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THE LITTLE REPUBLIC This is an open access version of the publication distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] This page intentionally left blank This is an open access version of the publication distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] Th e Little Republic Masculinity and Domestic Authority in Eighteenth-Century Britain K AREN H ARVEY 1 This is an open access version of the publication distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Karen Harvey 2012 Th e moral rights of the author have been asserted First Edition published in 2012 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available ISBN 978–0–19–953384–8 Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by MPG Books Group, Bodmin and King’s Lynn Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work. This is an open access version of the publication distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] To Mum and Dad This is an open access version of the publication distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] This page intentionally left blank This is an open access version of the publication distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] Acknowledgements Th is book would not have been completed without support from the following organizations: the Arts and Humanities Research Council for a Research Fellow- ship, the British Academy for a Small Research Grant and American Libraries Exchange Fellowships (at the Huntington Library), Th e William Andrews Clark Memorial Library and the 17th and 18th Century Studies University of California Los Angeles Center, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and the Henry E. Hunt- ington Library, and fi nally the Department of History and Arts and Humanities Faculty at the University of Sheffi eld. I thank the staff at Oxford University Press for their professionalism and con- tinuing patience, and the anonymous readers for their constructive comments. I have benefi ted from the comments of audiences at the universities of California State at Long Beach, Cambridge (Emmanuel College), Durham, Edinburgh, Exeter, Manchester, Newcastle, Oxford (Lincoln College), Prince- ton, Sheffi eld, and York, and at the Bard Graduate Centre, Institute of Historical Research, Victoria and Albert Museum, American Society for Eighteenth Cen- tury Studies, and the North American Conference on British Studies. Many in- dividual colleagues have given information and advice during the project, for which I am grateful, including Patty Cleary, Flora Dennis, Clorinda Donato, Henry French, Stephen Hague, Tim Hitchcock, Julian Hoppit, Linda Kirk, Jennet Kirkpatrick, Ann Matchette, Michael McKeon, Alison Montgomery, Andrew Morrall, Craig Muldrew, Nicola Phillips, Carole Shammas, Norbert Schurer, Bob Shoemaker, John Smail, Tim Stretton, Claudia Tiersch, Susan Whyman, and Maria Zytaruk. For his support I thank John Tosh in particular. Several generous colleagues read late drafts of chapters and I have benefi ted from their expertise: I thank Matthew McCormack, Nicola Phillips, Alexandra Shepard, and especially Joanne Bailey and Helen Berry. Mike Braddick read (or listened to) everything and I thank him for his insightful comments. I would also like to thank the many undergraduates at the University of Sheffi eld—too many to mention by name—who have discussed these ideas with me. Colleagues in the Department of History, and those several scattered throughout the University of Sheffi eld who work on the eighteenth century and material culture, have helped generate a creative environment in which to work. Several assistants and researchers have helped with tasks I was not able to do myself: Denzel Bath, Ros Buck, Alan Crosby, Kate Henderson, George New- berry, Matt Phillpott, Gary Rivett, Kathryn Stout, and Heather Swinsco. Staff at numerous libraries and local record offi ces have been very helpful, John Harnden at Herefordshire Record Offi ce and Mary Robertson at the Hunting- ton particularly so. For their generosity I would particularly like to extend my thanks to Elaine Hurst and Christine Jones at Astley Hall (Damhouse), Jonathan Kay, and Mr and Mrs Pickup. This is an open access version of the publication distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] viii Acknowledgements Family has been dear to me during the later stages of this project; I am lucky that mine is Ken, Elaine, Mathew, Philip, Julie, Joanne, Charlotte, Max, and Sam Harvey. I could not have fi nished this without many wonderful friends, especially Helen Berry, Bec Christie, Eve Setch, Alex Shepard, and Maria Zytaruk. But for love, laughs, and joy, absolutely everything comes back to Mike, Cora, and Melissa. Let the good times roll! This is an open access version of the publication distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] Contents List of Illustrations xi 1. Introduction 1 2 . Th e Language of Oeconomy 24 3. Words into Practice 64 4. Keeping House 99 5. Identity and Authority 134 6. Conclusion: Oeconomy and the Reproduction of Patriarchy 169 Bibliography 191 Index 209 This is an open access version of the publication distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] This page intentionally left blank This is an open access version of the publication distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] List of Illustrations Figure 1: Th e Oeconomist: or, Edlin’s Weekly Journal (September 1733), p.1. By kind permission of the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.

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