March 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7239 ENERGY CONSERVATION IN -12 o'clock noon. Mter the two leaders DEPARTMENT OF STATE Bun.DINGS ACT OF 1975 have been recognized under the standing William A. Anders, of Virginia, to be Am­ order, Mr. GoLDWATER and Mr. MANs­ bassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, FIELD will be recognized, each for not to of the United States of America to Norway. on behalf of Mr. PROXMIRE, I ask the exceed 15 minutes, and in that order. DEPARTMENT OF STATE Chair to lay before the Senate a message There will then be a period for the David s. Smith, of the District of Colum­ from the House of Representatives on bia, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and H.R. 8650, an act to assist low-income transaction of routine morning business Plenipotentiary of the United States of persons in insulating their homes, to fa­ of not to exceed 30 minutes, with state­ America to Sweden. ments therein limited to 5 minutes each, cilitate State and local adoption of en­ DEPARTMENT OF STATE at the conclusion of which the Senate ergy conservation standards for new Fred 0. Pinkham, of Connecticut, to be an buildings, and to direct the Secretary of will proceed to the consideration of Sen­ Assistant Administrator of the Agency for Housing and Urban Development to un.. ate Resolution 406, a resolution entitled International Development, vice Jarold A. "The importance of sound relations with Kieffer, resigned. dertake research and to develop energy the Soviet Union." There is a time lim­ conservation performance standards. DEPARTMENT OF STATE The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. itation on that resolution, and a rollcall Maurice J. Williams, of West Virginia. SPARKMAN) laid before the Senate a vote on its disposition has already been chairman of the Development Assistance message from the House of Representa­ ordered. Committee of the Organization for Economic tives announcing its disagreement to the At some point during the afternoon of Cooperation and Development at Paris, amendment of the Senate to the bill Monday, the Senate will resume the con­ France, for the rank of Minister, while so (H.R. 8650) to assist low-income persons sideration of S. 3065, a bill to amend the serving. in insulating their homes, to facilitate Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE State and local adoption of energy con­ and rollcall votes will likely occur on Eldon L. Webb, of Kentucky, to be U.S. amendments, motions, and so forth, in attorney for the eastern district of Kentucky servation standards for new buildings, for the term of 4 years vice Eugene E. Siler, and to direct the Secretary of Housing relation to that measure. Jr., resigned. and Urban Development to undertake And may I say that other matters cleared for action may also be taken up IN THE MARINE CORPS research and to develop energy conser­ Lt. Gen. Samuel Jaskllka, U.S. Marine vation performance standards, and re­ on Monday. Corps, for appoln·tment to the grade of gen­ questing a conference with the Senate on eral while serving as Assistant Comm.andant the disagreeing votes of the two Houses of the Marine Corps in accordance with the thereon. ADJOURNMENT UNTIL MONDAY, provisions of title 10, United States Code. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I move that MARCH, 22, 1976 section 5202. the Senate insist upon its amendment Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, and agree to the request of the House for CONFIRMATIONS a conference, and that the Chair be au­ if there be no further business to come thorized to appoint the conferees on the before the Senate, I move, in accordance Ex ·~cutive nominations confirmed by part of the Senate. with the previous order, that the Sen­ the Senate March 18, 1976: The motion was agreed to; and the ate stand in adjournment until the hour DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Presiding Officer (Mr. SPARKMAN) ap­ of 12 o'clock noon on Monday. William K. Brehm, of Michigan, to be an pointed Mr. PROXMIRE, Mr. SPARKMAN, The motion was agreed to; and at 7:16 Assistant Secretary of Defense. Mr. WILLIAMS, Mr. MciNTYRE, Mr. CRAN­ p.m. the Senate adjourned until Mon­ INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION STON, Mr. BIDEN, Mr. TOWER, Mr. day, March 22, 1976, at 12 meridian. Betty Jo Christian, of the District of BROOKE, Mr. PACKWOOD, and Mr. GARN Columbia, to be an Interstate Commerce conferees on the part of the Senate. Commissioner for the remainder of the term expiring December 31, 1979. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, NOMINATIONS there will be no more rollcall votes to­ FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION night. Executive nominations received by the Calvin Joseph Collier, of Virginia, to be a Senate March 18, 1976: Federal Trade Commissioner for the term of DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 7 years from September 26, 1975. PROGRAM The above nominations were approved sub­ Jerry Thomas, of Florida, to be Under ject to the nominees' commitment to respond Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, Secretary of the Treasury, vice Edward C. to requests to appear and testify before any the Senate will convene on Monday at Schmults, resigned. duly constituted committee of the Senate.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

THE 1975-76 VFW VOICE OF DEMOC­ ented young people and the history of in the birth of our country. To still others, RACY SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM our country. it is the Foupding Fathers, our courageous This spirit of our Nation past and our leaders and exemplary statesmen. But to me, great country present has been uniquelY our bicentennial heritage is primarily three things: a privilege, an opportunity, and a HON. CLIFFORD ALLEN captured by a young man from my dis­ lesson. OF TENNESSEE trict in Tennessee who is VFW District The privilege is that America is the land of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES VI winner of the 1975-76 Voice of De­ liberty. Nowhere else in the world have our Thursday, March 18, 1976 mocracy Contest. Hubert J. Thompson, freedoms been guaranteed so long or so well. of Hillsboro High School in Nashville, Freedom of speech, of assembly, of religion, Mr. ALLEN. Mr. Speaker, each year the wrote the following essay on the subject and of the press; freedom from unreasonable Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United of "What Our Bicentennial Heritage search and seizure; freedom to vote and States and its ladies auxiliary conduct a Means to Me." Along with the VFW and control one's own government; and fr~edom to live and work where one chooses were all contest for secondary school students. Mrs. Morris P. Landiss, the Hillc;boro established two hundred years ago and have From the Nashville area, I want to ex­ High sponsor of forensics, I am proud to been refined and safeguarded ~:;ince then. tend my appreciation for the :fine job share this moving statement of a fellow Only in America could a nation with such a done by Mr. John Furgess, chairman of Nashvillian, Hubert Thompson, with my diversity of peoples and philosophies guar­ the Voice of Democracy Contest, and colleagues: antee these freedoms. It should be a source Post 1970 of the VFW. The Bicentennial WHAT OUR BICENTENNIAL HERITAGE 1\!F..A!'!S of pride and gratitude to us to live in a has provided a much needed forum for TO ME country where liberty is not merely tolerated by the government, but is claimed by the all citizens, old and young, to express (By Hubert J. Thompson) people as a precious right. their thoughts on our country's past and Our bicentennial heritage means many Our bicentennlg.l heritage is also an oppor­ give some insight into our country's fu­ things to many people. To some, it is glorious tunity. Only in America, the land of Uberty. tw·e. This contest affords us the oppor­ battles and great victories. To others, 1t is a have all men been able to strive toward the tunity to grant recognition to our tal- historical pageant of the events that resulted fullest expression of their own personal tal- 7240 EXTENSIONS OF. REMARKS·· March 18, 1976 ents and capabilities. The CO"nstitu:tioli guar­ my State iS being jeopardized by the op­ parents of the average family to their antees equal protection under 'the law. Every eration of the Federal estate and gift tax children. However, the current exemp-. person has both tl'le 'right and the opportu­ nity to find himself and to make his own system. The $60,000 exemption for estate tion level now does little more than cover contribution to the world. Whether he moves tax set in 1942 is entirely too low to pro.;. the cost of the home and places in jeop­ west as a pioneer, fights as a soldier protect­ teet the transfer of property from parent ardy the passage of the family business ing his country, makes new advances in sci­ to ·child for the preservation of family­ to subsequent generations. ence, works to support our standard of liv­ owned small businesses, farms and A DISCUSSION OF SOLUTIONS ing, or spends his life in service for others, ranches. every American can find satisfaction in de­ There are more than 150 bills 'now veloping himself and benefiting his fellow­ IIi the 1940's less than 1 percent of the pending in Congress which, among other m an. Our country has assured the dignity estates in the United States were re­ things, seek to raise the estate tax and worth of the individual throughout its quired to pay Federal estate taxes. That exemption. I have supported one of these history. America is truly the land of opportu­ :figure has risen to more than 11 percent bills as a cosponsor and support in spirit nit y. in the 1970's. I suspect that the :figure is dozens of others. But our bicentennial heritage is more than substantially higher than that in my dis­ However, I am concerned that the cur­ that; it is a lesson from the past. However rent momentum in Congress may lead. to the circumstances may appear, our problems trict, but this far I have been unable to are not insurmountable. In 1776, Americans obtain the necessary data from the In­ indiscriminate, across-the-board in- · were plagued With shortages of everyday ternal Revenue Service to document that creases in the exemption from its cur­ items, a feeble economy, sectional differ­ fact. rent level of $60,000 to some level sub-:­ ences, and the crushing burden of the war My assumption that Montana's per­ stantially in excess of that. My concern effort. Yet, when faced With problems that centage of taxable estates is higher than with that momentum is that it may fall seemed impossible to solve, the struggling to take into account the revenue loss that young nation pulled itself together and the national average is based on the fol­ accompanies higher exemption levels. emerged victorious from its struggle. In lowing factors. First, the valuation of estates in Montana tends to be arti:fically Do not get me wrong; I am not op­ America today there are many problems. we posed to a higher exemption level-in­ must contend with inflation, recession, the inflated. Let me explain. The $60,000 ex­ growing number of poor people, the over­ emption, when adjusted for 34 years of deed, I strongly support a substantial grown governmental bureaucracy, and inflation, should be $210,000. However, increase. However, I think we should worldWide threats of war. As our fellow during that same period, the average look long and hard before that level is Americans of two hundred years ago con­ price of farm land in the United States raised across the board. President Ford quered their problems, we shall vanquish increased by more than 200 percent­ has proposed to increase the exemption. ours. If our bicentennial heritage teaches us which means that farmland worth $60- from $60,000 to $150,000. There are at nothing else, we should learn that least 55 bills now pending that would there is a way out of any difficulty-if the 000 in 1962 would be worth at least $240. -· American people can unite in pursuit of a 000 in 1976. Recent figures for Montar{a raise the exemption to higher levels than common goal. show that land values are increasing an­ that. There are three bills now pending, What does our bicentennial heritage mean nually by more than 10 percent-a sub­ that, like the President's, would seek to to me? It means a privilege-to live in the stantially higher rate than the Consum-er increase the level to $150,000. According freest country on the globe. It means an Price Index·annual increase. to estimates made by the U.S. Depart­ opportunity-to make the most of my tal­ ment of the Treasury, the revenue loss, ents and gifts. And it means a lesson-to Second, with respect to small busi­ by raising the exemption level to $150,- realize that every problem is merely a step nesses, farms and ranches, capital re­ on the road to greater glory. From the depths quirements are increasing at .rates sub­ 000, would be $1.1 billion. Senator MaN­ of my heart, I am thankful for our bicen­ stantially higher than inflation, largely DALE, in introducing his bill that would tennial heritage. raise the exemption level to the same because the businesses are more capital level as that proposed by the President, intensive and less labor intensive. estimates that the revenue laws would Another factor which has interfered be a.s high as $1.7 billion. with the transfer of family-owned Mon­ The number "1.7" may not sound like ESTATE AND GIFT TAX REFORM tana businesses from one generation to the other is that there exists an inherent much to us in Congress-we always have liquidity shortage in the small busi­ a way of chopping off zeros to make HON. MAX S. BAUCUS nesses, farms, and ranches of my State. numbers look more manageable. How­ Estimates by the U.S. Department of ever, when one considers the :figure of OF MONTANA Agriculture show that, on the average, at $1.7 billion in terms of our national pop­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES least 80 percent of the value of farms and ulation, it means that we would have to Thursday, March 18, 1976 raise nearly $10 from every man, woman ranches in the northwestern United and child in America to recoup the loss. Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. Speaker, I would States is tied up in land and equipment: In most cases, this kind of property can­ I must confess that I am increasingly like to say a few words today on the sub­ distraught by the way we make :fiscal ject of estate and gift tax reform. not be converted into cash if these busi­ nesses are to be retained within families. policy decisions in this country. Most I should begin by saying that I am not My contacts with people in the State people believe· that it is both useful and an expert in this :field. I pay my taxes, suggest that for family farms and beneficial to keep our national budget but fortunately, I have not had the op­ near balance. It is true that there are ranches to rem~in in operation, they will portunity yet to pay an estate tax. have to have land. and equipment worth times during periods of economic reces­ A useful beginning for me in address­ more than $250,000. If properties of that sion when the Federal Government ing the subject of estate and gift tax re­ size are to be retained in a family when should p1ime the pump and create a form is to describe my congressional dis­ deficit, but it is also true that during the parents pass away, it is essential that periods of national prosperity, we should trict. On the whole, western Montana some type of protection be available to is a collection of small businesses, farm attempt to pour tax revenues back into and ranches. With a few notable excep­ the children to insure that the property the well. Unfortunately, we perform that will not have to be sold to pay for the last task poorly. That is, we do a splen­ tions, there are no large industries in estate tax liability. Unfortunately, that Montana. In many ways, my State's did job in lowering taxes and raising economic composition in 1976 is similar type of protection does not exist for all spending during periods when our econ­ to the economies of other States a cen- families today. For example, a recent re­ omy is in decline, but when national tury ago. · · port by the U.S. Department of Agricul­ employment picks up and our economy The most notable feature about the ture indicates that one-fourth of all farm begins operating at full capacity, we farms, ranches, and small businesses in rea:!' estate transfers are now made for somehow cannot find the political wiil my district is that they are largely owned the purposes of settling estates. to c;ut expenditures and/or raise taxes. by single families. The family tradition The upshot of· the situation is this: Actually, tax incl'eases and expendi­ is strong in Montana, and its bonds are For the :first two centuries of this Na­ tw·e. cu~ are not an "either;or" situ~;~.­ strengthened by the passage of property tion, oui· ·Federal laws did not preclude ti.on,. When we sense that the economy from generation to generation, the paSSage . of businesses, homes . and is overheating, we· should both cut back The economic and family ·stability of otber . personal ppss.ession.S from .•~e q;n , e~penditure~ and raise taxes. March 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS . 7241 our economy is not now overheating­ both as a person and as my ranking mi­ legisla-tors they want to get government off nority member. She was a dillgent rep­ their backs. They are rebelling against new far from it. I believe we need to continue and higher taxes. They frown on additional to prime the pump until our economy resentative of her district, a friend of the government agencies and new levels of gets back on its feet. However, I do not consumer, having sponsored legislation bureaucracy. believe we should move to cut estate to create an independent consumer pro­ It is encouraging that messages from the taxes in a permanent way, where not tective agency, and a forerunner in the rank and file are getting through to the only will we lose billions today, but we field of equal rights for women. Mrs. legisla-tors and that many of the legislators may be losing many times that in the Dwyer was a colleague with whom I agree with their constituents that cost of futw·e. was pleased to have had the opportunity expansion of government is more than tax­ Accordingly, I urge my colleagues to to serve, and of whom we can all be payers can afford. proud. In the November election 105 South Da­ look more restrictively at the various kota legislative posts will be up for grabs. proposals to raise the estate tax exemp· The candidates for those posts wlll be ex­ tion level. To my mind, the principal pected to express their views on belt-tighten­ reason we should raise this level bears GIVE US A CHANCE ing and escalating bureaucracy. on a national policy decision to oppose increasing "giantism" in business and HON. JAMES ABDNOR agriculture. We want to retain small farms, ranches, and businesses. And, we OF SOUTH DAKOTA A REPRIEVE FOR REVENUE want to keep these enterprises within IN T HE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SHARING families. Thursday, March 18, 1976 If that is the policy we want to follow Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, the word HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE in connection with estate tax reform, from South Dakota is: "Get the Govern­ then the reform should be tailored to OF MISSOURI ment off our backs. and give us a chance!" IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that problem. For example, if we want This is the story I am getting, not only in to insure that Federal tax laws do not dozens of letters every day, but also wpen Thursday, March 18, 1976 interfere with the retention of farms I am stopped by citizens on the streets Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, as we within families, we should draft the re­ and at meetings in my State. come to t..."'le considero.tion of revenue vised laws restricing them to family They are disgusted with the roadblocks sharing, the following editorial from the farms. A number of bills now pending do Government has thrown up before them Christian Science Monitor may be in­ just that. in the way of rules, regulations, and red­ structive: Similarly, if we want to insure that tape. They are tired of giving up over 40 Federal tax policy does not deter the A REPRIEVE FOR REVENUE SHARING percent of then· income in various forms Has federal revenue sharing returned "pow­ transferral of small businesses from one of taxation only to see much of it go er to the people" as the Nixon administra­ generation to another within families, down the drain. tion said It would, or simply provided a we should restrict the reforms to that In a recent editorial, the Aberdeen, way for Washington to avoid its responsi­ particular problem. There are bills now s. Dak., American-News expressed it bility to improve conditions in local com­ pending which do that. . well. I would like to share their observa­ munities? Five years into this $30 billion leg­ To the extent that the problem of tions with my colleagues: acy of the "new federalism," the answer lies somewhere in the middle. transferral of farm property relates to PEOPLE HAVE TOLD LEGISLATORS To GET Gov­ Like birds at a winter feeder, the 39,000 artificially infiated real estate values, ERNMENT OFF THEIR BACKS we should seek to adjust those values by cities and towns covered by revenue sharing The "closing day" of the South Dakota have become used to those quarterly checks looking to the true agricultural value of Legislature was a long one-extended 42 from the federal government. Now, Congress the farmland that is included in the de­ hours through a clock-stopping technique is wrangling over whether to continue this cedent's estates. often employed when time runs out before massive program and efforts to scrap or mod­ If the Congress restricts its moves in the lawmaking procedure is completed. But ify it are mounting. There are, in fact, strong reforming the estate tax laws, I believe it is likely to be a short day in comparison arguments against simply extending revenue we will be addressing the real problems with the time that will be spent between sharing for another five years as the White now facing owners of small businesses, now and Election Day in November continu­ House, mayors, and governors urge. farms, ranches in the United St.ates. ing the debate on the political phllosophy For, far from being the "resounding suc­ that was the crux of the closing hours. cess" President Ford proclaims, this new Moreover, we will be protecting the Fed­ At stake in that debate-and a matter of form of federal aid has more often than not eral fisc in a way that will keep our na­ increasing concern to many South Dako­ helped perpetuate local programs and pol­ tional economy in good health. tans-was the question of what is to be done icies (including their bad points) rather to curb growth of state government and the than brought about reform or boosted new skyrocketing costs. and innovative municipal serVices. The time element in the final session was The state of the economy no doubt has not conducive to the Republican effort to influenced mayors to throw revenue-sharing FLORENCE P. DWYER whittle the $172.8 mllllon operating fund sandbags against the rising tide of property recommended by the appropriations commit­ tax rates, but so too have thinly disguised tee for the next fiscal year. And it was not political considerations. Boston Mayor Kevin HON. FRANK HORTON surprising that the Democrats called it a White squirreled away $20 million in reve­ grandstand play for political purposes. nue sharing to use just before his bid for OF NEW YORK But in fairness it should be pointed CYUt reelection. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that Republicans did try earlier in the ses­ Among nationwide shortcomings: less than sion for approval of a reS()].ution that would Wednesday, March 17, 1976 3 percent of the funds have been used for have required. limiting the cost of continu­ social services and specific help for the dis­ Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, I join with ing operation of government to the amount advantaged; citizen participation in deciding my colleagues in paying tribute to the of continuing revenue provided. The resolu­ how to spend the money (as envisioned by very distinguished former Member of the tion was defeated by the Democrats in the the legislation creJ.ting revenue sharing) has Senate. been almost nil; antidiscrimination guaran­ House, Mrs. Florence P. Dwyer, who The next opporlunity for the Republicans passed away in Elizabeth, N.J., on Feb­ tees have been easily circumvented by re­ to advance their cost-cutting goal came after ceivers and inadequately enforced by the ruary 29. the appropriations measure was reported out federal government. Flo Dwyer served in Congress for 16 of committee near the session's end. Time At the least, these defects should be cor­ years before her retirement at the end didn't allow a judicious pruning of the rected before revenue sharing becomes a of the 92d Congress and she was my recommended expenditures. The closing more permanent part of the federal budget. predecessor as ranking minority member marathon emphasized again that there must Since (as a Brookings Institution study be a better method-one that allows more showed) the program has made only a ''lim­ of the Government Operations Commit­ input from individual legislators-than is tee. During the many years I sat next to now used. ited contribution" toward equalizing differ­ her in committee, I learned to appreciate ences between per capita income and tbe However, the methods of preparing the local tax bite among states, perhaps the aid and admire her concern for the opera­ budget is secondary to the philosophy of the formula should be changed to favor poorer tions of Government. people and the lawmakers. localities more than it already does. I had the highest regard for Mrs. Dwyer This year the peop!e have been telling the While federal aid to state and local govern- 7242 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1976 ments has increased sevenfold since 1960, the for providing The Village Voice with a Wllls, who have rec(}mmended dismantling economic pinch and municipal problems that "secret" report on intelligence that had al­ the C.I.A. still need solving add up to a continued ready been leaked and described in a num· Many of the same people who now tell us requirement for Washington's help. But that ber of newspaper stories. our national security depends on intense in­ help should not come without guarantees 3. Ove1·sight. This Is the process by which telligence activities are those who told us that it is being properly applied. Congress makes sure that the executive is our national security depended on fight ing Now, Congress is tied up with its own enforcing the law consistent with the Con­ a war in Viet nam. reelection worries and wondering whether the stitution. A resolution to improve oversight next president will be a Republican or Dem­ by forming a new Senate committee is be­ ocrat, all of which is bound to influence de­ ing considered. The measure approved by cisions on revenue sharing. For this reason, the Government Operations Committee is a the best bet would be to extend the program very promising start, but oversight h a.s failed ADDITIONAL NAVY SHIPS through 1977 and let the necessary tinkering so badly in the past that much more must wait until after the campaign quest ions have be done than merely to give a n ew commit ­ been answered. tee oversight responsibility. HON. THOMAS N. DOWNING The heart of the problem h as been t hat OF VmG1NIA many legislators preferred not t o know when it came to matters of intelligence. For a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES n ew oversight committee to be truly effec­ Thursday, March 18, 1976 WILD KINGDOM t ive, it will be necessary to require it to be informed on certain specific subjects. Those Mr. DOWNING of Virginia. Mr. Speak­ subjects should include intelligence activi­ er, I have always been a fervent supporter HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON ties that pose a particular t hreat to indi­ of the military and I was delighted when OF ~SACtrUSETTS vidual rights, for example surveillance and the House Armed Services Committee IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES disseminat ion of information in investiga­ recommended the authorization of addi­ t ive files. tional Navy ships. Thursday, March 18, 1976 It is not too late for the Senate to strength­ en tile resolution in this way, or to write While I commend this action, I am Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, these requirements into separate measure. distressed to learn the Navy does not Raymond S. Calamaro seeks the taming But, unfortunately, some Senate staff mem­ have available funds to pay what they of the governmental wilderness known bers fear that t h e resolution will be weak­ already owe to various shipyards variously as the intelligence community, ened by the Rules Committee. For example, throughout the country. If this is true, the national security bureaucracy, and it is known that a number of pro-F.B.I. it is an intolerable situation which must the action arm of the imperial Presi­ sen ators will at tempt to deprive the to-be­ be quickly corrected. dency. Writing in the New York Times formed oversight committee of power over There are other serious problems re­ legislation concerning F.B.I. intelligence ac­ of March 17, he maps out five areas tivities. Without such power, oversight would garding the Navy's shipbuilding program where law and democratic pl'inciple not just be ineffect ive, as in the past, but which must also be resolved. should be applied in a response to what laugh able. I include a letter addressed to me we have learned about these areas over 4. &>~recy . The executive and the Congress dated March 13, 1976, and signed by Mr. the last 2 years. Since, in my view, the seem to be falling all over each other to J. P. Diesel, president of NewPort News Congress should be acting now to in­ invent methods to prevent disclosure of Shipbuilding Co. in these present re­ stall constitutional order in this dan­ classified information. So much effo1·t is marks. In his letter, Mr. Diesel states: gerous terrain, I am inserting Mr. Cala­ being spent on this that it seems to have These issues threaten not only the future been fcrgot ten why we got into the subject naval shipbuilding program bu t the one maro's article into the RECORD. I hope in the first place. which is already underway. that my colleagues in the House, espe­ The real questions are how to prevent the cially those who are concerned about recurrence o! intelligence-agency abuse of He also says: ethics and standards, give it careful people's const itutional rights, and how to Time has run out. consideration: prevent the President from engaging the THE WAY THE GOVERNMENT IS GOING United States in unauthorized military and I will also include a memorandum writ­ paramilitary activities. (By Raymond s. Calamaro) ten by Mr. Gordon Rule, a senior Navy The problem is not how further to pro­ civilian for contract matters, along with Our Government seems to be going hay­ tect these agencies from accountability by wire. It has responded to the overwhelming tightening procedures for secrecy. my present remarks. evidence of misdeeds by the Central Intel­ President Ford has sent to the Congress a The Rule memorandum is an impor­ ligence Agency, Federal Bureau of Investiga­ bill to toughen penalties against individuals tant document which must be read by tion and other intelligence agencies by rat­ who disclose intelligence "sources and meth­ those people in Government who are ifying past abuses and sanctioning their ods." Presumably, it could have been used concerned about the future of the U.S. continuation. And very few people seem to to send Daniel Ellsberg to prison for releas­ Navy. Action must be taken and it must mind or even notice. ing the Pentagon papers (much information be taken now. 1. Covert activities. The Government has in these papers is what the Pentagon would participated in a number of war-like acts, probably describe as "sources and methods») . The material follows: termed "cover activities," against countries In addition, the resolution presently being MARcH 15, 1976. with which the United States is at peace. considered by the Senate Rules Committee Hon. THOMAS N. DOWNING, These activities include the use of military­ includes a pernicious provision to discipline Rayburn Building, type force, bribery, and tampering with the senators for disclosing secret information. As Washington, D.C. internal politics and domestic tranquility of Senator Jacob K . .Tavits correctly argued, but DEAR MR. DOWNING: The House Armed other countries. to no avail, this provision contravenes the Services Committee recently recommended Although our Constitution provides that spirit of the speech and debate clause in our the authorization of additional Navy ships. Congress, not the President, must decide Constitution. However, you should be aware, as the Rep­ when we go to war, the President continues 5. Infiltration. Typical of the whole ap­ resentative of the First District of Virginia, to assert a right to initiate such action with­ proach to solving--or, more accurately, not. that it is a great frustration to Newport out prior Congressional approval. solving-the problem is the part of Presi­ News Shipbuilding to find the Congress be~ Instead of removing all doubt, and de­ dent Ford's executive order that permits the coming aware of the need for future ships claring such activities unlawful unless ex­ C.I.A. to intlltrate student, labor and cul­ when the Navy has not yet come to grips pressly permitted, the Senate is on its way tural organizations even though such activity with what they already owe to their ship­ to adopting a resolution containing a wa­ was banned by a 1967 executive order. builders. tered-down compromise that hardly changes No wonder that the former Director of I emphasize the question of the availability the status quo. Central Intelligence William E. Colby can of funds and the question o! the Navy's will­ 2. Government lawlessness. The Govern­ say that intelligence has emerged "from the ingness or capability to promptly deal with ment seems uninterested in enforcing the shadowy :field outside the law." Intelligence the economic problems underlying its Naval law against high officeholders. A compelling has not been brought inside the law; in­ shipbuilding ploogram. These issues threaten case has been made for th'e need for a tem­ stead the law is being stretched to include not only the future Naval shipbuilding pro­ pol·ary "special prosecutor" to investigate intelligence-agency crimes and bad acts. gram but the one whieh is already under way. and prosecute crimes by intelligence offi­ we should consider seriously whether our This situation is so severe that last summer cials. but the Ford Administration resists nation needs to spend even a. small fraction we :round it necessary to stop work on the DLGN41. We are now seriously considering the notion. of its present budget of $10 billion (}n in­ Instead of concentrating on such crimes. telligence. We should consider ce.refully the similar action on the CVN'lO. We cannot see the House of Representatives has decided suggestions of serious individuals like I. F. how it is reasonable or prudent to plow ahead to investigate Daniel Schorr, a newsman, Stone, Henry Steele Commager and Garry with a project the size of the CVN70 in the March 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7243 present situatfon. Not only are the other such plan existed, and I mean good, sound (iii) When the Navy utilizes the lead/ Carriers not current in terms of pricing, but long range planning, acceptable to the in­ follow yard method of ship procurement, every other Naval shipbuilding program at dustry and understood by all, disciplinary claims and delays are inherent--they always Newport News is also seriously in arrears. action would surely be undertaken. have been. Everyone knowledgeable appears to recognize This apparent lack of planning was so (iv) Shipbuilding labor is SQ-35 % nonpro­ this. I have received repeated assurances that obvious to me that I wrote a letter dated 8 ductive or inemclent. the Navy recognizes that it does have signif­ March 1974 to the Chairman of the Senate (v) The Navy makes unfair contracts for icant finan<:ial obligations to us but nothing Armed Services Committee, Senator Stennis, building the ships it requires and the indus­ is done to resolve the underlying problems. which letter stated in part: try knows and resents this. (Type of contract, Recently the senior Navy civilian for con­ "The foregoing is set out in order to better delivery dates, pricing to meet an erroneous tract matters, Mr. Gordon Rule, wrote a understand the situation facing the Navy­ budget estimate, are prime examples of this.) memorandum to the General Counsel of the and a newly minted CNO. In capsule, the (vi) These unfair contracts have, of ne­ Department of Defense, at that gentleman's Navy is in an almost unbelievable situatiOn. cessity, led to claims against the Navy, and request, to outline Mr. Rule's views of the Unless a CNO is selected and confirmed by although some of these claims are of dubi­ problems with Navy shipbuilding. I have at­ your Committee who fully understands the ous validity, those that are valid are not tached a copy. While I might not agree with seriousness of this situation and has plans settled as promptly as they should be. the entirety of this memorandum, its thrust to cope with and remedy it in the very near (vii) A review of shipbuilding claims-or is correct and it describes fairly some causes future, the U.S. Navy will be in very deep requests for equitable adjustment-as they of the Navy's problem with the shipbuilding trouble indeed. are sometimes termed for statistical pur­ industry. While this memorandum does not "The serious situation I speak of is that poses, will show that the Navy hasn't learned indicate Newport News' specific problem, I the shipbuilding industry in the United many lessons in recent years and that our am sure you can appreciate them from our States does not want to build ships for the track record of ship contracting has been discussions. Navy. That is not just my personal view, it disgraceful. I need to bring all the pressure to bear that is the attitude of shipbuilders in this coun­ (vill) The Navy recently went to Court to I ca.n. for a prompt and equitable resolution try and Secretary Warner knows it. There sue our best surface ship builder. Newport of the differences between the Company and is no evidence that the CNO understands News.. When the Navy does this. and then is the Navy. Time has run out. For this reason, this situation or has any plans for corrective told by the Judge to negotiate your differ­ it is requested that the Rule memorandum be action. ences and report back to the Court--which inserted in the Congressional Record. I, of "It is very interesting for the present CNO is what the Navy should have been able to course, will defer to you on how to do that. to outline to your Committee the Navy•s do without going to Court--it is obvious But we need this in the public domain, and future ship requirements and how strong our something- is very wrong. we need it there quickly. Navy must be, but he should be asked where So much for the description of what this Sincerely, these ships will be built, etc. He should be minor premise involves. Now, wha.t needs to J. P. DIESEL, questioned about the lack of competition be done. President. and indeed no bids at all for specific ships It is suggested that before the Navy can presently required by the Navy and funded hope to have a successful shipbuilding pro­ NAVY SHIPBUILDING IN THE UNITED STATES­ by the Congress. gram, there must be a reestablishment of VIEWS OF GORDON W. RULE "This Is the situation facing the new mutual respect and trust with the ship­ SECNAV and CNO. Your Committee may building industry in the United States. This Major Premise: Where will the Navy find wish to discuss with these new appointees the shipbuilding capacity to produce our can only be accomplished by deeds, not country's known requirements for ships? their comprehension of this problem and words. Instead of litigating and awarding Minor Premise: If such capacity can be what they intend to do about it." claim inducing contracts providing fees for ASN (I&L) Bowers stated in a recent meet­ found, under what terms and conditions will law firms, the folloWing course of action it be available to the Navy? ing that he had been working with the Mari­ is proposed: time Commission for a year looking toward (i) Recognize that our track reccmi of ship MAJOR PREMISE a mutual agreeable mobilization plan for procurement is very poor indeed and that at It seems reasonable to ask SECNAV and building ships. rt•s about 'time. Additionally, least 50% of the blame for that record is CNO who continue to say our Navy needs X Admiral Kidd wanted to reopen Mare Island properly chargeable to the Navy. (The most number of new ships for the :fleet by Y year, and Philadelphia Naval Shipyard well over important thing wrong with the Navy to­ if they ha.ve a plan or blueprint of where two years ago in order to obtain additional day-not the fleet but the producer side of they expect to get those X ships built. needed capacity for new construction, but the Navy-is that we will never admit we I suggest two things greatly effect any nothing happened. made a mistake.) Thus, it. is essential that answer to this major premise: MINOR PREMISE we recognize our deficiencies before we can (1) We have no mobilization base in the If such capacity can be found, under what hope to take corrective action. United States for Navy shipbuilding. terms and conditions will it be available to (ii) The Navy today needs new faces to (11) The Navy plays games and places ships the Navy? properly and intelligently provide the re­ in predetermined yards under the guise of Two things here are irrefutable. First, the quired climate for dealing with the ship­ competition. (Examples are Trident sub­ Navy must get the required ships built with­ building industry and indeed for properly marines to EB and FFG's to Bath and Todd. out recourse to the Defense Production Act evaluating our own mistakes. Today people Newport News is smart enough to know and second, the shipbuilding industry must are polarized and captives of the ways and where Admiral Rickover wants the Tridents be assured of fair contrects and treatment prejudices that have produced the conflicts, built and that they are only being asked by the Navy, and a reasonable opportunity claims, etc. Someone must be found who to bid for windowdressing. Similarly, an to earn a good profit for building the most will take hold of this problem and provide signs clearly point to NAVSEA wanting both complicated piece of hardware the Navy the new philosophy of complete fairness in Todd yards building FFG's and again the rest buys. The Navy should realize tha~ one way all our dealings with the shipbuilding indus­ of the industry are smart enough to know try, both in the making and administration this.) or another, these shipyards will get paid what they are entitled to via changes, equi­ of our contracts. This result is achievable­ When I was in the Bm·eau of Ships-now table adjustments under their contracts, by the right, tough-minded person or per­ NAVSEA-the Navy had a well recogn12Jed claims or P.L. 85-804. There are enough good sons-without any loss of firmness and pro­ policy of keeping five building yards in bust­ claims lawyers-many of whom worked for tection of the Government•s best interests. new ness for Navy construction work, Beth­ the Navy and know our weaknesses-to as­ What the goal here must be is simply fair­ Quincy, Electric Boat, New York Ship, New­ sure that. port News and I forget the fifth yard. ness and respect for each other's position Additionally, the following points must be as distinguished from the current dug-in The Maritime Commission had a compar­ considered in connection with this premise: positions that produce adversary relation­ able list of yards for their ships. We kept (i) The building of a Navy combatant ship them in business by allocating ships to them. ships without flexibility or reasonable fall always involves concurrent development and back positions. That is what negotiation-to When I returned to the Navy in 1963 in my production. There is no engineering develop­ all present job, the then ASN(I&L) told me no reach mutual agreement-is about. It is ment phase in shipbuilding as there is in such policy existed any longer and any yard fashionable for some persons in authority every other piece of hardware the J,\1avy" pro­ in the Navy to moan about how shipyards could go out of existence. We are now pay­ cures. ing the price for that shortsightedness. that formerly were privately owned and op­ (ii) When the Navy is designing a ship and ASD(I&L) had a group working on mobiliza­ erated are now owned and operated by large having it built concurrently, the result is tion planning and many times I asked our conglomerates that are only Interested in massive changes-both authorized and con­ making a profit. This mentality probably still representative on that group why they structive-requiring fair and prompt adju­ develop a mob plan for shipbuild­ looks fo!'" a corner grocer instead of going wouldn't dication or they can develop into claims. rt to a chain store. ing. A satisfactory answer was never :forth­ coming. should be recognized that concmrency, {iii) The most Important short tenn ob­ rather than development, pilot production Were I Secretary of the Navy I would deter­ jective must be the settlement of the Litton and then production will add at least News I the Inine i:r any realistic plan was 1n existence and Newport problems. submft twenty-five percent more to the cost of a Ll«on yard is a national asset ror tttture for building the ships in the FYDP. rr- no procurement. Navy new ship construction and w& should OXXII--458-Part 6 ': 7244 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1976 · ~ recognize thfs as a fact. The Navy and DOD tween a cost-no-fee interim contract and a mander and Star of Solidarity by the actively encouraged Litton to build this yard letter contract is that the contractor will be Italian Government and numerous State in Mississippi and the first Navy contract p~id 100% of his costs vice 8Q-85%, which through that new yard-the LHA's-should is of great benefit from a cash flow point and local government resolutions in ac­ have been a cost type contract, at least for of view and also from an interest standpoint. knowledgement of his services. the first ship. This Litton LHA matter should The cost-no-fee interim contract would con­ Mr. DeSantis also serves on the Los be settled under P.L. 85-804 as was Lock­ tain the unilateral definltlzation clause used Angeles Mayor's Advisory Committee as heed (C5A) and Grumman (F14) by reforma­ in letter contracts and would provide that the public relations chairman. He is a tion of the contract to cost type on the sup­ If it is not definitlzed by the agreed upon board member of the United Nations As­ portable theory of essentiality to the na­ date the 100% of cost payments would revert sociation of Los Angeles and serves on tional defense. In my opinion, Litton Is more to 8Q-85%. The reason for this is obvious. the advisory board of the Federated deserving of 85-804 reformation treatment (d) The contractor would submit his pro­ than Grumman ever was. Litton did not buy­ posal to definltize to an FPI contract and Italo-Americans of California. in on the LHA contract and Grumman did. not competing for the contract price-wise, These are only a few of this fine man•s We need that modern yard for Navy work the likelihood is a more honest pronosal. This accomplishments in the past years. Cer­ and we should be planning right now to put will then be compared to our official Navy tainly the honor being bestowed upon work in there. Newport News must be negoti­ estimate for that particular building yard Mr. DeSantis at this testimonial dinner ated to settlement and I believe that can be and a far more realistic target cost negoti­ is greatly deserved. I would like to offer accomplished 1f handled cooperatively by ated. At this point of definitlzation we would my own best wishes and congratulations negotiation and not lltigation. It is fully also have much more reliable subcontract costs available than trying to fully forward to this outstanding gentleman, Mr. Peter realized that any settlement over $25 milllon Joseph DeSantis. must be approved by the Congress. Thus, I price. Consideration should also be given would go to the Chairmen of the Armed to a redetermination of price at say 60% services and Appropriations Committees and competition as the Navy used to do. fully apprise them of the planned settlement (e) With the negotiation of a realistic tar­ procedures and get their blessing in advance. get cost, instead of dictated labor hours and EILBERG'S APPROACH IS BEST I feel confident they would approve. costs-as we have done to meet a budget fig­ (lv) The most important short and long ure--the target profit, share and celllng range objective must be the making of right matrix would fall into place without having HON. RON DE LUGO type of ship construction contracts. A re• to be tortured to make up for an unrealistic OF THE VmGIN ISLANDS target cost. With respect to profit, it is es· view of our track record in using firm fixed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES price contracts and later fixed price incen­ sential that a new and broadened philosophy tive contracts (incentive on cost only) for be utlllzed, one which recognizes the ship­ Thursday, March 18, 1976 builders' entitlement to a good/reasonable building Navy ships says loud and clear Mr. DE LUGO. Mr. Speaker, the Virgin that it's about time we woke up to the fact profit for bullding the most complicated hardware the Navy procures. If it should Islands Daily News recently published a that changes and improvements must be thoughtful editorial in support of legis­ made. More specifically it ls recommended eventuate that a shipbuilder realized exces­ that the following suggestions be considered sive profits then we should rely on the Re­ lation introduced by the chairman of the and if neces':'ary, discussed with the ship­ negotiation Board to take appropriate action. Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigra­ building industry via the Shipbuilders Coun­ I firmly believe this suggested outline tion, JosHUA EILBERG, on nonresidents in would work. given the will to make it work the Virgin Islands. cil of America: on the part of the Navy and would provide (a) New construction Navy ships should I would like to take this opportunity be allocated to building yards under an ap• the necessary inducement to industry to ac­ tively and willingly participate in our ship­ to commend the dedication and hard proved shipbuilding mobllization plan. This work put in by the subcommittee and, would eliminate the specious comuetitlve ex­ building programs. Toc

lation granting all ~liens permanent resi­ park areas throughout the city, includ­ 1n the organiz~tion I am privileged to repre-: dence, without regard to the economic im­ ing Pennypack Park, Tacony Creek Park, sent, th e American Society of Heating, Re­ pact on the Virgin Islands. In other words~ Franklin Delano Roosevelt Park, and the frigeratin g, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, the Immigration and Naturalization Service, also known as ASHRAE, We have nearly which did much to create the allen p~:obiem Wissahickon Valley. 30,000 members and that is a fair-sized slice in the first place by abandoning, or being of the public. incapable of !ulfill1ng, its responsibilities, I would like to volunteer the services of n ow wants to legislate the problem out of our members to the FEA. Our members can existence. provide some technical inputs to the FEA We recognize that the Virgin Islands can,­ ASHRAE'S EFFORTS TO PROMOTE effort to listen to the public. We can inform not continually plead for special treatment ENERGY CONSERVATION on the use of energy in buildings; nearly one­ and favors. However. this is obviously a case third of the energy consumed in the U.S. is where what may be the best solution for used in buildings. We can inform on which New York and its estimated 1.5 million illegal conservation measures make sense and which aliens can only be harmful to these islands HON. ROBERT W. KASTEN, JR. do not. We can inform on which measures with their total population o.f about 100,000. OF WISCONSIN would be effective and which would not. In the one case the melting pot can absorb IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES We can advise against false claims, and to immigrants by the mllllons, while in the Thursday, March 18, 1976 suggest that proper standards be used to other· only a very few thousand could remold measure performance. By adhering to our the melting pot. Mr. KASTEN. Mr. Speaker, on Janu­ standards and by using well known manage­ Washington has long had a way of making ary 21, 1976, Mr. William P. Chapman, ment tools, we can make improvements in sweeping decisions without giving thought to president-elect of the American Society the use of energy that are economically thelr effects on these islands, and we have justifiable. long had to live with the unfortunate conse­ of Heating, Refrigeration, & Air Condi­ tioning Engineers, Inc., appeared before * • quences of some of these blanket decisions. So our people can be regarded by the FEA In this instance. we would urge the admin­ the hearing on Federal consumer repre­ as a corps of experts which would be happy istration recognize that Congressman Ell­ to sentation plans in Houston to offer the to participate in the FEA Consumer Repre­ berg's approach offers the best promise and Federal Energy Administration the con­ sentation Plan, and can make a cont ribution. to give lt Its support. Should the administra­ tinued cooperation and services of the Indeed, our people have already been hard tion persist on the course indicated by the at work- Immigration chief, it can only create undue society in promoting energy conservation. hardship here with new and serious problems Mr. Chapman quite correctly assessed For two years-in a most important phase that the federal government w111 have to the difficulties the Federal Energy Ad­ of energy work. I refer to the standard on. address itself to at a later date. ministration faces in trying to meet the energy conservation in new buildings which was completed last August-ASHRAE Stan d­ conflicting needs of the Nation's different ard 90-75. It is a series of guidelines relat­ classes of consumers and still try to re­ ing to building envelopes (that is, the ex­ duce our dependence on other nations terior of the buildings). heating and air-con­ PHILADELPHIA EXPANDS BIKE for our basic energy resources. Because ditioning systems and components, water PATHS nearly one-third of our energy is used in heating systems, illumination. and other ele­ buildings, cost-effective conservation ments. of a structure which a.fiect the amount measures will reduce our energy con­ of energy that buildings consume. It applies sumption and provide us the time we to virtually all new structures, including HON. JOSHUA EILBERG need to develop alternate sources of sin gle-family homes. OF PENNSYLVANIA I regard the development of Standar d energy. 90-75 as the single most important piece of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I am particularly impressed with the work which ASHRAE has undertaken in its Thursday, March 18, 1976 society's efforts to promote building code distinguished 80-year history. standards to implement cost-effective Even before it was finalized, many juris­ Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, the city conservation measures-in both new and dictions across the country had adopted it of Philadelphia is already known for its old buildings. and made it a part of the building code. In safe and extensive system of bicycle I the next year numerous states, counties, and trails. Fairmount Park has been one of commend the society for its achieve• cities will either adopt the standard, or the Nation's finest bicycling centers for ments in this field and would like to place will modify their building codes in accord­ many years, with 15 miles of paved bike excerpts of Mr. Chapman's speech in the ance with it. paths in the main body of the park, and RECORD at this point in order to share You may quite properly ask: How do I more trans being added in outlying them with my colleagues: know whether Standard 90-'Z5 will help our FEA CONSUMER REPRESENTATION PLAN country to save energy? FEA asked that parks throughout the city. question. It then commissioned one of the At the recommendation of Mayor {Remarks of Willi1mt P. Chapman, President­ nation's most respected management con­ Frank Rizzo, bike riding on Sunday will elect, ASHRAE) sultants and engineering companies Arthur now be even more enjoyable, and safer. The FEA should listen to the voice of the D. Llttle, Inc., to make an impact study of Each Sunday from 8 a.m. until noon, a voter and the taxpayer. 90-75 and find out. 2-mile stretch of the West River Drive But it is one thing to profess to be re­ After making an independent appraisal of the standard, Arthur D. Littre reported that along the Schuylkill River will be closed sponsive to the consumer and another thing actually to be responsive. This public hear­ the guidelines would do exactly what they to all auto traffic to allow bikers a safe ing ... is unmistakable evidence that the were intended to do-save energy-and ride through the park. FEA h ·as its ear to the ground, that it wants they would do so without escalating the "Bike Drive West" began Sunday, to know the public's attitude. cost of construction . .Arthur D. Little told March 14, with City Councilman John Listening to the public 1s easier said than the FEA that their study showed: "Percent B. Kelly Jr.. Fairmount Park Director done. For there is no single, homogenized savings in annual energy costs ranged from Robert C. McConnell, and Fairmount body which can be called the public, or the 9-15% in a single family house to 30-45 '7r­ consumer. in commercial buildings." The average on an Park Recreation Division Supervisor buildings would be about 27%. Morris Ozer officially opening the pro­ Some members of the public demand that the government bring back cheap gasoline; Initial cost of construction would be less gram. others want the emphasis to be on ma.c;s than for conventional buildings, with sav­ This weekly closing has been intro­ transit. Some members of the public think lngs running from 4¢ to 94¢ a square foot, duced to call attention to the fine bicycle the preservation of the environment is the with the greatest savings being in office facilities in Fairmount Park, and to pro­ paramount good; others are convinced that buildings. The savings are due to the reduced requirement for mechanical equipment, vide the expanded area for bike riding the extre.m.ism of some environmentalists which offsets added design cost, and added will result in a backlash which will be harm­ free from automobile interference. cost for materials that improve the heat Other popular bike trails in the Phil­ ful to the environmental movement. . . . So transfer aspects of the structures. you see that there really is no such thing as adelphia park system include the East Both FEA and ASHRAE know that it is "the public". and West River Drive bike paths in u.ecessan ~o get the A.. D. Little impact. re­ Fairmount Park, and the 5.5 mile For­ Because our energy problem is so complex, port to everyone concerned with bullding the one component of the public which can design, construction and ftnance; and also bidden Drive bike path in the Wissa­ be helpful to the FEA in its new Consumer hickon Valley. Both trails have been des­ to those that are instrumental in prepar­ Representation p~ Ls the engineers, and ing building codes. We must convince every­ ignated ''NatiOnal Recreation Trails" by particularly the engineers in the heating, one that S-tandard 90-75 is in the best na­ the U.S. Department_of the Interior. ventilating, and air-copditioll.ing, or .HVAC, tional interest. More ·bike paths are being planned for field. These engineers ·are banned together Accordingly, we have begun to hold a. 7246 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1976 series of seminars in 59 cities from coast to Training Jetport issue. I have previously c01nnussioners, said there simply isn't a need coast to explain the provisions and use of outlined the reasons leading to the Jet­ for a new training strtp to replace the exist­ Standard 95-75. To prepare for these Eem­ port Pact of 1970, which required a search ing facility north of Everglades National inars, we held two 3-day workshops in which Park. members of the committee which drafted the for a site to replace the Dade-Collier jet­ In a 9-0 vote, the council recommended Standard trained the people who are con­ port north of the Everglades. I have also that the Jetport Pact be allowed to termi­ ducting the local-level seminars. discussed more recent findings which nate when its current term expires in 1977. To date, nearly 1,000 architects, engineers, contradict the environmental fears and The Jetport Pact is the 1970 agreement in builders, subcontractors, manufacturers of usage projections which led to the pact­ which Metro agreed to close the Everglades equipment and materials, building code offi­ findings that there has been no environ­ training airport as soon as a substitute site cials, and others with an interest in the sub­ could be acquired by the federal government. ject, have attended these meetings; before mental damage at the current facility, The site being proposed for acquisition is we are through, we expect some 5,000 will and that training activity, far from commonly known as Site 14 which straddles have been briefed on 90-75. reaching projected levels there, has U.S. 27 just south of the Broward County Now we all know that there are many more fallen off dramatically. line. Metro has an application pending for existing buildings than new buildings, and I have two further concerns regarding $69 million in federal funds to develop a that it would serve our country well in its this unnecessary and duplicative re­ training airport there. efforts to achieve energy independence if placement, which I would like to men­ But that application is expected to run steps could be taken to make these existing tion today. into difficulty because an impact study has structures more conserving of energy. shown that the existing training strip in the ASHRAE has just embarked on a program Site 14, which has been selected as the Everglades hasn't caused environmental of drafting a standard for conserv!ng energy replacement site, is partially located in damage. in existing buildings. We call this project conservation area 3B and is situated over And the need for a second major commer­ Standard lOOP-the "P" standing for the Biscayne Acquifer. These are the cial airport--which had been envisioned for ''provisional." sources of all drinking water for Metro­ the future on the Northwest Dade Site 14- The dlfiiculties which face our organization politan Miami. There are two potential appears to have faded because of a leveling off 111 drafting this new standard are forbidding. hazards related to construction on the in air travel. Those factors led to Monday's Regional * • * site, neither of which has been addressed Undoubtedly there are many measures that Planning Council vote, which constitutes the to my satisfaction. One is that, without council's comments on the impact study would save energy, but would also be quite adequate precautions, the flow of water costly. Would Government at various levels conducted by the Federal Aviation Adminis­ do such a politically unpopular thing as to through the conservation area and the tration. require such drastic measures? Could mean­ acquifer might be interrupted or reduced, The planning council's vote doesn't affect ingful tax incentives be provided to en­ leading to the possibility of increased the Jetport Pact, since that is an agreement courage the public to cooperate? salt water contamination of the acquifer. among Metro, the state and the federal gov­ What we are talking about is an economic The other is that storm runoff from the ernment. But the vote does show that two policy that has the constraining factors of Metro commissioners, Harvey Ruvin and paved areas of the facility could be pol­ Clara Oesterle, feel that the acquisition of limited energy resources. But also we are luted by jetport waste and, being readily talking about an untapped resource-energy Site 14 isn't needed. conservation; the elimination of waste. Fur­ absorbed in the porous ground of sur­ The planning council is made up of elected ther, we have the resource of engineering rounding areas, might contaminate the officials from Dade, Broward, Palm Beach and imagination-the optimization of energy use. acquifer and Miami's water. If site 14 Monroe counties. is to replace the Glades Jetport, a closer * * "' * ... What to do? A partial answer is to look must be taken at the possible risks make better use of what we have, through to the public health. scientific energy management in our build­ The search team for the new site con­ MARONITE CATHOLIC BISHOP ings. sidered a number of potential locations, PRAYS FOR RESTORATION OF The optimization of energy wlll be our duty but one very fundamental alternative PEACE IN LEBANON forevermore. The day of inexpensive energy was not available. Under the terms of is past. The American people are going to have to face theEe two hard realities. I have the Jetport Pact, the current Dade­ no doubt that the FEA will present this to Collier site-the "do-nothing" option­ HON. JAMES G. O'HARA the public, and will make meaningful sug­ could not be considered, and a new site OF MICHIGAN gestions. had to be chosen. Despite the fact that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I do not envy the position of the FEA. It the present site is more than adequate must be torn between the several demands to handle current activity and present Thursday, March 18, 1976 of the fossil fuel producers, the electric and levels could increase almost tenfold with­ Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, it recently gas utilities, the manufacturing plants which out passing the original projections, de­ was my great privilege to attend a special cannot turn a wheel without abundant en­ ergy, the home-owners who heat with gas spite the lack of environmental damage, charity appeal dinner held in Mount and do not relish the Idea of converting to unless the pact is abrogated or allowed Clemens, Mich., to help victims of the something else, the transportation industry, to terminate without action next year, tragic war in Lebanon. the police who want our streets more brightly the Federal Government will be asked The dinner was sponsored jointly by illuminated as a deterrent to crime, the con­ to pay over $69 million to acquire land the Most Reverend Francis M. Zayek, sumerists with their familiar demands, the and construct facilities simply to dupli­ Maronite Catholic bishop of the United environmentalists, and so on-and so on. cate an existing and perfectly adequate States, and the World Lebanese Cultural Add to that the attitude of all Americans: site. And we in Congrses will be called Union's U.S. National Council. The prin­ Let's get our country out of the position upon to authorize and appropriate these where the foreign oil producers can pull the cipal speaker was Bishop Zayek, who switch again and shut off our petroleum sup­ funds. made a most moving appeal for assist­ ply overnight. I was pleased to see that the South ance to those who are, in his words, "ref­ The pressures are enormow. But I'm sure Florida Regional Planning Council, ugees in their own homeland., the FEA can take the heat-and ASHRAE is made up of elected omcials from four The future of Lebanon remains cloud­ here to help. south Florida counties including Dade, ed, Mr. Speaker, and while the work of Thank you. had voted unanimously on March 1, to statesmen goes on in an effort to restore recommend that the Jetport Pact be peace, harmony, and brotherhood, the allowed to terminate with no action. Mr. urgent need continues to bring solace to Speaker, the Miami Herald report of those who are the victims of the rising DADE JETPORT-III this action follows for your information and continuing tensions throughout the and that of our colleagues: Middle East. HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN [From the Miami Herald, Mar. 2, 1976] It is this deep tragedy to which Bishop OF FLOIUDA FORGET BUILD:ING NORTH DADE JETPORT, PLAN­ Zayek addressed himself at the charity appeal dinner, and I commend his IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Nl:NG BOARD TELLS METRO, UNITED STATES The South Florida Regional Planning thoughtful and sensitive comments to my Thursday, March 18, 1976 Council Monday said Metro and the federal colleagues: Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, I have from government should forget about building a. Drennan said: "The first daughter to the time to time brought materials before my new training jetport in Northwest Dade. love of God, is charity to man.'' colleagues regarding the North Dade Council members, including two Metro We are gathered tonight for a Charity Ap- March 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF .REMARKS. 7247 peal Dinner, to help the victims of ~he ~ragic ¥EDICAID ABUSES pendent clinical laboratories have war in Lebanon. The deed of chanty 1s the marked up as much as 300 percent or noblest, and is the seal and mark of our. more the cost of tests performed on a faith and love for God, whom we do not see, HON. ANDREW MAGUIRE subcontraot or referral basis by .. large but serve in our neighbor. I am sure that OF NEW JERSEY automated laboratories and then collect many of you remember Lebanon as it was two IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES years ago. Lebanon was the Switzerland of the markups from medicaid. . the Middle East, the bridge between East Thursday, March 18, 1976 In the area of overbilling, there have been numerous instances where labs are and West. Beirut, the Paris of the Middle Mr. MAGUIRE. Mr. Speaker, today I East with its jour Universities, it was _the able to overbill medicaid for certain tests, center of prosperity, trading ana. ~a_nkt!l'g. am introducing legislation designed to even under false test claims, without Lebanon was a land of freedom ctvtltzatwn change current medicaid practices as those practices being detected at eithe1· and. democracy where the Christians, Mos­ they relate to independent clinical labo­ the prepayment or postpayment process­ lems and. Jews lived for more than half a ratory services-to lower costs, to help ing levels. century in complete harmony, peace and. control existing and potential abuses, Some laboratories frequently take a brotherhood.. More than 300,000 Syrians and to enhance the quality of service for found in Lebanon work, understanding and single test which produces multiple, com­ medicaid and other patients. ponent results, such as the chemistries led a higher standard of living than in their The independent clinical laboratories own country. produced by SMA-12, tests to which I Today in less than ten months, the once to which I refer receive medicaid dollars referred earlier, and bill for each com­ prospero~s Lebanon is but ruins, fire and for performing chemical, bacteriological, ponent as if it were a separate test. Thus blood. More than 10,000 people have been and other examinations on human body for a cost to one lab of $3.50 for work kllled and more than 20,000 have been materials, with data obtained from the done by another, medicaid is billed a wounded. 700,000 workers are out of the_ir examinations used as part of the process staggering $58, or nearly five times the jobs, and 50,000 Lebanese are refugees. tn of diagnosis, treatment, or prevention_ of their own homeland. living in Monastenes, maximum permissible reimbursement. In various diseases and for assessing an In­ huts and tents. The widows, the orphans, the another area of overbilling, laboratories wounded and many other victims are asking dividual's medical condition. have billed and received from medicaid for help-Our Maronite Patriarch has Mr. Speaker, there is telling evidence $15 for a German measles test known launched an appeal to the world to save the that there are grievous loopholes in the as -Rubella titer when, in fact, that test homeless from a severe winter and from hun­ medicaid program which allow individ­ had been performed free of charge for ger. They are in dire need. of antibiotics, uals to profiteer at the taxpayers' ex­ the laboratory by the Department of medicines, plasma and also dried eggs and pense. milk, flour, canned meat and blankets. We Health of the State in which the lab was have already shipped some of these requests · Specifically, the medicaid fee schedule located. to Lebanon. for reimbursing laboratories is outdated It is the fat in the fee schedules which This is the reason of o1Lr Charity Appeal and must be redesigned to reflect the permits these outrageous ripoffs of a tax­ dinner tonight. We are here to answer their highly automated and technologically payer-supported health care program for appeal, to thank God for all the blessings advanced test procedures now available. the impoverished. which He bestowed upon us abundantly, and A good portion of medicaid funds is be­ to tell Him that out of gratitude to His gen­ Mr. Speaker, the legislation I am in­ ing siphoned off for the benefit of a small troducing goes a long way toward elimi­ erosity toward. us we are not forgetting those number of health care providers-a who hunger for justice, peace and suste­ nating the abuses and profiteering I have nance. To our gifts and sacrifices we will also handful who are far more interested in briefly described. add our prayers to Almighty God asking Him money than in medicine, far more in­ Let me say, Mr. Speaker, that fee to finally bring peace to the whole Middle terested in profits than people. schedules for reimbursing services must East and to look mercifully upon the blood­ I am referring to various clinical labo­ relate to actual costs of performing the shed as a price for understanding, coexist­ ratories which channel high profits di­ tests, taking into consideration advanc­ ence and reconciliation. rectly to the laboratory owners and. This is what Gasseb Kayrouz, a 22 year old ing technology in the independent clini­ Maronite Seminarian, has written before through them, to some of the physicians cal laboratory industry. We could real­ leaving Damour to go see his parents and supplying these labs with medicaid­ ize as much as a 40-percent reduction of relatives in Nabha and before he was cap­ funded test business. These laboratory current service cost levels by implement­ tured and killed by the leftists: "To my abuses, which bilk both the taxpayer and ing this bill. countrymen I say, those who live in the same the needy, have become a national scan­ This bill introduces into this area of house can have their differences, but without dal. medicaid service the concept of c.om­ hating one another; they can argue with one During the hearings conducted by another, but without killing one another, petitive bidding. Through competitive together, Christians and Moslems, we . ate, Senator FRANK Moss' Subcommittee on bidding, the States .can have labora­ we drank: together we prayed. to the On_e and Long-Term Care in February 1976 it was tories bid for tests, thus allowing for a Only God. I ask, if I am killed that no re­ estimated that, by conservative esti­ provision of services at a cost much low­ crimination may be taken. I am sure one mates, $1 out of every $5 spent on behalf er than currently available. In fact, in day the mercy of God will gather us again. of medicaid or medicare payments for recent subcommittee hearings held in I am dust, but the strength of God will clinical labs was·either fraudulent or un­ New York City, it was stated that this make me participant of the Divine Light and necessary. These abuses cost millions of life. If I have offended anyone, I ask to be method could realize a 50-percent reduc­ forgiven, because I am a sinful servant of dollars each year and untold suffering. tion in costs. This approach, however, at the Lord". Some of the abuses are subtle, some of present is unlawful. My bill would pro­ My dear friends, on my behalf and on that them are gross, but all of them are un­ vide authority to utilize this approach of all those who will benefit from your help, conscionable. They must be stopped. and therefore give medicaid recipients generosity and charity I extend to you all One example of abuse described in sub­ the choice of providers. In addition, our deep gratitude and assure you that God committee testimony, involves charges will reward you a hundredfold because He physicians will be able to choose labora­ for a blood chemistry analysis performed tories which offer greater adequacy and has promised to reward whoever gives a by a device known as SMA-12. This de­ glass of water to his neighbor in His name. availability of service. I take this opportunity to extend my sin­ vice reports almost instantly on the This bill will also requii·e laboratory cere and warm thanks to all of you for your status of as many as 12 blood chemistries services to be provided only by licensed klndness, your standing ovation and your in any given test samples. Under prevail­ laboratories and qualified health per­ love for the values which I represent as a ing medicaid fee schedules an unauto­ sonnel. In conjunction with the Clinical Bishop in the Catholic Maronite Church; I mated laboratory can be paid the $12.50 deeply appreciate the cooperation of the Laboratory Improvement Act, the bill for a SMA-12 test, even when the test is will result in the upgrading of stand­ World Lebanese Cultural Union, represented actually performed by a larger auto­ by Dr. Daher Rahi, the well known humani­ ards and quality of services to which our mated laboratory to which the first lab­ citizens are entitled. tarians, Mr. and Mrs. Woodrow W. Woody oratory mailed the test sample. The and all those who worked hard to make this Finally, this bill will reduce charges for Charity Appeal Dinner a succe~ . I thank you automated laboratozy returns the results services p:rovided to the lowest rate pos­ and Wish you health and prosperity and ask along with a bill for $3.50 to the smaller sible to individuals other than medicaid God to keep you in His love and care and laboratory. Medicaid is in turn billed for program participants. In the case of lab­ bless you and· your loved ones with many the $12.50 for the sam~ test. Indeed, some years. · · · oratory X-ray services, these would not small and largely unautomated inde- exceed the lowest amount for such s~rv- 7248 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS fdarch 18, 1976 ices, and only a nominal amount for lie school enrollments increased by over it does not mean that the productive life processing the samples. 8 million students to a peak of 52.8 mil­ of the building is over. This is precisely I am-convinced, Mr. Speaker, that with lion pupils in 1971. Educational planners the reason I am introducing these two this bill we can address many of the were conditioned to an expansion orien­ bills today. Vvhat communities need is problems to which I have referred as tation. The growth enabled remarkable assistance in creating a plan for using they relate to independent clinical lab­ changes to take place in educational pro­ these buildings, and financial assistance oratories providing medicaid services: grams, facilities and services. in implementing these plans. Almost all Problems of overcharging, problems of In recent years, these same school dis­ communities have administrators avail­ high markups and problems of low qual­ tricts have experienced a reverse phe­ able to conduct the plans. ity. nomenon-declining enrollments. Na­ There is considerable evidence that In conclusion, I am hopeful that hear­ tionally, the first decline in public school unused school buildings can be put to ings on this legislative proposal will take enrollment occurred in 1972. Recent good alternate uses as is illustrated in place simultaneously with those already projections of public school enrollment the following examples: scheduled next week on a separate, but by the U.S. Office of Education indicate Dayton, Ohio, where a 2,200-student complementary, bill in the Subcommit­ a decline of over 4 million youngsters in high school has been converted to a cen­ tee on Health and Environment .of the grades kindergarten through 12 in the ter for manpower training, adult basic Committee on Interstate and Foreign next 10 years. Shrinkage and how to cope education, community recreation cent er, Commerce: H.R. 11431, the Clinical Lab­ with it have become as much a theme of and the like. oratory Improvement Act of 1976. the 1970's as growth was for the 1950's Kalamazoo, Mich., where -a large high and 1960's. school was relinquished to the city for Mr. Speaker, there is no debate over adult education, a private school, and a the widespread shrinkage problem. It is senior citizens' center. CONGRESSMAN HEINZ OFFERS TWO creating turmoil at the elementary level Jacksonville, Fla., where an 800 pupil BILLS TO RECYCLE ABANDONED now, and the trend will reach secondary junior high is now a community / school SCHOOL Bun.J)INGS schools within a few years. center, administrative offices, and the In addition to declining enrollment, like. many schools have been closed due to Harrisburg, Pa., where the school HON. H. JOHN HEINZ Ill out-mobility of the population. We are a board has taken the position that parts OF PENNSYLVANIA country of movers, or more accurately, of a 2,500-pupil junior high can be used I N T HE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of movers and stayers, with those who for any community project it can afford. Thu1·sday, Ma1·ch 18, 1976 move being apt to move again, and most Westmoreland County, Pa., where one of the movement being made by young elementary school is now a junior col­ Mr. HEINZ. Mr. Speaker, throughout people. So we have the problem of overall lege, and another has been leased to the the United States many elementary and population decline made sharper by out­ Navy Reserve which pays maintenance secondary school buildings have been migration. The fiigbt from the inner costs in return for use of the building. forced to close due to decreasing enroll­ cities has compounded the rate of 'There are many additional examples ment, shifts in population, consolidation, decline for those areas, and even the of surplus school buildings being sold to and for other reasons not associated with older ''inner-ring" suburbs are experienc­ private industry, thus returning these structural deficiency. In my Stat-e of ing decline. buildings to the tax rolls: Pennsylvania, 144 schools were closed be­ Mr. Speaker, one of the most com­ Ithaca, N.Y.-where a building was tween September 1974, and September plex problems resulting fTom the declin­ sold to an entrepreneur who recycled it 1975. Another 120 are slated for closure ing enrollment is what to do with school to a shopping center, housing for the el­ at the end of the current academic year. buildings that are no longer needed. derly, and private offices. Closer, seven schools in Montgomery While community and school officials Claremont, Calif.-where an old school County, Md. are schedliled to close at the have had exp·erience in closing obsolete is now a shopping center, and end of this year. The same problem exists schools, many districts now are faced Madison, Wis.-where an engineering nationwide. In New York the number is with the problem of having to close rela­ .concern bought a surplus school for over 200, and in Salt Lake City alone, 20 tively new schoo1s, in some instances offices. schools have been closed during tne past schools that are not even paid for. To this list might be added walk-in 8 years due to a 35-percent decrease in The closing of the neighborhood school centers for counseling, drug abuse, and em·ollment. In Wichita, Kans. 13 schools is a higllly emotional event for students, other rehabilitative programs; neighbor­ have been dosed over the last 5 years. parents, and staff. Yet it has become a hood medical and dental clinics; light in­ Many of these buildings are structural­ fact of life for many communities. dustry; warehouses, and many more. Un­ ly sound and centrally located. They Mr. Speaker, if an entire building be­ fortunately, for every satisfactoTy solu­ could continue to be valuable resources comes exeess, yet is structurally sound tion, there are scores of instances of for their .communities through alternate and fit for rehabilitation and recycling, abandoned .school buildings serving no uses. The problem facing most com­ the building should be kept in use by useful purpose. munities in which these buildings are lo­ someone. We have learned from bitter Mr. Speaker, the purpose of these t wo cated is lack of planning assistance and experience in abandoning elementary bills is to provide Federal assistance to funds to convert these buildings for other schools that "mothballing" se1dom enable communities to maintain and op­ productive uses. works. W-e know the best way to protect erate, in the most efficient, creative, and Today I am introducing two bills which property is to fil1 it with people. Board­ economical manner possible, closed are designed to assist communities to ing up window preserves neitner the school buildings for other productive deal with this problem. The Surplus buildi.."lg nor the real estate values of its purposes determined by the -communi­ School Conservation Act of 1976 is de­ neighborhood. ties. Not only in the fields of educational signed to provide grants, on a limited The No. 1 problem of closed schools is and social services, but also for commer­ and competitive basis, to communities vandalism. Next is the pressure from cial, revenue producing purposes, so that that wish to retain unused school build­ those who cannot stand seeing valuable taxpayers will recover some of their ings for other productive purposes. The property sitting idle. Finally, closed equity in unused property. Surplus School Conversion Act of 1976 schools are a psychological thorn in These p1·oposals are specific and prag­ is designed to encourage private indus­ parents' sides. "Since these buildings are matic. They do not pretend to solve seri­ try to purchase these buildings for con­ not being used for anything else, why ous problems overnight. They are real- version to alternate revenue producing can our children not go there?" istic steps needed to meet a growing enterprises in situations in which the In addition to these pressures against problem. communities no longer have a use for n10thballing, it does not make sense Mr. Speaker, ~ have been receiving these buildings. economically to have too many buildings tremendously encouraging su_pport for Mr. Speaker, the post World War II standing idle; they will deteriorate. So these bills i.rom school and municipal baby boom resulted in _explosive growth back to the question-What do you do officials from throughout the country. I during the late 1950's a.nd 1960's in many with an empty school? commend to my colleagues the "surplus school districts. During this period, pub- Mr. Sp-eaker, once a school is closed, school conservation" and "surplus school March 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7249

conversion" acts in the fi1·m belief that gation. Not surprisingly, the Commis~ion people will love and cherish freedom so it through enactment we can help com­ did not meet its original deadline. Since will never perish from the United States or any other place in the world where it is munities solve a very serious and grow­ then, Congress has four times extended shared. ing problem. I believe the bills I have the Commission's life for 5-year periods. introduced are proper vehicles for our The last extension, passed in 1972, set The runners up were: efforts. April 10, 1977 as the Commission's ter­ Winner and school: mination date and provided that all re­ Mike Gable, 77; maining business be transfen-ed to the Amy Krohn, St. Lawrence; BILL TO AMEND THE 1946 INDIAN U.S. Court of Claims for completion. Diana Imel, 112; CLAIMS COMMISSION ACT Last year, the Senate amended the Twila Hendrickson, 28; Chris Graves, 37; Commission's 1976 authorization with a Valerie Garrett, 53; provision extending the life of the Com­ Paul Murphy, 81; HON. DON YOUNG mission for 3 years. However, a majority Michael Curry, 85; OF ALASKA of House conferees opposed the amend­ Barbara Bowden, ·wanamaker; IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment and the matter was deferred for James Robertson, 94; further study. Tomorrow the House Sub­ Jeff Walker, 111; Thursday, March 18, 1976 committee on Indian Affairs will conduct Ellen Trick, Brookview; Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speaker, a hearing on the Commission's annual Robert Schutt, Grassy Creek; David Mooney, Heather Hills; with my colleague Mr. DoN CLAUSEN of authorization. It should be an appro· Pat Jeffers, Little Flower; California, I am pleased to introduce priate occasion to consider the 18-month Laura Wesner, Lakeside; today a bill to amend the 1946 Indian extension proposed in this bill. Peter Worley, Pleasant Run; Claims Commission Act to extend the I believe that a review of the probable Monica Pittman, Sunny Heights; life of the Commission beyond the cur­ consequences of transferring uncom­ Mary Frances Zappia, Holy Spirit; rent termination date of April 10, 1977 pleted cases to the Court of Claims in Ian O'Brien, Moorehead; to September 30, 1978, a period of 18 1977 will show that such transfers would Maria Gonzalez, St. Bernadette; months. most likely result in unnecessary expense Elizabeth Myers, Lady of Lourdes; Felicia Roseburg, 88; This proposal is the product of a re­ to the Federal Government and would Maggie Matl, St. Simon; cently completed investigation by the certainly delay rather than expedite Jim Bowie, Hawthorne; President's Office of Management and completion of the remaining Indian Debra Eltzroth, 62; Budget into the Commission's work and claims. An extension of the life of the Karen Tribble, 54; its progress toward completing same. Commission would a void these conse­ Missi Koon, St. Matthew; OMB concluded that the Commission's quences and ultimately serve the cause Jeff Johnson, 57; work is proceeding in an expeditious of justice for Native Americans. I there­ James Cole, St. Rita. manner which should result in substan­ fore strongly urge favorable considera­ tial completion of the bulk of the pend­ tion of this proposal. ing claims by the end of 1977. The ad­ ministration's recommendation recog­ PR0!3LEV1S AND ABUSES IN THE nizes the desirability of permitting plain­ SERTOMA CLUB ESSAY WINNER FOOD STAMP PROGRAM tiffs in the remaining cases to enjoy the same forum and appellate procedures as HON. PHILIP M. CRANE those who preceded them. At the same HON. ANDREW JACOBS, JR. OF ILLINOIS time, it would serve to reduce so far as OF INDIANA possible the number of cases which may IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be transferred to the Court of Claims IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, March 18, 1976 Thursday, Ma1·ch 18, 1976 upon termination of the Commission. Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, we have all The Commission was established to Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Speaker, the Ser­ been concerned about the rapidly esca­ hear and adjudicate for once and all toma Club of East Indianapolis recently lating costs in the food stamp program time all Indian tribal claims against the sponsored an essay contest on "What and about the increasing incidence of United States, both legal claims and Freedom Means to Me." There were 30 problems and abuses in this critical area. moral claims based on unconscionable finalists. dealings, which occurred prior to 1946. As a cosponsor of the original National Previously, Congress had handled such Mike Gable of School 77 in Indianap­ Food Stamp Reform Act, the Michel­ claims by enacting special jurisdictional olis won with the following essay: Buckley bill, I want to call to the atten­ statutes authorizing the U.S. Court of THE GREAT GIFT tion of my colleagues an excellent col­ Claims to hear them individually. By es­ (By Mike Gable) umn that sums up the character of the tablishing the Commission, Congress In the year 1776, the United States re­ problems that plague the food stamp ended this practice. It required all tribes ceived a gift, the gift of freedom. A gift program. to file their claims with the Commis­ that was not bought with money but with The column is headed, "Food Stamp fighting and hard work. Scandal Shows Reagan Right," and it sion by August 13, 1951, authorized the Inside the great gift are smaller gifts. The Commission to award only cash pay­ goes on to describe some of the former gift to vote for whomever you think can do California Governor's proposals for local ments for valid claims, and barred any the best job. The right to trial by a jury. return of lands to a claimant. The gift to voice your opinion or freedom of contTol. It is an accm·ate headline in an­ Three hundred and seventy claims the press. The gift to peaceable assembly. other sense: It was Governor Reagan's were filed which, through severance and The gift to an equal education. The gift to task force of State and local officials who redocketing, resulted in 615 total dock­ own your own property. first described many of the problems, and ets. As of March 18, 1976, 460 of the 615 To be worthy of these gifts you should advanced many of the recommendations claims had been disposed of, with 195 try to live up to your responsibilities as an for solution, over 18 months ago. I com­ American. One of your responsibilities is to mend to my colleagues' attention the fol­ having been dismissed, 265 dockets re­ obey the laws of the land, respect the rights sulting in awards totaling $576,300,000 of others and to vote in an election. These lowing article: and 155 claims still pending in various are just a few of your responsibilities from [From the Times-Picayune, Jan. 19, 1976] stages of litigation. a list of others. I think as an American you FOOD STAMP ScANDAL SHOWS REAGAN RIGHT The 1946 act required the Commission should try your best to live up to these (By John D. Lofton, Jr.) responsibilities. to complete its work within 10 years. WASHINGTON.-Last year, when Treasury However, in setting this limit, Congress For these gifts we should say thank you to people like Thomas Jefferson, John Secretary William Simon had the guts to underestimated the difficulties inherent Adams, and Benjamin Franklin and the commit truth publicly, and labeled the feder­ in preparing and trying 100-year-old al food stamp program "a well-known haven others who helped us earn our freedom. We for chiselers and rip-off artists," he was vi­ cla.ims and in establishing "new law." It should try to carry out their dreams to help also underestimated the innumerable ciously attacked as a liar by Sen. George Me.. America grow stronger. Govern, who heads the Senate Select Com· procedural and other delays commonly As America grows stronger people will mittee on Nutrition and Human Needs. associated with extremely complex liti- grow to love and respect freedom. I hope The South Dakota Democrat blasted tlHI 7250 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1976 Secretary for making "a deliberate misstate· lations about the federal food stamp pro. Profits motivate our most intelligent, ment," and charged that what Mr. Simon gram, the burden of proof would seem ~ our most industrious, and our m-ost cre­ was saying about the program was nsharply be not on "those, like Ronald Reagan, :who ative to produce their maximum at odds with all other available data.." :want more local .contr.ol o:ver the program. to ea­ But now, in a couple of excellent lnvestl· but on those who argue that it should eon• pacity, for whatever reason, .and com­ gative articles in the washington Star news· .tinue to be funded by the federal govern­ pensates them in a similar manner. It paper, reporter Michael Satchell has made ment. provides the dreams of better days and some new data. available which, to put it higher standards of living which moti­ mildly, leaves Sen. McGovern looking .1·ather vate our youth to educate themselves. ridiculous. OPEN THE DOOR FOR CLOSET And who benefits from an this? We all It seems that government auditors and CAPITALISM do. FBI agents have uncovered evidence of mas­ sive and illegal use of federal funds among Better education provides the mecha­ some of the 6,700 banks, credit unions, check­ HON. ELFORD A. CEDERBERG nism for even greater utilization of the cashing outfits and other agencies nation­ tools of capitalization. Better technol­ wide that sell food stamps to the public. OF MICHIGAN ogy. higher efficiency, and greater pro­ A preliminary survey by Department of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES duction are its 1·esults. More jobs and a Agriculture investigators, which only skims Thursday, March 18, 1976 greater surplus, .above our consumption, the surface, shows that, despite a law which are its gains. requires them to deposit within 24 hours re­ Mr. CEDERBERG. Mr. Speaker, cap­ Therefore, I call your attention to Mr. ceipts of $1,000 or more from food stamp italism remains the backbone of this Novak's article reprinted below as a coupon sales, 18 stamp vendors have not yet country, as well as a declining number deposited receipts totaling $8,788,983. guide for reexamining your own con­ of other nations, in spite of efforts in victions. You may be surprised. Closet Reporter Satchell says "a portion of this recent years by liberals to shortcircuit $8.7 million sems to have been embezzled, capitalists may be found in many diffe~.'­ either spent or salted away." Two credit the system. Unfortunately, many of its ent forms, not the least of which is a union vendors .reportedly used their food advocates have become reticent. not for Congressman: stamp receipts to pay operating expenses and the lack of a forum from which to speak [From the Washington Post, Mar. 14, 1976J to make loans. This free use of federal funds but rather in reflexive protection against is called "lapping." the diatribes of a vocal minority extoll­ A CLoSET CAPITALIST CONFESSES A top Agriculture Department official is ing the benefits of socialism and protest­ (By Michael Novak) quoted as saying: "The potential of this is ing the decadence of capitalism. The day I heard Michael Harrington say enormous, just enormous. Just the first quick that most liberals are "closet socialists," I check has turned up a handful of vendors Michael Novak, a Catholic theologian in knew by my revulsion that I had to face ..an owing $8.7 million. Imagine what it could a March 14th Washington Post ugly truth about myself. For years, I had amount to when the entire program is au­ column, has labeled these supporters, tried to hide, even from myself, my uncon­ dited. How much of the money has vanished? "Closet Capitalists," and in fact makes a scious convictions. In the intellectual circles And how long has this been going on? You confession, much like the alcoholic ad­ I frequent, persons with inclinations like have millions of federal dollars floating mitting his illness, that he has been one my own are mocked, considered to be com­ around in the inner cities. What's it been for years. He explains that although he promised, held at ann's length as security used for? Has it financed illegal activities? tried to rationalize socialism, an effort risks. We are easily intimidated. Why is it only now being discovered? The truth is there are probably millions There are also strong indications that a made to keep in tune with the times, of us. 'Who knows? Your brother or sister cover-up has been going for a long, long his logic and commonsense finally pre­ may be one of us. The fellow teaching in the time to hide these Ulegal activities within vailed and rejected its concepts. class next to yours; the columnist for the the federal food stamp program. Reporter Likewise, I think this Congress has rival paper; even the !amous liberated Satchell quotes several middle-level em­ many "Closet Capitalists," men and poetess-our kind, hiding their convictions ployes of the program as saying that the women who stand with the current trend out of fear of retribution, lurk everywhere. pt•ocess of "lapping" has been going on for to liberalize, or more COlTectly socialize, Even now we may be conupting your chil­ years but that the rule was: ''Keep it quiet, our fundamental economic structure but dren. don't rock the boat." We are the closet capitalists. Now, at last, What this emerging scandal within the who are unable to shake the realiza­ our time has come. The whole world is going food stamp program demonstrates is the tion that "decadent" capitalism has pro­ socialist. Nearly u ·s out of 142 nations of the wisdom of RonaJ.d Reagan's suggestion that duced achievements unparalleled else­ world are socialist tyrannies. A bare 24 are progrruns such as this should be totally wnere. free-economy democracies. w~ are the funded and operated by -state and local gov­ This very richness~ the residual of pro­ world's newest, least understood and little ernments, where, presumably, they would be duction over consumption, has enabled loved minority. It is time for us to begin, run much more efficiently and policed more us to minister to the needs of the people everywhere, organizing cells of the Capitalist closely; or, perhaps, be eliminated entirely. more comprehensively and equitably Liberation Front. As it sta.m:ls now, the states are supposed I first realized I was a capitalist when all to be the first line of defense against fraud than alternative forms of government. my friends began publicly declaring that in the food stamp program. But, in fact, there I appeal to those of my colleagues, who they were socialists, HaJ:rlngton and John is actually a disincentive for the states to eontinue to be distt~seti by the logic of Kellll€th Gailbraith having called the "Sig­ ferret out wrongdoing be_cause, for one thing, those programs which belittle the bene­ naL. How I wished ~ .could be as left as they: it 1s all federal money-not state dollars­ iits of capitalism, the importance of Night after night I tried to persuade myself that -pay for the bonus value of the food profits, and the need for the independ­ of the coherence of their logic; I did my best to go straight. I held up in the privacy of my stamp-s which amounted to $4.4 hillion in ent entrepreneur. In all likelihood, you Fiscal 1975. It .is only human nature that room pictures of every socialist land known peopl.e spending nther people's money ar.e are a closet capitalist. to me: North Korea, A1banla, Czechoslovakia. much less careful than if they were spending It is not something for which one (land of my grandparents) and even Sweden. their-own. should be ~mbarasseti. In contrast, you Nothing worked. Presently-as it is now run from Washing­ mould be proud that you have not al­ When I quizzed my socialist intellectual ton-the iood stamp program is a mess. As lowed yourself to be swayed by fallacious friends, I found they didn't like socialist countries, either. They all .said to me: "We reporter Satchell writes, quoting employes arguments that WDuld undermine the from within the Agriculture Department want socialism, but not like Eastern Europe." fundamentals of our society. ~ said; "CUba?u No suggestion won their Food Stamp Division, the program is "rife The incentives provided by capitalism, with cronyism anti neyotism and is a haven assent. They didn't want to be identified with for incompetents .and that much of the blame however decadent in its rewards for China (except that the streets seemed clean). for turnitlg .food sta.Illps into the worst run those who would take advantage of them, Nor with Tanzania. They loved the idea of of the nation's we1ftn'e programs lies with benefits everyone. The proof is around socialism. poor leadership within the division." you. It cannot be denied, nor should it "But what i'5 it about this particular idea The more we ieat'll about the program, like be. you lilre?" I asked. "Government control? "food 'Stamp'S, 1ih'&'t "M'r. Reagan wants to .return Profit is the magic word that stimu- Will we have :a. Pentagon of heavy industry?" to the sta1les--->Where, unlike at the federal Not exactly. Nor did they think .my sugges­ lates investment which in turn allows for tion witty, that under socialism everything level, there ls '&t leMt the hope at being able gTowth, expansion, and renewal. These i;t, retmm t!te9e tnel'e'dibly -expensive boon­ would "function like the Post Office. When doggle&--'.t'he 'ftlM'e tM ·tdeas !being put Yorth activities mean jobs, productive and they began to speak of "plannln~," I asked, who would police tlle planners? They had. by "the "forme!' 'Ca.llfor!~lll. Governor make permanent, without which any effort enormous faith in poUticia.nS, bureaucrats sense. directed to the social needs of our society In any event, in light of these recent reve- would fail. and experts. Especially in experts. March 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7251 "Will Mayor Daley have 'clout' over the SYNTHETIC FUELS dustry off the ground in House science and planners?" I asked, seeking a little comfort. technology subcommittee hearings. "Or congressmen from MissisSippi?" My Industry critics claimed ERDA will fail friends thought liberal-minded persons to meet its long-term goal of developing would make the key decisions. Knowing the HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD alternate-fuels supplies by which the U.S. nation, I can't feel so sure. Knowing the OF PENNSYLVANlA could reduce its dependence on foreign oil. ERDA's most vocal and outspoken critic liberal-minded, I'm not so comforted. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Since they have argued that oil companies was Carl E. Bagge, National Coal Association are now too large, I couldn't see how an Thursday, Mareh 18, 1976 president, who said that ERDA's problem "is HEW th.at included Oil would be smaller. Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. the fact that its primary method for per­ My modest proposal was that they encourage forming research, de-relopment, and demon­ Mr. Speaker, this Nation needs a strong stration is predicated upon a paternalistic monopoly in every industry and then ~ake synthetic fuels industry, but it is not go­ each surviving corporation head a cabmet and pedantic 'father-knows-best' assump­ officer. ing to get it unless major changes take tion." place in our attitudes about its impor­ Proposals rut. Bagge charged that "several Practical discussions seemed beside the (industry) interests have recently been pre­ point. Finally, I realized that socialism ~ tance to our future. Time and again, we have been told that unless we begin to­ cluded from pursuing otherwise viable proj­ not a political proposal, not an economtc ects precisely because of the rigidity of plan. Socialism is the residue of Judaeo­ day, th~ long-term goal of energy inde­ ERDA's request-for-proposals bidding pro­ Christian faith, without religion. It is a be­ pendence will not begin to be met cedure;• which he argued should be much lief in community, the goodness of the hu­ tomorrow-if ever. Much of our hope more .flexible. man race and paradise on earth. rests with the quick development of syn­ Bagge explained that "ERDA's stubborn That's when I discovered I was an incur­ thetic fuels. insistence on following the same pattern in able and inveterate, as well as secret, sinner. Despite evidence clearly showing that its contraeting is a major obstacle to energy I believe in sin, I'm for capitalism, mod1fied a sizable portion of our national energy progress." and made intelligent and public-spirited, be­ For example, with demonstration plants, cause it makes the world free for sinners. It needs can be provided through quick commercialization of already existing program officials identify an a.rea of tech­ allows human beings to do pretty much what nology and then issue a request for pro­ they will. Socia.lism is a system built on be­ synfuels technology, almost no effort has posals. Conceptual-design contracts are then lief in human goodness; so it never works. been made by ERDA to incorporate al­ issued which -are 100% funded by ERDA. Capitalism is a system built on belief in hu­ ready known capacity into our national Upon completion of these designs, a win­ man selfishness; given checks and balances, energy program. Their inertia stems ning design is selected, and industry and it is nearly always a smashing, scandalous from policies seemingly able to do only ERDA share the remaining costs of the proj­ success, Check Taiwan, Japan, West Germany, one thing-to slow down the growth and ect on a 50-50 basis. Hong Kong and (one of the newest nations "We do not believe ERDA should par­ in one of the recently most underdeveloped development of alternate fuels. Why this is so at a time when we continually hear ticipate in demonstration plants the same sectors of the world) these United States. way every time," Bagge said. "Achieving en­ Two hundred years ago, there was a China, of the need to deregulate natural gas, to ergy independence will require the use of and also a Russia. The United States was decontrol oil, and to press ahead for nu­ only a gleam in Patrick Henry's eye. many coal-utilizing technologies, each of clear power development is no mystery. which will require the resolution of dltrerent­ Wherever you go 1n the world, sin thrives It is simply a case of misplaced empha­ economic, technical, and environmental un­ better under capitalism. It's presumptuous sis on solutions to energy needs. certainties before they can be successfully to believe that God is on any human's side. American industry has told us over commercialized. We submit that until ERDA (Actually, if capitalism were godless and so­ develops sufficient .flexibility to deal with cialism were deeply religious, the roles of and over again that it is willing to gal­ vanize its know-how, its organizational each technology, it will not succeed in its many spokesmen in America would be re­ stated mission." versed In fascinating ways.) But God did capacity and its capital, and go into syn­ Bagge suggests that ERDA encm:trage un­ make human beings free. Free to sin. God's fuels production. What industry wants is solicited proposals for a whole range of proj­ heart may have been socialist; his design assurance that it will be able to recover ects within the context of general goal­ was capitalist as hell. There is an innate its operating costs, and obtain a reason­ oriented guidelines, thereby eliminating the tendency in socialism toward authoritari­ able return on its investment. As it now current rigidity within the agency. anism. Left to themselves, an human beings stands, it will get neither, and the real Supporting Bagge was Dr. George Hill, di­ won't be good; most must be concerned. rector of the fossil-fuel department of the Capita.lism, accepting human sinfulness, rubs loser will be the American people who be Electric Power Research Institute. Hill, "dis­ sinner against sinner, making even dry wood will left with little solution to the mayed at the procurement policies and time yield a spark of grace. energy supply problems we all know lie delays associated with ERDA procurements," Capitalism has given the planet its present ahead. said that the "requirement to issue competi­ impetus for liberation. Everywhere else they Mr. Speaker, I introduced H..R. 11494 tive requests for proposals at each stage of are hawking capitalist ideas: growth, liber­ to provide a very necessary incentive to a major pilot or demonstration-plant pro­ ation, democracy, investments, banking, in­ that search for answers. I believe we must curement unnecessarily stretches out the de­ dustry, technology. Millions are alive, and use as many synfuels technologies as we velopment program and leaves the selected living longer, because of medicine develop­ can muster. I believe we must adopt as contractor of a given phase uncertain as to ed under capitalism Without our enormous his future role 1n the project." psychic energy, productivity and inventions, much flexibility in our choices as we can Incentives needed? But even with a mm·e oil would still be lying under Saudi Arabia, develop. I am confident that my bill will flexible bidding process, some industry rep­ undiscovered, unpumped and useless. Coffee, provide opportunity for both to happen. resentatives claimed that synthetic-fuels de­ bananas, tin, sugar and other items of trade Recent hearings before the House Sci­ velopment would not come about without would have no marke•ts. Capitalism has made ence and Technology Subcommittee, some federal financial incentives. the world rich, inventing riches other pop­ ably chaired by my good friend and col­ American Gas Association Pres. F. Donald ulations didn't know they had. And yielding league KEN HECHLER, revealed grave mis­ Hart expressed his concern with the lack of sinful pleasures for the millions. givings held by various industry leaders progress in the development of a high-BTU, Six per cent of the world's population coal-gasification industry. Though the Lurgi concerning present-day synfuel policies. process has proved the industry a viable one, consumes, they say, 40 per cent of the world's be goods. The same 6 per cent produces more Many of industry's fears can elimi­ Hart said, no commercial plants have been than 50 per cent; far more than it can con­ nated if H.R. 11494 is enacted. For that built because of the financing problems. Hart sume. No other system can make such a reason, I am including as part of my re­ urged Congress to enact a bill providing loan statement, even in lands more populous, marks an account of the problem and its guarantees for high-BTU gasification plants. older and richer than our own. As everybody solution carried in the ~rch 1 issue of Columbia Gas System Inc., however, knows, hedonism requires excess. the Oil and Gas Journal. Th-e text fol­ plumped for an assured governmental pric­ Look out, world! The closet capitalist are lows: ing policy for synfuels. According to Ch.air­ coming out. Y_ou don't have to love us. We man and President Bernard J. Clarke, the ERDA PoLICI!:S SAm SLOWING GROWTH OF main problem impeding building demonstra­ don't need your love. If we can help you ALTERNATE FuELS out, we'll be glad A system built on sin tion plants is "the uncertainty as to the to. The Energy Research and Development is built on very solid ground indeed. The regulatory treatment which would be af­ Administration resembled a well-used dart­ forded to investm.ents by ColU1Ubia in saintliness of socialisln will not feed the board last week after a. series of congres- poor. The United States may be, as many of demonstration plants during the extend.ed sional hearings on its fossil-fuel pl'ogram. time for construction and startup and until you say, the worthless and despicable prodi­ Industry and congressmen alike scored the output of the plant becomes economical­ gal son among the nations. Just wait and see ERDA for paper-ridden bureaucracy and ly competitive. who gets the favted cal!. weak efforts to get the synthetic-fuels in- "If we could be assured of a recovery of our 7252 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ' Matt~ch 18, 1976 operating costs and a return on our Invest• leagu.::s who want to keep the Election Com­ The Arkansas River, which skirts the ment during this period, our views or joint mission In business. Could he be deliberately downtown area, is being beautified with a participation with ERDA would be entirelJ courting a presidential veto, hoping that the series of dams, parks and recreational facil­ dlfl'erent. Absent that assurance, we must Election COmmission wlll die of it? ities. look to ERDA to take the lead.'• CAMPUS. IN SUBURBS Spread over a hillside in the suburbs is the !futuristic campus of the university estab­ TULSA PROGRESS SALUTED lished by Evangelist Oral Roberts. Opened in ELECTION REFORM, OR POLITICAL 1965, tC.e university has 3,000 students en­ BLACKMAIL? rolled and graduate schools in medicine, law, HON. JAMES R. JONES business and theology. OF OKLAHOMA "I don't care what you think about Oral Roberts• brand of religion, you have to ad­ HON. BILL FRENZEL IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF MINNESOTA mit that he's building a great university," Thursday, March 18, 1976 comments a Tulsa business leader. "He has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES hired top educators to teach there by paylng Thursday, March 18, 1976 Mr. JONES of Oklahoma. Mr. Speaker, more than the competition." I would like to take this opportunity to Jenkin lJoyd Jones, editor of the Tulsa Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, follow­ share with my colleagues an article that Tribune, says that Tulsa retains its pioneer ing is an editorial that appeared in the appeared in the U.S. News & World Re· spirit. "People here like to build and improve March 16, 1976, issue of the Washington port on March 22, 1976, entitled "Mid· things," he asserts. "That's what separates Star. I do not necessarily concur with the America's Success Story." pioneers from ordinary people." remarks aimed at or questioning the One of the highlights of the article Mr. Speaker, I want to close with what motives of the distinguished chairman of was the summation of the rapid progresS you already know, and that is Oklahoma the House Administration Committee, and development currently being wit· is the land of tomorrow and tomorrow is but I do think the editorial is correct in nessed in my home city of Tulsa. here now. its analysis of the committee's bill. The article follows: The questions raised about the bill in MID-AMERICA'S SUCCESS STORY this editorial are being raised all over­ TuLSA.-Typical of the booming cities of FEDERAL EMPLOYEES: MYTHS AND the country. Yesterday I inserted a Post mid-America is this Oklahoma metropolis, REALITIES editorial which touched on some of the born in 1880 as an Indian vlllage and nour• same questions. tshed on oil in its formative years. The committee bill is now broadly un­ Today, 96 years later, Tulsa is approaching HON. HERBERT E. HARRIS II maturity with skyscrapers reaching into the OF VmGlNIA derstood to be destructive to the Election prairie sky and suburbs rippling outward. Commission's independence. The city's economy is galning diversity. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It is becoming more obvious that the It has capitalized on its central location in Thursday, March 18, 1976 correct course of action for the Congress the U.S. to become a major computer data­ Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I would like is to merely reconstitute the Elections proce~ing center. Four major oil firms pro­ Commission. cess their credit-card accounts here-Shell, to bring to the att-ention of the Members The editorial follows: Sun, Skelly and Cities Service. Avis Car of the House a statement made by our Rental and American Airllnes reservations colleague, STEPHEN J. SOLARZ Of New ELECTION REFORM, OR POLITICAL BL!~CKMAIL aro handled in Tulsa. York, made before the New York City It's hard to tell whether Rep. Wayne Hays is working for or against legislation to KEY: A WATERWAY and Long Island Council-District 2-of keep the Federal Election Commission in A big boost for the city's growth came in the American Federation of Government bus ness. 1971 with the opening of the Arkansas River Employees on March 31, 1976. You will recall that Mr. Hays had wanted Navigation System, a 448-mlle waterway The statement follows: to kill the commission but was turned around tying this region to the Mississippi River FEDERAL EMPLOYEES: MYTHS AND REALITIES and giving it access to the sea. by George Meany of the AFL-CIO and House (By Hon. Stephen J. Solarz) leaders who wanted the commission kep-t The project was a dream of the late Okla­ alive. homa Senator Robert Kerr who brushed aside This is the year in which we celebrate the Mr. Hays's House Administration Commit­ charges that it would have been cheaper to 200th anniversary of the first truly demo­ tee has completed work on legislation pave the river with concrete rather than cratic revolution in the history of mankind. ostensibly aimed at saving the Election com­ tame it for a waterway. For most Americans the promise of prog­ mission from legal lnflrmitles found by the Today, Senator Kerr's project is proving ress contained in the Deolaration of Inde­ Supreme Court. 3ut while fixing the flaws, itself. Last year, 350,000 tons of cargo moved pendence has been amply and abundantly the Admlnlstratlon Committee has added through Tulsa's Port of Catoosa. Some prod­ fulfilled. several appendages, at least one of which is ucts such as huge heat exchangers for petro­ But for many Ameri::ans the po3sibilltles highly controversial and might result in a chemioal plants are shipped overseas via the for participation in the mainstream of the presidential veto. waterway. political and economic life of our country The Administration Committee has decreed Tulsa's oil-tool manufacturing, steel­ are still more illusory than real. that corporations that have organized polit­ fabrication, and petroleum-service industries We have heard much in recent years about ical action committees to collect funds for are currently leading the city's economic ac­ the legal and social disabilities which have candidates cannot solicit donations from em­ tivity. At latest report, deposits in the 23 been imposed on blacks, chicanos, women, ployes; they could solicit only stockholders banks were 54 mlllion dollars ahead of a homosexuals, and other recognized minor­ and management omoials. No slmilar restric­ year ago, while loans had increased by 115 ities. tion was put on political action committees million. Says Russell Hunt of the First But I want to talk tonight about another National Bank: minority constituting an even smaller per­ of labor organizations. centage of the population than any of the It is a blatant attempt by Mr. Hays & Co. "Housing is making a strong comeb:lCk to give labor an -apper hand over manage­ and petroleum-related flrtns are still ex­ groups I referred to a moment ago. panding. Despite the end of the oil-depletion I have in mind a minority which suffers ment in raising political funds and electing from the kind of political and e::onomic re­ candidates. A Republican member of the allowance and the rollback in oil prices by Congress and the President, we are stlll mak­ strictions which, if imposed on blacks. chi­ Administration Committee argued, to no canos, gays, or women, would lead to a majcr avail, that llmiting the right of solicitation Ing loans to oil firms with optimism." After years of preoccupation with growth, social a.nd political upheaval in our society. to a certain class of individuals may be I have in mind a minority whi::h, in this unconstitutional. Tulsa now is turning attention to becoming a better place to live. Bicentennial year, is still prohibited !rom ac­ The White House has indicated that Presi­ tively participating in the political life of dent Ford may veto the blll if it contains the The VVilliatns Center, a 200-mlllion-dollar urban-renewal projec... covering nine square our country. restrictive provision when it reaches his desk. I have in mind a minority which, unlike Mr. Hays, with his usual swagger, threatened blocks, is restoring vitality to the downtown business district. Under construction or in any other group of Americans, is forced to to block requested appropriations !or the accept wi~ked wage controls whtch limit U.S. Information Service unless Mr. Ford the advanced planning stage are a E2-story their pay increases to less than 50% of the signs the bill-which smacks of political office building, a 400-room luxury hotel, a annual increase in the cost-of-ll.,fng. blackma.U. theater for the performing arts, a parking I am talking, of course, about the 2.8 But wait. There may be more to all this garage and a Galleria. shopping mall. Amid million men and women who serve our than meets the eye. Perhaps the foxy Mr. all this will be a 2.5-acre plaza to give green nation in their capacity as federal civilian Hays is trying to pull a fast one on his col, space. employees. March 18, 1976 " EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7253 .· These are troublesome times for· all public sometim-es the only effective answer to pri­ And, so I say to you that the best way to exnployees. It is a rare day that you don't vate tyranny. And that what President Ford celebrate the bicentennial would be for us flick ·UP a newspaper and find some peri­ and the other champions of conservatism to take our icepicks to Washington. patetic politician taking a cheap shot at the promise us is nothing more nor less than men and women who see to it that our gov­ freedom for the rich and exploitation of the ernment works. poor. In this presidential year, federal employees The fact is that real freedom-not the fake CUTBACKS AT LORING? have been forced to take the brunt of these freedom offered us by the president--requires demagogic denunciations. Some of the most an expansion rather than a contraction of . ' important public officials in the land have government services. HON. WILLIAM S. COHEN found the federal government and the people Only a national hea1th insurance program OF MAINE who work for it a convenient scapegoat, and will free the American people from the de­ a means of distracting public attention from bilitating worry of an economically ruinous IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the fact that, they themselves, offer no real illness. Thursday, March 18, 1976 solutions to the ma.ily complex problems that Only stronger consumer protection laws face our nation. will free us from the danger of unsafe prod­ Mr. COHEN. Mr. Speaker, on March These politicians, who parade as non-poli­ ucts and poisonous drugs. 11, 1976, Maine was shocked to learn that ticians, would have us believe tha.t the federal And only a federal government dedicated the Defense Department is considering government has grown too big and insensi­ to the creation of a full employment economy a plan to substantially reduce both the tive, and that all civil servants are lazy, will free us all from the personal indigni­ military and civilian personnel at Lor- mindless drones, receiving lots of money for ties and social consequences of joblessness. little work. The President and his conservative cronies ing Air Force Base in Limestone. - The fact of the matter is that the federal may not yet have recognized these funda­ The unexpected recommendation to bureaucracy has not grown out of· hand. In­ mental truths but there have been some of cut back at Loring was contained in a deed, listening to these putative presiden­ us in the Congress who have tried to im­ preliminary report released to the Maine tial .po&Sibllltles one would never know that prove the lot of the federal civil servent. congressional delegation and to the pub­ the number of federal employees has hardly Indeed, the House of Representatives, has lic by the Air Force. The Loring reduc­ increased in the last thirty years. already voted to repeal the arbitrary and tions are to be considered as part of an In 1946, there were 2,666,000 civilian fed­ archaic Hatch Act and to restore to federal Air Force attempt to eliminate $150 mil­ eral employees. In 1976, thirty years later, employees the same political rights as those there were 2,802,000 civilian federal em­ enjoyed by their 210 million fellow citizens. lion nationwide from its budget. Some ployees-an increase of only 6/10 of 1%. In Just a few days ago, the Senate passed a $24 million of the $150 million in cuts­ the meantime, ow· population has doubled similar vel'Sion of the bill as well, and I or one-sixth of the nationwide total­ and the size of our work force has increased confidently expect that a conference com­ would come from Loring. by over 50%. mittee Will soon iron out the differences be­ Specifically, Air Force plans call for What has grown greatly since 1946 is the tween these two different bills so that the deactivating the 42d Bombardment amount of benefits distributed by the fed­ Congress can put this vitally needed legisla­ Wing of the Strategic Air Command. The eral government. Last year's federal budget tion on the President's desk. B-52's now at Loring and the tankers totalled 373 billion dollars as compared to There are rumors that the President may a 1947 federal budget of only 55 billion dol­ veto this bill. He has vetoed so many other that service them would be reassigned to lars. This is an increase of over 650%. Even bills that it wouldn't at aU surprise me if the Air Reserve Forces. The only major discounting inflation, the real value of fed­ he vetoed this one too. But I would suggest units left at Loring would be the 49th eral programs has increased more than 250%. that President Ford's rejection of this legis­ Fighter Inceptor Squadron and its sup­ I doubt that there is a private corporation lation would be an act of shear hypocrisy. port personnel. Loring would be reduced in the country that can boast that they more It would be simply unconscionable for the to a forward operating base capable of than doubled their produ and the Senate Ap· to all Interested agencies, activities, and Loring Air Force Base originated, and as to parties for comment. Notice of the avail­ the complete reasons why this decision was propriations Committee has recommended ability of the draft EIS will be published in made; and be It further that these economies be taken in support the Federal Register along with appropriate Resolved: That duly attested copies of this areas, not combat units. The results of our information guidance as prescribed by regu­ Resolution be immediately transmitted to r~view and the on-going modernization pro­ lations. the Members of the Maine Congressional gram of transferring KC-135s to the Air Re­ serve Forces initiated in 1974 permits us to Comments will also be solicited on the Delegation With our thanks for their prompt draft EIS and those received wm be evaluated attention to this Important matter. relocate the active units from Loring and reduced the base to a forward operating tnse and considered in the final EIS, which will capable of supporting alert aircraft and con­ be filed with the Council on Environmental H.P. 2188 tingency operations. Quality and announced in the Federal Reg­ Joint resolution protesting the threatened The Air Force has been converting Reserve ister. Decisions made after completion of the reductions at Loring Air Force Base force units into KC-135s at the rate of one envh·onmental process, which wm take ap­ Reserve Squadron per :fiscal quarter. With proximately 4 to 9 months, will be announced Whereas, the Legislature has learned that promptly. the Air Force is recommending inactivation the knowledge and experience we have gain­ ed with this program within the last year, All base actions are proposed to be accom­ of the 42nd Strategic Air Command Wing plished by September 30, 1977. of the 69th Bomb Squadron at Loring Air we are confident that we can now suceess­ Force Base and, in addition is recommending fully convert two Reserve Units per quarter. severe cuts in the manning levels of the base; This increased rate of conversion will more and quickly bring the Reserve forces into the Whereas, grave doubts have been publicly Strategic mls3ion and allow the Air Force WORLD HUMANIST WEEK raised about the strategic wisdom of inacti­ to advance by one year the retirement of vating the 42nd Strategic Air Command older, less efficient weapon systems. HON. BELLAS. ABZUG Wing; and The primary consideration in selecting the Whereas, it is estimated that 83% of the bases for reduced status or closure, is to in­ OF NEW YORK Air Force personnel stationed at Loring Air sure the Air Force maintains its capab111ty IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to perform its assigned missions at the least Force Base would be transferred because of Thu,rsday, March 18, 1976 this recommended cut and that 70% of the cost. In determining which of the citrrent civilians employed at. Loring Air Force Base strategic bases should be eliminated or be Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, in recogni­ reduced in active status, an evaluation of would lose their jobs at the base; and each of the existing bases was conducted tion of the deep concern with ethics and Whereas, the inactivation of the 42nd Stra­ using the following criteria: human values evinced by humanists the tegic Air Command Wing and the cut back Honorable Abraham D. Beame, mayor of in personnel would be an extremely damag­ a. Retain essential activities. ing blow to the economy of Aroostook County b. Reduce excess capacity. the city of New York, has proclaimed and the State of Maine; and c. Generate maximum near term savings. that the week of April 4-10, 1976, will d. Consider programmed force adjust­ be observed in the city as "World Hu­ Whereas, the Air Force has indicated that ments. the decision concerning this reduction is manist Week." A copy of this proclama­ e. Retain bases with capacity to expand tion is inserted for the information of not yet final; and primary mission activities. Whereas, if these reductions are necessary In order to maximtze near term savings, my colleagues: to the federal defense budget they should the Air Force's evaluation focused upon PROCLAMATION OF THE CITY OF NEW YoRK be equitably apportioned among all Air Force 1s with bases in the United States rather than con­ bases with a single mission rather than upon Humanism deeply concerned centrated at Loring Air Force Base; and multimission bases. Bases with tactical ethics and values and in assisting people in Whereas, federal law requires the Council fighter, air logistics centers, training, or other of Environmental Quality and the Air Force major missions in addition to the strategic •NOA status retains the aircraft in the to weigh carefully evidence of environmen­ bomber or refueling missions were therefore active inventory, but manpower authoriza­ tal and economic damage which these reduc­ eliminated from consideration. Because high tions and other resource associated with the tions might cause; now, therefore, be it one-time costs would be incurred, significant aircraft are reduced. NOA aircraft permit Resolved: That We, the Members of the near term savings could not be realized by normal cycling of aircraft through program­ 107th Legislature assembled in Special Ses­ ellminating or moving the bomber/tanker med depot maintenance and avoid reducing sion, do hereby respectfully protest the rec­ mission when other mission (s) would remain the total number of aircraft needed to sus­ ommended reductions at Loring Air Force or also reql1ire relocation. That evaluation tain combat readiness of the total B-52 force. Mar.ch ._ 18, 1976 EX~;ENSIONS: OE REMARK~ ·7255

tb.eir search for those values which will help vided the U.S. Treasury with a hidden tax ded .i~· •tion to community service and en­ thei;n achieve their full potential ~s human hike and ~dditional' revenues. The property tertainment is w~ll k.nown, and esteemed beings. · in a 1942 estate of $60,000 incurred no tax throughout the community. WGSM has ·numanists have struggled, for freedom of liability under the Federal tax code. That conscience in order to have a world in which same property today would generate a tax li­ set an exampl~ for broadcasting in its e'ach person is free to come to his or her ability of as much as $30,000. f'rrst 25 years that serves as a standard own concept of truth. This is wrong. An economic .burden is be­ throug·hout Long Island. Humanism affirms the inherent dignity ing placed unfairly on the survivors of de­ I add my congratulations and best and worth of every human being, and asserts cedents with small estates when in fact Con­ wishes to those already extended to that individuals are responsible for the gress decided correctly many years ago that WGSM, and look forward to their in­ realization of their aspirations and that they the small estate should pass free from this creas2d success over the next decades. have within themselves the power of achiev­ tax burden. The article follows: ing those aspirations. I recommend to the Members of the Com­ Humanism has been at the heart of the mittee adoption of an exemption that cor­ U.S. PRESIDENTS SHOULD BE THE PEOPLE'S scientific and technological revolution which rects the unintended hardships caused by SERVANTs-NoT THEIR SOVEREIGNS has given humanity an unparalleled oppor­ inflation. All Americans will benefit by your Richard Nixon thinks that if you break in tunity for achieving an abundant and action. and burglarize someone's home or business, meaningful life. Humanism is not tied to My bill also addresses a particular in­ you are a criminal and should be punished, any one nation, tribe, or person, but draws justice brought about by the changed eco­ but, if he orders a break-in, while President, on the experiences of all societies and aims nomic circumstances. Farmers are especially he should not be punished. That's the gist for the comradeship of all people. hard hit by estate taxes, since their estates of what he says in an absolutely amazing Now, Therefore, I, Abraham D. Beame, are often land rich and cash poor. Many sons reply to a committee of Congress. ~ayor of the City of New York, do hereby and daughters of farmers would like to carry The former President, of course, did not proclaim the week of April 4-10, 1976, as on the family farm, but they find they are choose to honor the Congressional Commit­ "World Humanist Week" in New York City, unable to do so because of the steep estate tee with a personal appearance, but, rather, and let this commemoration serve to renew tax. All too often, the heirs must sell all or sent his reply in writing. Referring to the the determination of all Americans to pre­ part of the family farm to pay the taxes. I President as a "sovereign" and, indeed, serve the ideal of universal brotherhood. have been saddened to see examples in my sounding more like the English King, against own district of forced sales of farms that had which the American Revolution was been in the same family for generations. In launched, Mr. Nixon proved once again to the year 1975 alone, the number of farms in be the Chutzpah King of the Universe by indicating the President could do things REPRESENTATIVE HALL URGES Illinois declined by 2,000. It is imperative to provide relief from this that were unlawful for all the rest of us ADOPTION OF HIS FA.Mll.Y FARM peasants. BILL situation and to preserve the family farm. The small ifamily homestead has been the Brushing off all constitutional safeguards backbone of our country's agricultural suc­ of equality under the law for all men and L. cess, and it may be one of the few remaining this being a nation of laws, not of men, Mr. HON. TIM HALL avenues for personal independent enter­ Nixon again shows a complete lack of under­ OF ll.LINOIS prise. If the Congress fails to act, we may be standing of the entire American system of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES witness to the disappearance of the family government and justice. The same high­ toned justifications for lying, cheating and Thursday, March 18, 1976 farm in America. One measure of relief is raising the ex­ stealing that we heard when Nixon was Pres­ Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, today I had emption to $200,000. Another necessary step ident are found in his deposition. Richard Nixon is not repentent. Anyone else that had the privilege to offer my views on the im­ is the valuation of farmland for estate tax purposes by reference to its actual use. The done what he had would, deservedly, be in a portance of Federal estate tax reform in federal penitentiary today, but Richard Nix­ testimony before the Ways and Means need for this reform is most evident in agri­ on, a pardoned criminal, is not apologizing Committee. The task of the committee is cultural communities bordered by urban or to anyone. He continues to insist that a Pres­ suburban areas. The demand for commercial ident is above the law. awesome in its magnitude and complex­ and residential land forces the price of land ity, and I urge all of my colleagues to give far beyond its economic value as farmland. The "Imperial" President has learned noth­ their support to the committee and to the Ing. His answers should serve as a final When these values are used for estate tax reminder to that minority of Americans who long overdue reform of the Federal es­ purposes, the heirs have no choice other seriously talk about Richard Nixon re-en­ tate tax laws. At this point I am insert­ than to liquidate the land for simple eco­ tering public and political life. ing my testimony before the Ways and nomic reasons. Means Committee: Accordingly, I urge the Members of the Committee to approve a provision in the STATEMENT OF HoN. TIM L. HALL BEFORE THE WAYS AND MEANS COMMITTEE ON ESTATE Federal code that would permit the valua­ TAX REFORM tion of farmland and woodland in relation FEDERAL ESTATE TAX RELIEF FOR to its current economic use. This action will FARMERS Mr. Chairman, distinguished Members of preserve for future generations one of Amer­ the Committee, I wish to thank you for this ica's outstanding economic entities, the fam­ opportunity to appear before you today. I ily farm. come in support of crucial reform in the Fed­ HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK eral estate tax laws, which you will find in OF OHIO my bill, H.R. 7912. My bill is similar to H.R. 1793 introduced U.S. PRESIDENTS SHOULD BE THE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by my distinguished colleague from Texas, PEOPLE'S SERVANTS-NOT THEIR Thursday, March 18, 1976 ~. Burleson. The bill would raise the ex­ SOVEREIGNS emption for purposes of the estate tax from Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, Federal $60,000 to $200,000, exempt from taxation estate tax laws are seriously outdated. the first $100,000 passing to a surviving HON. THOMAS J. DOWNEY The present estate tax exemption is $60,- spouse and allow valuation of farmland and OF NEW YORK 000. Previously I have introduced legisla­ open space land at the value of its current IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion which would have doubled the ex­ economic use rather than at its highest po­ emption, but infiation over the past half tential use as commercial or other property. Thursday, March 18, 1976 dozen years has made that increase too These measures are crucial and vi tal to the preservation of a cherished American insti­ Mr. DOWNEY of New York. Mr. low. To remedy this situation I have 'in­ tution. Without these reforms, the small Speaker, once again, ·wasM radio sta­ troduced legislation (H.R. 12277) which family business and the family farm will dis­ tion, in my congressional district has would increase the exemption to $200,- appear from the American scene. This event dealt editorially with an important pub­ 000. would be a tragedy for all Americans. lic issue and-has spoken with a sense and The $60,000 limit on the estate tax ex-· .In 1942, the Congress determined that each clarity worthy of commendation. On emption has hit farmers hard. When a of us should be able to inherit without cost March 13, 1976, WGSM took a look at farmer dies, many families are unable the basic family estate. The figure of $60,000 was chosen as an amou1;1t reasonable enough Richard Nixon's latest statements about to pay the high estate taxes. They are to,accomplish this goal. srnce that time in­ the nature of the American Presidency forced to sell the family farrn. · ~ation has eroded. the integrity' of that' :fig­ and has found his analysis wanting. I I urge the Ways and Means Committee ure. B~sed on the consumer price index, ap­ am submitting the editorial below. in its current hearings on tax reform to proximately $205,000 would· be needed now 'In addition, I want to congratulate remedy this situation by increasing the to equal the value of $60,000 in 1942 dollars. WGSM on the celebration this year of estate tax exemption to $200,000. This __'i'_'~u can readily see that intia~ion has pro- its 25th anniversary on Long Island. Its inCl~ease 'of the exemption is long over- EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1976 due. n wm help to relieve the increas­ our own region, the entire state and the na­ States. Not only do I represent some of the ingly heaVY burden on farm families. tion as a whole spanned some 30 years. best of America's people, but I also speak And it is our opinion that whoever even­ for more trees, and more water, than any I have alSO introduced H.R. 5131. It tually compiles such a political history Will other man in the House of Representatives." would, at the election of the executor, do well to take advantage of research and As "Sayles also points out in his current allow a farm estate to be assessed at writing on the subject of Clair Engle by article, the trees and mountains and water its value for farming purposes. This is Stephen Paul Sayles, a young Chico High played major roles in Engle's success in Wash­ a valuable alternative to present tax pol­ and Chico State graduate who is now work­ ington. He became one of the nation's lead­ icy of valuing land at its highest po­ ing on his doctorate in history at the Uru.­ ing authorities on conservation, irrigation, tential value. versity of New Mexico. fiood control, forestry and other matters deal­ Farmland should be assessed at its Sayles already is gaining recognition both ing With natural resources. As chairman of as a historian and as an authority on Engle, the House Committee on Interior Affairs, he value as farmland. Computing the es­ who died of cancer in 1964. For example, the was the most powerful man in Congress on tate tax based on a nonfarm use often current Winter Edition of the prestigious these important matters. He wrote most of forces a family to sell the farm. California Historical Quarterly, published by the Central Valley Project CVP) legislation, I urge the Congress to move on these the California Historical Society in San Fran­ helped father the Sacramento Valley Canals two important bills. We should help keep cisco, features an article by Sayles entitled, Project here in our own Mid-Valley area, and the family farm within the family. "Clair Engle and His Political Development carried California's ball in countless battles in Tehama County." over water rights and other such matters. In close and dramatic detail, the arti.cle The fact is that most veteran political ob­ traces Engle's career from his first Tehama servers feel that Engle's career was really only County election campaign-when he became beginning-insofar as national impact was AN EXCELLENT HISTORICAL WORK California's youngest district attorney at the concerned-when cancer felled him during ON CAREER OF THE LATE CLAIR age of 23 in 1934--up through his election his initial term in the Senate. He had been ENGLE to the U.S. Senate in 1958 and his attain­ gaining ground among national Democratic ment of political prominence on the national leaders and would undougtedly h..:!.ve played a scene. key role in the politics of the mid-1960s and HON. HAROLD T. JOHNSON The article by Sayles pays careful attention beyond. OF CALIFORNIA to the prewar era when politics in Tehama The Historical Quarterly article by Paul IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES County and Northern California were con­ Sayles, therefore, is certain to gain wide ducted on a vigorous, slam-bang basis that readership both in California and elsewhere. Thursday, March 18, 1976 especially suited the tough, savvy nature of We obtained information on Sayles from Mr. JOHNSON of California. Mr. young Clair Engle. It was in those early W. H. "Old Hutch" Hutchinson, professor of Speaker, many of us here in the House battles that Engle gained the knowledge of history at Chico State, under whom the mixing politics and human nature into a young Sayles completed his master's thesis remember well the colorful, dedicated, combination to win elections. on Engle's early career. knowledgeable colleague, the late Clair The article also stresses some of the high The master's thesis ran 490 pages and Engle, who served northern California and low points of Engle's service as a district served as the basis for the current maga­ in the House of Representatives and sub­ attorney. He gained statewide attention in zine article. At present, Sayles has completed sequently the entire State of California 1940, for example, when the then California his course work and orals on his doctorate at in the U.S. Senate. As his master's thesis Attorney General Earl Warren named him the University of New Mexico and is now re­ a young student at California State special prosecutor in a case concerning a searching his PhD dissertation, which will University at Chico, Stephen Paul Sayles, blood-feud killing in Trinity County. Despite concentrate on Engle's career in Washington, fervent opposition by angry mountain men with emphasis on his senatorial years. wrote an outstanding biography of our who didn't like "outsiders," Engle obtained Sayles is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Paul good friend Clair. a conviction in that case and a legislative M. Sayles of Chico. He in-tends to make his­ He told of Clair's early days in Te­ commendation in the resolution okaying an tory his lifetime work. His article on Eng.le hama County of northern California and appropriation for his special service. leads us to believe that hls contributions ill his dedication to public service which A low point-and a heart-breaking one-­ his chosen field will be wo::thwhile indeecL was so determined that he became the came when one of Engle's closest personal youngest district attorney the State has friends was involved in a Christmas Eve fatal ever known. He became the Tehama hit-and-run incident north of Red Bluff. Engle asked Atty. Gen. Warren to appoint RECONSTITUTE THE FEC County district attorney at the age of a special prosecutor so he wouldn't have to 23 only months after his graduation prosecute his friend. Warren firmly refused from law school. and told Engle, "If you want to go any place HON. BILL FRE ZEL In 1943 Clair became Representative (in politics), you have to put your personal OF MINNESOTA in Congress following a special election feelings aside." Engle lost friends in that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and in 1958 he moved over to the U.S. case--even though he fa.iled to obtain a con­ Senate. I was privileged to follow in his viction-but the lesson taught by Warren Thursday, March 18, 1976 footsteps here in the House of Repre­ stayed in the young d.a.'s mind. He was a tougher politician thereafter. IV.Ll'. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, on Wed­ sentatives. Yet the Sayles article stresses that Engle nesday in the other body, the Senator Mr. Sayles' thesis served as the basis had a great sense of kinship with the work­ from Michigan (Mr. GRIFFIN), moved to for an article entitled, "Clair Engle and ing people and with those who need friends amend the pending elections bill so that His Political Development in Tehama most on the political scene. The combination the Federal Elections Commission would county, 1911 to 1944," published in the of toughness and closeness with the average be reconstituted and the other contro­ winter edition of the California Histori­ citizens constituted a major key to Engle's versial aspects of the pending bill be cal Quarterly. An excellent review and success. eliminated. This motion for a simple re­ summary is contained in the Chico En­ These segments of the Sayles article gen­ erated fond memories in the minds of Enter­ constitution of the FEC failed by a sin­ terprise Record, an outstanding daily prise-Record staffers who covered Engle's ac­ gle vote 46 to 47. newspaper which points out with pride tivities over the years. We always referred The closeness of that vote clearly they always refer to Clair Engle as "the to him as "the Happy Warrior" because of shows the strong reservations about pass­ happy warrio1·" because of the way he the way he relished combat against odds. ing a comprehensive revision of election relished combat against odds. And his love of the region he represented law in the middle of an election period. Mr. Speaker, so that my colleagues was a strong motivation in his service. Just after the Supreme Court decision could recall the spirit of Clair Engle who Engle flew his own plane (and became in January, the President recommended known as "the flying congressman") to en­ served so many years ago, I did want to able him to cover his huge district, the largest a sin'lple reconstitution of the FEC. So insert in the RECORD at this point the edi­ in the nation. An E-R staffer remembers ac­ did most observers outside of the Con­ torial from the Chico Enterprise Record companying Engle on one such aerial cam­ gress. Nevertheless, the committees of which captures the spirit and the flavor paign swing. As Engle deftly began the little jurisdiction have presented both Houses of an outstanding legislator. plane's descent from the rim of mountains with bills which represent comprehensive AN EXCELLENT HISTORICAL WORK ON CAREER surrounding Quincy and its small airport, he revisions and recodifications and which OF THE LATE CLAm ENGLE called the attention of the newsman to the almost incidentally reconstitute the lush carpeting of sky-reaching pines covering No history of California politics could ever FEC. be complete without some generous chapters the mountainsides: "Look at the trees!" he cried exuberantly. The closeness of yesterday's Senate on the career of the late U.S. Sen. Clair Engle, vote on the Griffin amendment is proof the Red Bluff Democrat whose service to "I am the luckiest congressman in the United 72Z7 Mat~ch 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS recall thi)Se who have served in time of war. able manpower by ordering a census taken of strong congressional resentment We need not mention names. The lists of -in May 1777. The results showed 17,926 peo­ against the pending elections bills which Congressional Medal of Honor recipients and ple in Louisiana-16,292 in the area occu­ shape the independence of the FEC, are Purple Hearts proudly carry the names. We pied by the present State and 1,636 in the obviously self-serving to the Congress remind ourselves again here today that no Arkansas and Dlinois districts. New Orleans and make complicated rules changes in one with a Spanish surname has ever de­ had a population of 3,206. the middle of the game. serted in the face of an enemy in the battle­ After Spain declared war against Great fields of the world. Britain on June 21, 1779, Galvez, the mili­ I hope you give the House the oppor­ In all of these areas gratifying progress tary man, was free to assume a more direct tunity to pass an amendment similar to has been made and continues to be made. role. He soon proved himself no less capa­ the Griffin amendment. Now, in this Bicentennial year of U.S. in­ ble in the field of open action than he had dependence and the 47th anniversary of the been in his covert operations. founding of LULAC, the national spotlight On August 27 of that year, Galvez left is being thrown on the contributions made New Orleans at the head of an expedition by Spanish-speaking people, beginning early against the British up the Mississippi. Part 47TH ANNIVERSARY OF LULAC in that struggle for independence and in the of his army was recruited along the way. It time since freedom was won. included Spaniards, Mexicans, Cubans Lou­ During this our Bi<:entennial celebration isianians and several hundred Indian~. HON. J. J. PICKLE it is entirely appropriate for attention to be Within a month this army of 1430 men OF TEXAS paid to the assistance rendered by foreign captured Fort Bute, an important British IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES countries and foreign nationals in those military and trading post ~t the northern boundary of the Isle of Orleans, attacked Thursday, March 18, 1976 early years. This aid played no small part in the success of the American Revolution. and captured British forces at Baton Rouge, Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, my good Most Americans have known from their and accepted the surrender of Natchez. school days about the valuable support given Other victories lay ahead. Early in March friend and able colleague from the Rio 1780, Galvez led his army on an expedition Grande Valley, Congressman KIKA DE LA by France, exemplified in the person of the Marquis de Lafayette. Valuable leadership of conquest to Mobile. Within days, after GARZA, spoke last month at the 47th an­ also came from the Polish patriot, Thaddeus a selge and bombardment of Fort Charlotte niversary of the League of United Latin Kosciusko, and many Americans know about the British garrison surrendered the Fort American Citizens celebration by the that. Knowledge of the assistance provided and Mobile. Soon afterward Galvez went to Washington, D.C. LULAC chapter. Havana to form an expedition against Pen­ during the Revolution by Spain and citizens sacola. A hurricane dispersed his fleet, but This is a very fine and noteworthy ad­ of her American colonies unfortunately is it was reformed and on the last day of dress which tells a brief history of this less widespread. February 1781 it left for Pensacola, appear­ laudable organization and quickly cap­ That lack is being remedied. In this Bi­ ing off that outpost on March 9. The Span­ sules the heritage of a people who have centennial period, Americans generally are ish Army landed the next day, and after ex­ being forcefully reminded of the significance tended siege operations against the fort it contributed g.reatly to this country-the and richness of our Spanish heritage. It is a Spanish-speaking Americans. was surrendered on May 10. heritage that goes far back. . Later that year, Galvez was made governor I insert this excellent speech in the The very discovery of the New World was of West Florida and Louisiana, and given RECORD with the hope that each of you the result of a Spanish undertaking. the title of Viscount of Galveston, the city will read it and learn from it, as I have: Later, the Hispanic people who first landed he had founded and which was named for at St. Augustine, Florida, built from there him. Also, he was authorized to place on his SPEECH PRESENTED BY KIKA DE LA GARZA the routes of passage that enabled other IN CELEBRATION OF THE 47TH ANNIVER• coat of arms the brig Galveston with the imxnigrants to push their civilization west­ motto "Yo solo" in recognition of his hav­ SARY OF LULAC ward. Through many years, approaching half a ing led the fleet into Pensacola Bay. The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 rearranged The victories won by Galvez were all the century, the League of United Latin Ameri­ the colonial map of America. By this treaty can Citizens has been a service and action more s~g?fficant because during these years Spanish rights were recognized in Florida the Bnt1Sh forces had turned their atten­ organization of great force for the Spanish­ including most of the southern part of th~ speaking people of the United States. tion to the American colonials in the South present State of Georgia, and the regions taking control of Georgia and sweeping up It has been effectively involved in many now known as Mexico, Texas, New Mexico through South and North Carolina. issues affecting our people. Its work has fo­ anct California. _Galve~· operations kept the Mississippi cused on educational improvement, employ­ After the original Thirteen Colonies de­ R1ver open for the delivery of American sup­ ment opportunity, raising the quality of clared their independence from Great Brit­ plies to the western reaches of the Colonies health care, advancing civil rights, and ac­ ain, Hispanics participated in a telling fash­ His efforts along the Gulf Coast and in west~ tive participation in community affairs. ion in the Revolutionary War. ern Florida helped to bring about the de­ Yes, LULAC has been in the forefront of At the outbreak of the Revolution, Spain's feat of Cornwallis and the eventual regain­ progress in all the above and many more. We foreign Ininister, Grimaldi, wanted his na­ i~g by the Continental Army of the Caro­ remember the names of Canales, Perales, tion to join France in war against Britain. ~Inas and Florida. These were key elements Garza, Alaxnia, Gonzales, and many more of This effort did not succeed at the time but 1n the success of the American Revolution. those brave and loyal Americans who ini­ within weeks after independence was' de­ Galvez is not forgotten and I hope his tiated the struggle to right the wrongs, to clared by the colonies the Spanish govern­ memory soon will be a visible presence in broaden the opportunities, to shoulder the ment was providing substantial secret sub­ our Nation's Capital. responsibilities. We should not forget--we sidies to pay for arms and other essential The Spanish Government has proposed to should proudly point out that those who supplies for the Continental Army. present to the United States a statue of this began LULAC believed that every right had a Fortunately, not long after the Declara­ leader of 200 years ago. Last week I had the corresponding obligation, and they so con­ tion of Independence an experienced Inili­ pleasure of joining a number of other mem­ ducted their private and public lives. We tnry man, Don Bernardo de Galvez, was bers of the House of Representatives in spon­ commend them, and I, as a member of the named by royal order as governor of the soring legislation to authorize the selection Congress of the United States of America, in Spanish province of Louisiana. He assumed of an appropriate site for its erection here my official capacity, salute them. that position on January 1, 1777. He was in Washington. It is a deserved tribute to only thirty years of age, but he already had G~lvez _and a token of the long and warm I remember Felix Tijerina and his "Little seen military service in Portugal and in New School of the 400." I would like to think that fnendsnip that traditionally has existed be­ ~pain and had attended the Inilitary school tween the people of Spain and the people of this was the beginning of so many programs 1n Algiers. After completing his courses like Headstart and Bilingual Education, to the United States. there he was ordered to Louisiana to com­ Other Spanish names loom large in the mention two in the :field of education. And I mand that province's fixed regiment. remember SER, and it is with some pride American Revolution. After he became Spanish governor of Lou­ In May 1789, a British expedition was sent that I recall my humble participation in isiana, Galvez proceeded to do all within his this endeavor. The road was diffi<:ult and we to capture the Spanish post at what is now power to weaken the British in his area. St. Louis with the aim of ultimately pushing had to go all the way to the White House. His most notable contribution to the colo­ We should not forget and be eternally grate­ on to Natchez. The expedition was repulsed nists' cause during this period was the as­ by C.aptain Don Fernando de Leyba, the ful to President Lyndon Johnson, for it was sistance he gave American agents in New SpaniSh commandant of San Luis de Ylino­ he pet·sonally who gave the word to fund SER Orleans in procuring essential war materials for the first time And we remember the and supplies. He also brought about the seiz­ ises. early court cases for equality in education ure of British ships that had been enga<>'ed In a counterattack to this British offensive, and LULAC at the forefront. in a profitable contraband trade. Early in his the Spanish sent a force against Detroit in The list is long, my friends, and these items governorship he established an artillery January 1781. With about sixty militia and are but a few. In peace and in war we have militia unit in the province. sixty Indians, Captain Eugenio Pourre sur­ set·ved our countt·y. It is with pride that we Galvez also took an inventory of avail- prised Fort St. Joseph and the British garri- 7258 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS llfa?"ch 18, 1976 son surrendered immediately. The Spanish a histori<:al mission and developing a recre­ OU SPORTS ADMINISTRATION PRO­ held the fort for only twenty-four hours­ ational park. GRAM PROPERLY PREPARES STU­ but still it was a. victory. The Houston American Bicentennial Com­ DENTS It is clear that throughout these Revolu­ mission has sponsored the publication of a tionary years, the assistance of the Spanish booklet presenting in Spanish the text of Government and the personal efforts and the U.S. Constitution, the Bill of Rights and HON. CLARENCE E. MILLER combat effectiveness of Spa.nish military the Declaration of Independence. OF OHIO leaders were factors o:t vital importance. In San Antonio, that vitally important Their role has been too long neglected, but it early outpost of Hispanic culture, religion IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is coming to be widely recognized during the and commerce, the Bicentennial is being . Thursday, March 18, 1976 Bicentennial period. observed with a host of appropriate events. Recently I obtained from the U.S. Bicen­ They include a Mariachi Festival, Fiesta Mr. MILLER of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, tennial Commission a listing of Hispanic­ Naches Mexicanos, La Semana Alegre, Fiesta Ohio University, located at Athens, Ohio, American projects and events being under­ San Antonio, a Charreada, and a particularly offers students one of the most innova­ taken by states, cities, counties, communi­ significant Pan American Day observance tive and unique courses of study found ties, educational institutions and private sponsored by the Bicentennial Committee today among the Nation's colleges: the organizations in connection with the Nation's and the Pan American Round Table of San 200th birthday. Ohio University sports administration Antonio. graduate program. Developed in 1967, It is an imposing and heartening list, in Also in San Antonio, the roots of Spanish­ both its length and the variety of observ­ American healing and humanistic culture are this program today prepares students for ances planned. being explored in a series of film festivals. the administrative tasks and responsi­ Throughout the United States the Bicen­ The series has been developed by the Uni­ bilities tied to collegiate and professional tennial celebration is being tied in with the versity of Texas Health Science Center. athletics. Enrollment is limited and the history of the Spanish-speaking people in This is only a bare-bones sampling of the program's curriculum is demanding. America. The theme is emphasized in many diverse ways in which attention is being Graduates of the program are now in­ books and other publications. Ceremonial drawn to the historical and present impor­ volv~d in a wide variety of athletic ad­ pageants will highlight our Spanish-Ameri­ tance of our origins. Nothing but good can can heritage. Community participation will ministration. Ohio University is under­ come from these Hispanic-American celebra­ standably proud of this program and I spread out knowledge of the imJ)ortance of tions and observances of our Nation's 20oth this heritage. birthday. It might be proper here to recall would like to offer the following article To show their variety let me give you a also that while Washington and Jefferson recently published in the Ohio University few examples, drawn almost at random from and Madison and Franklin were initiating Alumni News: the Bicentennial Commission listing. their quest for independence, our ancestors FROM CAMPUS TO FRONT OFFICE In Utah, the State Board of Education has who inhabited the Western hemisphere, not One employee of the Cincinnati Reds sel­ produced an educational film depicting the a part of the English colonies, were also dom got to see the championship team in epic journey in 1776 of the Franciscan Friars yearning for the same concepts of liberty and action last season, for while Pete Rose was through the present states of New Mexico, freedom. It was not long after that the cry making clutch plays on the field, Terry Bar­ Colorado, Utah and Arizona. Copies of the for independence was heard at Dolores Hidal­ thelmas '63, MEd '71, director of stadium film have been made available throughout go and there came in our history the names operations, was busy observing stadium the southwestern region. of Hidalgo and Bolivar and Marte, as well as personnel. A community action program in Tucson Dona Josefa Ortiz de Dominguez, to name Barthelmas got his job with the Reds after has trained young people in the area in video a few. serving an internship with the club while a production techniques in order to produce a But long before then, even before the first student in Ohio University's sports adminis­ videotape oral history celebrating the white man came to these distant shores, our tration program. He is one of approximately Mexican-American heritage of the Southwest. noble ancestors, at least for many of us, had 30 OU graduates employed by professional Across the continent, down in Florida, a already created a civilization that equaled if teams or leagues. compilation has been published of research not surpassed that of the European empires. The OU master's degree program has had on the Hispanic influence in that region from Yes, my friends, it is well we should remind great success in placing graduates, according 400 years ago to the present. In Miami, the ourselves that our people had built pyramids to Dr. William G. Stewart, the program's Hispano-American Committee has arranged greater than those by the river Nile. They director. for the writing and publication of a biog­ had established an educational system, they Even in a tight job market, 13 fall quarter raphy of one of America's Founding Fathers, practiced medicine, even to the extent of graduates have found jobs with such orga­ the great Thomas Jefferson. Written in performing sophisticated surgery-including nizations as Madison Square Garden; the Spanish, the book will be distributed na­ brain surgery. We had a calendar, and zoolog­ Indiana Pacers of the American Basketball tionally among bilingual students and also ical gardens where the great Montezuma kept Association; Veterans Stadium in Philadel­ throughout Latin countries. all the birds and animals of his kingdom. phia; Frostburg (Md.) State College; Lou­ In another project, historical tapes and And so it was as you progressed South to isiana State University; the Boise (Idaho) video productions are telling of the Hispanic what is now Central and South America, and A's, a minor league baseball team; the Uni­ experiences of Boston, Massachusetts. And in to this day you see the imprint of "our peo­ versity of Washington; and the Malaysia De­ Brooklyn, New York, the Public Forum Asso­ ple" before the advent of the European peo­ partment of Sports. ciation is establishing a library of fifty-two ples. We could continue, but let it suffice for Dr. Stewart is responsible for much of this video tapes on Hispanic culture and history. now to attest to the fact that when someone success as he continually finds valuable in­ In San Bernardino, California, the county says "the Europeans brought civilization", ternships for sports administration students. museum is sponsoring a hike to take place we can rightly say, "no, they added". Yes, One of the latest developments involves next month along the route followed by they added to that which was already here. Jlm Snyder, Bobcat basketball coach of 25 Father Garcia over the old Mojave Indian And now that fate has left its imprint and years, and Dave Scott, former OU alumni Trail 200 years ago. Also in California, a park many of us are citizens of these United States director and one-time Bobcat cage star. These emphasizing the Mexican heritage is being of America, some by birth and many by men have been chosen to develop a national developed in the Spanish-American com­ choice, we of the Spanish-surnamed popula­ sports program in Saudi Arabia. They hope tion are entitled to let our hearts swell with to use OU interns and graduates in the pro­ munity of Barrio de Van Nuys. gram which is designed to make the country In the Middle West, the Dlinois State Col­ pride over the accomplishments of our for.e­ bears through the years-before, during and competitive at the international level. lege Bicentennial Committee is producing a Another valuable feature of the sports ad­ written history of Mexican-Americans in since the American Revolution-for they have contributed in no small measure to the ministration program is its sponsoring of the Chicago Heights area. The book traces guest speakers from all areas of sports. the group's origins and discusses its prob­ emergence of the United States as the leader of the free world. In the fall speakers included Don Weiss, lems and community development, linking director of public relations for the National yesterday with today. There possibly were times in the early days Football League; Dr. Joe Hoy, a.thl':ltic di­ A Latin American studies Conference a.t of the League ~ United American citizens rector a.t Western Michigan University; and Arizona State University will be held on the when the personal motto of Don Bernardino Bob Baur, an NFL referee for 13 years. subject "Revolution in the Americas." Down de Galvez-"! alone"-seemed appropriate for Gary Nickels, a sports administration grad­ in the American Virgin Islands, a project is this organization, but those times have long uate employed as a. minor league adminis­ under way to stimulate research on the ef­ since passed into history. trator wtth the Philadelphia Phlllies, has fects of the American Revolution on the LULAC is not alone today. Its own motto, scheduled a visit during the winter quarter. peoples and societies Df the Caribbean. "All for one--one for all," is a symbol {)f In addition to these speakers, who often The Spamsh-Amerlcan musical heTitage its strength--and we are a most important interview students for internships and jobs wlll be explored. 1n a conference ancl per­ part of the Bicentennial, for we were here while visiting the campus, a syntposium is formance in Santa Fe. before, we assisted then, and we are indeed conducted each year to provide additional In my home town of Mission, Texas, the an integral part now, of the American dream information for students. Special speakers city's Bicentennial Commission is restoring of 1776. and graduates of the program head discus- Ma1"ch 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7259 sion groups intended to give students a. look her and realize she has left much behind Probability surveys already used by at the experiences, activities, duties and re· her in her work in Congress which will the Statistical Reporting Set-vices­ sponsibilities that the future graduate may benefit our Nation for years to come. SR5--have demonstrated their wide­ encounter. range superiority. Probability surveys Some of the stories to be related may in­ can be given to a scientific sample of clude one by Mike Manning and Dean Tay­ lor of the Boise A's. When rain drenched farmers and will relate more accurate the baseball field during their internships, CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE IS and timely information than was possi­ the two were forced to produce a. dry field or OUTDATED ble from the cumbersome and obsolete postpone the game and lose money. Finally, Census of Agriculture. t he t wo decided to burn tires soaked with This agriculture survey can be inte­ gasoline to dry the surface. The plan worked, HON. TOM HARKIN grated with surveys for the Labor and although it prompted a. visit from the local OJ' IOWA Commerce Departments so that all the fire department, but the foul odor created by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES t he experiment kept many of the fans away needed information can be quickly and anyway. Thursday, March 18, 1976 cooperatively gathered with no duplica­ The OU program was developed in 1967 by Mr. HARKIN. Mr. Speaker, the census tion. Also these sm·veys can be spread out Dr. James G. Mason from an idea of Los An­ of agriculture is an invasion of privacy over 5-year time spans, eliminating geles Dodger magnate Walter O'Malley and peak work loads and the need for addi­ is offered through the School of Health, and an unreasonable burden upon farm­ tional temporary employees. I estimate Physical Education and Recreation. ers, and it does not yield timely, accurate that my bill will eliminate 60 to 120 jobs The p1oneer in the field, the program re­ information. A continuation of the cen­ mains the most established in the eyes of sus of agriculture is a waste of time, ef­ from the Federal bureaucracy. many sports administrators. fort, and money-roughly $15,000,000 Mr. Speaker, given the changes in agri­ Bob Wirz, director of information for ma• could be saved by the alternative I pro­ cultm·e and in methods of information jor league baseball, has said, "The best devel­ pose in my bill. collection, it makes no sense to continue oped program in sports administration that The painstaking questionnaire used in the Census of Agriculture. My bill estab­ I know of 1s at Ohio University." lishing a system of "probability sam­ Don Weiss of the NFL has remarked, "We the census of agriculture inflicts 200 questions upon a farmer who is required plings" offers accuracy and efficacy while are sold on the Ohio University sports ad· removing a substantial burden from the ministration program, especially so after hav­ by law to answer all of them. Increased ing interns :from this program for parts of demands for data have caused more fre­ farmers. the last three years." quent surveys which have further taxed The first of five women to finish the pro­ the patience of farmers to the point LEARNING TO LOVE THE PALESTINE gram was Tina Seredneskey '72, who is pres· where 17.6 percent of them in 1969 re­ ently employed as recreational supervisor by LIDERATION ORGANIZATION Deerwood Management Corp., a. Columbus fused to respond to the questions, thus firm that owns condominiums. She also has violating the law. The 1974 delinquency worked for the Continental Racquet Club. is sure to be even higher. HON. LARRY McDONALD Despite the great interest from all areas, Besides the burden upon the farmer, OF GEORGIA the program has chosen to remain small. Dr. the information attained from the agri­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Stewart said it will be expanded only when culture census is soon outdated and job opportunities grow; This policy permits many times erroneous. Taken every 4 to Thursday, March 18, 1976 only 25 of about 300 students seeking ad­ 5 years, benchmarks established for use mission each year to enroll. Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. Those admitted select from course offer­ in the next census were entirely out of Speaker, the terrorist Palestine Libera­ ings as varied as their backgrounds. Three line. The census simply cannot keep up tion Organization-PLO-is reportedly quarters of classroom work and at least a. with the rapid changes occurring in ag­ seeking ways of "legitimizing" its Soviet­ three-month internship are required for riculture. For example, the number of backed claim of being the "only legiti­ graduation; however, only two physical edu­ farms raising dairy cattle dropped 40 mate representative of the Palestinian cation classes are mandatory. Elective percent in one 5-year period; questions people" and of gaining support ior a courses include classes in management, eco­ asked in the census simply have not re­ PLO-controlled "mini-state" by present­ nomics, journalism, psychology and edu­ cation. ft.ected the changes. ing a ''moderate" face to inft.uential The need for graduates trained in these Mr. Speaker, today more and more Americans in public life. areas is becoming more apparent With the businesses and Government agencies, During the late February meetings of growth of big-time sports. Whlle some own• even the consumer, are dependent on the PLO's debating branch, the Pales­ ers demand that employes advance through current, accurate information. tine National Council, PLO leader Arafat the ranks, many others see the need for A simple way to attain that needed suggested to Senator ADLAI STEVENSON, specialized administrative training and look farm information is by probability sam­ Jr., that the PLO might be willing to to Ohio University for their future front­ pling. This method is already in use by recognize the right of the State of Israel office executives. the Statistical Reporting Service of the to exist if the Gaza Strip and West Bank USDA in making hog and cattle esti­ territories were turned over to be admin­ mates. This method is much more ac­ istered by the United Nations which curate than the census. For example, one under pressm·e from the Arab and Soviet­ A TRIBUTE TO FLORENCE DWYER agriculture census underestimated the bloc countries has declared Zionism to be cotton crop by a fulll 0 percent, the error racism. HON. JOHN W. WYDLER in probability sampling is at most 2 per­ When Senator STEVENSON reported this OJ' NEW YORK cent. conversation to the press, the extremist IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The arguments for the continuation of nature of the PLO was immediately dem­ the farm census center on the needs to onstrated. The PLO had been trying to Wednesday, March 17, 1976 supply demographic and economic data reunite the terrorist groups of the Rejec­ Mr. WYDLER. Mr. Speaker, it was my about the farm population and the farm tionist Front which prefers armed strug­ pleasure to have known and served with production; also it supplied localized gle and international terrorism to the Florence Dwyer as a Member of the county data. These needs can be met exclusion of any other tactic. Th.e Rejec­ House from the time I was elected until under the new system with a large sav­ tionist Front, led by the Marxist-Leninist the time she retired. ings for the taxpayer and the removal of George Habash, howled its objections. In addition to knowing her personally a large burden from the farmer's shoul­ Shortly thereafter, the PLO said that and serving with her on the Govern­ ders. Demographic data regarding the it was convinced that "political activity" ment Operatioru; Committee, I had the farm population can be obtained from was currently "ineffectual" and that opportunity to watching her extend not the Census of Population. Economic data "armed struggle remains the only only the usual congressional help to her can be found through probability sam­ cow·se." The PLO Central Committee, constituents but to extend to them a real ples as demonstrated by the SRS. Rele- meeting in Damascus, decided to make love and concern and to her family as vant county data can be obtained from a its priority the development of a "new well. survey administered to a sample 25 per­ guerrilla uprising against Israeli occu­ I was pleosed and proud to have known cent of the population. pation forces." We are seeing the :..·esults cx.xn--459-Part e 7260 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1976 of the PLO decision in the current stu­ propaganda outfit. And Waskow's group through 21, 1976, will be observed as In­ dent rioting in Israel. also work with Breira-"alternative"-a ternational DeMolay Week and urge all The United Nations has demonstrated New York based, sophisticated propa­ our citizens to join in saluting the young that it is under the control of the Soviet/ ganda operation also seeking accommo­ men of the Order of DeMolay, and in ex­ Third World coalition. The U.N. has dation with the PLO. Breira is headed by pressing our grateful appreciation for the granted the PLO observer status and Robert Loeb, who formerly was the Chi­ fine example set by them, in contributing other privileges. Clearly the U.N. would cago coordinator of the Jewish Peace to the welfare of our community by ad­ in short order recognize the PLO, which Fellowship and was active with the Jew­ dressing themselves to the building of has never been chosen anyone's repre­ ish Campaign for the People's Peace good character among our youth; thus sentative in any sort of election, as the Treaty. aiding in the development of leadership "rightful" ruler of the West Bank and The IPS Project on U.S. Middle East for tomorrow. Gaza. The result would be a PLO-run policy also has as an active participant "mini-state," a land base from which the Paul Jacobs. Jacobs, a former editor of PLO could continue to launch attacks on Ramparts magazine, is a fellow of IPS' moderate, pro-Western Arab States and overseas branch, the Transnational In­ SIMPLIFY AGRICULTURAL CEI •SUS Israel. stitute--TNI. In 1964, Jacobs testified The Was hington Post commented on under oath that he had been a member Arafat's approach to the illinois Senator, of the Communist Party, U.S.A. for 5 asking "Was the proposal a snare from years. More recently he has been active HON. ROBERT W. KASTEN, JR. the start, made simply to con an influen­ in pro-Cuban activities, such as the Ven­ OF WISCONSIN tial American into thinking that the PLO ceremos Brigade's 1973 Expo-Cuba, and I N T HE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is 'moderate' and that 'intransigent' Is­ in writing attacks on the CIA for the Or­ Thursday, March 18, 1976 raelis are to blame for the Mideast stale­ ganizing Committee for a Fifth Estate mate?" magazine, Counter-Spy. Mr. K.t\...STEN. Mr. Speaker, many of One American organization promoting Other IPS Transnational Institute fel­ us are aware of the paperwork burden "alternatives" to resistance to the PLO lows involved currently in the Middle Government regulations place on busi­ terrorists is the Institute for Policy Stud­ East project include Joe Stork of MERIP, nesses, but few of us are fully aware of ies-IPS. IPS cofounder and senior fel­ a recent speaker on the new mini-cartels the burden placed on our Nation's farm­ low Arthur Waskow for some 18 months at the National Lawyers Guild conven­ ers by the agricultural census. Members has headed the IPS project on U.S. Mid­ tion; Afsaneh Najmabadi, capitalism in of the agricultural community recognize dle East poliey. The project is investigat­ Iran; Helen Lackner, Saudi Arabian the value of the data compiled by the ing the "triangular relationship among studies; David Caploe, Zionism, Israel census. They are willing to comply, but the U.S. Government, the Israeli Gov­ and the West; and Fred Halliday, Iran are constantly frustrated by time-con­ ernment, and the organized Jewish com­ and the Persian Gulf states. suming paperwork, by deadline require­ munity in the United States." The Institute for Policy Studies is the ments that do net take into account their Art Waskow was previously active in heart of an extensive network of pressure peak working seasons or the timing of trying to organize American Jews and groups aimed at manipulating U.S. do­ their tabulations for tax purposes, and others to support of the North Vietna­ mestic and foreign policy in the interests by lack of coordination between the IRS mese and Vietcong aggression in Viet­ of foreign groups, often associated with and the Census Bureau on the categories nam. Waskow was the author of the the Cubans and the Soviet Union. When of information they require. original scenario for the Mayday riots in these pressure groups come to Congress A recent letter from one of my con­ 1971 with the goal of "shutting down the to advocate abandoning our allies and in­ stituents, Mrs. Laura Beane, of Fort At­ Government." stituting new policies, let us ask ourselves, kinson, Wis., puts the entire problem Waskow's so-called "antiwar" activi­ who really benefits? into perspective. Most of us in Congress ties included taking a leading role in the have never suffered through the rigors Trees for Vietnam project, and in the of feeding 500 head of cattle while try­ People's Peace Treaty, a pledge nego­ ing to come up with one set of figures tiated between Communist students in INTERNATIONAL DEMOLAY WEEK for the census by January 1, then an­ Hanoi and some of their supporters in other tabulation a short time later, then the U.S. National Student Association. still another, all while trying to get com­ HON.THOMASJ. DOWNEY plex tax records together. The IPS project is "studying" the U.S. OF NEW YORK relationships with Israel with the aim of Each of my colleagues should read showing that this alliance and our Mid­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mrs. Beane's letter to get a better in­ dle East military strategy adversely af­ Thursday, March 18, 1976 sight into the need for streamlining the agricultural census. It provides one of fects the quality of American life. This Mr. DOWNEY of New York. Mr. line coincides exactly with that of the Speaker, the Order of DeMolay is a char­ the best arguments I have seen for pass­ Soviet-directed disarmament drive in acter building organization of young men age of H.R. 11271, legislation I have co­ the United States led by the World Peace sponsored to allow statistical sampling from 13 to 21 years of age, who are seek­ methods in taking the ag census, thereby Council and the Communist Party, U.S.A. ing to prepare themselves to become bet­ eliminating a large percentage of the pa­ The argument is that the Government ter citizens and leaders for tomorrow by perwork now required for each individual has a new responsibility-a responsibility developing those traits of character farmer and rancher. which have strengthened good men in all to provide a highly-paid job for every Mr. Spea.ker, I include Mrs. Bean's let­ American, and that the money for this ages; the organization has carried out the aforementioned goals for over 50 ter at this point in the RECORD: massive Federal jobs program should be FORT ATKINSON, \VIS , taken from our defense budget. years through programs of athletic com­ petition, social activity, civic service, and March 1, 1976. IPS and Art Waskow run several over­ Congressman BoB KAsTEN, charitable projects. Longworth Building, lapping projects and groups designated to The members of Renaissance No. 3224 bring American Jews to support of the Washington, D.C. chapter, Islip, N.Y., will observe the year DEAR BoB: Received your Agribusine:::s Kews PLO. These include the Wholly Bagel of 1976 as the 57th anniversary of the Letter today and was very glad to see you are Coffeehouse and the Tzedek, Tzedek­ order so as to exemplify to all citizens attempting to do something about t he Ag "justice, justice"-disc-ussion group in here and everywhere their many activi- Census. A year ago was about the limit and Washington, D.C. IPS fellows and former ties, and to tender recognition to their had me nearly up the wall as regards govern­ staffers Joe Stork, Sharon Rose, Gil ment information surveys. It began around millions of Senior DeMolays. the 20th of December with a Federal Cattle Friend and others have worked for the As the Representative in Congress for on Farms Survey which had to be filled out Middle-East Research and Information New York's Second Congressional Dis­ and returned before January 1, Our farm is Project-MERIP-another pro-PLO, trict I am making my constituents and on comput er type records and we take a com­ pro-Marxist New Left "research" and my colleagues aware that March 14 plete cen sus of animals and crops stored on March 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7261 our farm each December 30--31 so I hopefully tionship with sectors of the U.S. Gov­ Nevada Gaming Control Board, said at a put this census off until such time as the board meeting on March 16, 1972: ernment. In this segment, reporters Don­ "Mr. Hughes has chosen to live in a mys­ men compiled the necessary breakdown fig· ald L. Barlett and James B. Steele dis­ ures for me. With nearly 500 head of cattle, tery and to surround all of his activities this is no small task. However, before the cuss Hughes' connections with Nevada with secrecy. And, under different circum­ figures could be compiled I was called by politics and with the military-industrial stances, I would concede his right to do phone and it was necessary they have this complex: that. "But, I find that such behavior is incom­ information immediately. To top it off, their THE SILENT PARTNER OF HoWARD HUGHE8-IX categories no where near fit ours. So, as the patible with the spirit and intent of Nevada bookkeeper, it was more work. Then the Nowhere is the Hughes largesse in the po­ law. So much is unknown about this man, Official Ag Census "book" came. our complete litical process more evident than in Nevada, his motives and his goals, that the state is figures were not yet back from the computer where Hughes has long needed preferential in an awkward position. for year end taxes and inventory. So I set treatment to run his multi-million-dollar "This application would ask us to enlarge it aside, hoping that somehow they would gambling and hotel empire. an already improper situation, and asks the mesh when they did show up. In the 1970 elections alone, the Hughes state to take risks of unknown size ... It was just a few short days when we organization contributed $430,000 to candi­ "In essence, Nevada law requires every received another report form regarding num­ dates of both parties who were running for applicant or holder of a gaming license to bers of trucks and other vehicles on the office within the state. fully disclose all aspects of his personal and farm. It runs to about a dozen, Ucensed and Once again, the bipartisan nature of business life. Mr. Hughes has avoided this not (those not are used strictly for manure Hughes political gifts was apparent in the disclosure despite our attempts to deal with hauling and Wisconsin does not require li­ 1970 Nevada elections. him on a discreet and private basis. This censes for those) . I set this aside, hoping Though aligned with outgolng Gov. Paul avoidance of disclosure is inconsistent with the men would compile this information for Laxalt, a Republican, the Hughes organiza­ Nevada law and with the demands this board me and I'm honestly not sure if it ever got tion made substantial contributions to both has placed upon all other applicants and mailed. Democratic and Republican candidates for In just a few short days another "census licensees." governor. Hughes refused the face-to-face meeting. taker" arrived for a special census for the All that has paid off. The state government But a year later, the license changes were ASCS office as I recall and I spent the better of Nevada has bent over backward-even go­ ultimately approved. part of 2 hours with her. ing so far as to ignore its own laws-to go By shortly thereafter, our records were Hughes had prevailed, even though it along with Hughes' demands and eccentrici­ meant bending and twisting Nevada law. returned from the computer and it meant ties. sessions with our lawyer-accountant for tax When Hughes was considering large-scale For example, Nevada law requires that mining operatlons in Nevada early in 1968, purposes. Then the better part of 2 days with every applicant for a gaming license to oper­ the Ag Census since their categories of infor­ efforts which were later shelved, he was anx­ ate casinos must be fingerprinted and pro­ ious that no one enter the field ahead of mation do not keep pace with those that ms vlde a full disclosure of all aspects of his or him. thinks they must have. I finally in disgust her personal and business life. told them there were no breakdown figures To help assure himself of a clear, uncom­ But in 1967, when Hughes began buying petitive field, he enlisted the support of the available on some categories. Las Vegas hotels and casinos, Hughes was not Since I took Ag Census myself some years governor of Nevada. fingerprinted and refused to disclose certain In a memorandum to Maheu dated Feb. ago, I know the reasons for It and the vital detalls of his personal and professional life. information it collects. However, couldn't all 10, 1968, Hughes told his then top aide: Even so, Nevada officials went along with " ... Please tell the governor that I have these various types of census be done at his "unusual accommodation," as one official approximately the same time when records been researching various minerals and sub­ would later term it, and Howard Hughes was stances suitable for a mlning program, and of farmers were available--such as about tax issued licenses for his multi-mlllion-dollar time--February 28, rather than scattered that I would be very upset indeed if some­ casinos. body entered that field ahead of me. throughout 3--4 months, requiring searching Some state authorities were not comfort­ of records, etc for much miscellaneous, ex­ "So please tell the governor I truly hope able with the knowledge that Nevada law he will not, in his genuine enthusiasm, traneous information. had been circumvented for Howard Hughes' In farm businesses where the husband at­ accidentally mention the possibility or de­ benefit alone. sirablllty of a mining operation in Nevada tempts to keep all records himself I honestly Stlll, they probably would have said noth­ do not know how these things get done. I to somebody else." know the constant requests for informatlon ing about heir concern had it not been for Hughes has often picked up supp01·t from irritate the average farmer very much since a bitter internal power struggle in the Hughes local politicians by other means over the one very lrrltated farmer "slcted" his dog on empire late in 1970. But as a result of that years. In doing so, he has, for all his secre­ me while I was attemptlng to get the census upheaval, which led to the ouster of Robert tiveness, demonstrated a surprising flair for form. I honestly couldn't blame him as it Maheu as head of Hughes' Nevada operations public relations and endearing himself to was the busy season of the year and he had and to Hughes• own mysterious departure local politicians. no time to spend at the kitchen table givlng from the gambling capital, Nevada officials A favorite Hughes practice is to promise me stupid answers to stupid questions-and to finance a major local improvement. Later, were uncertain who was actually administer­ he quietly drops his plans. Such was the some of them are just that. ing Hughes' vast Nevada holdings. I appreciate your efforts on the Ag Census case in Las Vegas in the early 1950s. So when the Hughes organization sought During the Korean War, Hughes adroitly and perhaps a llttle coordination in timing to make changes in gaming licenses to reflect these various efforts would help a lot and exchanged some land he had purchased in an internal shakeup after Maheu's depar­ northern Neva-da for a 27,000-acre tract out­ gain more cooperation. ture, gaming officials wanted proof that the Sincerely, side Las Vegas owned by the federal govern­ LAURA BEANE. changes were indeed directed by Howard ment. Hughes. On this barren piece of desert, Hughes an­ Later, the Nevada Gaming Commission nounced that he would build a rocket plant. received two letters, one which was signed No plant has been built there to date. THE SILENT PARTNER OF HOWARD by Howard R. Hughes and another contain­ In 1956, Hughes' plans to build an air­ HUGHES-PART IX ing his fingerprints. craft manufacturing plant in Florida were But the unrelated Clifford Irving affair, in announced by his representatives at a press HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON which Hughes' signature was forged on conference at the governor's office in Talla­ checks for literary advances that made it ha...."See. O.F MASSACHUSETTS No site had been purchased, Hughes men IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES appear as-if Hughes was cooperating in pro­ said, but they were searching for a 30,000- ducing an autobiography, made Nevada of­ Thursday, March 18, 1976 acre tract. Rumors suggested that the Florida ficials wary about accepting a letter signed plant would be even larger than Hughes' Cul­ Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, I am by Hughes as proof of his .intentions. ver City, Calif., plant, his main operation. inserting today the ninth installment of They wanted a discreet face-to-face meet­ "While I am not ready to talk about geo­ the Phlladelphla Inquirer's eXJ)086 re­ ing with the reclusive billlonalre. graphic locatlons," Hughes said in a news re­ garding Howard Hughes' privileged rela- As Philip P. Hannifin, chairman of the lease, "I can say that I intend to establish in 7262 Florida a company which will engage in t :tc Anny colonel;· c. G. Chandler Jr., an Air in founding Intertel, and other one-time design, development and maimfacture of ~tir ­ For.::e major general; David E. Galas, an Justice officials or FBI agents are also Intertel pranes." Air F orce colonel, and Howard R. Edwards, a officials. The governor of Florida was ecstatic, say­ Navy commander. Further, Peloquin has represented Hughes in g that the Hughes plant and allied indus­ In addition to placint retired military per­ as a private attorney in discussions with t r ies would comprise the largest indust ria l" sonnel on its payroll, Hughes Aircraft Co. Justice Department officials when Hughes deVelopment in Florida. To date, no such also formed an advisory board and invited re­ was facing criminal indictment growing out plant has been built. tired high-ranking military officers to become of possible securities law violations in the And such was again the cas e in Las Vegas members. takeover of Air West, a West Coast airline. in the late 1960s. As Lawrence A. Hyland, general manager Hughes' hiring of Abe Fortas' law firm in On Dec. 10, 1967, Hughes reached an agree­ of t he aircraft company, explained the pur­ the TWA case was typical of the way he ment with Las Vegas officials to const ruct a pose of the board to retired Army Gen. D. employs politically important Washington supersonic transport jet airport in southern Clyde Eddleman, in a letter inviting Eddle­ law firms on specific issues. Nevada to serve the State, California and man to join the board after he retired from In 1969, for example, when Congress was Arizona. the Army in 1962: considering legislation affecting tax-exempt In a news release issued by his office, "You are cordially invited to join the organizations such as the Howard Hughes Hughes said he did not expect to make a advisory board of the Hughes Aircraft Co. Medical Institute, Hughes was represented profit on the deal and would "gladly give the We feel that your experience and judgment on Capitol Hill by two well-known law firms. county the option of buying the new airport will be very valuable to our management as One was Hogan & Hartson, whose senior at its cost." we plan and execute our program. partners have been drawn mostly from gov­ Hughes made Nevadans an additional "We also hope that your contacts with our ernment service including such agencies as vague promise at the same time. management and scientists will be stimulat­ the ms. "I will go this far," he said in a news re­ ing and interesting. We visualize our board as The other was Clifford, Wa1·nke, Glass, lease. "I wlll promise some kind of small in­ furnishing us the advice and counsel nor­ Mcnwain & Finney, whose senior partners dustrial effort in some part of Nevada with mally available to a corporation through its include long-time adviser to presidents­ no agreed or committed time schedule. board of directors. Since the Hughes Aircraft former Defense Secretary Clark M. Clifford "Now I want to be completely fair. And I Co. is privately owned, it does not have a cor­ among them. should warn you that I am not noted for porate board of directors ..." getting things done in a hurry. I promise one Interestingly, the invitation to join the thing: it won't be on as favorable a schedule Hughes Aircraft Co., board was extended to as you expect, or as favorable a schedule as Eddleman not long after he was involved NO-FAULT AUTO I NSURANCE you would like it to be, or as favorable a in a series of Army decisions that ultimately schedule as I would like it to be." led to the awarding of a disputed helicopter All of these plans had the enthusiastic contract to a division of Hughes Tool Co. HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE support of Nevada's Gov. Laxalt. Although the company lost an initial de­ "Anything this man does," the governor sign competition conducted in connection OF MISSOURI said of Hughes, "from the gaming industry with the development of a new light observa­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES all the way down the line, will be good for tion helicopter, the contract for building the Thursday, March 18, 1976 Nevada." machines eventually was awarded to the As it turns out, Hughes was not exaggerat­ Hughes Tool Co. division. Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, since the ing in 1967 when he told Nevadans that his The FBI, the IRS, the CIA and the Justice no-fault insurance issue remains under improvement projects would not be com­ Department have also been fertile recruiting consideration, the following article may pleted as soon as they would like. Eight years grounds for Hughes. prove helpful. later, neither the airport nor the "indus­ Robert Maheu, Hughes' Nevada chief until trial effort" has been build. his 1970 dismissal, was himself a former FBI The article follows: But Hughes' political contributions and agent and counterespionage agent in the [From the Christian Science Mon itor, his efforts to ingratiate himself with local 1940s. Feb. 18, 1976] politicians do not tell the full story of how Maheu, who once testified that he left the No-FAULT AUTO INSURANCE UP FOR F EDERAL the reclusive industrialist influences Ameri­ FBI because "I had difficulty finding a Com­ SCRUTINY can government. munist in the state of Maine," where he (By Lucia Mouat) The story is found in the biographies of was then stationed, also worked, according WASHINGTON.-No-fault auto ins ur a.nce, the men Hughes employs. To an incredible to a Senate Committee report, for the CIA once widely considered the answer to weak­ degree, Hughes draws on individuals who on a freelance basis in 1960-61 attempting nesses of the traditional insu1·ance system, have at one time worked for the government to organize a plot to assassinate Cuban leader themselves. is run ning into some fault problems of its Fidel Castro. own Over the years, Hughes has steadily drawn His son, Peter, who also worked in Hughes' Just as it is about to undergo a critical on persons to represent him who have had Nevada operations, testified that he too test of approval at the federal level, no-fault ties with the Army, Navy, Air Force, Justice worked for the CIA for a brief period during has become the target of blame in a spate Department, Department of Transportation, the 1960s. of recent news stories. These insist that the the Postal Service, IRS, CIA, FBI, the Civil Richard Danner, general manager of the insurance reform measure is causing sub­ Aeronautics Board, the Congress and the Hughes-owned Sands hotel and casino, who stantial hikes in the cost of premiums and White House. testified before Congress that he delivered that high claim payments cost insurers $100,000 in campaign contributions to the Like most major defense contractors, heavy losses. The Government Employee In­ Hughes has long employed former Pentagon Republican campaign in 1970, is also a former surance Company (GEICO) for instance, last military and civilian officials to head strategic FBI agent. month announced its first net operating loss Hughes Aircraft Co. divisions. Walter Fitzpatrick, one-time manager of in 32 years and blamed the change on no­ Since 1969, defense contractors have been the Hughes-owned Desert Inn, is a former fault. required to report the names of high-ranking IRS agent. Ralph Winte, director of security No-fault proponents bristle at such military and civilian defense officials who for Hughes' Summa Corp., is another former charges. While they concede that the gen­ leave federal employment for jobs in defense FBI agent. eral trends are true, they point to industry­ industries. Henry Schwinn, a former ms official, was wide in flation and poor state no-fault laws According to an analysis of Defense De­ named managing director of the Frontier (where t hey exist ) as culprits. Hotel shortly after Hughes acquired it. Dean partment data made by the staff of Sen. Wil­ Nonetheless, no-fault backers an d detra :: ­ liam Proxmire (D., Wis.), 52 civilian and Elson, a former FBI agent, was also employed tors alike are keenly aware that the net military defense officials went to work for in Hughes Nevada operations. effect of the charges is likely to make the Hughes Aircraft in fiscal years 1971 through Edward P. Morgan, a Washington attorney Capitol Hill debate on no-fault sharper than 1973. who has represented Hughes on many occa­ ever. The figure, it should be pointed out, does sions, was once an FBI agent, a Truman The Senate is slated to consider federal not include defense officials who joined Administration official and chief counsel to no-fault legislation on the floor within the Hughes Aircraft before 1971. a Senate subcommittee on foreign relations. next few weeks. It passed a similar measure Among the one-time military officers who Robert D. Peloquin, president of Inter­ two years ago by an 11 vote margin and is went to work for Hughes during 1971-73 were national Intelligence Inc. (Intertel), a pri­ expected to do so again but by a slimmer Thomas J. Walker, a Navy vice admiral; Low­ vate intelligence and security agency that edge. ney H. Spencer, an Air Force major; Gerald F. has since 1970 supervised security at Hughes• The House remains the most difticult road­ Keeling, an Air Force major general; Andrew Las Vegas casinos, was formerly chief of the block. Though reportE!d out by a House sub­ J , Reiss Jr., an Air Force major; John P . . Justice Department's first organized crime comm~ttee last !all, the House leglslation h~ Pa.barcus, a .Navy commander; Earl L. Boze­ task force. yet to be called up and marked by the man, an. .Air· Force colonel; John B. Byron, a Another former member of that task force, House II_iterstate a.nd Foreign Commerce Navy commander; Stanton W. Josephson, an William G. Hundley, was· -also instrumental Cominittee. When and if it is, the measure !s J.ltla'tch 18, 1976 · EXTENSIONS OF REMA.RKS : r :7263 likely to undergo tough line-by-line ques­ the 12th District. She was a remarkable South. It was at blacks, and blacks alone, tioning. woman, a great public servant, an ear­ that various barriers to the ballot were aimed A presidential veto also looms as a pos­ nest and dedicated legislator. to deny us access to the political system. sibility. Although Mr. Ford is not against Mr. Thanks to the courageous action of many, no-fault itself, he wants to give the State Speaker, I am confident that I many people and wise leadership of a Martin action route more time. Transportation Sec­ express the feelings of all the New Jer­ Luther King Jr., we resolved those issues at retary William Coleman backs the adminis­ sey delegation in concurring in the re­ Birmingham with the Civil Rights Act of tration position but has privately expressed marks of the gentleman from New Jer­ 1964 and at Selma, Alabama, with the Vot .. support for federal no-fault, and some pro­ sey

1. DEMONSTRATED DEDICATION AND SENSITIVITY he would support, for the Consumer Prod­ manufacturing operations-Mr. Byington re­ TO CONSUMER AND MINORITY NEEDS uct Safety Commission, a provision slm1lar sponded again in generalities, resting on Mr. Byington's only activities directly to the one in the Magnuson-Moss Federal "case by case basis," "criminal sanctions related to support of consumer interests have Trade Commission amendments allocating play a vital role in the overall mix of en­ occurred during the past two years whlle funding for public interest representation, forcement tools" and "resource limitations serving in the Office of Consumer Affairs. Mr. Byington says he would "if it was neces­ would probably dictate the need for some Prior to that time he worked in various ca­ sary to get consumer input and participa­ selection criteria for referral of violations pacities representing business Interests, in­ tion within the decision-making process of for prosecution." Unanswered are questions cl udlng a business trade association, in the Commission." This response indicates about whether such an enforcement selection private law practice, and in the Commerce again the nominee's insensitivity to the method and voluntary compliance really Department on business exports. meager resources of the few consumer works, and what criteria should be used in During his tenure the President and the groups who vallantly try to keep up with selecting cases for enforcement. While few Office of Consumer Atrai.rs abandoned prior the work of the Commission, and the need would question the thesis that fear of strong, endorsement and officially opposed the first to vastly expand the participation of citizens vigorous regulation and enforcement can priority in consumer legislation, the Con­ in the regulatory process. In response to "motivate" industry toward making less dan­ sumer Protection Agency, S. 200 and H.R. another question, Mr. Byington suggests gerous products, Intent without action is not 7575, and recommended a fourth class sub­ that "such steps should be taken as are sufficient. Perusal of the Commission's own stitute developed by Mrs. Knauer's office, necessary to insure that consumers and con­ annual report shows it has brought very few something Inappropriately called Consumer sumer organizations will have an important criminal lltigatlon cases. Representation Plans. We have prepared a opportunity to play an important role in If Mr. Byington has a strong commitment lengthy crt tlcism of these plans and wish to the standards development process," but he to effective enforcement under the Product submit them for the record of this hearing. falls to acknowledge that support is ln fact Safety Act, he avoided every opportunity Last April, prior to the design of these plans, necessary, or delineate what specific steps he afforded him by the Committee questions we submitted a memorandum to Mrs. Knauer would endorse. to say so. listing 45 speclflc steps which could be taken When asked by the Committee about the 3. EXCEPTIONAL COMPETENCE AND QUALIFICA­ to make federal agencies more responsive to Commission's advisory committee, Mr. Bying­ TIONS IN REGULATORY AGENCY MATTERS ton acknowledges criticisms of adVisory consumers. All of these recommendations Mr. Byington has no background or ex­ have been ignored. The memorandum is at­ counclls in the past and assures the Com­ mittee that he is "committed to having the perience in regulatory law. He has worked at tached for the hearing record. Mrs. Knauer's office since 1974 as a manager: Essentially, the Consumer Representation advisory council play a very signlflcant role, particularly in the contribution of valuable ••. . . my responslblllty is that of the chief Plans are a consumer fraud-they are unen­ opera-ting officer. Mrs. Knauer establishes forceable promises by the various executive expertise and information as well as an ex­ cellent sounding board for new Ideas and overall policy and obviously has final ap­ agencies to do better what they should have proval on budgetary and personnel matters. been doing all along. Structurally they are concepts." These statements must be con­ trasted to the inactivity of the twelve­ It Is my responsiblllty to oversee the day-to­ empty. They do not create, acknowledge or day operations of the office within the policy even recommend any speclflc rights for con­ member OCA Consumer Advisory Council which In recent years has not had one leader guidellnes which have been established and sumers. They are nothing more than a useful serve as director in her absence." diversionary device behind which federal of a national consumer group presented de­ spite the short, two-year terms of its While the Office of Consumer Affairs has bureaucrats can yawn and continue their dis­ submitted comments on some agency pro­ regard for the interests of consumers and members. Like the so-called Consumer Representa­ posals, they are only written submissions, camouflage for the President's multitude of they cover only a few proposals out of thou­ anti-consumer actions, especially his an­ tion Plans, Mr. Byington contenances oc­ casional benevolent accommodation to con­ sands published in the Federal Register, and, nounced veto of the Consumer Protection we have learned, they are not prepared by bill. sumer Interests. For someone who will for seven years be Chalrinan of an Independent Mr. Byington. These submissions are the When asked by the Committee for his posi­ extent of the OCA's participation in agency tion on the consumer blll, Mr. Byington had agency not accountable to any political force, this Is not enough. regulation. perhaps his first opportunity to make a per­ No further comments are necessary. Mr. sonal public statement about a critical piece 2. PHILOSOPHICAL COMMITMENT TO REGULA­ Byington simply does not meet this standard. of consumer legislation he had pressed for TION UNDER THE PRODUCT SAFETY ACT just one year ago. While claiming an interest Three statements by Mr. Byington in re­ 4. CM>ACITY TO WITHSTAND POLITICAL PRESSURE In making the governmental decision-mak­ sponse to Committee questions llluminate Mr. Byington's straddle and ultimate fail­ ing process "more responsive to the people" his basic view of the regulatory process. ure to endorse the consumer agency bill and and in providing "signlflcantly increased First, he quotes the National Commission his wame 1n responses to many of the Com­ opportunities for consumer participation,'' on Product Safety as to the relationship be­ mittee's questions indicates his preference he would not endorse S. ?.00. He recommends tween the Commission's mission and the to accommodate rather than do battle with making the agencies more open and respon­ regulated industry: "'..• we have con­ strong political forces. When asked what steps sive to full consumer participation, while cluded that the greatest promise for reduc­ he would take to preserve h1s independence ignoring the fact that consumers rarely have Ing risks resides in energizing the manu­ at the commission from polltical and indus­ the resources or expertise to do so. Mr. Bying­ facturer's ingenuity. . . . We mean that try pressure, he responded: "I shall take all ton has obviously decided, as has Mrs. with Government stimulation they can ac­ steps necessary to preserve the independence Knauer, to trim his sails in accordance with complish more for safety with less effort and of the CPSC ..." without any elaboration. President Ford's reelection plans, although expense than any other body . . .' " Left Either he doesn't know what he should do, he states to the Committee that there were unexplained are the means for "energizing or he doesn't want to risk alienating any no conditions, expressed or Implied, attached the manufacturer's ingenuity" and "stimula­ strong political force prior to his confirma­ to his nom1nation as Chairman. tion," but it doesn't sound like regulation. tion. When asked by the Committee whether Second, when asked by the Committee Mr. Byington says he favors independence the Consumer Representation Plans will pro­ about priorities among research, enforce­ for the Commission, but he would seek out vide meaningful consumer advocacy in the ment, standards development, consumer edu­ "frank dialogue" with his Congressional agencies, Mr. Byington replied: " ... if we cation and regulation under Section 15, Mr. overseers. can stimulate consumer participation and Byington responded: ". . . I belleve as a 5, ECONOMIC AND PHILOSOPHICAL INDEPEND­ also sensitize federal program managers so general principle that the method for de­ ENCE FROM REGULATED INTERESTS that they better represent consumers' inter­ termining priorities among the various tech­ With his prior experience based primarily est, then I believe there is a distinct possi­ niques open to the Commission . . . should in the business world, Mr. Byington hedged bility that the Federal bureaucracy may be be to judge each of them in terms of how when asked if be would refuse for a period made more responsive to consumer needs." much it can be expected to differentially of 12 months after termination of employ­ This response either intentionally or in Ig­ contribute to achievement of the Commis­ ment at the Commission any employment norance confuses public relations gimmicks, sion's goals." This response is gobbledegook or compensation from any person who is consumer education, responses to consumer to avoid responding to a very important regulated directly or indirectly by the Com­ complaints and consumer service on advisory question which would reveal the nominee's mission (e.g. trade associations, importers, councils, which are discussed in the Con­ comprehension and view of· the most ex­ distributors, retailers, etc.) (The law pro­ sumer Representation Plans, with legal ad­ peditious and effective actions which can hibits employment for 12 months with any vocacy of consumer views in rulemaklng and be taken under the Act. manufacturer.) Mr. Byington said: "I shall adjudicatory proceedings, which are clearly Third, when asked about the Commission's always attempt to conduct myself in a man­ not part of these plans. It also indicates Mr. current policy of "motivational compli­ ner consistent with both the spirit and the Byington thinks an agency employee can an<:e"-a presumption that a few tough letter of the law," which means he intends adequately represent an outside interest in criminal enforcement actions are sufficient to keep his options open. an adversary proceeding--a situation deterrent to other manufacturers to promote In response to a question about the role frought with conflicts of interest. voluntary compliance with the Act and re­ of the economic impact finding required by When asked by the Committee whether duce the need for inspection of individual the statute. Mr. )3yington gives no lndica.tlon 7266 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1976 he understands or is prepared to handle the CITIZENS CONSUMER COUNCU.. sideration by existing Federal agencies which obstinacy of industry in their routine re­ are vested with specific and exclusive respon­ fusals to provide accurate information to sibilities. Creation of this agency would re­ make such evaluations. With his background sult in increased administrative and legal primarily in business or the promotion of HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST costs to the Federal Government as well a.s business enterprises, and a preference for OP v:tP.GINIA to producers, manufacturers, distributors, accommodation, Mr. Byington is undoubtedly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES wholesalers and retaflers which would be more comfortable in a cooperative than in passed on to the consumer. s.n adversarial posture. Whether this prefer­ Thursday, March 18, 1976 For granting the Consumer Product Safety ence would interfere with the required arms­ Commission the authority to bypass the At­ length relationships demanded in regulation Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, torney General in commencing and pursuing is not clear, but Mr. Byington certainly haS many of us have been pinioned on the actions in the courts. no demonstrated experience in sustained spears of self-serving interest groups, For permitting payment of interest on de­ ad ersarial activities. which arbitrarily select only those votes mand deposits in banks and thrift institu­ 6. ADMINISTRA'l'IVE COMPETENCE AND SOUND which are of particular conce1·n to them tions on a nation·wide basis notwithstanding JUDGllllENT and do not study the questions in depth. a current study to assess the effects of this Mr. Byington prides himself on his ad­ Their ratings frequently reflect a nar­ practice which has not been concluded, a ministrative skills. Yet, it cannot be over­ row, biased position. position which ignores the advisability of looked that while he administered an oilice Recently the Virginia delegation was proceeding as a result of enlightenment. of 55 professionals, the office comm.entec on For requiring mortgage institutions to re­ rated by the Virginia Citizens Consumer port their loans in standard metropolitan only a few among many administrative Council. Wide publicity was given to agency proposals alfect:ing eonsumers, and statistic areas by census tract. The effect endorsed some important consumer legisl&­ their findingsJ which were based upon would lead to substitution of new criteria. tion but ignored many very key proposals, just 13 votes in the House. Congressman for certain loans other than credit worthiness such as the amendments to the Freedom of DAVID E. SATTE'BFIELD m. has issued an of the borrower, increased costs to lenders Information Act, the Sunshine Act. oil and excellent press release in response, and I and favoring one class of consumers o ·er gas price regulation, Toxic Substances, small am taking this opportunity to share it another. claims courts, class action, bank: for con­ with crur colleagues. I think that it not For a program to promote. maintain and sumer cooperatives, antitrust improvements, develop markets for cattle beef and beef only shows that there are two sides to products which was a thinly disguised effort attorneys fees for participation in regulatory every issue. but it also makes it quite agency proceedings, clean air and food to advertise and promote the sale of beef. stamps. Among the consumer legislative pro­ clear that the Virginia Citizens Consum­ The costs would be refie.cted in increased con­ posals ignored were amendments to the Con­ er Council. like too many other groups~ sumer beef prices~ sumer Product Safety Act. a subject of ap­ is willing to sacrifice the broad vttal in­ DUring 1975 thel.·e were 612 recorded votes parent new-found interest at the Office of terests of the American people to serve in the House of Representatives. It is unfor­ tunate that this group would attempt to Consumer Affairs~ its own limited ones. In his responses to Committee questions, I am pleased to call this statement to classify Members as pro-consumer or anti­ Mr. Byington criticizes the Commission !or the attention of my colleagues: consumer on the b.asis of only thirteen of numerous failures or emissions, but the Of­ those votes. CONSUMER RATING fice of Consumer Affairs has never petitioned It is unfortunate that any group using its the Com.mlssion for action in these areas, and The so-called consumer rating of Mem.bers own bia.s as a standard would attempt to rate indeed submitted only two comments to the of Congress by the Virginia Citizens Con­ a Member of the House of Representatives Commission in the last two years. sumer Council does not accurately state the on the premise that any vote on complicated Listed among Mr. Byington's accomplish­ true effect of the 1:l votes in the U.S. House legislation can be so simply classified. ments are refinement of the OCA's missions. of Representatives to which it re~erred. It should be realized that all of the citizens One of these is consumer redress, or as Mrs. A rev-iew of these 13 V{)tes leads me to the of the U.S. are in one way or another con~ Knauer described it in a letter of March ~1. conclusion that the position supported by sumers. It should be understood that the 1975 to Representative Frank Annunzio, the the Council would adversely affect our na­ best interest of every citizen is served by handling of more than 2,000 consumer com­ tion's security, our economy and the long proper attention to every consideration which plaints each month. term health, welfare and general well-being may affect the citizen and the nation. No Never mentioned is the fact that a study of all its citizens. voting record review has. value unless it takes by the Technical .Assistance Research Pro­ The position on these votes advocated by all of the factors into consideration, just as grams, Inc. (TARP) which was funded by the Virginia Citizens Consumer Council a Member of Congress must if he is to prop­ OCA to review many agency complaint han­ would have been erly discharge the tremendous resnonsiblli· dling procedures, found OCA itself performed Against exploration. development and pro­ ties of his office. - unsatisfactorily in two areas: failure to fol­ duction of additional domestic energy re­ low-up adequately complaints which are sources essential to achievement of self­ handled in-house, and failure to use com­ sufficiency. plaints to change agency policy. The OCA Against a device which would assist in H.R. 11-THE SALES REPRESENTA­ deputy director does not hold regularly alleviating feast or famine conditions in the TIVES PROTECTION ACT scheduled staff meetings with the people who money market and make mortgage money answer complaints, and no reports or memo­ more available on mutually agreed terms randa of the type of complaints received are during times of greatest stress. HON. JOHN Y. McCOLLISTER regularly prepared for policy consideration. Against permitting Federal thrift institu­ tions to utilize variable mortgage rates even OF NEBRASKA 7. HIGH STANDARD OF PERSONAL INTEGRITY though state institutions in 41 states may IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES We do not have sufficient personal associa­ now do so. Thursday, March 18, 1976 tion with Mr. Byington to comment in any Against random testing of manufactured detail on his personal integrity. We think his products for safety in lieu of testing every Mr. McCOLLISTER. Mr. Speaker, dur­ weasel answers to many of the Committee's item produced. This would result in excessive ing this past year, there has been a grow­ questions raise a presumption against him, costs which would be pa....c:sed on to the con­ ing interest in legislation which I intro­ however. We also were misled by his promises sumer through increased prices. (This posi­ duced at the outset of this Congress, H.R. to aiTange the meetings in Washington, D.C. tion ignores the obvious result where such 11, the Sales Representatives Protection on the Consumer Representation Plan in ac­ testing requires destruction of the product.) cordance with the suggestions of consumer For greater reliance upon foreign nations Aet. I plan to introduce a revised version groups. The final schedule accomplished pre­ for the supply of oil and long run higher of H.R. 11 in the very near future. cisely the opposite of what was recommended, costs imposed at will by those who control This legislation strikes off in a bold with no general session held and several that oil. new direction in contract law. Because agencies of similar interest holding meetings For greater vulnerability to the potential of this, it has generated a good deal of on the same day. threat to our economy and our national se­ interest, even controversy. To more fully curity by foreign nations should they deter­ explain the problem which the legisla­ We hope tha.t other witnesses might ad­ mine to terminate the export of oil to the dress this issue to assist the Committee in a u.s. tion is designed to counter and the broad complete evaluation. For establishment of a Consumer Protec­ features of the bill, I wrote an article In summary, we find that Mr. Byington has tion Agency which, contrary to what its name which was published in a special report few o! the qualifications demanded for the implies, would not serve the consuming pub­ on "Marketing Through the Outside important job of Chairman of the Consumer lic but would create another Federal agency Sales Force," in the magazine Sales & Product Safety Commission. to act as an adversary in matters under con- Marketing Management, issued February March 18, 19?'6 EXTENSIONS OF REMAltKS 7267 23, 1976. Because this information may successful performance should be rewarded vantageous to employ sales representatives be useful to Members in responding to not penalized. now, it will continue to be advantageous. That premise underlies H.R. 11, the bill H.R. 11 is pending in the House Subcom­ constituent inquiries on H.R. 11 or its that I introduced at the outset of the 94th mittee on Consumer Protection and Finance, revised version, I am including this arti­ Congress. I introduced a similar bill in the on which I serve as the ranking minority cle, "Sales Reps: The Forgotten Sales­ waning days of the 93rd Congress to call at­ member. Although the bill was referred near­ men?" in the Record at this point: tention to this problem. H.R. 11 is designed ly a year ago, hearings were not requested in SALES REPS: THE FORGOTTEN SALESMEN? to ensure that a productive sales representa­ order that concerned parties could comment (By Representative JoHN Y. McCOLLISTER) tive who is unfairly discharged or victimized on the legislation and any rough edges could by his principal will be able to recover some be smoothed out. That period of comment Salesman X worked for 10 years for a com­ measure of the investment that he had made is approaching an end. pany that manufactured automotive parts in building the successful account that will Comments offered on H.R. 11 have been that he sold, principally to the large auto directly benefit his principal. In so doing, evaluated; modifications are now being manufacturers. Over the 10 years, he invested H.R. 11 will also provide a new sense of se­ drafted and will be incorporated into a new a quarter of a million dollars in the business. curity and a new stimulus to a sales repre­ bill that will be introduced momentarily. His annual sales approached $3 million. His sentative to make investments in developing Public hearings on the bill will begin soon. success, however, was his downfall. Noting business that wlll directly benefit both him­ that the growing sales volume was produc­ self and his principal. ing a comfortable income for the sales rep­ The blll will protect only productive, hon­ !resentative, the company cut his territory est sales representatives. To gain eligibillty MORE JOBS FOR AMERICANS and awarded the lucrative accounts to the under the terms of the blll, the sales repre­ son-in-law of the company president. sentative must open a new account or serv­ A company employing 14 sales representa­ ice an existing account for at least 18 tives represented a xnanufacturer for 10 HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS months, increase the sales volume by at least OF PENNSYLVANIA years, building sales from $200,000 a year to 50%, and be terminated without good cause. more than $1.2 million. Then, on 90 days' no­ "Good cause" is defined to include fraud, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tice, the sales representative company was dishonesty, criminal activity, or gross neg­ Thursday, March 18, 1976 terminated. The company hired its own sales­ ligence 1n performing the terms of the man to service the account. agreement between the rep and the princi­ Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, California The two examples cited above are, unfor­ pal. has become the frontrunner for sup­ tunately, not rare events. Quite the con­ It should be emphasized that nothing 1n PDl'ters of a movement to prohibit the trary. Independent sales representatives, who the bill interfers in any way with the right service the vast needs of marketers, are being employment of illegal aliens in this coun­ and ability of a principal to discharge a sales try. abused by some of their principals-and neg­ representative handling his merchandise. Although the Federal Government lected wholesale by their government. The terms of the blll come Into play only has the exclusive power to regulate immi­ Being independent operators, sales repre­ after termination (or a substantial reduc­ gration, the Supreme Court ruled on sentatives fall between the chairs. The Na­ tion in the sales representative's territory or February 25, 1976, that this does not tional Labor Relations Board denies them commission rate) , and eligibility is denied mean that States are powerless to pass the benefits of organized labor. And yet they those who are terminated With good cause. lack the status and security of management. laws concerning the employment of They live in limbo, forgotten by all branches Thus the benefits of the bill Will accrue only illegal aliens. Thus, California law now to those productive sales representatives makes it illegal for its employers to hire of government. They are covered by neither whose efforts can be expected to produce workmen's compensation nor unemployment illegal aliens when such action would insurance. It took a special amendment to continuing benefits for the principal. deny jobs to legal residents. bring them under coverage of Social Security There are Iegitmate reasons why any prin­ cipal may want to r.onvert his sales force Calif01·nia State legislators have re­ and they still must pay their entire F.I.C.A. sponded to the problem of high unem­ contribution with no help from their prin­ from sales representatives to employee sales­ cipals. men, or to carve out a comfortable territory ployment by making a brave and diffi­ These men and women invest their own for the boss's new son-in-law. All this bill cult decision to set job priorities for legal money in developing business for the firms requires is that the sales representative who citizens. Congress would be wise to im­ they represent; yet they have no equity in is performing his proper function and pro­ prove the Nation's unemployment picture that business. Working on a commission, ducing sales for his principal not be left high and dry after sinking a lot of his time and by amending the Immigration and Na­ sales representatives customarily pay their tionality Act to discourage the hiring of own expenses and completely subsidize their money into building up the account. If his own sales. The sales representative pays for investment has made the account valuable illegal aliens. his own food, lodging, car expenses, and bus­ for the principal, he should be entitled to During the past decade, the United iness entertainment for prospective custom­ some compensation when he is forced to do States has tolerated the presence of a ers. without his commissions from that account substantial population of illegal aliens. But the sales representative's fate is in the because of some arbitrary action of the prin­ Currently, officials estimate that betwc.3n cipal. hands of his principal. Most reps are not pro­ 4 and 12 million persons are residing tected by a written contract. The principal It is important to remember, as well, that illegally in the United States. also may deduct fr.om the sales representa­ the residual compensation is determined ac­ tive's commissions any trade discounts count by account. Unless he opens a While the number of illegal aliens granted to retailers by the principal, losses particular account or services it for 18 has been rising steadily, concern over for credit extended by the principal to re­ months, and reaches a level 50% greater their presence has also grown, primarily tailers, cooperative advertising allowances, than it was when he took over the acoount, because of high unemployment and less­ charges for shipping sample merchandise as he has no vested interest in that account. than-prosperous economic conditions on well as the cost of the samples themselves, And if the principal discontinues selling to the domestic scene. In other times, this rent for showrooms maintained year round an account, and for that reason terminates a problem of illegal aliens might not have in large cities, and losses on goods returned sales representative, then the sales repre­ by retailers to the principal. sentative has no entitlement either. Entitle­ fallen into the public limelight. But it is Further, the principal retains the option ment is a factor only when the sales repre­ believed that foreign nationals in the to refuse to fill the orders sales Tepresenta­ sentative's efforts produce continuing bene­ United States occupy an estimated 1 mil­ tives sell, can cut the territory that they fit to the principal. lion jobs that would otherwise go to have invested in to develop, and can pre­ The level of residual compensation under American citizens. A House Judiciary empt their larger accounts by converting H.R. 11 is not burdensome. It is designed to Committee report notes that some them into house accounts serviced directly protect the terminated sales representative 356,000 from the manufacturer's home office. who is ineligible to receive unemployment of these jobs were located -in in­ The exposed and vulnerable position of the compensation or, if injured, workmen's com­ dustry; 335,000 in agriculture, and 309,- sales representative is unfortunate. His en­ pensation. 000 in service occupations. Testimony tire livelihood is maintained at considerable Marketers use sales representatives to mar­ reveals that of the illegal aliens appre­ risk to himself and his family. Worse, some ket their products because it makes good hended in six major U.S. cities between principals have seized on the defenseless po­ economic sense. Small or beginning com­ January and June 1975, 62.3 percent of sition of the sales representative and have panies cannot afford to use huge chunks of those aliens were employed, mainly in systematically exploited him. industry. If there is a single pattern in the hundreds scarce capital to hire employee salespersons, of cases that have come to my attention, it pay company benefits for them, and pay their Mounting evidence confirms the sus­ is that sales representatives are being victim­ travel and entertainment expenses. Payout picion that illegal aliens are drawn to ized by some principals for being too success­ under the terms of H.R. 11 would not be so this country primarily because of eco­ ful. Surely, if there fs anything on which great as to affect the same basic enonomlc nomic opportunities not available in everyone in this country can agree it 1s that relationship that now eXists. It It Is ad- countries of their origin. Thus, signifi- 7268 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1976 cance of the illegal alien problem is only a little discipline on the part of em­ was created by this law to serve as an measured most often as an economic ployers. information clearinghouse. One long­ one. We all know that the strength of this awaited report on the national incidence In addition to the adverse impact on country has been built on the great con­ of the problem, which incidentally, is 5 jobs, illegal aliens reportedly cost the tributions made by lawfully admitted im­ months overdue, is already being dis­ country millions of dollars in unpaid migrants from all parts of the world. At counted by HEW officials as "misleading taxes, plus money spent on detention and the root of Americanism is the belief and inaccurate." deportation. They are considered to be in the tremendous accomplishments of After spending 2 years and $37.1 mil­ ~ serious additional burden to the al­ a society that is the "melting pot" of all lion, I cannot understand why we are ready-swollen public assistance rolls. cultures. In order to preserve this be­ seeing not a decrease but an increase in And, because they tend to send consid­ lief, we should act to eliminate disorderly the number of children who are being erable amounts of money back to their entry of and unfair job competition from beaten and abused. There are too many h ome countries, their presence here has illegal aliens. discrepancies and too many unanswered an ill effect on the U.S. balance of pay­ questions. It is my hope that the GAO ments. investigation will find out why. Congress Moreover, the status of illegal aliens has made a positive attempt to help makes them subject to serious exploita­ TOWARD A BETTER CHILD ABUSE these unhappy children and their par ­ tion on the job. Because they fear dis­ AND NEGLECT LAW ents, and we must be sure that HEW is covery, prosecution, or deportation, they complementing, and not sabotaging our have no bargaining position with their efforts. employers. Consequently, their employ­ HON. MARIO BIAGGI The following editorial, entitled "Social ment is often characterized by low OF NEW YORK Service Gimmickery," is from the Bergen wages and a lack of common rights and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES County Record of November 25, 1975. I benefits. Thursday, March 18, 1976 am inserting it into the RECORD for the Supreme Court Justice Brennan recent­ benefit and information of my col­ ly summarized the issue this way: Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, child abuse lea gues : and neglect is a tragedy that affects over Employment of illegal aliens in times of SOCIAL SERVICE GIMMICK ERY high unemployment deprives citizens and a million American children every year. It has always been one of my deepest Caspar Weinberger, President Nixon's sec­ legally admitted aliens of jobs; acceptance retary of Health, Education, and Welfare, by illegal aliens of jobs on substandard terms concerns, and I have introduced legis­ earned t he nickname of "Cap the Knife" be­ as to wages and working conditions can seri­ lation several times to help stem the cause of t he enthusiasm with which--early ously depress wage scales and working con­ problem. in his tenure-he tried to obey his boss's ditions of citizens and legally admitted aliens In 1974, the passage of the Child orders to cut back federal social service pro­ and employment of 1llegal aliens under such Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act grams. Mr. Weinberger didn't succeed in re­ conditions can diminish the effectiveness of versing spending policies at HEW; indeed, labor unions. seemed to be a major step toward help­ ing the innocent victims of child abuse by the time he left office, the department was Clearly, the time is right for the pro­ and their abusers. I was a primary spon­ spending more money and faster than under posed amendment H.R. 8713, which President Johnson's Great Society programs. sor of that legislation, and I held high President Ford's HEW secretary, David would make it unlawful for U.S. employ­ hopes for its effectiveness in decreasing Mathews, is trying to live up to the early ers or their agents to knowingly hire child abuse and neglect. image of "Cap the Knife" as an opponent aliens. This bill could be an effective an­ But in recent months, since the De­ of expanded social service programs. At the tidote to the problems created by our il­ partment of Health, Education, and Wel­ same time, Mr. Mathews approves projects legal alien population. The intention of fare issued its report to the President that seem t o be of dubious benefit. this legislation is not to close our doors and Congress on the implementation of Two such projects, as it happens, involve to immigrants, but to eliminate the the law, several experts in the field have the state Division of Youth and Family Serv­ temptation for illegal entries. Its pur­ ices. Bot h concern the very real problem of expressed to me their concern with child abuse. Neither, in our opinion, would pose is not to discriminate against any whether or not HEW is reaching the ob­ do much to help solve this problem. national group, but to discourage em­ jectives that Congress set forth in the We've commented before on one of these ployers who take advantage of illegal legislation. After conducting my own ex­ projects, t he funding of a $167,000 research aliens. tensive investigation, I have discovered study into the causes of child abuse and Opponents to this bill rarely dispute several very disturbing things, and I neglect. Ample evidence of the causes of the fact that some measure is needed to have called on the General Accounting abuse and n eglect of children can readily be reduce the number of illegal aliens. How­ Office to undertake a thorough examina­ found in medical literature and in the pio­ ever, they are not in agreement as to the neering studies of Drs. Ray Helfer and Henry tion of HEW's handling of Public Law Kempe in Colorado and Dr. Vincent Fontana method that should be employed. It is 93-247. in New York. The money to be spent by HEW conside1·ations of experience, pragmat­ My close friend, Dr. Vincent J. Fon­ on the research study could be used more ics, and money which dictate that it is tana, medical director and pediatrician­ profitably to spread information to those more efficient to place sanctions on the in-chief of the New York Foundling Hos­ who could help prevent child abuse and employer rather than to impose further pital Center for Parent/Child Develop­ neglect. duties on immigration officials. ment and chairman of the Mayor's Task The other New Jersey project appears Certainly, the role of immigration spe­ Force on Child Abuse and Neglect ir... the equally futile. The HEW department has con­ tracted with the New York public relations cialists is important and will continue City of New York, is one of the experts firm of Joseph Davis Inc. to develop pro­ to play a critical part in the detec­ who has been working with me in my grams that would increase public awareness tion and apprehension of illegal immi­ evaluation of the effectiveness of this of child abm:e. The firm chose New Jersey grants. But experience has proven that law. I am inserting into the RECORD an as one of 20 jurisdictions that will receive foreign nationals are getting through. editorial taken from the Bergen County these programs. The Immigration and Naturalization New Jersey Record which Dr. Fontana There were of ccurse, several intermediate Service-INS--reported that the great and I feel shows clearly an example of a hitches. First, Joseph Davis Inc. itself had to majority-88 percent-of illegal aliens questionable allocation of grant money, learn what should be done to make the pub­ apprehended in fiscal year 1974 entered and the need for a thorough investiga­ lic more aware of child abuse. It had no 12 previous expertise in this field. One of its the country without inspection. Only tion. employes spent a couple of days with the percent violated their status after legal There are many other discrepancies Division of Youth and Family Services in entry. In most cases, these persons are which I will be bringing to the attention Trenton to find out what New Jersey was from bordering countries and have suc­ of my colleagues in the next few months. doing to make the public more aware of cessfully escaped border detection. Another example is that despite the ex- child abuse. One solution might be to eradicate penditure of nearly $300,000 on thr£e The Joseph Davis firm was told of the the problem by requiring huge new ap­ different projects to determine the na­ Child Abuse Control Office-which is under­ propriations for border patrols and de­ tional incidence of child abuse, to this funded-and of several local programs de­ tection mechanisms. However, the pro­ date there are no accurate national sta­ signed to protect abused children and to posed amendment would also serve as tistics available from the National Cen­ secure counseling for their parents. One such a deterrent but at no additional cost-- ter on Child Abuse and Neglect, which progr am- also underfunded-is in Union March 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7269 County. Another is about to be launched in tion as the major reasons behind his de­ Present law requires power plants to burn Bergen. cision to vet-o that so-called surface min­ coal when they are equipped for it. But And what is Joseph Davis Inc. going to do much broader legislation is under consider­ ing bill of 1975. ation in the Senate. Sens. Jennings Ran­ with this information? Why, digest it and Before I go into greater detail, let me pump it right back to New Jersey, as well dolph, Henry Jackson and Warren Magnu­ as to 19 other areas around the country that say that I believe provisions should be son, respectively the chairmen of the Public are also beneficiaries o"! this HEW drive to made and enforced for the reclamation Works, Interior and Commerce Committees, make the public more aware of child abuse. of land stripped for mining purposes. have introduced for discussion a bill that Oh, New Jersey will get a few goodies from My experiences in representing one of would force nearly all power plants-not the .tirm-tapes for radio and TV public­ the richest coal fields in this country­ only the utilities, but industrial plants as service commercials and designs for bill­ the land that encompasses the Fourth well-to stop using on or gas by 1985. The boards. But if the state wants to make use Congressional District of Alabama-have amount of oil currently consumed by the of those designs, lt will have to lease the shown me that most coal operators are utllitles and industry together is nearly billboards itself. If it wants to have the equal to the volume that this country im­ radio and TV spots played on more than willing to give their full cooperation to ports. three or four stations, the state will have to the reclamation process. But reclamation The implications of conversion on this produce the duplicates. And, as we've said must allow adequate time and means for scale are enormous. This country produced before, there just isn't any money for such this process to take place. The previously 695 million tons of coal last year. To meet programs in the current state budget. refen·ed to legislation of 1975, and its the requirements of the three senators' bill, Funding for both of the New Jersey proj­ neatly disguised counterpart of 19'76, production would have to be more than ects comes from the Child Abuse Prevention would only prove disastrous to this Na­ tripled to 2.5 billion tons within the short and Treatment Act, passed more than a year tion seeking to become independent of period of nine years, according to calcula­ ago. Known as the Monda.le Act after its tions for the Senate's National Fuels and chief sponsor, the senior senator from 1141n­ foreign oil controls. Energy Polley Study. There are now about nesota, the law is supposed to do more than In that respect, implementation of 160,000 coal miners; thls conversion would collect statistics or fund research projects. that legislation could seriously curtail require more than 300,000. Figures of this It was designed to help states pay for the efforts to transfer the bulk of our indus­ magnitude make it evident that full con­ training of workers to deal with abuse and trial plants from oil to coal as a primary version to coal is probably not possible, as neglect. It was supposed to help pay for cen­ souree of power. a. practical matter, as soon as the middle ters where abuse victims would be treated An editorial in the March 13, 19'76, 1980s. It is also evident that any substantial and their parents would come for help. edition of the Washington Post pointed shift at all is going to require enm-mous New Jersey's share of Mondale Act funds commitments of men and money-commit­ this year is a grand total of $80,000. Yet out that our Nation is almost at a stand­ ments that neither the utilities nor the min­ HEW grants a public relations ~ompa.ny still in terms of arriving at a national ing companies will make amidst the present $305,000 to dream up some advertising coal policy. rudderless uncertainty over national energy gimmicks. Ooal production has failed to increase policies. Child abuse Js America's hidden disease, by any sizable amount over the past 2 Thls country wants to reduce Its depend­ and one of its biggest killers. The Mondale years, when it should be starkly evident ence on imported oil. But it has not yet Act recognizes this. Unless HEW and its Of­ that we simply cannot continue to de­ made up its collective mind about the price fice of Child Development begin putting the pend on foreign oil empires for the bulk that It is willing to pay. The danger of money Congress has authorized to better use, foreign oil embargo:es and disruptions re­ we won't be much closer to eradicating this of our energy needs~ mains as clear as ever. But for the time disease than we were before the law was Much of this failure to increase coal being, at least, the oil is fiowlng and there passed. production can be significantly attrib­ is a. strong temptation throughout the coun­ uted to environmental policies which try to keep putting off the kind of firm have hampered new coal operations. decisions that the three senators' bill would We must an·ive at a national coal require. The past several years' experience H.R. 9725 policy that will provide for the transfer demonstrates that rising oil prices alone from oil to coal as a primary source of will not swing the utilities toward coal. Without legislation, it appears, nothing at power for both domestic and industrial all is going to happen-nothing, that is, HON. TOM BEVILL needs. OF ALABAMA but a steady rise in oil imports from the As my distinguished colleague from Persian Gulf. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Virginia, Congressman BILL WAMPLER, Thursday, March 18, 1976 told this assembly a few days back, the best thing that could happen to H.R. Mr. BEVILL. Mr. Speaker, efforts are once again underway in this governmen­ 9725 would be to let it die where it now LEAVE WELL ENOUGH ALONE tal body to bring about sweeping legis­ rests, in the House Rules Committee. As I said previously, the Washing­ lation which could quite possibly prove ton Post editorial, entitled "Coal, Oil, HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER disastrous to this Nation's attempts to and Pepco" projects the problem we are become energy independent. facing here rather emphatically. OF WISCONSIN I am speaking of a piece of legisla­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion currently before the House Rules I am here including portions of this Committee, H.R. 9725. editorial with my remarks: Thursday, March 18, 1976 In this country's slow progress toward a This bill contains a few new angles, a national fuel policy, nothing is ever as Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. new name and number, and in some simple as it first seems. For example, one Speaker, the future of Federal revenue instances, a new phraseology. But de­ obvious way to save oil is to switch the sharing is in question right now. While spite that new phraseology, there can be electric utilities to coal. The utilities have the program will probably be extended little doubt as to the impetus of, or fore­ good reason to welcome the change, since beyond this year, it is becoming increas­ runner to, this new legislation. oil now costs more than twice as much as ingly apparent that it may be amended Take away the clever wording and dis­ coal. But, curiously, coal consumption has to the point that it will be done serious, iuises and what you have is a piece of hardly risen at all since 1973, when oil prioos and perhaps irreparable, harm. This legislation very similar to the Surface shot up and the .AJ:abs imposed their em­ should not be. bargo. Coal still generates a little less than Mining Roolamation and Control Act of half of the nation's electricity, just a.s it The best quality of the Federal reve­ 1975, which was kiled when this House did three years ago. Why is the turn to­ nue-sharing program is that it gives sustained President Ford's veto on ward coal so slow? States and local communities the right June 10, 1975. From the utilities' point of view, here and to determine how their revenue shares That bill would have put many small throughout the country, the continuing will be spent, with few strings attached. coal companies out of business because uncertainty over environmental standards This is a welcome change from categori­ of the almost unreal time limitations constitutes a major hazard. The standards cal grant programs, which burden proposed for completion of the reclama­ are complex, they are controversial, and localities with Federal guidelines and In sometimes they are changed. Many utilities tion process. fact, the President's veto say that they are fearful of embarking on attendant redtape, and from increasing message cited the severe loss of jGbs, long and costly conversions of their oil­ Washington involvement in local affairs. higher costs, particularly for electricity, burning plants, only to find whtm the job In Wisconsin, revenue sharing has been increased dependence on foreign oil, and is finished that local pollution rules have a big success. Because of the distribution an unnecessary decrease in coal produc- been revised in the meantime. formula and its emphasis on State and 7270 ;EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March.18, 1976 local tax effort, Wisconsin, which has a officials would have no idea how much they we· needed to extend the financing, aild he high tax effort, has benefited signifi­ ~ould receive, or whether indeed they could aske~ me if I would. help out. I was delighted· cantly from the program. All of us should count on anything. but did not know how to go about it. · encourage a program Which encourages Revenue sharing is one government pro­ I went to Chrurman Perkins and asked him gram that seems to us to be working well. if he would introduce a. bill in committee. local initiative to meet a community's Congress ought to leave it alone. He said "No, it's too late to go to commit­ own needs, rather than the multitude of tee." So I said "We'll amend something on Federal programs that are subject to the floor; will you help me With that?" He grantsmanship in awarding funds, in­ said "There's nothing you can amend on the stead of actual need. LEGISLATION FOR NUTRITION: floor. What you have to do is Introduce a bill The Washirigton Star, in a March 17 IT DEPENDS ON YOU and get it considered by unanimous con­ sent." I asked "Does that mean what I think editorial, made an excellent case for ex­ it means-that everybody has to agree?" tending the program without substantial HON. GEORGE MILLER "Yes," he said. I said "Can we get everybody changes. As the Star said: to agree in the co:mm.l.ttee?" He said "You Revenue sharing is one government pro­ OF CALIFORNIA don't do it that way-you do it on the floor grain that seems to us to be working well. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the Congress. You just take the bill Congress ought to leave it alone. Thursday, March 18, 1976 straight from the Speaker's desk and ask for their unanimous consent. If everybody I commend it to your attention: Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Speak­ agrees, you're home free. If one person ob­ LEAVE WELL ENOUGH .ALONE er, I would like to insert in the RECORD jects, you're in deep trouble." After appropriate argument, Congress a copy of the address I delivered before I said "I'm going to do this" and scurried probably will extend the revenue sharing the Society of Nutrition Education at around for three days and tried to talk to all program. Senators and House members aren't the "right" people. On the floor of the House, likely to risk the wrath, and perhaps the their 8th annual meeting in San Diego, I got up and was recognized by the Speaker. political retribution, that would come from August 1975. The text of the speech was (I had asked him "How are you going to every corner of the land if they scrap a pro­ recently reprinted in the January-March recognize me?" because I didn't know the gram that 39,000 governmental units have issue of the Journal of Nutrition Educa­ proceedings. He said "Oh, no problem-you're come to depend on. tion, and I would like to share the article a rather big fellow, and I'll find you.") . The question is: Will the shouting and with my colleagues at this time. Everything went fine. Somebody asked me nitpicking result in amendments that would The article follows: a question, and I answered. I had all my change the concept of the program? books and papers laid out like Clarence Dar­ LEGISLATION FOR NUTRITION: IT DEPENDS ON row; I was really going to make a persuasive The program is grounded, above all, In the You worthy notion that local officials know the argument. There were a few more questions, needs and wants of their constituents better (By George Miller) and I got ready to give my speech. The than federal bureaucrats do. That being the (Editor's Note: Representative George Speaker banged his gavel, and the bill was case, the legislation, which became effective Miller presented this keynote address to the over. I turned to Bella Abzug and said "What in 1972, provided for the transfer of a small Society for Nutrition ·Education Eighth An­ do I do now?" She said "It's over; you won." part of federal revenues ($6 billion a year) nual Meeting in San Diego, August 1975. JNE I didn't even get to make my case. to states, cities, counties and towns, with readers will note that some references are I tell thiS story to make an important few strings attached. made to the then-pending "School Lunch point. The case for the WIC program had ThiS was a radical departure from the Bill" (HR 4222), which was passed in Octo­ been made much earlier. The case was made usual manner of dispensing federal aid by ber, 1975, by override of the President's veto.) by the alliance of the medical community, categorical grant-tying the funds to spe­ I am a freshman Congressman and have the nutritionists and the welfare organiza­ cific programs under specific guidelines (red not been in public life prior to January, 1975. tions. The case was made very clear in our tape, if you wlll) written by government I appreciate the invitation to speak before subcommittee and in our full committee. It officials In Washington. your organization, because it is important was a program where we increased the au­ The complaints have been predictable. that efforts are made between the nutrition thorization with unanimous consent of that They come from congressmen who want to movement and the legislature to keep in con­ committee-because the case had been made keep a bigger finger in the federal aid pie. stant contact. I started my "career" in the clear by this lobby group; this is a vital pro­ They come from special interests whose nutrition field about five years ago whEm I gram, dealing with a very vulnerable popula­ lobbying efforts are less effective when grants was legislative assistant to the majority tion. Therefore there was Iitle trouble with aren't tied to particular programs. They leader in the California State Senate. After the passage of that legislation. come from individuals and organizations who about three weeks of dealing with nutrition, SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM CHALLENGED believe any federal dollar that doesn't go to I found that it was over my head and that The message that I would like to leave with the poor or disadvantaged is a dollar mis­ I needed help. So I went pounding on the you now is: I don't see that case being made spent. They come from politicians who be­ door of the Senate Rules Committee and, for the National School Lunch Program. I lieve a way to piclc up votes is to convince after about four months, was able to per­ am very concerned about the attacks I see various segments of the population that suade them to create a select Subcommittee being made on this program. I have been they're being discriminated against in the on Nutrition and Human Needs, which hired told by many long-term members of Con­ distribution of federal money. a nutritionist, Audrey Cross. The awareness gress that it is a program nobody votes A danger is that Congress may bow to the of nutritional problems that she and that against because you combine the best of the complaints and burden the revenue sharing committee have brought to the California farm interests, the consumer interests, the program with restrictions that will curtail State Legislature has been very helpful. education lobby and all those involved. How­ or eliminate the discretion local and state of­ Nutrition and legislation, I think, can be a ever, that is no longer true. I think that, as ficials now have in deciding how the money very happy marriage. the program has expanded, the professionals shall be spent. In the Congress, I sought to serve on the involved in it have failed to keep us legisla­ Another danger is that Congress, in an at­ Education and Labor Committee because of tors up to date on the merits of the program tempt to answer complaints that too little the nutrition programs embodied in its ju­ and what is being accomplish ed. I t is com­ money goes to the poorer cities and states, risdiction. I was delighted to find out that the ing under challenge. may so revise the distribution formula as to National School Lunch Program was up for There was an amendment on the floor tm·n the revenue sharing program into sim­ renewal as one of the first items of business. where we tried to put a 35-cent cap on the ply another welfare program that must be I was also delighted to find out the active price of the lunch to keep the middle-class borne by the more affluent sections of the role that the Chairman of that committee­ student in the program and to expand it . country. Perhaps some minor adj~stment is the person whom many call the "Father of It was a Republican amendment, and I was needed in this direction but a large tilting the School Lunch Program," Carl Perkins­ told by two members of the Democratic of the formula would undermine the pro­ plays in fostering the welfare of that program leadership that there was no way that gram. in the Congressional procedure. To have Carl amendment was going to pass because it Still another danger is that Congress will Perkins watching out for yom· welfare is a was a Republican amendment. That amend­ eliminate the long-range funding provision. big plus. ment carried the day with the overwhelming The legislation that expires at the end of "FRESHMAN" BILL GETS PASSED majority of the 75 new Democratic members this year provided a. federal commitment to One of the delights of being associated because they could not make the case to distribute $6 billion a year for five years. with the nutrition movement is that I guess themselves of how the expenditure of that A. House subcommittee voted the other day I'm still the only freshman Congressman money for upper middle-class kids could be to ,put the program o~ an annual funding who has had 1\ bill signed by the President! rationalized. I think that iS a. failure on .b~sis. . Earlier thiS year, Alan Stone from Senator my part and a fa.llure on your part to liave That . would mean major ·uncertainty in McGovern's staff called and informed me that them fully understand what nutrition· 'is budget making for the 39,000 governmental California was about to cut otr the WIC pro­ about. units that receive the funds. Local and state gram, close the clinics and remove the staff. The legislators understand the WIC pro- Ma,rch 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ' 7271: I , gram because It is aimed at the poot·est of very demagogic yet effective statement, one THEY LIKE "IKE" the poor, but they don't understand it when we have to deal with. The problem of wastage it is about their children or the banker's in the program has got to be dealt with by child. Somebody said "You mean to tell me you. Whether it is a change In the approach we're going to feed Nelson Rockefeller's about the Four Food Groups, an updating of HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS children?" your reliance on food technology or a direct OF PENNSYLVANIA CONGRESS NEEDS EVIDENCE confrontation with the food industry, some­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES how that wastage has got to be cut down. Congress Is going through a period of re­ I think it is cut down through education. Thursday, March 18, 1976 evaluation of many programs-the so-called However the education has got to go home. "poverty programs" of the 1960s-and they Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, I would It may very well mean a direct confrontation like to call the attention of my colleagues want the answers. They want the answers by this lobby and those elements of the food in terms of accountabllity, and, as you and industry that still produce foods that have in the Congress of the United States to I know, that Is very tough to do in nutri­ no nutritional merit. Families need to be a public tribute being planned for a man tional programs. What worries me with the educated as to the detriments of those foods. who has brought great credit upon him­ WIC program Is that two or three years In a time when programs are competing self, his family, his friends, his com­ down the road, as we look back to see what like they have never competed before for Fed­ munity, and his country. we have produced, we are going to produce a eral dollars, and when the whole country at lot of healthy children, healthy babies and In the near futw·e this gentleman will all levels is going through major reevaluation be honored by those who know him best, healthy mothers. I don't know how I am of the expenditure of those dollars, we have going to prove that, and that is where I got to work almost overtime In trying to but for those of you who are not ac­ need you. produce the evidence. More than just simply quainted with him, I am sure you will The legislation I have introduced 1 and trying to produce it because it is there, we agree his name has a famllar ring to it-­ that Senator McGovern has Introduced.__ have got to raise the awareness of the legis~ Mr. Guy "Ike" Eisenhower. along with a lot of coauthors in both lature as to this question. Houses-may mean the survival of the school On April 3, Mr. Eisenhower will be lunch feeding program. I think that without ROLE OF NUTRITION MOVEMENTS honored by Legionnaires of the 334d adequate nutrition education in the ele­ I dare say that my efforts and the efforts District of Pennsylvania. As their imme­ mentary and secondary schools, and without of others who have long tried to work for a diate past commander, he will be feted adequate training and ab111ty to get the better nutrition in this country are only as at a testimonial dinner to be held in the message across, the attacks on the feeding good as you are. I am a firm believer that leg­ Gen. Smedley D. Butler Post 701 in program itself are going to become more and islators are only as good as their staff. I White Oak Borough, Pa. It will be my more severe--because the case is not made. I take some license with that and consider all can make the case in my District, which of you my staff! How do you like it-for a privilege and pleasure to be the principal encompasses some of the wealthiest areas of buck a year or whatever it is? I say that be­ speaker at that event, for I have known California. I cannot make the case in Con­ cause it is your papers, your books, your Ike for many years and believe he is gress with 435 people who are more con­ testimony that we rely on. It is your papers, richly deserving of this tribute. cerned with what they are doing than what your books, your testimony that we recite Ike is not a native of southwestern I am doing. That is why I need to plead for and regurgitate on the tloor of the Congress Pennsylvania. Born on a small farm at your help. for those who don't sit on the Committee. the foot of the Blue Mountains in Penn­ I think we will get the school lunch bill We need to look at the freshman class in passed with little trouble from here on in. I Congress. Many of them were elected from sylvania Dutch country, he came to our think the raising of the eligibility limits is areas that had never elected a liberal in the neck of the State following his discharge going to have a dramatic impact on that pro­ history of that district. They represent dis­ from the 82d Airborne Division dUling gram-both in participation and awareness. tricts in which the registration is of the op­ the Korean conflict. He married a Pitts­ However the next time it comes before Con­ posite party. They have got to bring home burgh girl, the former Marjorie May gress, it is going to come under very severe the evidence if they are going to cast their Kelsesky, and opened a business in Mc­ challenge. My question to you is: Will we have vote. Otherwise they can only bring home Keesport, Pa., which is in my 20th Con­ the evidence to justify the expansion of that the demagogic statements of those who don't program if that is the desired goal of the know what they are talking about; some of gressional District. The couple has three Congress or even the maintenance of the those statements make great "press." daughters--Maryedna, LaUl'ie, and greatly expanded program we Will produce I hope and believe that the National Nu· Sally-and recently became grand­ this year? The answer rests on your shoulders. trition Education Blll will be given a full parents. I cannot do it, and I dare say that most other hearing in this session of Congress. I think Ike's Legion activities began when he members of Congress cannot, either. Whlle that there is certainly-given the chairman joined the Leon Deck Post 991 in Berks we are backed With tremendous staff help of the Education and Labor Committee on County, Pa., a post named after a cousin such as Marian Wyman and Alan Stone, the which I reside-sympathy and interest in work load does not allow them to do the nutrition. On the Senate side, Senator Mc­ of his who was kllled in action during kind of research that you are capable of Govern is already making efforts. I hope that World War ll. But, in 1959, he trans­ doing. we can build an effective lobbying interest on ferred his membership to Port Vue Me­ No longer can this kind of program be al­ behalf of this legislation because this bill is morial Post 447, located near McKees­ lowed to live on its laurels because the farm the answer to many of the concerns about port. community has changed, the food situation the school lunch program. We can make the Since then, Ike has spent many long is changing, pricing of food commodities for case that the expenditures of monies that hours promoting his post and the prin­ this program is changing, and it is going to are now being made could have a greater ciples of the national American Legion. come under severe threats. It is going to have efficiency in terms of cost/benefit if we could to be maintained on evidence. I am a victim combine the educational process With the He is a past commander of Post 447 and of my law school training: I can go as far as feeding process. That is the case that has got stlll serves the membership as its ad­ the facts and the evidence allow me to. I need to be made, and that is the case that will be jutant. Seven years ago, as post com­ that evidence-just as other people who have heard. Everybody in Washington is competing mander, his organization had the dis­ been strong proponents of this legislation in for dollars. I think we can show that, by the tinction of being awarded two Depart­ the Congress a long time before I wa-s there investment of the $75 million called for in ment of Pennsylvania Legion trophies: have got to have that evidence. this bill, we can make far more effective the One for the most new members signed When you stand on the tloor of the House, $3 or $4 billion that we are spending in those somebody who was a former school principal feeding programs and can have a much more and another for the most new Vietnam says "Well I don't know what this program long-lasting effect. members recruited. It came as no sur­ does. All I know is that when I walk by the I would hope that, in those en~eavors this prise, therefore, that in 1973 he was the trash can, 80% of the food is in there. Why group and allied groups want to undertake unanimous choice for a 2-year term as are we paying for the food? The kids don't in regard to nutrition, you would look on me commander of the 33d District and want it, and you can't teach 'em to eat it. as a vehicle for much of that work. I would adopted the slogan: "Say It Loud: I'm Why are we forcing them to eat something be delighted to help because I have per­ 33d and Proud!". they don't want?" On the tloor of the Con­ sonally never been let down in terms of the gress, with the Press reporting it, that is a background work by people interested in nu­ Ike, however, has not confined his trition or food service. I have always found interests solely to the American Legion. 1 H.R. 8584, the 1075 nutrition education them to be very effective and hardworking, He also is vice president of the Port Vue bill introduced 1n the House (Miller---Caut.) and I would enjoy very much 1t we could Lions Club, a charter member of the 2 S. 1945, the 1975 nutrition education bill continue the relationship I hope we have board of directors for the Port Vue Com­ introduced In the Senate (McGovern-& built up In the rather short time I have munity Blood Bank, a member of the Dak.) been in Congress. Vigilant Volunteer Fire Co., AMVETS 7272 EXTENSIONS. OF•,. REMARKS IJ,farch 18, 1976. · Post 8 in McKeesport and several other Florence Dwyer supported much of the U.S. negotiators, the House and Senate fraternal organizations. legislation that came down Pennsylvania hearings and the reeords of those hear­ · Mr. Speaker, I believe the present Avenue in those years, when so much ings. the reports of the committees of commander of District 33, Robert D. was done to increase this Nation's re­ both bodies, and the record of the cQn­ Goss, Jr., summed up how people feel sponsibility to many citizens who had sideration of the legislation in the House about Ike when he recently said: "We not previously reaped the benefits of and Senate. are proud he was our distlict com­ America's bounty-. It is not my intention to review that mander." Obviously, the Legionnaires of Second, in 1964, when she felt that her history here today. I:t is ah·eady on the the 33d District "like Ike." I do, too. principles and views were not in accord record. However, I do want to mention with those of her party's Presidential some pt·ovisions of the covenant in nominee, she declined to support that which the committee has had a particu­ nominee. When asked in later years f~r lar interest and about which it is desir­ FLORENCE DWYER, FORMER whom she voted in that election, she able that legislative intent not be ambig­ CONGRESSWOMAN winked and asked back, "Who do you uous. Om· committee's and my own in­ think?" tent is that all possible ambiguities Last of all, in 1966 Florence Dwyer be­ should be resolved in favor of and to the HON. DON EDWARDS came the ranking Republican on the benefit of the people and Government of OF CALIFORNIA Government Operations Committee, a the Northern Mariana Islands. For ex­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES position in which she served with dis­ ample, if the Northern Marianas are en­ Thursday, March 18, 1976 tinction during her last 7 years in Con­ titled to Federal assistance under more gress. According the rules of the com­ Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. to thaJ?, one section of this covenant, or law mittee, the ranking Republican also providing such assistance. the provisions Speaker, it was with great sadness that served on each of the subcommittees. In should be construed and administered I learned of the death of Florence P. that capacity, among her fu·st actions Dwyer. in that way which will result in the more For me, Florence Dwyer was a neigh­ was casting the deciding vote for the favorable provisions being applied. Freedom of Information Act, which had Article I, section 1 5, proVides that bor as well as a colleague. previously been bottled up in subcom­ specified provisions of the covenant may In the 92d Congress, our offices were mittee. The bill then easily won approval be modified only with the mutual consent across the hall from one another, and I in full committee and on the floor of the of the Government of the United States came to know Florence not just as a House, and now, in my opinion, it is one and the Government of the Northern Member of Congress, but as a truly fine of the most important statutes on the Mariana Islands. The applicability of and compassionate person. One could books today. this provision is limited to certain basic not help but like Florence Dwyer-she Florence Dwyer was a valuable legis­ to articles and sections of the covenant: was open, intelligent, and friendly lator and friend. She will be missed by Article I, political relationship; article one and all. · those of us who served with her. II, Constitution of the Northern Mariana She served in this body for 16 years, Islands; article m, citizenship and na­ and her concern for other people was tionality; section 501, applicability of reflected in the fact that her central certain provisions of the Constitution to sta1I members served with her through­ MARIANA ISLANDS TO BECOME A the Northern Mariana Islands; s€ction out her tenure in the House. Their fond­ COMMONWEALTH OF THE UNITED 805, restriction of the alienation of land ness for this great lady was indicative STATES to persons of Northern Mariana de­ of the feeling we all held for Florence. scent-Chamorros and Carolinians. This It is just as important to note the HON. PHILLIP BURTON provision is deemed to be in the best in­ feelings that Florence held for the people terests of both parties. U.S. interests are. she represented in New Jersey, and for OF CALIFORNIA protected in that the application of the all people throughout our Nation. These IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES provision is specifically limited and de­ feelings are reflected in her legislative Thursday, March 18, 1976 fined. Conversely, the provision is in ac­ interests and accomplishments. cord with the true meaning of the right She was the original sponsor of leg­ Mr. PHILLIP BURTON. Mr. Speaker, of self-determination, which is accorded islation proposing a statutory Consumer before the House of Representatives to the Marianas people under the Protection Agency. She labored long and takes final action on House Joint Resolu­ tion 549 today, I wish to make these con­ trusteeship agreement. hard hours on the Housing Subcommit­ Article II, section 202, provides that tee to ensure that decent housing was cluding remarks. the Constitution of the Northern Mru·i­ available to all people. She was a long­ This action will complete the legisla­ tive portion of the process by which the ana Islands, as formulated in accordance time advocate of home rule for the Dis­ with the p:"cvisions of article II, section trict of Columbia. As we all know, she Northern !v.Iariana Islands will ultimately was instrumental in securing passage of become a Commonwealth of the United 201, States. This is an historic occasion in ... will be submitted to the Government the equal rights amendment. And her of the United States for approval.... record on the war in Vietnam was com­ many respects-it is the first admission mendable-she was often found in that of new peoples and lands to the United It is intended that the Constitution minority of Members who throughout the States family in almost 60 years. Only will be presented to the President of the late sixties and early seventies tried to time will disclose if similar action is ever United States for such approval or dis­ stop the fighting and killing in Southeast taken by the United States in future approval and that congressional ap­ Asia. years. And finally, this event is one of proval is not required. But there are three other incidents in those rare occasions in human history Article II, section 203 (c) provides that Florence Dwyer's career that I think are when a people have joined another peo­ the power of the legislature will extend worth noting, because they represent a ple as a result of their own free choice to "all rightful subjects of legislation." commitment to an ideal that is higher and on the basis of a document freely So as to protect employment opportuni­ than party loyalty or political expe­ negotiated by them with the nation of ties for the residents of the Marianas, diency-and these incidents are ex­ their future association. Both parties can the record of the subcommittee hearing . amples from which we can all benefit. properly take pride in the history they establishes that all parties-United First, in 1961, when the Republican have written in achieving the result States and Marianas Political Status leadership in the House announced that which is before the House of Representa­ Commission representatives and the they would try to join with conservative tives today: subcommittee-agreed that the under­ Democrats to block the passage of liberal The record of this legislation is re­ standing of and ability to use the Cha­ l(~gislation, Florence Dwyer and six other plete with documentation-the history morro language would be a valid factor Republicans-the New York Times of the negotiating sessions between the for the legislature to establish as a dubbed them the "Saintly Seven"-an­ representatives of the two parties. the ~asure of employability in the Mariana i nounced that: they would have no part of committee reports of the on-the-record Islands. · · ' this · cabal, that they would judge all briefing sessions of the ·Subcommittee on· Tms··same· subsection of the covenant· legislation on its merits. And indeed · Territorial and Insular·· Affairs by the· provides for a bicameral legislature, iri · Mat~ch 18, .1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7273 one house of which each of the chartered Article VII, section 703 (a) is intended This erosion of Federal support for higher to extend any future, as well as present, education in recent years, and the accelerated municipalities of the Northern Mariana decline which would be Imposed by President Islands will be equally represented. This Federal programs and services to the Ford's FY 76 budget, have not come about provision is based on the very large dis­ Northern Mariana Islands which are through any systematic consideration of the parity in population between the munici­ available to any of the other territories national priority for education. Rather, they palities on Saipan and the muncipalities of the United States, including Guam, or are more directly attributable to the com­ on the other islands. For example, out of the Virgin Islands, or Puerto Rico or partmentalized consideration of education as American Samoa. a "controllable" sector of HEW which has 5,005 votes cast in the recent plebiscite, been repeatedly cut back because of the 4,239 were cast on the island of Saipan Article vm, section 801. It is empha­ sized that the transfer of property from growth of "uncontrollable" welfare and and only 776 on the other islands. This health expenditures which make up 95 per­ disparity is caused by population ratios­ the Government of the Trust Territory cent of the Department's budget. not by voter participation ratios. More of the Pacific Islands to the Government These declines from earlier levels of sup­ importantly, the centuries-old history of of the Northern Mariana Islands, as pro­ port raise troubling questions about our na­ the Mariana Islands is based on the tra­ vided for in this section, includes both tional capacity and will to fulfill the com­ real and personal property, and that the mitment to equal educational opportunities dition of the significance of land to the distribution of such personal property and quality education for all. They raise people and, therefore, the relative shall be done "* * * equitably * * *" as fundamental questions about the mainte­ equality and independence of each is­ agreed to by the Government of the nance of our educational system as a basic land. In this respect, the concept is even resource for economic, scientific and tech­ Northern Mariana Islands. nological, and cultural growth. stronger than the original concept of Article VIII, section 805 provides that the equality of our States and we on the None of the declines have come about as for 25 years following termination of the a result of any conscious decision on the committee believe that this concept is trusteeship, the Northern Marianas Gov­ part of Congress to assign a lower priority understandable and acceptable. ernment must, and may thereafter, "reg­ to education In our society. The declines are, Article v. section 502 <2> provides ulate the alienation of permanent and in fact, contrary to the rhetoric of national that the matching formulae, if any, long-term interests in real property so as leaders over the past decade, and contrary to which apply to the Northern Mariana to restrict the acquisition of such inter­ the intent of Congress as expressed in an Islands, shall be those which apply to the impressive body of legislation designed to ests to persons of Northern Mariana Is­ strengthen American education and expand several States. For example, for purposes lands descent." The committee has had educational opportunities. And they are con­ of medicaid and public assistance pro­ a strong interest in this section. On the trary to a growing body of documented evi­ grams such as AFDC, the matching basis of the unfortunate past experience dence that our educational system is an formulae shall be computed as if the of other territories and newly developing enormously Important factor in the long­ Northern Mariana Islands was a State, areas, and bee a use of the especial signifi­ tel'Dl growth of the economy. thereby providing to them the higher cance of land in the cultural traditions PRACTICAL ECONOMIC POLICY Federal matching available to low-in­ of the people, and, finally, because of the The expansion of postsecondary oppor­ come States, and without the overall extreme scarcity of land, It was our judg- tunities should be more than a desirable na­ ceiling currently appllcable to the Virgin ment that regulation as provided by this tional goal; it should be a practical eco­ Islands. This is the meaning of the con­ section was essential. It is also the clear nomic policy at a time when youth 18-24 are experiencing twice the unemployment cluding portion of the provision ". . . as intent of all parties that, by the lan­ rate of the rest of the work force, and when they are applicable to the several guage, "persons of Northern Mariana the per-person cost of public employment States;". Islands descent," is meant both Cha­ programs is $8,000 per year as compared with Article VI, section 602 specifies that morro and Carollnian residents. the cost to the Federal government of less the Government of the Northern Mari­ than $1,000 a year to help maintain a stu­ ana Islands will have the authority to dent in college. The expansion of educational opportunity impose local taxes in addition to those is equally practical as economic policy in imposed by the Federal income tax Ia ws A STATEMENT OF IDGHER EDU­ view of the fact that over half of all post­ as provided for in the preceding section CATION BY JOSEPH DUFFEY secondary students today are part-time, older 601. The record of the hearing on House than the "typical" student age group and Joint Resolution 549 before the subcom­ centrally concerned with their own employ­ mittee established the intent that section HON. JOHN BRADEMAS ment prospects. Three-quarters of all part­ 602 authorizes, among other actions, the OF INDIANA time students are, in fact, already in the work force and pursuing their education to providing of rebates on taxes collected IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and the enactment of surtaxes on income Improve job-related skills. Thus, increasing Thursday, March 18, 1976 Federal student assistance will not only de­ by the Government of the Northern crease youth unemployment and improve the Mariana Islands, and that the assistance Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, I insert skllls of youth before they enter the work of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service will at this point in the RECORD excerpts from force, it will also deal directly with the be available for such activities to the a "Background Paper on Education", a problem of structural unemployment, ad­ most thoughtful document recently pre­ dressing the mismatch between the skills of extent feasible. the work force and available jobs. Article VII, section 702 constitutes an pared for the Democratic National Com­ Nevertheless, the FY 76 budget for the authorization and an appropriation of mittee by Joseph Duffey, general secre­ five major discretionary student assistan~e the guaranteed annual levels of assist­ tary of the American Association of Uni­ programs proposes an absolute decrease of ance to the Government of the North­ versity Presidents. $196 million from FY 75 appropriations-a em Mariana Islands provided for in this Mr. Duffey. who is chairman of the level which is at least $1 billion short of section for each of the 7 fiscal years Task Force on Education for the National existing program needs. following the effective date of this sec­ Policy Council of the Democratic Na­ Federal investment to maintain the tional Committee, prepared his document strength and vtab111ty of our colleges and tion. Also. as provided in section 704{b), universities would also seem to have a sound there is authorized a pro rata share of as the committee begins its work on pol­ economic rationale. These institutions coin­ the funds provided in section 702, as de­ icy statements for the forthcoming prise a significant sector of the national econ• scribed above, for the period between campaign. omy. They represent a $40 billion enterprise the effective date of this section and the The paper follows: employing 1.5 million people and involving beginning of the next fiscal year; and A BACKGROUND PAPER ON EDUCATION some 10 mlllion students. In hundreds of communities they are among the largest em­ under section 704(d) there is, unlimited (By Joseph Duffey) in time duration, the authorization for ployers, exerting a pervasive effect on the Except for national defense, public educa­ local economy. Surely it is important to as­ the continuation of the annual level of tion is the largest function of American gov­ sure tho continued health of this sector of payments in each category listed in sec­ ernment, the biggest user of public funds. the national economy. tion 702, including the adjustments pro­ While the federal government, through Yet most of these institutions are now vided for in section 704, after the ex­ grants and shared revenues, contributes an confronted with serious threats to their piration of the basic 7-year period pro­ average of $1 for every $5 raised by state and quality and their very survival. Educational vided by section 702 until Congress local taxes for all purposes, the federal share costs are rising more sharply than the gen­ of public education at all levels is only $1 eral price index, hard-hit state governments chooses to change the appropriation or for $10. This represents a marked decline are cutting their budgets, and the sources of provide otherwise by Jaw. since the early 1970's. funds for private giving ha'\>"e been devastated 7.274 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS .~.March 18, 1976 by the economic slump. Accordingly, col­ BAL...I\NCED BUDGET HEARINGS Srock Exchange; and Michael Evans of leges and universities throughout the nation ANNOUNCED are cutting back services and staff, increas­ Chase Econometics Association, Mr. ing tuition and fees, and deferring plant Wallich, will critique those who rlismiss n1aintenance. HON. RICHARD H. ICHORD the capital shortage as a likely occur­ HIGHER EDUCATION THE VICTIM rence. Mr. Needham's remarks will focus OF MISSOUIU on the stock ma1·ket in particular Although higher education costs are ris­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing faster than the general price index, it is Michael Evans will descTibe the role of important to understand that higher edu­ Thursday, March 18, 1976 Federal deficits in his forecast of infla­ tion, recession, and capital shortage. cation is the victim, not the cause, of this lV.lr. !CHORD. Mr. Speaker, Congress inflation. It is not part of the driving forces These four sessions only begin our pushing prices higher and higher. In fact, and the executive branch have been re­ treatment of the deficits. A more exten­ the Federal government has been one of the sponsible for almost continual Federal sive series of hearing commences on contributing factors in two areas where cost deficits since 1950. Yet, we really know April 29. After 8 more days taking testi­ increases have been particularly significant very little about them. Do Federal defi­ mony, I am sure the Committee To In­ to institutions: rising needs for student aid cits create jobs or lead us into boom­ and compliance with federally-mandated bust cycles that ultimately cost jobs? vestigate a Balanced Federal Budget will social programs. Because the national com­ be able to come to intelligent conclusions Are these deficits raising interest rates on issues raised by these deficits. Re­ mitment to expanding educational oppor­ depressing stock market prices and re~ tunities has not been accompanied by ade­ ports and legislative proposals will :flow quate Federal support, institutions have had ducing the supply of housing? Do the from our eff01·ts. I intend to keep House to provide more of their own funds to make deficits cause inflation or help to reduce Members informed of our PJ:ogress. up the d.lJierence, thereby forcing higher it? Many are discussing such issues both charges for students who do not receive aid. within and outside the halls of Congress. The FY 76 budget proposes to eliminate al­ I am chail·man of the Committee To In­ most every form o! institutional assistance vestigate a Balanced. Federal Budget. SALES OF ARMS TO EGYPT which now provides colleges and universities which is resolved to answer these ques­ with marginal opportunitles to sustain the tions. The committee is an outgrowth of quality of their educational programs. HON. JOSHUA DLRERG In addressing an agenda of domestic the Democratic Research Organiza­ policies which state goals both as guides to tion-DR~omprised. of about 75 Con­ OF PENNSYLVANIA an electorate eager for national leadership gressmen who have pooled resources, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and direction and as a program for govern­ and expertise for the last 3 years in Thursday, March 18, 1Yl6 ing during the latter half of this decade, our order to provide accurate unbiased in­ political parties must set forth most clearly formation to DRO members on issues Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, the Ford their strategies for a new direction in our facing the Congress. Representative administration recently announced its national economic life. This need is foremost DAVID E. SATTERFIELD III, of Vil•ginia, is intention to sell six military transport at a time when depression and inflation have planes to Egypt. I have already stated occasioned threat and insecurity for the DRO chairman. everyday life and personal aspirations of so In carrying forward its DRO mandate, fm· the record my objections to this pro­ many Americans of all ages. In this area we the Committee To Investigate a Bal­ posal and my intention to oppose it, but find ourselves in the midst of a new and anced Federal Budget was created to de­ at this time I enter into the REcoRD, for serious debate about the future of the econ­ termine the impact of deficits on all seg­ the information of my colleagues. a omy. There is an urgent need for a review ments of the economy. Hearings will be­ statement on this subject by Benjamin of national policies in areas of fiscal manage­ gin March 23 at 9 a.m. in room 2118, R. Epstein, national director of the Anti­ ment, capital formation, resource allocation, Rayburn House Office Building, where defamation League of B'nai :B'rith: energy, and federal taxation. But the pri­ SALES OF ARMs '1'0 EGYPT macy of debate over those matters at th1s expert witnesses will discuss what is hap­ time must serve to modify the way we think pening and what should be done about You are undoubtedly aware by now of fue of and approach traditional federal social it. Arthur Burns. Chairman of the Board Ford Administration's decision to lift the policies which have in the past so often been of Governors, Federal Reserve System, long-standing American embargo on military merely an addendum to our economic poli­ will present informal remarks and will sales to Egypt. You will also recall that cies. In no area is this more necessary than answer prepared questions at that time. when Egyptian President Anwar Sadat that of education. When we seek to formu­ visited the United States (October 27-No­ On March 24 at 9 a.m. in room 2118 Ray­ vember 3, 1975) the subject o'f U.S. milltary late an adequate statement of the national burn House Office Building, Kenneth goals and conmlitments in the area of educa­ assistance to Egypt was discuseed. Never­ tion in this campaign year, we must begin Thygerson of the U.S. League of Savings theless, at that time the Ford Administra­ to consider the implications of a national and Loan Associations will tell us how tion reiterated that an Egyptian request for education policy which makes clear federal Federal deficits have contributed to dis­ Amerman military assistance was only under responsibility and capability in seeking to tress in the housing industry. He will be considerati~n. and that the United States shape an overall strategy for the economic followed by Dimitris Balatsos, Manufac­ government had not yet adopted a position and social direction for the nation. turers Hanover Bank, who will show how on the matter at lifting the arms embargo to This society, if it is to regain social stabil­ Egypt. Federal deficits have in1luenced who got The confirmation by the spokesman of the ity as well as economic vitality in the next how much of the Nation's savings decade, must effect a "great transition" in State Department that "consultations" had which education is a critical process. This resources. begun with various members of Congress on There will also be two witnesses ap­ opentng a military supply relationship with will be a transition to new priorities, to alter­ pearing on Thursday, March 25, at 9 Egypt and the admission by Secretary of native economic structures in some areas­ State Kissinger that the United States had to new attitudes and values on behalf of a.m., in room 334. Cannon House Onice Building. The leadoff witness, Geoffrey already "agreed" to sell C-130 military trans­ managers, producers, consumers-to a popu­ ports to Egypt confirms th.a.t the Ford Ad­ lation skilled at coping with the stresses as Moore, National Bureau of Economic lllinistration has decided to accede to Sadat's well as opportunities for personal creativity Research, is probably the Nation's fore­ request for a military relationship between inherent in modern society. It is abso­ most expert on business cycles. He will Egypt and the United States. lutely critical that attention be given to tell us whether our deficits have been Even m01·e troubling is the admission by the processes of education on every level, making our economy's ups higher and its Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld that both those integral to formal institutional downs lower. James Duesenberry, chair­ while the United States had only agreed to structures, schools, colleges, universities, etc., man of the Economics Department at sell six C-130 military transports to Egypt, and to those of other media by which educa­ Harvard University, will discuss the it was conceivable that Egypt might even­ tion takes place, including television, the tually get some weapons. During the course likelihood that Government deficits are of the Sadat visit to the Unit-ed States in the arts, publishing, etc., if this "great transi­ bringing about a capital shortage-such fall, it was learned that Egypt was seeking tion" is to occur. Educational facilities in that full employment and a rapidly ris­ a wide range of American military equipment this country are needed as well to play their ing living standard may no longer be pos­ ranging from wireguided antitank weapons traditional role--to create a sense of national sible. This theme will be picked up on and Hawk antiaircraft missiles to the F-5E unity, and to reconcile ethnic, religious, and fighter plane. Rumsfeld's statement, taken Friday at 9 a.m., in 334 Cannon by the racial confiicts. These areas of social develop­ together with the Kissinger statement that ment have been neglected both by practical day's three witnesses: Henry Wallich "you can't expect Israel to give any ap­ policies and by distorted social priorities of of the Federal Reserve System; James proval to the sale, but that we have to do recent administrations. Needham, president of the New York what is in our national interest", clearly in.- March 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7275 dicates that the Ford Administration will does not assist Egypt militarily now, Egypt tinctive courage, are well suited for all try to sell Egypt a wide range of military will go back into the Russian camp, is -a who are called to public service. equipment. mistake of profound proportions and an in­ The article follows: It is, therefore, important to review the dication that the people who advocate this implications of this decision for United argument do not understand Middle East JUDGE l\!CLAREN'S COURAGE-PAINFUL JUSTICE States Middle East policy. We dispute the politics. Let us remember that Sadat kicked AND A LIFE SENTENCE Kissinger assertion that it is in U.S. interests out the Soviet Union from Egypt in the sum­ (By Bob Greene) to sell military equipment to Egypt. It is our mer of 1972-one year prior to the Yom When U.S. District Court Judge Richard W. considered opinion that it is not in United Kippur War and three and a half years prior McLaren died last month at 57, the obituaries States national interest to become the arms to any discussion of American military as­ took proper note of his distinguished and full supplier to Egypt. sistance to Egypt. Further, Egypt turned to legal career. The arguments against U.S. military assist­ the United States after the Yom Kippur War What was only touched on in the reports of ance to Egypt include: and looked upon the United States as a his death, however, was a story more dramatic (a) The mllltary balance in the Middle mediator for the two interim agreements, than any he ever presided over in a court­ East will be tipped in the Arabs' favor if the notwithstanding the fact that the United room. United States becomes the arms supplier to States had just (during the Yom Kippur It was the story of how Judge McLaren­ the major participants in the Arab-Israel War) undertaken a major airlift to Israel to who suffered from a rare disease known as conflict. The argument that the United counter the Soviet airlift to the various Arab amyloidosis-determined, and then suc­ States will be maintaining the military bal­ states. ceeded, in remaining an active, working, ef­ ance by providing military assistance to (f) If Sadat truly wants peace, then there fective member of the judiciary all during Egypt is questionable when one takes into is no reason for the United States to supply his long illness. account that Israel faces 20 Arab states, all him with military equipment. Israel does not The disease brought excruciating pain to of which have received and continue to re­ seek to attack Egypt, but the Arab states Judge McLaren. Amyloidosis manifests itself ceive sophisticated military equipment from continue to refuse to accept the legitimate by 17adually deteriorating the vital organs, both the Eastern bloc and Western nations. existence of a Jewish state in the region and and Judge McLaren lived with that disinte­ The Arab states have already received $14¥2 have vowed to destroy that state by either gration dw"ing much of the final year of his billion in military equipment in the last two military or political means. life. The disease does not affect the mental decades; to increase the :flow with America~ (g) Kissinger himself indicated that the processes, however-and the judge forced arms now would tip the military balance m United States cannot be the principal arms himself to withstand the physical pain in favor of the Arabs, and this will inevitably supplier to Egypt, but that the Administra­ order to continue serving the court. lead to another round o! fighting in the tion hopes that Britain and France will take Attorneys, clerks, marshals, secretaries and Arab-Israel theater. the lead. If his is so, then there is no reason court reporters at the Federal Building-all (b) The United States is Israel's sole source why the United States should be selling Egypt knew of Judge McLaren's condition during of arms, while. the Arab states of the region military equipment. This also contradicts the his last year, but out of respect for him none are the recipients of military equipment argument that, if the United States does not mentioned it in his presence. He wanted his from the Soviet Union. the United States, supply Egypt With military equipment, Sadat court to be run just as if it was being presided France and England. Various Arab states will turn back to the Soviet Union. Clearly, over by a man in ideal health. have received, or will, American F-5E fight­ England and France are still allies of the Although walking was an agonizing experi­ ers, American electronic equipment, ~eri­ United States. ence for him, he refused to use a wheelchair can missiles, American tanks, French Mirage (h) Finally, the maintenance of interna­ in '-he courtroom long past the time when his fighters, Freneh Matra missiles. English tional peace and security is the stated goal aides wanted him to do so. Special railings Chieftain tanks, English Jaguar fighters, in of American foreign policy because it is in were installed so that Judg-e McLaren could addition to all of the sophisticated Soviet America's national interest. We have sup­ make his own way from his chambers to the mllltary equipment which has been given ported American efforts to mediate the vari­ bench, a journey that normally would take wide prominence in the press (Russian tanks, ous agreements between Egypt and Israel only a matter of seconds. fighters, bombers, missiles, etc.). because we believed it would be a step to­ "He would use two canes," said Thomas P. (c) The decision by the United States to wards peace. However, the decision on the Sullivan, an attorney who argued a 10-week sell Egypt a Wide range of military equip­ part of the Ford Administration to lift the case in front of Judge McLaren during the ment will destroy the concept of deterrence arms embargo on Egypt and begin a pro­ final year. "He was going to walk into ilis based on Israeli mllitary strength. The ab­ gram of American military assistance repre­ courtroom under his own power. It would sence of war is dependent upon an Arab sents in our view a serious reversal of U.s. take him three minutes to make it to the realization that it would be folly and suicidal policy and carries Within it the danger o'f bench. He would move very slowly, literally to launch a military campaign against a renewed hostilities in the Middle East. inch-by-inch. His head would be bowed. We strong Israel. When this is replaced With an In sum, it is therefore shortsighted of the lawyers would stand as he walked, every day, Arab realization that the milttary balance Ford Administration to request immediate and it was all we could do not to cry." has been tipped in their favor, another out­ mllitary assistance for Egypt at the risk of At the end, all the resilency was gone from break of hostilities will be inevitable, and losing so much more. his muscles. He could not even hold a sheaf this would undermine U.S. national inter­ of paper without great strain. But still he ests in the area. It is in American interest worked. to insure the absence of war in the Middle "At night, his wife would read to him from East and not to encourage hostilities. RICHARD W. McLAREN the lawyers• briefs," said .Judge McLaren's (d) The Ford Administration makes the law clerk, Roger Dennis. "I certainly don't point that. military assistance to Egypt will think I would have had the guts or the enhance Egypt's standing With the other patience to carry on as he did. He never men­ Arab states. They further argue that Sadat HON. MARTIN A. RUSSO tioned the disease. Right up to the time he has shown a desire to end his dependence on OF n.LINOIS died. he had an incredible ab111ty to go right the Soviet Union in military and other fields, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to the root of a problem. A truly amazing and therefore the United States must give mind. And he worked as hard a day as any Sadat something so that he can show his Thursday, March 18, 1976 judge in the building. He started his day people that it pays to maintain friendly Mr. RUSSO. Mr. Speaker, courage is a earlier and ended it later than almost any relations With the United States; this argu­ other judge. Of all the judges, too, he was ment is based on faulty assumptions. To word which is often used and seldom extraordinarily kind to the attorneys. He was begin With, the greatest danger to Sadat defined. Recently a man passed from the such a considerate man. Sometimes I'd see today comes not from external sources, but scene whose life during the past year was him shaking his hands, and rd know that rather from unrest within Egypt. The de­ a definition of that word. the pain was getting to them so that he had teriorating Egyptian economy, the low stand­ to do something-but he never lost his ard of living of the Egyptian people and Richard W. McLaren was a noted law­ widespread dissatisfaction over this situation yer in my native city of Chicago, headed temper or was discourteous to the people in are Sadat's greatest problems today. This the Antitrust Division of the U.S. De­ his courtroom." will not be ameliorated by the infusion of partment of Justice and served most re­ Judge McLaren's widow, Edith, said that American military equipment. Rather, if the cently as a judge on the U.S. District after she would read the attorneys' briefs to United States was indeed interested in a Court for the Northern District of Illi­ him at night, he would compose his decisions durable peace in the region, it should be and opinions by himself. nois. "We had a special pen made for him," pressing for additional economic assistance Bob Greene of the Chicago Sun-Times to Egypt and not military equipment. It is Mrs. McLaren said. "It was padded with foam tractors and not military transports which has written an article paying tribute to rubber, which made it bigger and softer, will insure Sadat of support by the Egyptian this man of rare dedication which I would so it was easier for him to hold. He liked people, and enable him to continue to govern like to bring to the attention of our col- ­ to think things out and see them in front Egypt. leagues. Mr. Greene's words, which de­ of him. Sometimes he would have to dictat e, (e) To argue that if the United States scribe so poignantly Judge McLaren's dis- but whenever he could manage to write CXXII---460-Part 6 7276 EXTENSIONS OF REMAIQ(S Ma.T·ch 18, 1976 things down himself, he would. He was the1·e I would like to share with my col­ peace and want desperately to retain it with to do a job, and he was going to do it." leagues some of my thoughts at this the Soviet Union. Judge McLaren was an athletic man before point on defense from two of my recent Russian actions and military build ups the disease struck him-he used to slalom outlined in last week's column show that to water ski-and it was hard for those around weekly columns. secure the peace, America must remain him to watch him die in front of their eyes. THE DEFENSE MARGL-..r strong defensively. In this week's column, I But all knew how proud he was, and none "Currently the United States operates on want to look at some of the present U.S. urged him to take it easy, or to adapt to a a narrower and narrower military margin," policies and steps I believe we must take to lighter schedule. They knew that Judge Mc­ according to former Defense Secretary James maintain the peace. Laren was well aware of his own capablllties. Schlesinger. Very simply, the Soviets today are making "There were times when we were in front A shrinking defense margin was predictable a greater commitment to defense than the of the bench, arguing the case, and you since military issues have been deemphasized United States. U.S. policy is based on reacting could see the pain flash into his eyes," said and our strength reduced following every to a long, drawn out conflict (that would Lee Abrams, another attorney who was in­ American war. We are row emerging from the give us time to mobllize strength), or a volved in a long case before Judge McLaren. post Vietnam period, and Americans face a short nuclear confrontation. Soviet capa­ "When you are in eyeball-to-eyeball contact vital question of what "mllitary margin" we bilities are spread more widely to respond to with a man, you know when he hurts. Watch­ can accept. any type of conflict. ing him make his way into that courtroom In this week's column, I 'vant to compare An example of the problem this limited every day, and then seeing how well he ran the strength of the United States and Soviet policy creates for the U.S. was the Mayaquez his court . . . the whole bullding felt the Union. Next week, I want to look at the incident. When the word went out for U.S. same way about him. Everyone prayed for implications of these figures and what poli­ help in the area, the respom:e was by the 31 him." cie:: they suggest for the years ahead. year old carrier Hancock (operating on only On January 29, Judge McLaren delivered a. Nuclear Weapons-A decade ago the United 3 of its 4 shafts), the helicopter carrier meticulously thought-out and worded 60- States had a numerical superiority in strate­ Okinawa (with damaged boller plate), and page written opinion on a case that Abrams gic nuclear weapons. Today, it has disap­ the escort vehicle Holt (experiencing power had argued before him. Less than a. month peared. The nation lags behind the USSR in supply problems). The situation illustrates later, the judge was dead. every category except multiple warhead there are types of conflicts we cannot combat "The last year of that man's life was the launchers and total warheads. today effectively. damndest display of courage I've ever seen," Troop Strength-Figures in this category In response, I believe there are some steps Abrams said. "I don't think anyone who was can be misleading since the U.S. has never we should take: there wlll ever forget it. Or even think about had as many men under arms as the Soviets. 1. Defense Budget-We all want to elimi­ living and dying in the same way again. Now Presently, though, there are 2Y2 times more nate waste in defense spending. I am per­ there was a man.'' Soviets in the military than Americans. sonally conducting several investigations at Ground Forces-The Soviets outnumber us the present time I believe can result in sav­ in battle tanks (34,000 to 9,000 although we ings without reducing effectiveness. we can­ are increasing our strength), steel plated per­ not, however, continue to reduce sharply the THE CHANGING FACE OF DEFENSE defense budget yearly while the Soviets are THINKING sonnel carriers (40,000 to 20,000) and anti­ tank missiles (a 3 to 1 Soviet edge). The U.S. committing vast resources to their build up. We will have to accept a steady 2-3% growth advantages are in helicopters and the marines in military spending yearly to keep pace. HON. JOHN P. MURTHA ( 197,000 men to 12,000 in the comparable So­ 2. Navy-No single U.S. policy worries me OF PENNSYLVANIA viet units). Navy-The Soviets have more major com­ more than the lack of U.S. Naval strength. IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES There is a real concern as to whether we can batants in every category except aircraft car­ keep supply lanes open to our allies. Right Thursday, March 18, 1976 riers and a virtual monopoly on some anti­ now, America has no firm Naval strength ship misslles. The U.S. strengths are '7 nu­ Mr. MURTHA. Mr. Speaker, those of policy for the years ahead. It takes many clear powered surface ships; unsurpassed car­ years to build a ship and we need direction us who have for several years been argu­ rier air power; and more anti-submarine war­ to our future plans. We do not have to match ing that America's defense strength was fare units. the Soviets ship for ship, but we do have to slipping and that a new look was needed Air Force--The Snviets have 25% more make certain we can meet our needs on the at our security decisions have been heart­ fighter/attack aircraft and medium bombers seas-a question now in doubt. ened by the developments of recent than the U.S. America's total force is larger 3. Reserves-With the end of the draft when naval air power is included. and decrease in U.s. forces, we must rely weeks. Allies-The Soviet army and materials pro­ The highly respected Economist of more on the National Guard Reserves. We vide most of the strength of the Warsaw pact have to upgrade the units, make certain the London called for an "end of the false countries. NATO adds to total strength ot men have proper equipment to train with hopes attached to detente • • • a will­ the western countries, but the Warsaw na­ and use this source to increase our total ingness to use all the forms of counter­ tions have more commonality in leadership strength. vailing pressures needed to hold Soviet and arms, while NATO's equipment and lead­ 4. SALT Talks-We need to control arms policy in check • • • and a wtllingness ership is sometimes uncoordinated. growth, but I would rather delay an agree­ Those are the facts that cause Schlesinger ment with the Soviet Union on nuclear to pay for defense budgets designed to to conclude that "at no point since the 1930's match the military problem the democ­ weapons for a year and make certain neither has the Western world faced so formidable a side has a nuclear advantage, than to rush racies face rather than domestic political threat to its survival." to a judgment that would place us at a convenience." There is no doubt the Soviets are making permanent disadvantage. Former Secretary of Defense James a major commitment to arms while the U.S. Those are four areas I would stress as Schlesinger wrote in Fortune that the has been regrouping from Southeast Asia, essential to our national defense. Some pe-o­ threat to the world was similar to that of dealing with an unprecedented transfer of ple will stress other problems, but we must presidential power and worrying about do­ hold the debate and adopt a firm policy that the 1930's. mestic problems and the economy. The pres­ As then, the military balance is de­ will meet our needs. ent equalizing force is American technology Americans must face the fact that whether teriorating, but the trend in large meas­ and the quality of our military personnel. we like it or not, we are still the only military ure goes unnoticed because the Soviets Even here, though, the Soviets are closing counterbalance to the Soviet Union and the today though expansion-minded, speak the gap. communist world. The years ahead will test in less bombastic and threatening terms Over the next year, our attention must our will to check Soviet aggression o::.nd in."',u·e than the Nazis did. shift to what defense policy we want to adopt peace through equal strength. The best news of recent weeks is that in response to these Soviet actions. In next this awakening of need has led to deci­ week's column I will examine the direction I sions by the House and Senate Defense believe that response should take. "FBI" AND "COINTELPRO"-REVIEW Committees to do away with the annual OF TWO BOOKS congr~ssional procedure of slashing de­ AMERICA'S DEFENSE FUTURE fense spending, and responded with a The American Defense Debate of 1976 must HON. BELLA S. ABZUG more positive spending program than in start from a basic premise: we must watch recent years. what the Soviets do, not what they say. OF NEW YORK I believe there is still a great deal to be security for America and its allies has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES done to create the national debate that been a given factor in the lives of a whole Thursda.y, March 18, 1976 will set the course of our defense spend­ generation of Americans raised in the last 25 ing for yp.:.. :s to come, but I now believe years. Vietnam was viewed simply as an Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, after dec­ we are getting on the right track. American error. We have become used to ades of secrecy, the Federal Bureau of M_arah 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS PF ~~ 7277 Investigation is coming under more care­ One approaches "FBI" in the hope that it stad ("Inside the FBI") had all, in one way will provide a much-needed perspective on or another, blown the whistle and the siren ful public and congressional scrutiny. our one and only national police force (which on the F.B.I. This long delayed concern has already he is quick to designate the Bu.reau, despite One dillerence between then and now is had some slight benefits in the manner in their disclaimers). One is struck first by the that until recent years the Bureau had won which the current leadership of the FBI fact that the mere recounting of what is the public relations war. In addition to responds to public needs. But far more already known yields a finding. It turns out, attacking the character and motives of its and intensive oversight will be necessary for instance, that much of the so-called detractors, the Bureau encouraged Harry and before that Agency becomes responsive. paranoia of the left-old and new-should Bonaro Overstreet to write "The FBI in Our to legitimate congressional inquiry into not have been so-called after all. Open Society," an attempt to refute its At the height of the cold war the Left critics seriatum. Thus critics of the Bureau its activities. charged that the F.B.I. was trading informa­ were largely discounted by establishment One of the persistent problems en­ tion with Senator Joseph McCarthy, and journalists, too complacent to do any in­ countered by congressional committees now we learn that on the eve of his resigna­ vestigative checking of their own. The critics in attempting to perform oversight func­ tion as Assistant to the Director, William were ignored by Congress, which by and tions on the performance of the FBI is Sullivan reminded J. Edgar Hoover in a let­ large was reluctant to do battle with the the veil of secrecy which still surrounds ter, "You had us preparing material for keeper of the nation's (and presumably their its work. The subcommittee which I Senator McCarthy regularly, kept furnishing own) secrets and skeletons, and were dis­ it to him while you denied publicly that we missed by Presidents and most Attorneys chair, the Subcommittee on Government were helping him.'' General, reluctant to jeopardize their policy Information and Individual Rights of The civil rights movement claimed that agendas by taking on Washington's most . Government Operations, has been J. Edgar Hoover was conducting a pe1·sonal formidable bureaucrat-politician. And in "stonewalled" on several occasions in vendetta against the movement's spiritual case anyone had any funny ideas, don't forget our attempt to get to the bottom of the leader, Martin Luther King, and now we learn that when the Bureau had compromising question of the destruction of the files that in addition to other harassments the information, say about a Congressman, it maintained in the office suite of former Bureau probably attempted through anony­ was standard operating procedure to confront mous threats to move the late Dr. King to him with the knowledge but promise FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover. suicide. discretion. This is not a unique posture for the The anti-war movement suggested that the Ever since J. Edgar Hoover took over the FBI to take. In an excellent review of F.B.I. was financing agent provocateurs and Bureau in 1924, the F.B.I. has controlled its an excellent book by Sanford Ungar on Mr. Ungar quotes any number of alumni own image: in the 1930's as a gang of gang­ the FBI, Victor Navasky, the well-known informants who have surfaced at anti-war busting G-men; during World War II as a author on legal matters, states: trials and other proceedings only to confess crack anti-Nazi counterespionage outfit; Only in 1975, Ungar reminds us, was it that they worked to exploit internal dissen­ after the war as the nemesis of the inter­ revealed that the F .B.I.-Kelley included­ sion and they instigated break-ins, burnings, national Communist conspiracy; and more had kept certain confidentia.l files from At­ bombings and other terrorist activities. recently as an army of peace-keeping Efrem torneys General Richardson and Saxbe, each Black nationalists complained that the Bu­ Zimbalist Jr's. In the aftermath of the dis­ of whom assured us that he had the Bureau reau had singled them out for disruption closures occasioned by Watergate, various under control. How can we know that Attor­ and just a few weeks ago in testimony at Freedom of Information Act suits and the ney General Levi is faring that much better? a damage suit brought by survivors of the internal power struggle following Hoover's 1969 raid on the Black Panther Party head­ death, one hoped Mr. Ungar's book would Mr. _Navasky's review of "FBI" ap­ quarters, the former head of the F.BJ.'s Chi­ help us to see the F.B.I. without its charcoal­ peared in the New York Times Book Re­ cago office confirmed that the operation had gray suit on; that it would give us an im­ view of March 14, 1976. It suggests that been initiated as part of the Bureau's cam­ partial calculus for computing the damages, paign to "neutralize" what it called "black dangers and benefits this unique institution we must begin to debate the role of a nationalist hate-type groups." Apparently J. has inflicted and/or conferred on these sec1·et police in a democratic society and Edgar Hoover ordered these actions to pre­ United States. Instead, Mr. Ungar has gotten it reiterates that the secrecy which has vent the emergence of a black leader who a little bogged down in F.B.I. trivia (espe­ surrounded the FBI "has prevented the could become a "black messiah" and unify cially in the first half of the book), and public from even knowing what the issues black nationalist groups. although he Inakes a number of useful con­ are." I commend this review and the book Non-violent splinter groups like the SO­ tributions to F.B.I. literature and betrays "FBI", by Sanford Ungar to my col­ cialist Workers Party have long insisted that no pro- or anti-Bm·eau bias, the big questions they were a special target of the Bureau, remain unanswered, the great issues under• leagues. and F.B.I. documents, recently made public explored. The review by Mr. Navasky follows: under a Freedom of Information Act lawsuit, Among the contributions: he gives us a [From the New York Times Book Review, confirm that the Bureau launched a special glimpse of F.B.I. folkways, values and insti­ Mar. 14, 1976] S.W.P. disruption campaign as part of its tutions, rare in books about the F.B.I. written "FBI," BY SANFORD J. UNGAR; AND "COINTEL­ counterintelligence program. "Cointelpro: by outsiders. Thus we learn that F.B.I. men PRO," EDITED BY CATHY PERKUS-A BooK The FBI's Secret Wru.· on Political Freedom," have most respect for an agent who has shot REVIEW edited by Cathy Perkus, documents how the someone in the line of duty or, second best, (By Victor S- Navasky) F.B.I. tried to get the University of Ari­ been wounded himself. We are told how for zona Board of Regents to fire a professor who years F.B.I. cars had to be black and shiny, It is a rare day these days when either the happened to be an S.W.P. member, sent a thus they were worthless for surveillance. In F.B.I. or the C.I.A_-ou.r intelligence com­ fake letter from a "concerned mother" al­ a bit of Kremlinology, F.B.I. style, we are told munity's Mr. Inside and Mr. Outside-'-is not leging subversive activities against an S.W.P. that field offices feature portraits of Hoover embarrassed by some new revelation of past school board candidate, harassed a scoutmas­ and the current Director Kelly, but none impropriety. Just weeks ago the C.I.A. ter whose wife was an S.W.P. member and, of L. Patrick Gray Jr., who resigned as Acting grabbed the headlines, courtesy of Daniel to generate mutual suspicion, created the Director after it was revealed that he had Schorr, but it is undoubtedly only a matter impression that an S.W.P. officer had stolen destroyed some Watergate evidence. Also, we of Ininutes before yet another llitherto un­ funds from a S.W.P. defense committee. learn that after Gray ran into trouble, the known atrocity committed by the F.B.I.'s So what else is new? old-time Bureau Director's name was dropped from the cre­ officially discontinued Cointelpro operation critics might well ask. After all, the trial dentials all agents carry, possibly an economy surfaces. The disillusioning documentation oi Judith Coplon in 1949 for passing Justice measure. has come in such rapid quantity that it has Department intelligence reports to her Soviet One wishes Mr. Ungar had done more to almost ceased to shock and has begun to sweetheart revealed that the F.B.I. tapped explore the implications of some of his overwhelm. Thus the publication of a book telephones and sat silently by while the observations, but it is nevertheless valuable like Sanford Ungar's "FBI" seems a pro­ prosecutor denied that there had been any to hear an agent who had for years partici­ pitious occasion. Traditionally the F.B.I. has electronic surveillance. (Her convictions were pated in "the system of defying the rules and cooperated only with those it has had reason later reversed.) And the Coplon reports faking details of reports and statistics" ask to believe would tell its story in its own showed that the Bureau complied a dossier the troubling question, "How does a guy learn image. Mr. Ungar, Washington editor of The on the actor Frederic Marcl~ and his wife to cheat and lie on a daily basis regarding Atlantic Monthly, formerly with The Wash­ because they had been involved in the Henry administrative matters but then become per­ ington Post and author of "The Papers and Wallace movement, and on a music student fectly honest on the witness stand?" the Papers: An Account of the Legal and because he visited the New Jersey headquar­ Mr. Ungar also has new information on the Political Battle Over the Pentagon Papers" ters of the Communist Party to talk with his Bureau's formal and informal authority which won the George Polk Memorial Award mother. Moreover, muckrakers like Fred structures, with much original organization­ in· 1973 for the outstanding book of the year, Cook in his book "The FBI Nobody Knows," chart detail on how an agent moves up is the first independent reporter to gain sus­ and Max Lowenthal in "The Federal Bureau through and/or gets shifted around the tai:p.ed access to F.B.I. files, recot:ds and ..ner­ of Investigation," not to mention former ranks. One wishes, however, that he lrad sonnel-includlng a series of personal in-ter- agents like William Turner ("Hoover's FBI: said a little more about the relationship views with the Director. . ' The Men and the Myth'')" and Normal Olle- of the incentive system to Bureau priorities. 7278 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Mat•ch 18, 19'16 : For example, we are told that agents who But Mr. Hoover as presented by Mr. Ungar reminds us, was it revealed that the F.B.I.­ were involved in the ctvil rights struggles of might have stepped out of the pages of "Rag­ Kelly included-had kept certain confidential the mid-1960's found that their careers pros­ time." We hear him mispronounce words files from Attorneys General Richardson and pered in later years. Prior to that time the he often used such as Communist ("Oom­ Saxbe, each of whom assured us that he had Bureau seemed to have set itself against the minist") (and pseudo ("swaydo"), a term the Bureau under control. How can we know ideology of integration, so one 1s curious which generally accompanied intellectual or that Attorney General Levi is faring that as to whether the rewards for civil rights liberal, but nobody was allowed to correct much better? activity were accidental or intentional. And him. The "author" of best sellers, such as The boundary of secrecy which has sur­ we gain some perspective on tension between "The Masters of Deceit," he neither wrote rounded the Bureau has prevented the Bu­ the F.B.I. and other intelligence agencies his books nor read them. His style was to reau from testing its assumptions in the when we hear a C.I.A. man comment. "It behave as if he were in imminent danger, public policy marketplace, and it has pre­ was especially important to cover yourself by thus in restaurants he sat against the wall vented the public from even knowing what reporting back home, whenever you talked so he could see who was approaching, and the issues are. Fragmentary snapshots in Mr. with Bureau people. Otherwise it might be in his chauffeured limousine he would put Ungar's book, such as the picture of an distorted by them." his hat on one side of the rear window ledge F.B.I. informant sitting silently in the car "FBI" adds some original material to our and then sink down in the corner on the while a nightrider shoots and kills civil file on the Agency's past as well as bringing other side of the car, on the assumption that rights worker Viola Liuzzo back in the mid- us new news about its present circumstance. would-be assassins would fire at the hat. We 1960's, only hint at the great issues that have Some of it 1s in the F.B.I.'s favor, such as are even told that in an effort to understand yet to enter the public dialogue. To what his account of how the Butte, Mont., office the radical forces in the country he held extent is the F.B.I.-through its vast net­ quietly neutralized some balloons the Japa­ "long arguments with Emma Goldman and work of informants, and out of the most nese launched from the Pacific during World others be had deported during the Palmer benign motives-subsidizing crime and, in War n that were loaded with incendiary de­ raid era." rare cases, murder? If, as a number of Bu­ vices and anti-personnel bombs and were Based on wba.t we know about Mr. Hoover reau critics suggest, the F.B.I. ought to get &urprlsingly successful at starting fires and from other sources, be bad no tolerance for out of the political surveillance business al­ injuring campers. Mr. Ungar's chapter, called ambiguity and other traits generally asso­ together, what does one do about the truly "Big Brother," on the F.B.I.'s computeriza­ ciated with the classic authoritarian per­ terrorist organizations such as the S.L.A., the tion after years of resistance, is particularly sonality, such a~ the need to dominate his New World Liberation Army, the Ku Klux chilling, including his conclusion that "The subordinates while being deferential to his Klan? How can we prevent a bombing of fundamental question has become whether (Presidential) superiors. Mr. Hoover's F.B.I. La Guardia Airport without violating the it is too late, whether the F.B.I. has already was ideological traffic cop to the nation. We liberties we are guaranteed by our Constitu­ created such a mass of centralized and com­ cannot blame Mr. Ungar for not being Erik tion? puterized information that no amount of Erikson, and he did not set out to write a The F.B.I. has not been forced to address tampering, adjusting and controlling would psycho-history, but we wm never under­ such issues in public because it has never eliminate the basic threat. If that amount stand the F.B.I. until we understand its de been accountable to the public. Books like of information about citizens and their pos­ facto founder and his imprint on the Bu­ "FBI" ought to hold the Bureau accountable. sible wrongdoing is concentrated in a single reau. That Mr. Ungar is not oblivious to the need agency and is so easily retrievable, the po­ A second question has to do with the l'ela­ for such accountab111ty is evident from his tential is there for a government to make tionship between ideology and bureaucracy. report of an interview Acting Director Wil­ judgments about their future behavior or What portion of the Bureau's incursions on liam Ruckleshaus had with an F.B.I. veteran to try new experiments in social control." constitutionally protected territory may we who was being considered for the job of In addition to adding to our knowledge attribute to policy and what portion to its Associate Director. What would he say, one suspects his description of the break-in way of doing business? Doesn't a secret, rig­ Ruckleshaus asked, if he were asked in the at the F.B.I.'s Media, Pa., office in 1971 wlll idly hierarchical organization which judges course of Congressional testimony, whether add to the F.B.I.'s knowledge. The Bureau performance by statistics and defines reality he had ever participated in an 1llegal activity has yet to solve the case, but Unger tells us primarily by what it puts on paper give rise on behalf of the F.B.I.? "Well, sir," he replied, authoritatively that the Media team had been to bureaucratic imperatives that are the "I would tell him that was none of his --­ organized into three groups. The burglars equivalent of ideolQ~Jy? damn business.'' who broke into the office and stole the docu­ How typical is the agent who told Ungar ments; the sorters, who decided which docu­ he would not hesitate to use forbidden pro­ ments were important and processed them cedures against "extremists" "if necessary accordingly; and the disseminators, who de­ to get the job done"? Mr. Ungar tells us with­ ELECTION BILLS cided which journalists should get what ma­ out further comment that as recently as terials in what order. 1974 the Bureau carried on its shelf of "sub­ Incidentally, it ought to be mentioned that versive" literature, a hefty collection of the because Mr. Ungar has provided neither "liberal" magazine, The Nation. As it hap­ HON. BILL FRENZEL chapter notes nor footnotes it is difficult to pens, The Nation is a left-liberal magazine OF MINNESOTA evaluate the accuracy of his material. The with the singular distinction of having loud­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES story about the Japanese balloons, for in· ly challenged the F.B.I. during the pervasive stance, sounds as if it comes from the F.B.I. journalistic silence of the cold war, which Thursday, March 18, 1976 files. If so, did Mr. Ungar check it out? One leads one to wonder how common is the doesn't expect him to reveal his sources on Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, following Bureau's practice of misusing ideolQ~Jical the Media break-in but one wishes he had labels to identify bm·eaucratic and political is a summary of the differences between given some inkling as to the nature of hiS enemies? the House Administration Committee documentation. The unfortunate result is We are told that after Judge Irving Kauf­ election bill, H.R. 12406 and the Senate that we must treat much of what Mr. Ungar man sentenced the Rosenbergs to death in Rules Committee bill, S. 3065. This sum­ says the way we would treat a raw F.B.I. the so-called atom spy case, Mr. Hoover mary is a reprint offered by the Chair­ file-with suspicion. Although it should started doing him favors, such as dispatch­ quickly be noted that Mr. Ungar himself man of the Senate Rules Committee, Mr. ing a chauffeured limousine to pick him up CANNON, and only represents those differ­ appears unbiased and is what the Bureau at the airport when he went to visit his son would (or should) call "a usually reliable at college in Oklahoma. One is curious what ences as of the beginning of Senate de­ source." "favor" Mr. Hoover thought be was return­ bate on March 16. He has given us, then, a raw and highly ing, or does the F.B.I. routinely make its bu­ Since then, of cow·se. several amend­ suggestive file on the F.B.I. But alas, like reaucracy available to those in high places ments have been adopted. Some of them the F.B.I. files themselves, he has raised but whose actions accord with its policy p!'efer­ not really explored the critical questions, are technical and conforming amend­ ences? The Socialist Workers Party argues ments and others are far more substan­ which I take to be three. that all of the F.B.I.'s actions against them In his preface Mr. Ungar says he set out may be seen as part of a consistent strateJY tive in natw·e. to conduct "an unbiased inquu·y into the since "The ruling class, which runs the gov­ I believe this summary will aid my nature of the FBI, how it works, who peoples ernment, is convinced that it would be better colleagues as they work through this it and what it does." He has done that to a for them if socialism were considered illegit­ maze of complicated legislation. I also degree, but one can't really understand any­ imate or 'subversive.' " There is insight be­ believe it is important for the House to thing about the F.B.I. unless one understands hind the S.W .P. rhetoric, but my own sus­ understand that this bill is a major, com­ the late J. Edgar Hoover, who converted the picion is that Marxist analysis is inadequate prehensive revision of ow· election law. corrupt old Bureau of Intelligence into the to account for the peculiar blur of ideology streamlined, modern F.B.I. Mr Hoover's into bureaucratic momentum that seems to The listing follows: presence still dominates the Bureau long characterize the F.B.I. Either way a careful SUMMARY OF THE KEY DIFFERENCES BET'-"'EElf after his absence, his values inform its as­ study is needed. S. 3065 AND H.R. 12406 sumptions and it is therefore accurate that Finally, it is imperative to open up the Whereas both bills would reconstitute the the new F.B.I. headquarters is called the debate on the role of a secret police in a Federal Election Commission in an identical J. Edgar Hoover Building. democratic society. Only in April 1975, Ungar manner. H.R. 12406 would have the terms of '·. ·.: ~ ~ \ ; I • • _ ; ; ~ ;[ , " "'1 ·~ l: , \ -;. / March is, 19'i6 EXTE:Nsio:Ns oF·iiirMARks · 7279 one member of the Commission expire each all advisory opinions, the transaction or ac­ shall be fined not more than $2,000. -If it is year, providing that the terms of a member tivity with respect to which is not subject a knowing and willful violation, the fine representing one political party shall exph·e to an existing rule or regulation, shall be would be $5,000. ' on alternate years. S. 3065, on the other hand, transmitted to the Congress as a proposed The other differences in the enforcement provides that the terms of two members not rule or regulation. S. 3065, however, would provisions of the two bllls can be found in affiliated with the same party expire every require only those advisory opinions which Section 108, pages 19-27 of S. 3065, and Sec­ two years so that members are not reap­ set forth a rule of general applicability to be tion 109, pages 18-26 of H .R. 12406. pointed in an election year. transmitted to the Congress as a proposed Section llO(a) (2) of H.R. 12406 requires H.R. 12406 requires, as does S. 3065, the rule or regulation. the Commission to give priority to auditing affirmative vote of four members of the Com­ H.R. 12406, at Section 108(d) has the ef­ and field investigating the verification for, miSsion in order to establish guidelines, initi­ fect of requiring the Commission to trans­ and the receipt and use of, any payments ate civil actions, render advisory opinions, mit all its outstanding advisory opinions, received by a candidate under the public make regulations, conduct investigations, or which are not the subject of an existing rule financing provisions of the Internal Revenue report apparent violations of law. However, or regulation, to the Congress for review. Code. S. 3065 does not contain such a pro­ S. 3065 contains an additional provision that Section 107 of S. 3065 (pp. 17-19 of the bill) vision. no less than two of the four members voting and Section 108 of H.R. 12406 (pp. 15-17 of Section llO(b) of H.R. 12406 contains a in favor of such actions shall be affiliated the b111) contain the respective provisions provision which would permit the Congress with the same political party. which would amend the advisory opinions to disapprove a part of a regulation sub­ H.R. 12406 provides that the terms of all provisions of existing law. mitted by the Commission, rather than have the present Commissioners, expire when all The enforcement provisions of the two to take disapproval action with existing law. the new Commissioners are appointed and bills provide for similar conciliation and civil S. 3065 does not contain such a provision. qualified, whereas in S. 3065, at pp. 5 and 6 enforcement procedures. H.R. 12406, how­ Section llO(c) of H.R. 12406 contains a of the b111, the existing Commissioners' terms ever, does provide for a civil penalty not ex­ provision at pp. 27-28 of the bill not in s. would expire when a majority of the new ceeding the greater of $5,000 or an amount 3065, that in any proceeding, including any Commissioners are appointed and qualified. equal to the amount of any contribution or civil or criminal enforcement proceeding The S. 3065 provision is intended to permit expenditure involved in a violation where against any person charged with a violation the new Commission to begin operations at such violation is not a knowing and willful of the Act or the public financing provisions an earlier date, in the event a delay occurs one. E. 3065 does not have such a provision. of the Internal Revenue Code, no rule, regu­ in the appointment or qualification of one The House bill also provides a civil penalty, lation, guidelines, advisory opinion, opinion or two Commissioners. where a violation is knowing and willful, to of counsel, or any other pronouncement by H.R. 12406 has an identical provision to be the greater of $10,000 or an amount equal the Commission or by any of its members, S. 3065 prohibiting Commissioners from en­ to 200 per cent of the amount of any con­ officers or employees, (other than any rule or gaging in any outside business or professional tribution or expenditure involved in such vi­ regulation of the Commission which has be­ activity while holding office. However, under olation, whereas S. 3065 would provide a civil come effective) shall be used against any Section 101(c) (1) on page 4 of S. 3065 this penalty for a knowing and willful violation person, either as having the force of law, as prohibition would not become effective until of the greater of $10,000 or an amount equal creating any presumption of violation or two years after the date the bill becomes to 300 per cent of the amount of any contri­ criminal intent, or as admissable in evidence law. bution or expenditure involved in the viola­ against such person or in any manner what­ S. 3065, at Sections 101 (d) and 101 (g) tion. soever. contains certain transfer and continuity pro­ H.R. 12406 requires the Commission to S. 3065 would repeal Section 456 of Title 2, visions which are not in H.R. 12406. These make every endeavor, for a period of not less United States Code, which gives the Com­ are summarized on pages 3 and 4 of the than 30 days, to correct or prevent a violation mission power to disqualify candidates in fu­ Comniittee's report on S. 3065. by informal methods of conciliation, except ture elections. Section 111 of H.R. 12406 Both bills contain certain changes, many under certain specified circumstances just would retain this section and provide 30 days of which are similar, in the definitional sec­ prior to an election which are set forth on prior to the Commission's being able to ex­ tions of the Federal Election Campaign Act page 20 of that bill. The Senate bill, S. 3065, ercise it s disqualification powers. of 1971 and are located at pages 8-11 of S. would not bind the Commission to 30 days Sect ion 112 of H .R. 12406 contains a pro­ 3065 and 6-10 of H.R. 12406. of conciliation efforts, so that it would have vision which would repeal existing Section Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 103 some discretion to take immediate action to 2 USC 43 requiring copies of all reports to of S. 3065 contain provisions to reduce the invoke the civil relief provisions of the law be filed with appropriate state officers. s. 3065 accounting and recordkeeping burdens for in the event that it determined that there does not contain such a provision. political committees by requiring that rec­ was probable cause to believe that a viola­ With respect to the provisions limiting ords be kept only on contributions in excess tion had occurred, or was about to occur, contributions and expenditures, the essential of $100 instead of in excess of $10. S. 3065 of such magnitude and nature that the in­ difference between the two bills would be also has a provision which states that a terests of the public would compel imme­ that H.R. 12406 would limit contributions contributor's occupation does not have to diate resort to the courts for judicial relief. by persons to political committees in any cal­ include the name of the employer, firm, As stated on page 8 of the Committee report ender year to an aggregate of $1,000. This is business associate, customers or clients for on S. 3065, "If such a situation does not occur not in S. 3065, and, under present law, for recordkeeping or reporting purposes. These the Commission is expected to pursue with example, an individual could make up to a are set forth at pages 11, 12, and 13 of S. diligence, for a reasonable period of time, $25,000 contribution in a calendar year to a 3065. H.R. 12406 does not contain any pro­ an attempt to correct or prevent all viola­ political committee which is not authorized visions with respect to this subject matter. tions by informal methods, except as other­ to receive funds on behalf of a particular Section 104(a) of S. 3065, at page 12 of the wise provided in the bill!' candidate or where the funds are not ear­ bill provides that in a non-election year, a There are two additional provisions in marked for a particular candidate-assum­ candidate and his authorized committees the enforcement portion of H.R. 12406 which ing that the individual has not made any must file quarterly reports only for quarters are not contained in S. 3065. The first is on other contributions in that year. in which more than $5,000 in contributions page 18 of that bill, and states as follows: S. 3065 has a provision limiting contribu­ have been received, or more than $5,000 in "Notwithstanding any other provision of tions one political committee can make to expenditures have been made. Section 104 this Act, the Commission shall not have the another political committee, (other than to a (a) of H.R. 12406 has a similar provision but authority to inquire into or investigate the political committee authorized to receive would exempt quarterly reporting in non­ ut1lization or activities of any staff employee funds on behalf of a particular candidate) to election years wherein a candidate and his of any person holding Federal office without an aggregate of $25,000 in a calendar year. authorized committees had received contri­ first consulting with such person holding Under present law, such contributions are butions or made expenditures in any cal­ Federal office. An affidavit given by the per­ unlimited. H.R. 12406 would limit that endar quarter totalling in excess of $10,000. son holding Federal office that such staff em­ amount to $5,000 in a calendar year. Both Section 106 of H.R. 12406 contains a pro­ ployee is performing his regularly assigned bills contain similar, though not identical vision amending 2 USC 437(a) (1) to pro­ duties shall be a complete bar to any further language directed at curtailing the vertical vide that the principal campaign committee inquiry or investigation of the matter in­ proliferation of contributions by political of a candidate or any other authorized polit­ volved." committees. See pages 29-31 of H.R. 12406 ical committee which receives or makes con­ The second provision in the enforcement and pages 27-29 of S. 3065 for a comparison tributions on a candidate's behalf shall main­ portion of H.R. 12406, not contained in S. of these provisions. tain one or more checking accounts, at the 3065, is on page 26 of that bill, and provides S. 3065 and H.R. 12406 both propose a re­ discretion of any such committee, at a de­ that any member of the Commission, any em­ vision of eXisting Section 610 of Title 18 re­ pository designated by the candidate. Exist­ ployee of the Commission or any other person lated to limitations on contributions and ex­ ing law merely requires the keeping of "a who makes public any notification or in­ penditures by corporations and labor orga­ checking account." S. 3065 does not contain vestigation under new Section 313(a) (2), nizations. The changes proposed by both bilJ¢ a provision with respect to this subject. without the written consent of the person are similar With the following key exceptionS.· ·H.R. i2406 revises the advisory opinion receiving such notification or the person with First, S. 3065 contains language at page· a·6 · prpvls,lpns :or ·2 USC 4S7(f) to p:r;ovlde that resp~ct to whom the. lnyesttgatlon ls made, of that bill, Which would treat public utU~ty · 7280 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 18, 1976 holding companies the same as other cor­ THE AZORES-FRIENDS OF THE ards, the 300,000 inhabitants are generally porations for purposes of the llmitatlons on UNITED STATES IN SEARCH OF A poor and ill-educated. contributions and expenditures set .forth 1n FUTURE They are also hardworking, generous of the section. Second, H.R. 12406 contains lan­ spirit, and honest almost beyond credibility. guage at page 40 of that bill which provides On Corvo, the smallest of the islands, the jail that an incorporated trade assocta.tlon or a has not been occupied within memory. On separate segregated fund established by an HON. JACK F. KEMP any island a visitor who forgets a pencil stub incorporated trade association would be per­ OF NEW YORK or near-empty cigarette package in a cafe mitted to solicit contributions .from the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES will be chased down the sti·eet by an Azorean stockholders and executive officers of the trying to return it. member corporations o! such trade associa­ Thursday, March 18, 1976 The people are blessed in other ways. They tion and the familles of such stockholders live on old volcanoes rising from the Mid­ and executive ofilcers. This could be done to ~r. E(E~. ~r. Speaker, governed by Atlantic Ridge and cloaked in rich volcanic the extent that any such solicitation of such Portugal for nearly five centuries, the soil. The North Atlantic Current, a branch stockholders and executive officers and their mid-Atlantic islands of the Azores have of the warm Gulf Stream, ensures a climate families had been separately and specifically long resented the second-class role to without extremes of heat or cold. The earth approved by the member corporation in­ which Portugal relegated them. All bursts forth with a copious harvest of crops volved, and such member corporation had through last year, the political turmoil both temperate and tropical; corn and sugar not approved any such solicitation by more in Lisbon stirred simmering discontent beets grow here, as do oranges, ba.nanas, than one such trade association in any cal­ and tea. Flowers bloom in an abundance to into a strong movement by a large ma­ delight the eye; indeed, they bestowed the endar year. Third, S. 3065 contains a defi­ to nition of stockholders not in H.R. 12406. jority of Azoreans map their own des­ name to Flores, a small island at the western H.R. 12406 at page ~4 of the bill, raises the tiny-should Portugal go Communist. end of the archipelago where pastures are limitation on contributions of currency Banding together, under the Front for separated by lush hedges of hydrangeas. from $100, which Is in existing law and in the Liberation of the Azores-FLF-the The bells of the lava-stone churches on S. 3065, to $250. It also sets a specific crimi­ Azorean people have placed their lives in the islands peal thrice daily in towns that nal penalty, not in S. 3065, for any person jeopardy by publicly declaring their in­ were fortified to repel the attacks of 16th­ who knowingly and willfully violates the tention of secedin.g from Portugal. In re­ century pirates. The horse at;td oxcart are $250 prohibition. turn for their longstanding friendship giving way only slowly to the internal-com­ H.R. 12406 restates existing Section 616 bustion engine. From the seaside rocks men related to honorariums, whereas S. 3065 with the United States, the FLF is ap­ cast nets for silvery chicharro. High on ridges would increase the amount of individual pealing to the U.S. Government for help. the sails of a few old windmills revolve slow­ honorariums from $1,000 to $2,000, and the The Azores, whose people have always ly, turning lava millstones that grind the aggregate calendar year amount which may been good and strong allies of the United corn. be received as an honorarium from $15,000 States, are critical to U.S. defense capa­ Serene and pastoral as the islands appear, to $24,000. bility and to assisting our allles. It was they are being disturbed by change. Gov­ H.R. 12406 at page 45 of that bill, con­ here that the United States refueled its erned by Portugal 1'or nearly five hundred tains criminal penalties which would be ap­ years, Azoreans have long felt oppressed by plicable for any person who knowingly and rescue aircraft to Israel during the 1973 their rulers in Lisbon. In the past year a wilUully commits a violation of the Act in­ ~iddle East war-the only European deepening ideological rift aggravated this old volving the making, receiving, or reporting country to allow us to land-enabling the grievance. The islanders, devoutly Roman of any contribution or expenditure having United States to refuel over 565 ftights Catholic and intensely anti-Communist, be­ a value in an aggregate of $5,000 or more and carry more than 20.000 tons of ur­ came fearful of the power that the left wing during a calendar year, whereas S. 3065 gently needed supplies and equipment to had acquired in continental Portugal. would provide for criminal penalties where Israeli troops. It is here that the U.S. Demonstrations, near riots, and impas­ such aggregate amounts is $1,000 or more. Al­ Navy bases its entire mid-Atlantic anti­ sioned rhetoric chaTged the bucolic Azorean so, with respect to the imposition of criminal atmosphere with political electricity. Along penalties, S. 3065, at page 44 of the bill, pro­ submarine warfare effort that. along the narrow streets of Ponta Delgada, the vides that a conciliation agreement under with wide ranging spotter aircraft, moni­ Azores' largest city, I saw many bulldings certain circumstances would be a complete tors the entire North Atlantic Ocean for emblazoned with graffiti advocating inde­ defense to crim.inal prosecution. H.R. 12406 Soviet submarine activity. Through the pendencia: "The Azores for the Azoreans." does not have such a provision. two major sea lanes monitored by the Young men wore shirts stenciled with a Section 115 of H.R. 12406, at page 47 o! Azores pass a major proportion of ~11 fierce-looking hawk-aQOT means ~·goshawk" that bill, contains a provision providing for oil supplies traveling by supertanker in Portuguese-its wings spread protectively from the ~iddle East and North Africa above nine stars representing the islands. the termination of the authority of the Com­ Promenading on the broad waterfront esplan­ mission on March 31, 1977, if either House to the Western World. ade patterned with lava and Portuguese lime­ of the Congress, by appropriate action de­ I would like to enter into the REcoRD stone, they greeted each other with a thumbs­ termines that such determination shall take an article from the February 1976 issue up sign-the symbol of the Independence effect. This provision requires the appropri­ of National Geographic magazine which movement. ate committee of each House of the Con­ gives a brief look at the attitudes and * * gress, commencing January 3, 1977, to -con­ way of life of the approximately 300,000 I heard the refrain everywhere. For years duct a review of the elections of candidates inhabitants of the mid-Atlantic archi­ Portugal had been "milking the golden cow," for Federal office conducted in 1976, the op­ pelago of the Azores: Azoreans claimed, exploiting the IslandS' agri­ eration of the public financing provisions of THE AZORES, NINE IsLANDS IN SEARCH cultural abundance, taxing imports and ex­ the Internal Revenue Code with respect to OF A FuTuRE ports heavily, and providing little in return. Tllen to that was added leftist control. such elections, and the activities of the Com­ (By Don Mosel") mission, and tor these committees to report This long-standing resentment exploded to their respective Houses not later than * * * * * last summer when Azoreans burned a Com­ March 1, 1977, with a recommendation of The mid-Atlantic archipelago known as munist Party headquarters on Terceira, the Azores in one of the few places on earth dumped a Communist leader's car into the whether the authority of the Commission from which men still go forth in small boats shall be tenninated on March 31, 1977. sea off Sao Miguel, and demonstrated angri­ with hand harpoons to challenge the greatest ly in major towns. By the end of the summer Although there are other less substantive creatures of the seas. The whalers' methods they had driven virtually every Communist differences between the two bills, as well as belong to another century-appropriately leader to Lisbon and had demanded-and some drafting differences, the final major enough, for in the Azores time moves at a won-the ouster of a number of unpopular difference is the provision in H.R. 12406, pace of its own, the decades ticking into each Portuguese officials, including a governor. which S. 3065 does not have, providing that other with Imperceptible change. That pace, The cutting edge of the independence an individual who has ceased actively to however, has quickened, and just as the days movement is the illegal and clandestine Front seek election to the office of President or of the whalers seem numbered, so there for the Liberation of the Azores. Since Vice President, to cease receiving public seems no going back to the past for today's Azoreans assume that Americans are sym­ funds and return those funds received by Azoreans. pathetic, a vlsltor from the Unlted States has that candidate which are not used to defray POOR, PERHAPS, BUT RICH IN CHARACTER no difficulty meeting FLA members. As I qualified ca.mpalgn expenses. These provi- The nine 1slands-Bome 900 square miles traveled about the Islands. I was continually sions relating to both ma.tchtng funds an4 altogether-are separated from Europe by al­ buttonholed by taxi drivers, office workers, direct grant payments ar-e set forth at pages most a thousand mlle8 and from North and farmers eager to tell me of their affilia­ 55-57 o:f R.R• .12406. America by sixteen hundred. By some stand- tion with the movement. March 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7281

CLERGYMAN PREPARES FOR BATTLE went out the door. "Sooner or later," he said, marines. And 1! you want to know why it One day I went to a village on Sao Miguel "some of those men will be waiting for me." seems so tense around here tonight, I'll tell to visit a priest I'd heard about. I met him His beliefs were not popular, he explained. you: We're observing one right now-and we in front of his church, a 19th-century build­ Most Azoreans were looking toward the don't think he knows he's being watched." ing that dominated the whitewashed stone United States to help them, certainly with A squadron of Navy P3's-long-range air­ row houses of the village. "How many people moral support, perhaps with economic as­ craft, chockablock with detection equipment live in the village?" I asked. sistance. "America is like God to us," an -is based at Lajes. "From here," Dupont "Fourteen hundred, approximately," he Azorean friend told me in Faial, and if he said, "we cover three Inillion square miles said with a smile. put it more strongly than most, there is no of thE> At lantic. This is a big, fixed aircraft "How many are in favor of independence?" doubt that Azoreans regard the United States carrier in an important locat ion." The priest smiled again. "At least eleven warmly. * hundred, approximately." Azoreans have been emigrating to North F ACING TOMORROW WITH QUIET STRE NGTH America since the 1700's. Several hundred In the church annex we sat at a rough Isolated and vulnerable, dwelling pre­ wooden table and discussed the independence thousand people of Azorean stock live in the United States today, primarily in New Eng­ cariously on their restless mid-ocean vol­ movement. A dozen men gathered around to canoes, the Azoreans face an uncertain fu­ listen, their faces intent. "We have suffered land and California. • In search of a higher standard of living than they can achieve in turP.. They lack trained technicians and ad­ t oo long under Portugal," the priest said. ministrators. Their physical resources are "Books and school supplies are not provided their island vlllages, about 5,000 move to the United States each year now. limited. Their transportation lines are long. by the government. Most people here have But Azoreans do have some important things been to school only three or four years; they "Family ties are very strong," said Jim Flynn, the young vice-consul at the United in their favor; a will to prevail, a knotty can barely read and write. durability. "We have valuable mineral water, but the States consulate in Ponta Delga.da. "When a Portuguese will not allow us to export it-­ transplanted Azorean becomes a U.S. citi­ they don't want us to compete with com­ zen, he'll send for his sister, and she takes panies in Portugal-and so it goes to waste. her husband, and then he sends for his HUMAN RIGHTS IN INDIA For sugar we pay 50 cents a pound because brother, who brings his family.... " of taxes, even though we grow the sugar beets THE AGONY OF EXPECTATION HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM here. Look at this man," the priest said, One morning I sat in Flynn's office as a pointing at one of the onlookers. "He is a stream of visa applicants passed through, OF NEW YORK logger, but now he has to log illegally be­ Flynn, the man who had the power to ful­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cause he has to get a permit from Lisbon to fill or shatter their dreams, sat at a large cut the trees, and it takes too long. Portugal desk, flanked by an American flag. As the ap­ Thursday, March 18, 1976 has always considered us third-class Portu­ plicants answered his routine questions­ Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, man·y guese." "What relatives do you have there? Do you friends of India have been deeply dis­ The priest pounded his fist on the table. have an offer of a job?"-they were appre­ tressed by the growing evidence that "We have a will to do something! We don't hensive, almost to the point of shock. Their want to fight, but if we have to, we will fight rough farmers' hands twisted in anguish. At under the government of Mrs. Gandhi with sticks and stones and plows." the end of each interview Flynn asked the that great country has been abandoning It was clear from the faces of the men who applicant to stand, raise his right hand, and the essential rights of democracy and sat around the table that they were ready to swear that his statements were true. One eld­ moving toward repressive authoritarian­ follow their priest. erly farmer was so excited he shot both arms ism. As we left, the priest stopped to point straight into the air, as if being held up at something out to me. There, affixed to the A group of 80 very distinguished gunpoint. Americans recently issued a statement wall, were a hammer and a sickle. Crossways Most applicants are approved. "One of our between them, as if splitting them asunder, jobs," said Flynn, "is to make sure that we deploring the situation in India and call­ was an Azorean kniwe, a podfio. don't send people who are going to become ing for a· restoration of human rights HOME RULE VERSUS FULL FREEDOM public char~s. But there is very little prob­ there. Not all Azoreans emphatically desired in­ lem with Azoreans. Their families in the I include an article from the New York dependence. Some feared missteps caused by States will help them, they are hard workers, Times of March 5, 1976, which includes their own political inexperience, others that and they are too proud to a-ccept welfare. the text of the statement and the list of political power would be concentrated in the These are good people." signers: The Azores have been a way station for hands of the wealthy. Nonetheless, a group EIGHTY AMERICANS APPEAL TO INDIA To of Azorean officials was preparing a plan for Atlantic travelers ever since their discovery an autonomous Azorean region. in 1427 by the far-ranging mariners of Prince RESTORE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS I spoke with a member of the group, Jose Henry the Navigator, Christopher Columbus (By Paul Grimes) Goulart, an articulate young engineer, in his stopped at Santa Maria on his return from More than 80 Americans, most of them office in Ponta Delgada. "We are so small," he the New World in 1493. Spanish galleons widely known, are issuing a joint appeal to­ said, "that in my opinion, we will always feel reprovisioned on their voyages back to Spain. day expressing distress at repression in India we need to be included in an economic and In both World Wars the islands played a role and calling for the restoration of funda­ political structure that is larger and stronger. in the struggle for control of the Atlantic. mental human rights there. We have problems just because we are islands, Today at Lajes Field on the island of Ter­ The statement is the first formal expression problems of skills and economic development. ceira, 0-141 jet transports of the U.S. Air of concern by a substantial number of Ameri­ Anywhere else in the world an area the size Force land to refuel on their flights between cans to restrictions imposed by the Govern­ of the Azores would need one airport--we the United States and North Atlantic Treaty ment of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. have five now and need more. We can't get Organization bases in Europe. The United The restrictions were imposed under a state along with one port. People think that we States has kept a contingent at Lajes since of internal emergency that was proclaimed need nine of everything." World War II to operate what airmen de­ in India last June 26. * * scribed to me as the "big gas station." Organizers of the appeal described it as a In the town of Santa Cruz I had coffee at The gas station's strategic importance was one-time "ad hoc" statement of the feelings a small community center where the people underlined during the Middle East war of of American individuals, not of an o1·ganized gathered to play cards and dominoes. There 1973. With other NATO countries determined group. I met a somber-eyed, bearded young man who to stay uninvolved, Lajes during a 33-day SPECTRUM OF OPINION told me that he was a university student in period refueled planes carrying 22,000 tons The signers represent a spectrum of polit­ Lisbon, home on vacation. He was a member of equipment and supplies to Israel. ical, academic and other opinion. The n ames of the MRPP-a Portuguese political party Lajes also is a center of the U.S. Navy's of some appear frequently on petitions; t he that stands to the left even of the Commu­ mid-Atlantic antisubmarine-warfare effort. names of others rarely if ever do. nists. He opposed the independence move­ One night I saw the building from which The appeal was organized primarily by ment, he said, because he feared that with­ these operations are directed. Behind its three persons: Dorothy Norman, a biographer out Portugal's protection the United States of the late Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, might try to take the islands over. The ma­ heavy locked doors were rooms filled with whirring computers and other electronic Mrs. Gandhi's father; Sidney Hertzberg, a jority of Azoreans were very poor, he went former correspondent of The Hindustan on, and only through radical change could equipment. Lt. Comdr. Bill Dupont told me, "Our pri­ Times of New Delhi, and Ved Mehta, author they better their lives. and staff member of The New Yorker As the student spoke, I realized that some mary interest here is in watching Soviet sub- Magazine. men playing dominoes at a nearby table were Mrs. Norman and Mr. Hertzberg were long watching him closely and with evident hos­ * 0. Louis Mazzatenta described "New Eng­ active in the now-defunct India League of tility. After a while the men got up to leave. land's 'Little Portugal' " in National Geo­ America, which, while Britain ruled India, The student nodded toward them as they graphic, January 1975. helped muster American opinion for inde- 7282 EXTENSIONS OP REMARKS March 18, 197fi pendence. Mr. Mehta, who was born in India, Harrington, Michael, professor of political Rustin, Bayard, president, A. Phllip Ran­ recently became a United States citizen. science, Queens College. dolph Institute; civil rights activist. What motivated the .organizers most, Mr. Heginbotham, Dr. Stanley J., associate pro­ Samuelson, Dr. Paul A., professor of eco­ Hertzberg said, was Mrs. Gandhi's decision fessor of polltical science, Columbia Univer­ nomics, Massachusetts Institute of Technol­ early this year to postpone for at least a sity. ogy; Nobel laureate in economics, 1970. year the general elections that had been Hertzberg, Dr. Hazel W., associate profes­ Schlesinger, Arthur M. Jr., Albert Schweit­ scheduled to be held in India this month. sor of history and education, Teachers Col­ zer professor in the humanities, City Univer­ The three-paragraph statement says: lege, Columbia University; former editor, sity of New York. "We are Americans concerned With main­ "India Today." Schell, Jonathan, author. taining and furthering human rights, and Hertzberg, Sidney, former United States Schomer, Dr. Howard, world issues secre­ our concern extends to all people through­ correspondent for The Hindustan Times, New tary, United Church Board for World Min­ out the world. Consequently, we are dis­ Delhi. istries. tressed by the loss of fundamental human Howe, Irving, professor of English, City Shanker, Albert, president, United Federa­ rights in India folloWing the proclamation University of New York. tion of Teachers. of a national emergency there on June 26, Ilchman, Dr. Warren F., dean, College of Singer, Dr. Milton, professor of anthro­ 1975. Thousands of critics of the Government Liberal Arts, Graduate School, Boston Uni­ pology and social sciences, University of Chi­ have been arrested Without charge and with­ versity. cago; co-editor and contributor, "Structure out even the right of habeas corpus. The Isaacs, Harold R., professor of political sci­ and Change In Indian Society." press has been put under strict censorship ence, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Smih, Dr. Donald E., professor of political and Government control. Now the emergency author, "Scratches on Our Minds, American science, University of Pennsylvania. has been extended and national elections Images of China and India." Spack, Dr. Benjamin, author and pacifist. have been canceled. Jack, Dr. Homer A., secretary general, Stone, I. F., author. "We deplore these events, especially in World Confer~nce on Religion and Peace; Updike, John, author. India, because there democracy was estab­ Editor, "The Gandhi Reader." Wald, Dr. George, professor of biology, lished after a long struggle for freedom led Jessup, Dr. Philip C., former judge, Inter­ Harvard University; Nobel laureate in physi­ by some of the greatest contemporary expo­ national Court of Justice. ology, 1967. nents of human rights, and also because the Kilson, Dr. Martin, professor of govern­ Wallace, Dr. Paul, associate professor of respect of democratic India for these human ment, Harvard University. political science, University of MissourL rights was for so many years a beacon light Kurtz, Dr. Paul, professor of phllosopy, Weiner, Dr. Myron, chairman, department for all newly independent and developing State University of New York at Buffalo; of political science, Massachusetts Institute countries. editor, The Humanist. of Technology; auth<>r, "State Politics In In­ "Experience shows that when human rights Lash, Joseph P., author. dia." are suppressed anywhere, and that the longer Lerner, Max, author. Wilkins, Roy, executive director, National they are suppressed the longer it takes to Levi, Dr. Werner, professor of history, Uni­ Association for the Advancement of Colored restore them. We therefore call for the res­ versity of Hawaii. People. toration of these rights in India." Lifton, Betty Jean, writer. Willard, Marian, gallery director. Wofford, Clare, eo-author, "India Afire.." SIGNERS LISTED Lifton, Dr. Robert Jay, professor of psy­ chiatry, Yale University. Wofford, Harris, president, Bryn Mawr Col- Those who signed the appeal are: Loeb, James, former U.S. Ambassador to lege. Ashe, Arthur Jr., tennis champion. Peru and Guinea. Wriggens, Dr. W. Howard, professor of po­ Baez, Joan, pacifist, folk singer. Luria, Salvador E., Nobel laureate in medi­ litical science, Columbia University. Baldwin, Roger N., honorary president, In­ cine 1969 and institute professor at Massa­ Wurf, Jerry, president, American Federa­ ternational League for the Rights of Man. chusetts Institute of Technology. tion of State, County and Municipal Employ­ Barth, Alan, author, "The Price of Liberty." Marriott, Dr. McKim, professor of anthro­ ees. Bell, Dr. Daniel, professor of sociology, pology and social sciences, University of Chi­ Harvard University. cago; editor, "Villag~ India." Celler, Emanuel, former chairman, Judi­ McNickle, Dr. D'Atcy, Director, Center f<>r ciary Committee, House of Representatives; American Indian History, Newberry Library, FOOD DAY 1976 author of India Immigration and Naturali­ Chicago. zation Act. Mehta, Ved, author, "Portrait of India." ChoiUSky, Dr. Noam, professor of modern Morris, Dr. Ivan, professor of Japanese, Co­ languages and linguistics, Massachusetts In­ lumbia University; chairman, Amnesty Inter­ HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL stitute of Technology. national (U.S.A.). OF NEW YORK Clark, RaiUSey, former Attorney General of Mumford, LeWis, author. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the United States. Noguchi, .Isamu, sculptor. Cohen, Dr. BernardS., professor of anthro­ Norman, Dorothy, editor, "Nehru-The Thursday, March 18, 1976 pology, University of Chicago. First 60 Years." Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, 36 of Day, Dorothy, co-founder of The Catholic O'Hare, Joseph A., S.J., editor-in-chief, Worker. America. our colleagues are joinin~ me today to Dumpson, James R., former president, Na­ Park, Dr. Richard L., professor of political introduce legislation to declare April 8 tional Conference on Social Welfare and for­ science, University of Michigan; author, "In­ as National Food Day 1976. Our aim is to mer Human Resources Administrator, New dia's Political System." mobilize public concern for food policies York City. Patron, Margaret, former India correspond­ and healthful eating habits. Eckaus, Dr. Richard s., professor of eco­ ent, The New York Herald Tribune; author, We can no longer afford to take food nomics, Massachusetts Institute of Tech­ "The Leaf and the Flame." for granted. Our once great food sur­ nology. Pauling, Dr. Linus C., Nobel laureate in pluses have all but disappeared. Now we Eckaus, Risha, artist. chemistry, 1954; Nobel Peace Prize, 1962. Ellison, Ralph, author, teacher. Peretz, Martin, editor, The New Republic. have sharp controversy over food prices, Fairbank, Dr. John K., professor of history, Pickus, Robert, president, World Without the farm program, food stamps, the mid­ Harvard University. War Council. dleman's share of the food dollar, occa­ Farmer, James, founder, CORE, Freedom Plastrik, Dr. Stanley, professor of history, sional food shortages, and nutritional Ride, 1961. City University of New York. programs for children and the elderly. Frankel, Dr. Charles, professor philosophy Power, Dr. Paul F., professor of political For other countries, the problem is not so and public affairs, Columbia University. science, University of Cincinnati; editor and much one of cost or quality, but rather Frankel, Francine, associate professor of co-author, "Meanings of Gandhi." political science, University of Pennsylvania, Randolph, A. Philip, retired president, availability. They must contend with author of "India's Green Revolution." Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and the chronic threat of starvation and Franklin, George S. Jr., foreign policy or­ former vice president of the A.F.L.-C.I.O. famine. ganization official. Reich, Charles A., author; professor, Yale Last year thousands of Americans ob­ Freemantle, Anne, writer. Law School. served "Food Day" on April 17. Many Gardner, Dr. Richard N., professor of law Roche, Dr. John P., professor of civilization and foreign affairs, Fletcher School of Law special activities were organized, rang­ and International Relations, Columbia Uni­ ing from a nationwide television show to versity and former Assistant Secr~tary o-r and Diplomacy. State for International Organizations. Rose, Dr. Leo, professor of political science, teach-ins at colleges and high schools. Ginsberg, Allen, poet. University of California, Berkeley. Millions of people in the United States Grant, Frances R., secretary general, Inter­ Rosenthal, Dr. Donald, professor of pollti­ and around the world suffer from hunger American Association for Democracy and cal science, State University of New York and malnutrition. The goal of insuring Freedom. at Buffalo. Harrington, the Rev. Donald Szantho, sen­ Rukeyser, Muriel, poet; president of Amer­ that everyone is well fed is one we can all ior minister, Community Church, N.Y. ican P.E.N. share. Food Day 1976 will be a day for cit- March 22, 1976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7283 izen groups to make their voices heard Holtzman, Bon. Edward I. Koch, Hon. John 'adverse weather conditions, a.nd other factors and to learn about hunger, the relation­ .J. La. Fa.lce, Ron. Matthew F. McHugh, Ron. have led to record high food prices in the ship between the food we eat and our Andrew Maguire, Hon. Romano L. Ma.zzoliJ United States; and health, and who controls our food Bon. Pa.rren J . .Mitchell. Whereas the diets of tens of millions of Hon. Henry J. Nowak, Hon. Ri~hard L. Ot­ Americans lead to serious health problems; policies. tinger, Hon. Jerry M. Patterson, .Bon. Edward and Food Day activities are planned in W. Pattison, Han. Peter A. Peyser, Hon. Fred­ ~ereas changes in agricultural practices communities throughout the Nation. erick W.Richmond,.Hon. Peter W. Rodino, Jr. are threatening the survival of sman family These are being organized by a coali­ Jr. farmers; and tion uf citizens groups coordinated by the Hon. Benjamin S. Rosenthal, Hon. Gladys Whereas a broad eoalition of citizen groups Center for Science in the Public Inter-est. Noon Spellman, Hon. Paul E. Tsongas, Hon. and concerned individuals have designated Henry A. Waxman, Hon. James Weaver, Hon. April 8, 1976, a national day of action to Sponsors of the Food Day resolution Andrew Young. develop a. food policy aimed at assisting needy are: nations, reducing food prices, improving the LIST OF SPONSORS Text of the resolution follows: quality of the American diet, and insuring Hon. Bella. S. Abzug, Hon. Herman Badillo, H. J. REs. 877 the livelihood of the family farmer: Now, Bon. Edward P. Boland, Hon. George E. Joint resolution designating April 8, 1976, therefore, be it Brown, Jr., Hon, Yvonne Brathwaite Burke, as National Food Day Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep­ Hon. James C. Corman, Hon. Christopher J. Whereas foods shortages have resulted in resentatives of the United States of America Dodd, Hon. Thomas J. Downey. in Congress assembled, That Aprtl B~ 1976, is Hon. Robert F. Drinan, Hon. Robert Dun­ massive hunger and starvation in m&ny na­ tions; 'S.nd designated as ''National Food. Day", and the can, Hon. Pierre S. duPont, Hon. Robert W. President is authorized and requested to is­ Edgar, Hon. Don Edwards, Hon. Donald M. Whereas malnutrition is a fact of life for sue a proclamation to promote public in­ Fraser, Hon. Micha-el Harrington, Hon. Au­ millions of Americans: particularly the poor volvement in developing a national policy gustus F. Hawkins. a.nd the elderly; a.nd guided by the needs of people, both in the Hon. Philip H. Hayes, .Hon. Elizabeth Whereas inflation, shortages of fertilizer, United states and .&broad.

SENATE-Monday~ March 22, 1976

The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian Mr. HUGH SCOTT thereupon took the NATIONAL COUNCIL QN EDUCA­ and w.as called to order by Hon. HuGH chair as Acting President pm tempore. TIONAL RESEARCH ScoTT, a Senator from the State of Penn­ sylvania. The second assistant legislative clerk THE JOURNAL proceeded to read sundry nominations in the National Council on Educational Re­ PB.AYER Mr. MMTSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask search. unanimous consent that the reading of The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward Mr. MANSF.IELD. Mr. Pxesident, l.ask L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following the Journal of the proceedings of Thurs­ day. March 18. 1976, be dispensed with. unanimous consent that the nominations prayer: be considered en bloe. The PRESIDlNG OFFICER ~Mr. CUL­ The PRESIDlNG OFFICER. Without Hear the wm·ds of the Apostle Paul in VER) • Without objection. it is so ordered. his first letter to the Corinthians: objection. the nominations ar~ consid­ Watch ye, stand fast in the faith, quit ered and confirmed en bloc. you like men, 1Je strong.-I Corinthians WAIVER OF CALL OF THE Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I Te­ 16: 13. CALENDAR quest that the President be notified of the confirmation of these nominations. 0 Lord, our God. we thank Thee for Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without men strong in the faith, who persevered unanimous consent that the call of the obleetion, it is so ordered. through strain and pain, to reclaim their legislative calendar. under rule VIII, ancient rights and establish a republic be dispensed with. under God. Help us to live in our age as The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without they lived in theirs, to spend and be objection, it is so ordered. LEGISLATIVE SESSION spent in service to others. Show us not Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. PI·esident, I the wa;y back to th-e life which once we move that the Senate resume the con­ knew, but lead us forward to the new COMMITTEE MEETINGS DURING sideration of legislative business. life we never yet have known. Move us to SENATE SESSION The motion was agreed to, and the a deeper faith in Thee, that guided by Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President. I ask Senate resumed the consideration of leg­ Thy wisdom and strengthened by Thy unanimous consent that an committees islative business. might, we may secure the blessings of may be authorized to meet during the liberty to ourselves and our posterity, session of the Senate today. and herald the coming of Thy kingdom. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Wll-IDS OF CHANGE IN THAILAND Through Him who is Lord of Life. objection, it is so ordered. Amen. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, ac­ cording to press reports the United States EXECUTIVE SESSION has baited operations at its remaining APPOINTMENT OF ACTING PRESI­ bases in Thailand and will pull out in 4 Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask months liDless the Premier changes his DENT PRO TEMPORE unanimous consent that the Senate go mind after the April4 election. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk into executive session to consider nomi­ The indications are that because of will please read a communication to the nations on the calendar beginning with disagreement between the Thai Govern­ Senate fr<>m the Pr€sident pro tempore the Civil Aeronautics Board. ment and the U.S. negotiators with­ (Mr. EASTLAND) • There being no objection, the Senate drawal of 4,000 U.S. military personnel The legislative clerk read the follow­ proceeded to the consideration of execu­ will be speeded up. As a result, electronic ing letter: tive business. listening stations will close as well as an U.S. SENATE, air base used to refuel U.S. planes -on long PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, flights. Washingtcm, D.C., March 22, 1976. CIVIL AERONAUTICS BOARD To the Senate: Only 250 U.S. advisers will stay on Being temporarily absent from the Senate The second assistant legislative clerk after July 20, if the 4 months is used up. on official duties, I appoint Hon. HuGH ScoTT, read the nomination of R. Tenney John­ A bomb tossed amidst Thai demon­ a Senator from the State of Pennsylvania, to son, of Maryland, to be a member of the strators at the U.S. Embassy killed four perform the duties of the Chair during my Civil Aet·onautics .Board. and wounded a number of others. absence. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Mr. President, it was my privil-ege and JAMES 0. EAsTLAND, objection, the nomination is considered responsibility to make a trip to South­ President pro tempore. and confirmed. east Asia last August. It was embodied