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Milestones of Research Conducted in the Department of Agricultural Biology

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Milestones of Research Conducted in the Department of Agricultural Biology DECADES OF RESEARCH FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY OF PERADENIYA VOLUME II (2009 – 2018) Faculty of Agriculture University of Peradeniya Peradeniya Sri Lanka 2018 i Copyright @2018, Faculty of Agriculture University of Peradeniya ISBN number ISBN 978-955-589-269-8 Faculty Research Committee (2016-2018) Faculty of Agriculture Prof. G.L.L.P. Silva (Chairperson) Dr. V.A.U. Vitharana (Secretary) Prof. R.M.C.P. Rajapakshe Prof. W.A.J.M. de Costa Dr. Hemal Fonseka (External member) Head/ Department of Agricultural Biology Head/ Department of Agricultural Economics & Business Management Head/ Department of Agricultural Engineering Head/ Department of Agricultural Extension Head/ Department of Animal Science Head/ Department of Crop Science Head/ Department of Food Science & Technology Head/ Department of Soil Science Publisher Faculty of Agriculture University of Peradeniya Website www.pdn.ac.lk/agri Email [email protected] Phone: +94 812 395010 +94 812 395011 Facsimile +94 812 388041 ii Foreword The Faculty of Agriculture of University of Peradeniya takes the initiative to keep records of its achievements and also the contribution it makes to the agriculture sector. The seventy years long journey of the Faculty of Agriculture in the education arena has passed several milestones and those efforts have been well documented. In parallel to those, the role that academics played in creating a research culture within the Faculty is enormous. The Faculty published the highlights of its major research findings for the period of the first 60 years of existence as the Volume I of this compilation. This book is the continuation of the attempt the faculty took in the past to keep a record of its contribution to the national agriculture research system in order to uplift the agriculture production of the country. The major research highlights during the past decade are presented in this compilation under the study areas of each department. During the compilation of the research conducted by different departments of study, it was also noted that there were several multi-disciplinary studies that have been conducted, which spans across departments. The Faculty Research Committee (FRC) took every effort to produce this compilation in parallel to the first volume of research compilation covering research activities during the last ten years, which is the 7th decade of existence and the research culture created by the faculty. Preparation of this compilation was a collective effort which was taken as a challenge by the FRC. It was also decided to complete the task as one of the many events organized to mark the 70th anniversary of the Faculty of Agriculture. Completion of this task is an effort of many. The FRC wishes to acknowledge Prof. D.K.N.G. Pushpakumara, the Dean, Faculty of Agriculture for his guidance and encouragement in this endeavor, Prof R.O Thattil, Emeritus Professor of the University of Peradeniya for accepting to go through the final draft of the report and also the Research Development and Ethical Review Sub-Committee of the Faculty of Agriculture in the year 2008 for initiation of compilation of research done by academic staff of the Faculty. Cover design done by Mr Ajith Angammana of the Faculty of Agriculture is greatly appreciated. Faculty Research Committee (FRC) – 2016-2018 Faculty of Agriculture i Message from the Dean of Faculty of Agriculture I take pleasure and pride in sending this message on the occasion of celebrating 70 years of University education in agriculture in Sri Lanka, an event that only the Faculty of Agriculture at University of Peradeniya can celebrate. The Faculty evolved to offer three degree programs, namely B.Sc. Agricultural Technology and Management (B.Sc. AgTech&Mgt) the B.Sc. Food Science and Technology (B.Sc. FST) and B.Sc. Animal Science and Fisheries (B.Sc. AS&F) degrees with the expansion of its research culture. Documenting the historical development of the Faculty has led to two volumes of publications “Decades of Research, Faculty of Agriculture University of Peradeniya” Volumn1 and 2, compiling the outstanding research activities carried out by the Faculty during the past 70 years. The volume 2 of the compilation highlight the achievement of the most recent decade of research. Research is one of the components of academic culture and it plays an important role in a career of academia. However, being the pioneer in agriculture higher education the Faculty of Agriculture considers it as a prime duty to demonstrate how the research work carried out by the Faculty has contributed to the agriculture sector in particular and to the society and to the nation in large. Being a country with the primary focus on an agricultural economy, Sri Lanka has invested significantly on improving university education in agriculture. The returns to this investment have not only been in the form of producing high quality graduates who are undoubtedly all-rounders meeting any challenge in the society, we have also come up with innovations. Well-thought out research programs, financially supported by national and international granting agencies, have led to this success, especially contributing to the economic development of the country. Documentation of the recent decade of research is to create awareness among all stakeholders in the society of our achievements as research outcomes during a period of 2009-2018. The Volume 1 of this document expounded the six decades of the research achievements of the Faculty which has come a long way, providing enough substance through research that have benefitted the country at large. This publication is another feather in our cap, where we have documented the research outcomes with confidence and will prove the society how the stage has been set over the past seven decades to support the agricultural development in the future. Prof. D.K.N.G. Pushpakumara Dean/Faculty of Agriculture October 2018 ii Table of Contents Foreword i Message from the Dean of Faculty of Agriculture ii Table of contents Iii Chapter 1 Research conducted by Department of Agricultural Biology 1 Chapter 2 Research conducted by Department of Agricultural Economics and 5 Business Management Chapter 3 Research conducted by Department of Agricultural Engineering 15 Chapter 4 Research conducted by Department of Agricultural Extension 27 Chapter 5 Research conducted by Department of Animal Science 37 Chapter 6 Research conducted by Department of Crop Science 57 Chapter 7 Research conducted by Department of Food Science 69 Chapter 8 Research conducted by Department of Soil Science 85 iii iv CHAPTER : RESEARCH CONDUCTED BY Compiled by Prof. (Ms) D.M. De Costa Introduction The wealth of research earned by the academia of the Department of Agricultural Biology, over a period of six decades, ranging from 1948 – 2008, has been elaborated in volume 1, published in 2008. As a department, the research we conduct span over a wide range of disciplines, namely Entomology, Genetics and Plant Breeding, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Plant Physiology and Plant Systematics. Over the past decade, the research conducted by the Department of Agricultural Biology had several striking features that can be identified. It is clearly evident that, in addition to the research on conventional aspects of the above disciplines, a great contribution has been made by the academia of the Department to conduct research based on environmentally-friendly approaches and molecular strategies in solving current issues related to Agriculture and allied fields of study. Insect Pest Management Research on biological control has been conducted with egg parasitoids and predatory insects which are indigenous to Sri Lanka against a series of economically- significant insect pests namely, rice leaf folder, cabbage caterpillar complex and several other vegetable pests for which synthetic pesticides are applied heavily. In addition to identification of the biological control agents, the efficacy of the biological control agents and mass rearing techniques of the potential parasitoids has been investigated. Moreover, research has been focused on determination of species diversity of several pests (mealybugs, scale insects, fruitflies) which are considered as emerging threats to present day agriculture in Sri Lanka. Exploration of potential biological control agents from the plant microbiome for the management of diseases of major annual and perennial crops, development of formulated products from promising indigenous microbial antagonists, use of generally-regarded as safe compounds (non-pesticidal chemicals) to induce host 1 plant resistance, elucidation of the underlying mechanisms in defense responses by the plants when treated exogenously with non-pesticidal chemicals and biopesticides are some of the research conducted by focusing on environmentally- friendly approaches for plant disease management. Genomics, Transcriptomics, Proteomics and Metabolomics As a department, during the past ten years, a reasonable number of research work has been geared towards several trendy areas in the fields of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. Some of the research conducted by the academic members of the department, related to ‘omics’ include exploration of gene expression profiles in plants under the influence of biotic and abiotic stress factors, regulation of genes in plants at organ level during biosynthetic/biochemical pathways, genetic mapping and development of molecular markers in rice and
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