DOCSLIB.ORG

Domestic Georgic from Rabelais to Milton by Katherine Kadue A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Domestic Georgic from Rabelais to Milton by Katherine Kadue A Domestic Georgic from Rabelais to Milton by Katherine Kadue A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Comparative Literature in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Timothy Hampton, Co-chair Professor Joanna Picciotto, Co-chair Professor Victoria Kahn Professor Anne-Lise François Professor Jeffrey Knapp Spring 2017 Abstract Domestic Georgic from Rabelais to Milton by Katherine Kadue Doctor of Philosophy in Comparative Literature University of California, Berkeley Professor Timothy Hampton, Co-chair, and Professor Joanna Picciotto, Co-chair This dissertation uncovers the unexpected affinity of major early modern literary figures for the minor, incremental operations of preservation, maintenance, and what could be broadly construed as housekeeping. Reading male-authored literary works alongside domestic manuals and recipe manuscripts, many of which were written by or for women, I show how canonical early modern texts shared the primary concern of home and garden maintenance: the necessity of constant, almost invisible labor in order to keep the things of the world—perishable material, fragile bodies, precarious real and virtual communities—intact. When scholars ignore authors’ persistent comparisons of their own work to small-scale acts of domestic preservation, they pass over a still- viable possibility that I bring into focus: the conception of literary labor not as a desperate striving for originality, fame, and a starring role in a narrative of progress, but as a form of maintenance work that aims at preserving individual and collective life. This maintenance work falls under the category of, though it is rarely recognized as, georgic: the (agri)cultural topos whose early modern resurgence is usually associated with the heroically laborious advancement of learning, the forwarding of foundational national mythologies, and groundbreaking formal innovation. Authors working both within and aslant of the georgic tradition, I show, denaturalize the conflation of cultivation and progress by situating their work in domestic spaces and practices where preservation, not progress, is the provisional goal. For Erasmus and François Rabelais, humanist education is less about the forward march of knowledge than the maintenance of texts, bodies, and communities; for Joachim Du Bellay, tending to the French garden of letters yields only invisible or uncertain results. For authors writing in the midst or wake of civil war—Michel de Montaigne, Andrew Marvell, and John Milton—domestic georgic intellectual labor becomes a mode of precarious individual and collective survival, rather than of certain improvement. The first half of this dissertation recasts the heroes of humanism as housewives at heart. Reading Erasmus’s commentary on his own scholarly labors alongside one of the most influential accounts of labor in the twentieth century, that of Hannah Arendt, I suggest that the humanist condition— the drive to preserve the classical tradition through active means—is, in practice, housewifery. My chapters on Rabelais and Du Bellay locate deep concerns about the fragility of culture and community at the heart of the French authors most associated with celebratory textual excess and robust linguistic fertility programs. In the second half, I shift from the shaky beginnings of national cohesion to the context of civil war, where collective precarity was even more apparent, and where the maintenance work that animates Virgil’s Georgics—a poem also written with civil war in the 1 background—became even more urgent. I argue that Montaigne, Marvell, and Milton respond to political degeneration by redefining progress and reproduction as minor, cyclical, metabolic repair, whether of the self, the family, or the Christian community. I trace the domestic georgic mode through sixteenth-century France and seventeenth-century England through close stylistic analysis. Through an attention to small-scale textual patterns like parenthetical interruption, self-correction, and repetition, as well as to thematic concerns with small- scale acts of domestic preservation, I recover overlooked attitudes about “unproductive” labor and non-linear progress in the works of the early modern authors often credited with industriously ushering in modernity. By revealing male authors’ deep identifications with menial labors that were and are often relegated to “women’s work,” my project exposes a genealogy from the glorified texts of Renaissance humanism to the insufficiently valued intellectual labor of today. In academia and online, performed by manuscript digitizers and “content providers,” this labor, if visible at all, is often disparaged as mechanical, expendable, or a “labor of love” that should be its own reward. Yet this unseen, unappreciated work makes possible the communities and institutions we claim to value. 2 In memory of my grandmother, Marjorie Moore Kadue, and in appreciation of her economy. i Table of Contents Acknowledgements iii Introduction The Humanist’s Closet Opened 1 I. Garden Variety Humanism 2 II. Humanist Housework 6 III. The Labors of Erasmus 16 Chapter 1 Fixing Rabelais 23 I. Dead Stones: Cultivating Petrification 23 II. Pickled Gaiety: Preserving Alteration 29 III. The Dregs: Laying Up Waste 37 IV. Frozen Food: Reproducing Metabolism 42 Chapter 2 Belaboring Du Bellay 47 I. Oral Exercises: Domesticating Hercules 50 II. Microeconomic Poetics: Exchange without Change 57 III. Yard Maintenance: Hedging on and for the Future 66 Chapter 3 Montaigne in Agitation 73 I. Irritating Humors: Montaigne in Trouble 76 II. Vain Things: Montaigne at Home 81 III. Living Stones: Montaigne in His Kidneys 84 Chapter 4 Marvell in the Meantime 94 I. Nuns Preserving Badly: The Pre-meantime 100 II. Securely Playing, or, Quick Work 103 III. Preservation Restored: The Magna Mater in Training 105 IV. The Green World: Grafting On 108 Chapter 5 Tempering Milton 113 I. Subliming for Survival: Kitchen Georgic in Areopagitica 116 II. Suspending Sublimation: Reformation Georgic in Paradise Lost 121 III. Reproducing the Incarnation: Metabolic Georgic in Paradise Regain’d 131 Works Cited 139 ii Acknowledgements I am grateful to have had a dissertation committee that has both sustained and altered my thinking so deeply. Timothy Hampton first brought me into the early modern world where I have now been pickling for some years. His course on Pléiade poetry my first semester of graduate school was the petri dish where this dissertation’s central questions began to culture. I thank him for seeing in my work the potential and the pitfalls that have been invisible to me, for a parenthetical remark about Rabelais’s parentheses that became profoundly important to my thinking, and for always reading me à bien. Joanna Picciotto has given me an inimitable example of an experimentalist ethos and the intellectual laborer’s vocation that I nonetheless hope to imitate. Her generosity, her humor, and her urgency make working with her a paradise, and her commitment to the infinite conversation of intellectual life has made me feel privileged to be in that conversation with her, along with all its other living and dead participants. I hope we never stop talking. I am thankful that Victoria Kahn took up the task of reminding me to come up for air from my close readings and consider larger stakes, both of this dissertation and of my intellectual commitments in general. She helped me find precision and direction not only with her incisive comments on my drafts but also with her suggestions for conceptualizing a project that has at times felt too much like a housewife’s diverse fleeces; I owe the georgic framing of the dissertation to her. It was in the silent interstices of a seminar with Anne-Lise François that I began to think about what unrealized potential could and couldn’t do. I often discover her ideas within my own, just sitting there like open secrets, their assimilation forgotten and remembered only by anamnesis. The conversations I imagine between her and Joanna about pastoral, progress, and improvement have seasoned this dissertation’s brine; those conversations are ongoing. Jeffrey Knapp has provided thoughtful feedback and asked difficult questions that have forced me to refine conceptual frameworks that were petrified in all the wrong ways. He has challenged me to live up to the ideals of tempering to which I subscribe. I was lucky to have intensely supportive teachers before Berkeley, especially Barry McCrea, whose curiosity and kindness have made me a better thinker and a better teacher. Teaching at Berkeley and through the Prison University Project at San Quentin State Prison, I have felt more supported than my students will know by the communities we made and maintained in the classrooms of writing and language courses. My students, and the incremental labor we did together, helped me experience collective thinking in ways both minor and meaningful, even or especially when we were working in less than ideal conditions. I have received material support from Berkeley with a dissertation fellowship from the Townsend Humanities Center, where I benefitted from sharing my work on Rabelais. I also benefitted from feedback on an early iteration of my Milton chapter in a seminar on the topic of nature sponsored by the Townsend in 2012. The Mellon Foundation’s summer institutes in paleography with Marc Smith and Heather Wolfe allowed me to develop a more intimate
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Renaissance Receptions of Ovid's Tristia Dissertation
    RENAISSANCE RECEPTIONS OF OVID’S TRISTIA DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Gabriel Fuchs, M.A. Graduate Program in Greek and Latin The Ohio State University 2013 Dissertation Committee: Frank T. Coulson, Advisor Benjamin Acosta-Hughes Tom Hawkins Copyright by Gabriel Fuchs 2013 ABSTRACT This study examines two facets of the reception of Ovid’s Tristia in the 16th century: its commentary tradition and its adaptation by Latin poets. It lays the groundwork for a more comprehensive study of the Renaissance reception of the Tristia by providing a scholarly platform where there was none before (particularly with regard to the unedited, unpublished commentary tradition), and offers literary case studies of poetic postscripts to Ovid’s Tristia in order to explore the wider impact of Ovid’s exilic imaginary in 16th-century Europe. After a brief introduction, the second chapter introduces the three major commentaries on the Tristia printed in the Renaissance: those of Bartolomaeus Merula (published 1499, Venice), Veit Amerbach (1549, Basel), and Hecules Ciofanus (1581, Antwerp) and analyzes their various contexts, styles, and approaches to the text. The third chapter shows the commentators at work, presenting a more focused look at how these commentators apply their differing methods to the same selection of the Tristia, namely Book 2. These two chapters combine to demonstrate how commentary on the Tristia developed over the course of the 16th century: it begins from an encyclopedic approach, becomes focused on rhetoric, and is later aimed at textual criticism, presenting a trajectory that ii becomes increasingly focused and philological.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Triangulating Rome: Du Bellay, Spenser, and the Fantasy Of
    Triangulating Rome: Du Bellay, Spenser, and the Fantasy of Perspective Timothy Duffy New York University [email protected] For Renaissance writers and thinkers, to be a humanist and devout Christian demanded a particular strategy for contemplating the past, present, and future. The triad of the Roman pagan past, the current state of Christian Europe, and the eschatological future of one’s soul all had to be negotiated. Petrarch, the first major Christian humanist, performs this negotiation as he describes an encounter with Rome in the Canzoniere.1 The poem shifts between the past, the Christian destiny of the soul, and the temptations of the present: L’aspetto sacro de la terra vostra Mi fa del mal passato tragger guai Gridando : ‘Sta’su, misero, che fai?’ Et la via de salir al ciel mi mostra. [The holy sight of your city makes me bewail my evil past, crying: ‘Get up, wretch! What are you doing?’ and shows me the way to mount to Heaven.’] (Canzoniere 68, 1-4)2 1 Petrarch serves a unique role in the history of Renaissance philosophies of time and the past. As Peter Burke argues, ‘He reveres the ancients—as men, not as magicians; and is acutely aware of the difference between their age and his own. He would have liked to have lived in Augustan Rome’, The Renaissance Sense of the Past (New York: St Martin’s Press, 1969), p. 21. Petrarch’s Familiares reveal a man eager to have personal conversations with Cicero, Horace, and others (see Fam. XXIV, 10) and who is aware that he is in a different age and time than that of classical antiquity.
    [Show full text]
  • Joachim Du Bellay, Rome and Renaissance France
    WRITING IN EXILE: JOACHIM DU BELLAY, ROME AND RENAISSANCE FRANCE G. HUGO TUCKER* INTRODUCTION: ANAMORPHOSIS—THE JOURNEY TO ROME La donq', Francoys, marchez couraigeusement vers cete superbe cité Romaine: & des serves dépouilles d'elle (comme vous avez fait plus d'une fois) ornez voz temples & autelz. (Du Bellay, Deffence, 'Conclusion') In his essay of 1872 on Joachim Du Bellay (c. 1523-60) the aesthetic critic, and Oxford Classics don Walter Pater wrote of the French Renaissance poet's journey to Rome and celebrated stay there (1553-57) in the service of his kinsman the Cardinal Jean Du Bellay: ... that journey to Italy, which he deplored as the greatest misfortune of his life, put him in full possession of his talent, and brought out all his originality.1 Pater's judgment here was at once both very right and very wrong. Wrong firstly, because Pater seems to have been thinking of Du Bellay more or less exclusively as the author of the Roman sonnet collection Les Regrets (January 1558), in order to ascribe to him, somewhat anachronistically, an originality derived directly from intense autobiographical experience and manifested artistically in an aesthetic of enhanced sincerity and spontaneity. No doubt he was encouraged, as the Parisian readership of 1558 might have been, by Du Bellay's ambiguous presentation of this elegiac and satirical sonnet sequence as a kind of disillusioned journal de voyage to Rome (and back) under the further guise of Ovidian exile. Yet this was also to underestimate the importance and diverse nature of Du Bellay's three other, generically very different, major Roman collections published in Paris on his return: in French, his Divers Jeux rustiques (January 1558) and grandiose Antiqui- tez de Rome ..
    [Show full text]
  • Passeth the Cran'brry Sauce: the Medieval Origins of Thanksgiving
    University of the Pacific Scholarly Commons College of the Pacific aF culty Articles All Faculty Scholarship 11-25-2015 Passeth the Cran’brry Sauce: The edievM al Origins of Thanksgiving Ken Albala University of the Pacific, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/cop-facarticles Part of the Food Security Commons, History Commons, and the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Albala, K. (2015). Passeth the Cran’brry Sauce: The eM dieval Origins of Thanksgiving. The Conversation, , https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/cop-facarticles/63 This News Article is brought to you for free and open access by the All Faculty Scholarship at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of the Pacific aF culty Articles by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Passeth the cranb'rry sauce! The medieval origins of Thanksgiving https://theconversation.com/passeth-the-cranbrry-sauce-the-medieval-ori... Academic rigor, journalistic flair November 25, 2015 1.31pm EST Dutch painter Pieter Claesz’s Still Life with Turkey Pie (1627) features a cooked turkey that’s been placed back inside its original skin, feathers and all. Wikimedia Commons How and why did the dishes served at Thanksgiving dinner come to be so fixed? Author Many assume that most of them were simply eaten by the Pilgrims during the first Thanksgiving. For this reason, they continue to be eaten today. And it’s true that most of the ingredients are American in origin: the turkey, cranberries, pumpkin, sweet potatoes – Ken Albala even the green beans in the casserole and the pecans in the pie.
    [Show full text]
  • María José Rodríguez-Salgado «NO GREAT GLORY in CHASING A
    María José Rodríguez-Salgado «NO GREAT GLORY IN CHASING A PIRATE». THE MANIPULATION OF NEWS DURING THE 1535 TUNIS CAMPAIGN DOI 10.19229/1828-230X/4972020 ABSTRACT: Charles V’s conquest of Tunis in 1535 remains one of the best known incidents of his reign. It played a key role in the projection of a positive image of the emperor as an idealistic crusader. The propaganda has obscured how the event was understood at the time. This article examines the tactics used to control and manipulate information, both on the part of the emperor and, in particular, by the French and English courts. It traces the strategy of secrecy and misinformation used by the imperial chancelry during the preparations for the campaign, and the emperor’s extraordinary efforts to control information in 1535. Why this failed and how the French and English courts responded to these events takes up much of this study, which sets out the varied tactics used by these Christian monarchs to deprive the emperor of publicity. A fascinating example of how news manipulation and falsification as well as propaganda shaped world politics then as much as they do now. KEYWORDS: Tunis 1535, Charles V, Barbarossa, Henry VIII, Francis I, control and manipulation of news, propaganda. «NON VI È GRANDE GLORIA NELL'INSEGUIRE UN PIRATA». LA MANIPOLAZIONE DELLE NOTIZIE DURANTE LA CAMPAGNA DI TUNISI DEL 1535 SOMMARIO: La conquista di Tunisi da parte di Carlo V nel 1535 è stata spesso trattata come un avvenimento epico, uno degli episodi più noti del suo regno. Tale conquista, infatti, giocò un ruolo fondamentale nella costruzione e diffusione di un'immagine positiva dell'imperatore in quanto prototipo ideale del cavaliere crociato.
    [Show full text]
  • Eighteenth-Century Manuscript Medical Recipe Collections
    DOCTORAL THESIS The Role of Domestic Knowledge in an Era of Professionalisation: Eighteenth-Century Manuscript Medical Recipe Collections Osborn , Sally Ann Award date: 2016 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 01. Oct. 2021 The Role of Domestic Knowledge in an Era of Professionalisation: Eighteenth-Century Manuscript Medical Recipe Collections by Sally Ann Osborn BA, MA A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD Department of Humanities University of Roehampton 2015 2 3 Abstract Manuscript recipe books come in all shapes and sizes and run from tens to hundreds of pages. Those from the eighteenth century are not exclusively culinary, also incorporating medical, veterinary and household recipes. Surviving examples are almost all from genteel or elite households, the people who had time and resources to create them, and are preserved in local archives or dedicated collections.
    [Show full text]
  • Lettres Écrites D'italie
    PUBLICATION DE LA SOCIÉTÉ DES ÉTUDES RABELAISIENNES LETTRES ÉCRITES D’ITALIE PAR FRANÇOIS RABELAIS (Décembre 1535-Février 1536) NOUVELLE ÉDITION CRITIQUE, AVEC UNE INTRODUCTION, DES NOTES ET UN APPENDICE PAR V.-L. BOURRILLY PARIS HONORÉ CHAMPION LIBRAIRE DE LA SOCIÉTÉ DES ETUDES RABELAISIENNES 5, QUAI MALAQUAIS 1910 LETTRES ÉCRITES D’ITALIE PAR FRANÇOIS RABELAIS (Décembre 1535-Février 1536) PUBLICATION DE LA SOCIÉTÉ DES ÉTUDES RABELAISIENNES .... ----------- LETTRES ÉCRITES D’ITALIE PAR FRANÇOIS RABELAIS (Décembre 1535-F évrier- 1 536) NOUVELLE ÉDITION CRITIQUE, AVEC UNE INTRODUCTION, DES NOTES ET UN APPENDICE PAR V.-L. BOURRILLY PARIS HONORÉ CHAMPION L1BRAIRE DE LA SOCIÉTÉ DES ÉTUDES RABELAISIENNES 5, QUAI MALAQUAIS I9IO CETTE ÉDITION A ÉTÉ PUBLIÉE AUX FRAIS DE LA DONATION PEYRAT FAITE AU COLLÈGE DE FRANCE PAR MADAME LA MARQUISE ARCONATI VISCONTI INTRODUCTION I. C’est en compagnie de Jean du Bellay que Rabelais est allé en Italie et qu’à trois reprises il a séjourné à Rome. Il n’entre pas dans notre sujet de rechercher les origines, d’ailleurs obs­ cures et, semble-t-il, assez lointaines des relations de Rabe­ lais avec l’évêque de Paris. Nous nous contenterons d’observer que très probablement ces relations avaient déjà commencé lorsque Rabelais vint au printemps de 15 3 2 se fixer à Lyon et qu’il fut nommé, le 1er novembre de cette même année, médecin à l’hôpital de cette ville, aux appointements de 40 livres par an. Dans le courant de l’année 15 3 3 , Jean du Bellay et notre médecin purent se rencontrer plusieurs fois, car le premier fit à Lyon trois séjours d’inégale durée.
    [Show full text]
  • Ěğ Ůă Žƌƌğɛɖžŷěăŷđğ Ěƶ Đăƌěŝŷăů :Ğăŷ Ƶ Ğůůălj
    /Ey'EZ> ĚĞůĂ ŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĂŶĐĞĚƵĐĂƌĚŝŶĂů:ĞĂŶƵĞůůĂLJ ;ϭϱϮϳͲϭϱϲϬͿ ƉƵďůŝĠĞĚĞ ϭϵϬϱăϮϬϭϳ >͛ŝŶĚĞdžĐƵŵƵůĂƚŝĨĐŝͲũŽŝŶƚĐŽƵǀƌĞů͛ĞŶƐĞŵďůĞĚĞůĂƉƵďůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶĚĞůĂŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĂŶĐĞĚĞ:ĞĂŶƵ ĞůůĂLJ͕ĚƵƉƌĞŵŝĞƌǀŽůƵŵĞƉƵďůŝĠĞŶϭϵϬϱƉĂƌŽƵƌƌŝůůLJĞƚsĂŝƐƐŝğƌĞ;sͿũƵƐƋƵ͛ĂƵƚŽŵĞs// ƉƵďůŝĠƐŽƵƐůĂĚŝƌĞĐƚŝŽŶĚĞ>ŽƌŝƐWĞƚƌŝƐĞƚZĠŵLJ^ĐŚĞƵƌĞƌĞŶϮϬϭϳƉĂƌůĂ^ŽĐŝĠƚĠĚĞů͛,ŝƐƚŽŝƌĞ ĚĞ&ƌĂŶĐĞ͘ƵƚŽŵĞ///ĂƵƚŽŵĞs//͕ĐĞƚƚĞƉƵďůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶĂĠƚĠĨŝŶĂŶĐĠĞƉĂƌůĞ&ŽŶĚƐŶĂƚŝŽŶĂů ƐƵŝƐƐĞĚĞůĂƌĞĐŚĞƌĐŚĞƐĐŝĞŶƚŝĨŝƋƵĞ;ǁǁǁ͘ƐŶĨ͘ĐŚͿ͘ ĞƚŝŶĚĞdžĂĠƚĠƉƵďůŝĠăůĂĨŝŶĚƵƚŽŵĞ///͕ƉŽƵƌůĞƌğŐŶĞĚĞ&ƌĂŶĕŽŝƐ/Ğƌ;ƚŽŵĞ///͕WĂƌŝƐ͕^,&͕ ϮϬϬϴ͕Ɖ͘ϱϬϱͲϱϴϴͿĂŝŶƐŝƋƵ͛ăůĂĨŝŶĚƵƚŽŵĞs//͕ƉŽƵƌůĞƌğŐŶĞĚĞ,ĞŶƌŝ//ĞƚƉŽƵƌůĞƐĂĚĚĞŶĚĂ ;ƚŽŵĞs//͕WĂƌŝƐ͕^,&͕ϮϬϭϳ͕Ɖ͘ϰϵϳͲϱϲϵͿ͘ ŶůĞŵĞƚƚĂŶƚăĚŝƐƉŽƐŝƚŝŽŶĚĞůĂĐŽŵŵƵŶĂƵƚĠƐĐŝĞŶƚŝĨŝƋƵĞŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŽŶĂůĞ͕ĂǀĞĐůĂďĂƐĞĚĞ ĚŽŶŶĠĞƐĞƚůĂďŝďůŝŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĞĚŝƐƉŽŶŝďůĞƐƐƵƌǁǁǁ͘ƵŶŝŶĞ͘ĐŚͬũĞĂŶĚƵďĞůůĂLJ͕ŶŽƵƐĞƐƉĠƌŽŶƐġƚƌĞ ƵƚŝůĞƐĂƵdžĐŚĞƌĐŚĞƵƐĞƐĞƚĂƵdžĐŚĞƌĐŚĞƵƌƐĞƚĨĂǀŽƌŝƐĞƌĚĞŶŽƵǀĞůůĞƐĚĠĐŽƵǀĞƌƚĞƐ͘ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚĠĚĞEĞƵĐŚąƚĞů EĞƵĐŚąƚĞů͕ůĞϭϱŶŽǀĞŵďƌĞϮϬϭϳ WƌŽĨ͘>ŽƌŝƐWĞƚƌŝƐ Ξ^,&͕hŶŝEĞƚ&E^ INDEX NOMINUM RÈGNE DE FRANÇOIS Ier L’index s’étend à l’ensemble de la correspondance de Jean du Bellay entre et , jusqu’à son départ pour Rome. Les références à la publication de V.-L. Bourrilly et P. de Vaissière ¹ sont données sans mention de volume. Les références aux trois volumes ensuite publiés par la Société de l’Histoire de France sont précédées des chiffres I, II et III. Les lettres d’authenti- cité douteuse et les ouvrages dédiés à Jean du Bellay n’ont pas été pris en considération. Les noms de personnages étrangers, notamment italiens, qui sont souvent cités sous leur forme francisée dans l’édition et les notes,
    [Show full text]
  • The Social and Cultural Value of the Apple and the Orchard in Victorian England
    The social and cultural value of the apple and the orchard in Victorian England Joanna Crosby A thesis submitted for the degree of Ph.D. Department of History University of Essex Date of submission with corrections – January 2021 (Total word count: 79,840) Joanna Crosby January 2021 Abstract This thesis argues that the apple and the orchard were of greater significance to the Victorians than has been previously realised. This thesis brings together an investigation into the economic value of the apple crop and its associated goods and services, with an exploration of how the apple and the orchard were represented and received in cultural and social constructs. This thesis argues that the economic worth of the apple was greater than the commodity value of the raw crop of apples. That value itself has been underestimated due to the difficulties of calculating the amount of land used for orchards and the profit obtainable. The apple had a wider economic value, helping to expand the sectors of commercial horticulture, domestic gardening and food. Representations of the apple and of orchards drew on Classical landscapes, Christian allegory or the pre-Christian cultures in Europe to give authority to the meanings of an apple placed in a painting. These associations were brought together in the writing about, and the actual performance of, wassailing in the orchards at Christmas. The conclusions state that the economic value of the apple was greater than had been previously thought, and that the network of apple-related trades and livelihoods was extensive. The conclusions from the social and cultural investigation were that the appreciation of the apple was at its height in Victorian England, when the Victorians responded to increasing industrialisation and urban growth by using the apple symbolically to represent values of ‘Englishness’ through an idealised rural past.
    [Show full text]
  • Au Fleuve De Loire’
    ABSTRACT ENVIRONMENTAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN JOACHIM DU BELLAY’S DIVERS JEUX RUSTIQUES AND ‘AU FLEUVE DE LOIRE’ by Masnoon Majeed This thesis, written in English, aims to demonstrate that many of Joachim du Bellay’s poems in Divers jeux rustiques and Vers Lyriques disclose a conscious way of perceiving the environment. A detailed analysis of ‘D’un vanneur de blé aux vents’ reveals how the poem questions the privileging of humans in their relationship with the environment by dismantling the environment-human binary. I examine the symbolism of Roman mythology in ‘À Cérès, À Bacchus et À Pales’ and ‘D’un berger à Pan’ in order to explain how this symbolism represents the dependency of humans on their environment and creates the possibility of converting arduous rural chores into meaningful and pleasurable activities. Lastly, I explain how the poem ‘Au Fleuve de Loire’ can be read as a cartographic poem that highlights the economic, literary, and environmental importance of the Loire river. I conclude that these poems exemplify a consciousness that rejoices, reinforces, and recognizes the role of the environment in the lives of its inhabitants. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN JOACHIM DU BELLAY’S DIVERS JEUX RUSTIQUES AND ‘AU FLEUVE DE LOIRE’ A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts by Masnoon Majeed Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2018 Advisor: Dr. Elisabeth Hodges Reader: Dr. Jeremie Korta Reader: Dr. Anna Klosowska ©2018 Masnoon Majeed This Thesis titled ENVIRONMENTAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN JOACHIM DU BELLAY’S DIVERS JEUX RUSTIQUES AND ‘AU FLEUVE DE LOIRE’ by Masnoon Majeed has been approved for publication by The College of Arts and Science and Department of French and Italian ________________________________________________________ Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Staging Domesticity Household Work and English Identity in Early Modern Drama
    Staging Domesticity Household Work and English Identity in Early Modern Drama Wendy Wall PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011±4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcon 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org ÿC Wendy Wall 2002 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2002 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeface Times 10/12 pt. System LATEX2ε [TB] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Wall, Wendy, 1961± Staging domesticity: household work and English identity in Early Modern drama/ Wendy Wall. p. cm. ± (Cambridge studies in Renaissance literature and culture; 41) Includes bibliogriphical references and index. ISBN 0 521 80849 9 1. English drama ± Early modern and Elizabethan, 1500±1600 ± History and criticism. 2. English drama ± 17th century ± History and criticism. 3. Domestic drama, English ± History and criticism. 4. Housekeeping in literature. 5. Cookery in literature. 6. Women in literature. 7. Home in literature.
    [Show full text]
  • RONSARD, DU BELLAY, and D'aubigné By
    POLITICS AND POETICS OF EPIC IN THE FRENCH RENAISSANCE: RONSARD, DU BELLAY, AND D’AUBIGNÉ by JESSICA J. APPLEBY B.A., University of Colorado 2006 M.A., University of Colorado 2008 Master, Université Paris 3 Sorbonne-Nouvelle 2012 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of French and Italian 2017 ii This thesis entitled: Politics and Poetics of Epic in the French Renaissance: Ronsard, Du Bellay, and d’Aubigné written by Jessica J. Appleby has been approved for the Department of French and Italian Christopher Braider Suzanne Magnanini Date The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. iii Abstract Appleby, Jessica J. (Ph.D., French) Politics and Poetics of Epic in the French Renaissance: Ronsard, Du Bellay, and d’Aubigné Thesis directed by Professor Christopher Braider This dissertation examines the epic genre and its mutations from poetic and political perspectives during the sixteenth century. Renaissance poetic treatises acknowledged epic as the highest poetic form and the greatest aspiration of poets. A French imitation of the Aeneid would be the mark of national greatness, a poem to confirm France as the literary, cultural, and political successor to ancient Rome. It would both capture and foster national sentiment for a nation with imperial ambitions. However, any attempts to compose such a work either produce mediocre poetry or are so mutated in form that they can barely be labeled epic.
    [Show full text]