of these two subgenera differ in anatomic, taxonomist and cytological traits. Euvitis species possess 38 chromosomes (2n=2x=38), shredding bark, non-prominent lenticels, pyriform seeds and nodal diaphragms; Muscadinia species contain 40 chromosomes (2n=2x=40), non-shredding bark, prominent lenticels, naviform seeds and no diaphragm interrupting the pith at nodes (Reisch, Owens, & Cousins, 2012). Subgenus Euvitis comprises the vast majority of the species which are the most important in viticulture while only three species, mainly distributed in the southern United States and eastern Mexico, are included in the subgenus Muscadinia. Crosses between two subgenera are feasible even if the resulting progeny is often characterised by poor fertility probably because of an imprecise separation of chromosomes during meiosis. Within the same subgenus, species can be crossed producing a fertile progeny (Mullins, Bouquet, & Williams, 1992). Among all the species of the genus Vitis, the most renewed is the European grape Vitis vinifera which is native of the Mediterranean basin, southern and central Europe, northern Africa, and southwest and central Asia. The domestication of V. vinifera subsp. vinifera (or sativa) from its wild ancestor (V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris) probably occurred approximately 5000 years ago somewhere in Asia Minor or Armenia (Alleweldt & Pissingham, 1988). During this process grapes underwent several dramatic changes in order to increase the sugar content for better fermentation and yield, and also to have a more regular production. In particular, the modifications occurred in 4 berry and bunch size, in seed morphology and in its reproductive structure changing from dioecious wild plants to hermaphrodite ones (This, Lacombe, & Thomas, 2006). Table 1. Classification and geographical distribution of Vitis species. Order Rhamnales Family Vitaceae Genus Vitis Subgenus Euvitis Subgenus Euvitis Series Species Origin Series Species Origin I. Candicansae V. candicans North Am. (East) VIII. Flexuosae V. flexuosa Asia V. doaniana North Am. (East) V. thunbergii Asia V. longii North Am. (East) V. betulifolia Asia V. coriacea North Am. (East) V. reticulata Asia V. simpsonii North Am. (East) V. amurensis Asia V. champinii North Am. (East) V. piasekii Asia II. Labruscae V. labrusca North Am. (East) V. embergeri Asia V. coignetiae Asia V. pentagona Asia III. Caribaeae V. caribaea North Am. (South) V. chunganensis Asia V. blancoii North Am. (East) V.chingii Asia V. lanata Asia V. piloso-nerva Asia IV. Arizonae V. arizonica North Am. (West) V. balsalsaeana Asia V. californica North Am. (West) V. hancockii Asia V. girdiana North Am. (West) V. hexamera Asia V. treleasei North Am. (West) V. pedicellata Asia V. Cinereae V. cinerea North Am. (East) V. retordii Asia V. berlandieri North Am. (East) V. seguinii Asia V. baileyana North Am. (East) V. silvestrii Asia V. bourgeana North Am. (South) V. tsoii Asia VI. Aestivalae V. aestivalis North Am. (East) V. byroniifolia Asia V. lincecumii North Am. (East) IX. Spinosae V. armata Asia V. bicolor North Am. (East) V. davidii Asia V. gigas North Am. (East) V. romanetii Asia V. rufotomentosa North Am. (East) X. Ripariae V. riparia North Am. (East) V. bourquina North Am. (East) V. rupestris North Am. (East) VII. Cordifoliae V. cordifolia North Am. (East) XI. Viniferae V. vinifera Eurasia V. rubra North Am. (East) Subgenus Muscadinia V. monticola North Am. (East) V. rotundifolia North Am. (East) V. ilex North Am. (East) V. munsoniana North Am. (East) V. helleri North Am. (East) V. popenoei
Load more

Recommended publications
  • What Is Wine?
    Developing a Consumer Language to Describe Local Red Wines Using Projective Mapping by Heather Jantzi Thesis Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Nutrition with Honours Acadia University March, 2017 ©Copyright by Heather Jantzi, 2017 This thesis by Heather Jantzi is accepted in its present form by the School of Nutrition and Dietetics as satisfying the thesis requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science with Honours Approved by the Thesis Supervisor __________________________ ____________________ Dr. Matt McSweeney Date Approved by the Head of the Department __________________________ ____________________ Dr. Catherine Morley Date Approved by the Honours Committee __________________________ ____________________ Dr. Jun Yang Date ii I, Heather Jantzi, grant permission to the University Librarian at Acadia University to reproduce, loan or distribute copies of my thesis in microform, paper or electronic formats on a non-profit basis. I however, retain the copyright in my thesis. _________________________________ Signature of Author _________________________________ Date iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank Dr. Matthew McSweeney for supervising this research project. His ongoing support and constructive feedback took away my fears of writing a thesis, and his humour and energy made my learning experience more enjoyable than I ever anticipated. I also extend great thanks to Dr. Catherine Morley; her enthusiasm for nutrition research inspired me to pursue a topic I was passionate about and her outstanding teaching skills provided me with the foundations I needed to turn my research curiosities into reality. Thank you to my parents, Brad and Kristine Jantzi, for encouraging me to make the most out of my university experience.
    [Show full text]
  • Grape Disease Control 2018
    GRAPE DISEASE CONTROL, 2018 Bryan Hed, Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Penn State University, Lake Erie Regional Grape Research and Extension Center, North East PA 16428 ([email protected]) As many of you know Wayne Wilcox, who has annually provided us with an incredibly thorough grape disease management update each spring, has retired. Filling Wayne's shoes is going to be a tall task to say the least, and the search for his replacement goes on. For now, I will attempt to provide a brief summary of some of the pertinent changes in grape disease control that I hope will be useful for grape growers in the 2018 season. For consistency, I'll roughly be using Wayne's format from his previous newsletter from June of 2017. FUNGICIDE CHANGES, NEWS, & REVIEWS Here is some new, and sort of new information regarding grape fungicides in 2018. First, Aprovia/Aprovia Top. The active ingredient in Aprovia is solatenol (benzovindiflupyr), and while it does not represent a new chemical class for us grape growers (succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor or SDHI) it is one of those 'new generation' SDHIs that Wayne spoke of last year. The SDHI fungicides belong to FRAC Group 7, which also includes chemistries in products like Endura and Pristine (boscalid) and Luna Experience (fluopyram). Aprovia was available for use in most states last year, but has now been labeled for use in New York as well. As a solo product, Aprovia is very effective for the control of powdery mildew as trials in NY over several years have shown.
    [Show full text]
  • Powdery Mildew of Grapes
    report on RPD No. 773 PLANT December 2019 DEPARTMENT OF CROP SCIENCES DISEASE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN POWDERY MILDEW OF GRAPE Powdery mildew is caused by the fungus Uncinula necator. This fungus was reported in North America in 1834. Powdery mildew occurs in most grape growing areas of the world. If not managed effectively on susceptible cultivars, the disease can reduce vine growth, yield, quality, and winter hardiness. Cultivars of Vitis vinifera and its hybrids (French hybrids) are generally much more susceptible to powdery mildew than are native American cultivars such a Concord. Symptoms Uncinula necator can infect all green tissues of the grapevines. The fungus penetrate only epidermal cells, sending haustoria into them to absorb nutrients. Although haustoria are found only in epidermal cells, neighboring noninvaded cells may become necrotic. The presence of mycelia with conidiophores and conidia on the surface of the host tissue gives it a whitish gray, dusty or powdery appearance. Both surfaces of leaves of any age are susceptible to infection (Figure 1). _____________________________________________________________________________ For further information concerning diseases of small fruits, contact Dr. Mohammad Babadoost, Extension Specialist in Fruit and Vegetable Pathology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. University of Illinois Extension provides equal opportunities in programs and employment. - 2 - Young expanding leaves that are infected become distorted and stunted (Figure 2). Petioles and cluster stems are susceptible to infection throughout the growing season. Once infected, they become brittle and may break as the season progresses. When green shoots are infected, the affected tissues appear dark brown to black in feathery patches (Figure 3), which later appear reddish brown on the dormant canes.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Grape Maturity at OSU Research Vineyards Imed Dami, Diane Kinney, Andy Kirk, Yvonne Woodworth, the Ohio State University
    OHIO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER 2019 Grape Maturity at OSU Research Vineyards Imed Dami, Diane Kinney, Andy Kirk, Yvonne Woodworth, The Ohio State University. Thanks to the continuous interest by Ohio growers and vintners and support by the Ohio Grape Industries Committee, we are pleased to resume monitoring fruit maturity progression of varieties grown at the research vineyards during the 2019 season. This information will be sent weekly to OGEN subscribers and posted on the program website, Buckeye Appellation. The date of berry sampling and corresponding heat units or growing degree days (GDD) are included. Note that the GDD in your location could be higher or lower than that at our sites. For example, at the Wooster research vineyard, grape ripening of similar varieties is typically 1 to 2 weeks behind central and southern Ohio, and 1 to 2 weeks ahead of more northern latitude vineyards and on Lake Erie shores. To determine the GDD in your location, visit the OSU-GDD Calculator. To learn more about monitoring fruit maturity and berry sampling, please read OSU factsheet at the following link: Are your grapes ready to pick? Click here for Fruit maturity from previous years. We wish you bountiful and successful harvest!! rape maturity of grape varieties at the Wooster research vineyard: G (1) Sampling Date: 8/20/2019 (GDD=2138) 100 Harvest Variety Berry SS (%) pH T.A. (g/L) FMI Date wt (g) Chardonnay 136 15.2 2.93 16.9 9 Chambourcin 187 14.3 2.79 18.3 8 La Crescent 138 17.9 2.89 16.0 11 Marquette 144 18.3 2.90 16.1 11 Regent 169 17.0 3.20 13.3 13 Sauvignon blanc 139 17.5 2.94 16.8 10 *SS: soluble solids, which estimate sugar concentration in grape juice using a refractometer.
    [Show full text]
  • Wine-Grower-News #283 8-30-14
    Wine-Grower-News #283 8-30-14 Midwest Grape & Wine Industry Institute: http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Wine Information in this issue includes: Results of the 6th Annual Cold Climate Competition 8-31, Upper Mississippi Valley Grape Growers Field Day-Baldwin, IA Book Review - THE POWER OF VISUAL STORYTELLING Which States Sell Wine in Grocery Stores - infographic 9-10, Evening Vineyard Walk - Verona, WI 9-(13-14), Principles of Wine Sensory Evaluation – Brainerd, MN 9-27, 5th Annual Loess Hills Wine Festival – Council Bluffs Good Agricultural Practices: Workshops Set for Fall 2014, Spring 2015 10-30 to 11-1, American Wine Society National Conference – Concord, NC Neeto Keeno Show n Tell Videos of Interest Marketing Tidbits Notable Quotables Articles of Interest Calendar of Events th Results of the 6 Annual Cold Climate Competition The 2014 Annual Cold Climate Competition that was held in Minneapolis, MN. The judging involved 284 wines from 59 commercial wineries in 11 states. The 21 expert wine judges awarded 10 Double Gold, 23 Gold, 67 Silver and 80 Bronze medals at this year’s event. Check out the winners here: http://mgga.publishpath.com/Websites/mgga/images/Competition%20Images/2014ICCW CPressRelease_National.pdf Grape Harvest has started in Iowa. Remember to use the Iowa Wine Growers Association “Classifieds” to buy or sell grapes: http://iowawinegrowers.org/category/classifieds/ 1 8-31, Upper Mississippi Valley Grape Growers Field Day - Baldwin, IA When: 1 p.m. - 2:30 pm, Sunday, August 31, 2014 Where: Tabor Home Vineyards & Winery 3570 67th, Street Baldwin, IA 52207 Agenda: This field day covers a vineyard tour, a comparison and evaluation of the NE 2010 cultivars from the University of Minnesota & Cornell University and a chance to sample fresh grapes of the new cultivars and selections.
    [Show full text]
  • Determining the Classification of Vine Varieties Has Become Difficult to Understand Because of the Large Whereas Article 31
    31 . 12 . 81 Official Journal of the European Communities No L 381 / 1 I (Acts whose publication is obligatory) COMMISSION REGULATION ( EEC) No 3800/81 of 16 December 1981 determining the classification of vine varieties THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Whereas Commission Regulation ( EEC) No 2005/ 70 ( 4), as last amended by Regulation ( EEC) No 591 /80 ( 5), sets out the classification of vine varieties ; Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, Whereas the classification of vine varieties should be substantially altered for a large number of administrative units, on the basis of experience and of studies concerning suitability for cultivation; . Having regard to Council Regulation ( EEC) No 337/79 of 5 February 1979 on the common organization of the Whereas the provisions of Regulation ( EEC) market in wine C1), as last amended by Regulation No 2005/70 have been amended several times since its ( EEC) No 3577/81 ( 2), and in particular Article 31 ( 4) thereof, adoption ; whereas the wording of the said Regulation has become difficult to understand because of the large number of amendments ; whereas account must be taken of the consolidation of Regulations ( EEC) No Whereas Article 31 of Regulation ( EEC) No 337/79 816/70 ( 6) and ( EEC) No 1388/70 ( 7) in Regulations provides for the classification of vine varieties approved ( EEC) No 337/79 and ( EEC) No 347/79 ; whereas, in for cultivation in the Community ; whereas those vine view of this situation, Regulation ( EEC) No 2005/70 varieties
    [Show full text]
  • Growing Grapes in Missouri
    MS-29 June 2003 GrowingGrowing GrapesGrapes inin MissouriMissouri State Fruit Experiment Station Missouri State University-Mountain Grove Growing Grapes in Missouri Editors: Patrick Byers, et al. State Fruit Experiment Station Missouri State University Department of Fruit Science 9740 Red Spring Road Mountain Grove, Missouri 65711-2999 http://mtngrv.missouristate.edu/ The Authors John D. Avery Patrick L. Byers Susanne F. Howard Martin L. Kaps Laszlo G. Kovacs James F. Moore, Jr. Marilyn B. Odneal Wenping Qiu José L. Saenz Suzanne R. Teghtmeyer Howard G. Townsend Daniel E. Waldstein Manuscript Preparation and Layout Pamela A. Mayer The authors thank Sonny McMurtrey and Katie Gill, Missouri grape growers, for their critical reading of the manuscript. Cover photograph cv. Norton by Patrick Byers. The viticulture advisory program at the Missouri State University, Mid-America Viticulture and Enology Center offers a wide range of services to Missouri grape growers. For further informa- tion or to arrange a consultation, contact the Viticulture Advisor at the Mid-America Viticulture and Enology Center, 9740 Red Spring Road, Mountain Grove, Missouri 65711- 2999; telephone 417.547.7508; or email the Mid-America Viticulture and Enology Center at [email protected]. Information is also available at the website http://www.mvec-usa.org Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction.................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 2 Considerations in Planning a Vineyard ........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Phenolic Compounds As Markers of Wine Quality and Authenticity
    foods Review Phenolic Compounds as Markers of Wine Quality and Authenticity Vakare˙ Merkyte˙ 1,2 , Edoardo Longo 1,2,* , Giulia Windisch 1,2 and Emanuele Boselli 1,2 1 Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bozen-Bolzano, Italy; [email protected] (V.M.); [email protected] (G.W.); [email protected] (E.B.) 2 Oenolab, NOI Techpark South Tyrol, Via A. Volta 13B, 39100 Bozen-Bolzano, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0471-017691 Received: 29 October 2020; Accepted: 28 November 2020; Published: 1 December 2020 Abstract: Targeted and untargeted determinations are being currently applied to different classes of natural phenolics to develop an integrated approach aimed at ensuring compliance to regulatory prescriptions related to specific quality parameters of wine production. The regulations are particularly severe for wine and include various aspects of the viticulture practices and winemaking techniques. Nevertheless, the use of phenolic profiles for quality control is still fragmented and incomplete, even if they are a promising tool for quality evaluation. Only a few methods have been already validated and widely applied, and an integrated approach is in fact still missing because of the complex dependence of the chemical profile of wine on many viticultural and enological factors, which have not been clarified yet. For example, there is a lack of studies about the phenolic composition in relation to the wine authenticity of white and especially rosé wines. This review is a bibliographic account on the approaches based on phenolic species that have been developed for the evaluation of wine quality and frauds, from the grape varieties (of V.
    [Show full text]
  • CHARDONEL – Still Wine Styles
    CHARDONEL – Still Wine Styles MEETING NOTICE The topic for our January meeting is "Chardonel Still Wine Styles". Fifty-nine wineries in Missouri produce wine using the Chardonel grape (1) , making it one of the most popular regional wines. Amateur wine makers in Missouri are fortunate that high quality Chardonel grapes are available from local vineyards. Steve Brunkhorst will lead the meeting, and will share his 2014 vintage Chardonel wines. We will taste his Chardonel produced in glass without flavor or aroma modification, and compare it to the same base wine produced with malolactic fermentation as well the same base wine aged with American oak. We will also taste Chardonel wines from several Missouri wineries. (1) apellationamerica.com CHARDONEL Still Wine Styles Missouri Winemaking Society January 21, 2016 Steve Brunkhorst CHARDONEL – Still Wine Styles Chardonel a cross of Seyval x Chardonnay in 1953. Fruit first observed 1958 Original vine propagated in 1960 Distinguished by superior wine quality combined with high productivity Cold hardiness superior to parent Chardonnay The 4th wine grape cultivar to be named by the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station Cayuga White (1972) Horizon ( 1983) Melody (1986). SOURCE www.hort.cornell.edu CHARDONEL – Still Wine Styles “This hybrid grape is a cross of the famed Chardonnay grape with the popular Seyval Blanc. Chardonel can be fermented in oak or stainless steel barrels, and the grapes produce a dry and full bodied wine. Depending on aging techniques, this hybrid may exude notes
    [Show full text]
  • Matching Grape Varieties to Sites Are Hybrid Varieties Right for Oklahoma?
    Matching Grape Varieties to Sites Are hybrid varieties right for Oklahoma? Bruce Bordelon Purdue University Wine Grape Team 2014 Oklahoma Grape Growers Workshop 2006 survey of grape varieties in Oklahoma: Vinifera 80%. Hybrids 15% American 7% Muscadines 1% Profiles and Challenges…continued… • V. vinifera cultivars are the most widely grown in Oklahoma…; however, observation and research has shown most European cultivars to be highly susceptible to cold damage. • More research needs to be conducted to elicit where European cultivars will do best in Oklahoma. • French-American hybrids are good alternatives due to their better cold tolerance, but have not been embraced by Oklahoma grape growers... Reasons for this bias likely include hybrid cultivars being perceived as lower quality than European cultivars, lack of knowledge of available hybrid cultivars, personal preference, and misinformation. Profiles and Challenges…continued… • The unpredictable continental climate of Oklahoma is one of the foremost obstacles for potential grape growers. • It is essential that appropriate site selection be done prior to planting. • Many locations in Oklahoma are unsuitable for most grapes, including hybrids and American grapes. • Growing grapes in Oklahoma is a risky endeavor and minimization of potential loss by consideration of cultivar and environmental interactions is paramount to ensure long-term success. • There are areas where some European cultivars may succeed. • Many hybrid and American grapes are better suited for most areas of Oklahoma than
    [Show full text]
  • Breeding Innovative Grape Varieties for Switzerland Johannes Rösti, Jean-Laurent Spring
    Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER Agroscope Breeding innovative grape varieties for Switzerland Johannes Rösti, Jean-Laurent Spring September 8 th 2017 www.agroscope.ch I good food, healthy environment New grape varieties allow for reduced pesticide use and improved wine quality 1. Clonal selection of ancient and traditional European varieties ( Vitis vinifera ) Improved agronomical traits (growth, nutrition, yield) Diversity of colour, aroma and taste Decrease sensibility to grey rot (Botrytis cinerea) 2. Breeding of new European varieties ( Vitis vinifera ) Improved agronomical traits (growth, nutrition, yield) Diversity of colour, aroma and taste Resistance to grey rot (Botrytis cinerea) 3. Breeding of hybrid/interspecific varieties Resistance to grey rot (Botrytis cinerea) Resistance to powdery and downy mildew Innovative grape varieties | Masters of Wine 2017 2 Johannes Rösti 1 Clonal selection of ancient and traditional European varieties ( Vitis vinifera ) 1. Safekeeping and selection of natural intravarietal biodiversity since 1923 2. Safekeeping of over 1800 biotypes of 24 ancient and traditional Swiss varieties 3. Up to now 48 certified clones 4. Focus on: - improved agronomical traits (growth, nutrition, yield) - diversity of colour, aroma and taste - decrease sensibility to grey rot ( Botrytis cinerea ) Innovative grape varieties | Masters of Wine 2017 3 Johannes Rösti Four different breeding programs at Agroscope since 1965 Métis V. vinifera Métis V. vinifera Hybrids Hybrids 1st generation
    [Show full text]
  • Determining the Mesoscale Impact of Climatic Change for Quebec's Winegrowing Bioclimatology
    Open Geospatial Viticulture: Determining the Mesoscale Impact of Climatic Change for Quebec©s Winegrowing Bioclimatology Trevor James Smith A thesis In the Department of Geography, Planning, and Environment Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Magisteriate in Science (Geography, Urban, and Environmental Studies) Concordia University Montréal, Québec Canada 24 February 2017 © 2017, Trevor James Smith, Some Rights Reserved Creative Commons 4.0 International BY-NC License (see Annex 6) CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY School of Graduate Studies This is to certify that the thesis prepared by Trevor James Smith Entitled Open Geospatial Viticulture: Determining the Mesoscale Impact of Climatic Change for Quebec©s Winegrowing Bioclimatology and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Magisteriate in Science (Geography, Urban, and Environmental Studies) complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by the final Examining Committee: ____________________________________________________ Chair Dr. Norma Rantisi _________________________________________________Examiner Dr. Norman K. Jones _________________________________________________Examiner Dr. Philippe Roy ________________________________________________Supervisor Dr. H. Damon Matthews Approved by ___________________________________________ Chair of Department ___________________________________________ Dean of Faculty of Arts and Science On ___________________________________________
    [Show full text]