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Staircase of Vienna Observatory (Institut Für Astronomie Der Universität Wien)
Figure 15.1: Staircase of Vienna Observatory (Institut für Astronomie der Universität Wien) 142 15. The University Observatory Vienna Anneliese Schnell (Vienna, Austria) 15.1 Introduction should prefer non-German instrument makers (E. Weiss 1873). In spring of 2008 the new Vienna Observatory was th commemorating its 125 anniversary, it was officially During a couple of years Vienna Observatory was edit- opened by Emperor Franz Joseph in 1883. Regular ob- ing an astronomical calendar. In the 1874 edition K. L. servations had started in 1880. Viennese astronomers Littrow wrote a contribution about the new observatory had planned that observatory for a long time. Already th in which he defined the instrumental needs: Karl von Littrow’s father had plans early in the 19 “für Topographie des Himmels ein mächtiges parallakti- century (at that time according to a letter from Joseph sches Fernrohr, ein dioptrisches Instrument von 25 Zoll Johann Littrow to Gauß from December 1, 1823 the Öffnung. Da sich aber ein Werkzeug von solcher Grö- observatory of Turku was taken as model) (Reich 2008), ße für laufende Beobachtungen (Ortsbestimmung neu- but it lasted until 1867 when it was decided to build a er Planeten und Kometen, fortgesetzte Doppelsternmes- new main building of the university of Vienna and also sungen, etc.) nicht eignet, ein zweites, kleineres, daher a new observatory. Viennese astronomers at that time leichter zu handhabendes, aber zur Beobachtung licht- had an excellent training in mathematics, they mostly schwacher Objekte immer noch hinreichendes Teleskop worked on positional astronomy and celestial mechanics. von etwa 10 Zoll Öffnung, und ein Meridiankreis er- They believed in F. -
Communications in Asteroseismology
Communications in Asteroseismology Volume 149 December, 2008 Konferenzbeitr¨age/Proceedings Festkolloquium und Fachtagung 250 Jahre Universit¨atssternwarte Wien herausgegeben von/edited by M.G. Firneis und/and F. Kerschbaum Layout von/by M. Rode-Paunzen Communications in Asteroseismology Editor-in-Chief: Michel Breger, [email protected] Editorial Assistant: Daniela Klotz, [email protected] Layout & Production Manager: Paul Beck, [email protected] Institut f¨ur Astronomie der Universit¨at Wien T¨urkenschanzstraße 17, A - 1180 Wien, Austria http://www.univie.ac.at/tops/CoAst/ [email protected] Editorial Board: Conny Aerts, Gerald Handler, Don Kurtz, Jaymie Matthews, Ennio Poretti Cover Illustration Tranquillo Mollo, View of the old observatory on top of the University hall from 1755 (private property) British Library Cataloguing in Publication data. A Catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. All rights reserved ISBN 978-3-7001-3915-7 ISSN 1021-2043 Copyright c 2008 by Austrian Academy of Sciences Vienna Austrian Academy of Sciences Press A-1011 Wien, Postfach 471, Postgasse 7/4 Tel. +43-1-515 81/DW 3402-3406, +43-1-512 9050 Fax +43-1-515 81/DW 3400 http://verlag.oeaw.ac.at, e-mail: [email protected] Contents Vorwort/Preface von M. G. Firneis und F. Kerschbaum, Editors 5 Ansprache des Pr¨asidenten der Osterreichischen¨ Akademie der Wissenschaften von H. Mang 6 Maximilian Hell’s invitation to Norway von P. P. Aspaas 10 Maximilian Hell und Prager Astronomie von J. Smolka und M. Solc˘ 21 Zur Biographieuber ¨ Franciscus de Paula Triesnecker anl¨asslich der 250-Jahrfeier der Wiener Sternwarte von H. -
THE ASTEROIDS and THEIR DISCOVERERS Rock Legends
PAUL MURDIN THE ASTEROIDS AND THEIR DISCOVERERS Rock Legends The Asteroids and Their Discoverers More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/4097 Paul Murdin Rock Legends The Asteroids and Their Discoverers Paul Murdin Institute of Astronomy University of Cambridge Cambridge , UK Springer Praxis Books ISBN 978-3-319-31835-6 ISBN 978-3-319-31836-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-31836-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016938526 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover design: Frido at studio escalamar Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland Acknowledgments I am grateful to Alan Fitzsimmons for taking and supplying the picture in Fig. -
Downloaded 4.0 License
Chapter 7 Disruption of Old Structures After a seven-month stay in Copenhagen, on May 22, 1770 Hell and Sajnovics finally left for Vienna, which they reached on August 12. The route they took was different from the outward journey. Instead of a sea voyage to Travemünde, they traveled overland in a southwestern direction, visiting first of all the Acad- emy for Nobles at Sorø, where they met the likes of Gerhard Schøning (1722– 80), a historian specializing in Norway and the ethnographic history of far northern peoples.1 Thereafter, they passed through Funen, southern Jutland, Schleswig, and Holstein to Hamburg. From Hamburg, they again chose a more westerly route, this time visiting Göttingen and Kassel before turning straight westward to Düsseldorf and then south through Cologne to Mannheim and Schwetzingen. They then headed east, via Würzburg, Ingolstadt, and Passau to reach Linz, Kremsmünster, Graz, and finally Vienna. The record of encounters with fellow astronomers or other scholars (apart from passing references to whom they met and where) is meager, but a desire to visit as many residences of Jesuit missionaries as possible, as well as observatories and other secular research institutions, appears to have been the reason behind this winding track. Hell’s grandiose dream of a long publicity tour of virtually all Western Eu- rope, as outlined in his letter to the pope before the expedition, thus did not materialize.2 Yet, he had no reason for disappointment. He and his companion were elected members of the academies of Trondheim and Copenhagen, and treated in the Danish capital as celebrities. -
Hungarian Philosophical Review
HUNGARIAN PHILOSOPHICAL REVIEW VOL. 62. (2018/4) The Journal of the Philosophical Committee of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Austrian Philosophy Edited by Gergely Ambrus and Friedrich Stadler Contents Foreword 5 UNITY AND TENSIONS IN AUSTRIAN PHILOSOPHY GUILLAUME FRÉCHETTE: Brentano on Perception 13 DENIS FISETTE: The Reception of Ernst Mach in the School of Brentano 34 CHRISTOPH LIMBECK-LILIENAU: The First Vienna Circle: Myth or Reality? 50 CHRISTIAN DAMBÖCK: Carnap’s Aufbau: A Case of Plagiarism? 66 THOMAS UEBEL: Overcoming Carnap’s Methodological Solipsism: Not As Easy As It Seems 81 GERGELY AMBRUS: Austrian Identity Theory and Russellian Monism: Schlick, Russell and Chalmers 97 FRIEDRICH STADLER: Austrian Philosophy: Outlines of a Discipline at the University of Vienna in the 20th Century 117 THE INFLUENCE OF AUSTRIAN PHILOSOPHY IN HUNGARY CSABA PLÉH: The Impact of Karl Bühler on Hungarian Psychology and Linguistics 135 MIKLÓS RÉDEI: Parallels and Divergencies: Gödel and von Neumann 168 PÉTER ANDRÁS VARGA: A Snapshot of Austrian Philosophy on the Eve of Franz Brentano’s Arrival: The Young Bernhard Alexander in Vienna in 1868–1871 182 DOCUMENT BARNABÁS SZEKÉR, BETTINA SZABADOS UND PÉTER ANDRÁS VARGA: Die Wiener Einträge 1869–1870 aus dem Tagebuch des ungarischen Philosophen Bernhard Alexander 209 Contributors 217 Summaries 219 Foreword This special issue of the Hungarian Philosophical Review presents papers resulting from current research on Austrian philosophy. The topics are mainly historical, however they provide an in-depth analytical reconstruction and interpretation of the views discussed. Part of the papers focus on lesser known aspects of and connections within the diverse strands of the Austrian philosophical tradition, others address some important influences of Austrian philosophy (including also philosophical aspects of psychology, linguistics and mathematics) on Hungarian intellectual life and academia. -
The 1761 Transit of Venus and Hell's Transition to Fame
Chapter 3 A New Node of Science in Action: The 1761 Transit of Venus and Hell’s Transition to Fame I reckon there is no one interested in astronomy who does not wait impa- tiently to learn what was observed during the recent meeting of Venus with the Sun, especially since there is no other encounter between celes- tial bodies from which we are able to ascertain with a greater degree of exactness the still unknown, or not yet sufficiently well defined, paral- laxes of the Sun and Venus. Eustachio Zanotti 17611 1 A Golden Opportunity The above assessment of Hell’s Bolognese colleague Eustachio Zanotti could hardly have been more to the point. The passage (or transit) of Venus in front of the Sun as seen from the Earth is a rare astronomical phenomenon: it comes in pairs separated by eight years, after which it does not take place for more than a whole century. The first transit of Venus observed by means of astro- nomical equipment was in 1639. Since then, transits of Venus have occurred in the years 1761 and 1769, 1874 and 1882, and 2004 and 2012—but they will not happen again until 2117 and 2125. The 1639 transit of Venus made no immediate impact and (as far is known) was only observed by two amateur astronomers in the English countryside.2 By contrast, the pre-calculated transits of 1761 and 1 Eustachio Zanotti, De Veneris ac Solis Congressu Observatio habita in Astronomico Specula Bononiensis Scientiarum Instituti Die 5 Junii mdcclxi (Bologna: Laelii e Vulpe, 1761), 1. -
And the Ends of Jesuit Science in Enlightenment Europe
Maximilian Hell (1720–92) and the Ends of Jesuit Science in Enlightenment Europe <UN> Jesuit Studies Modernity through the Prism of Jesuit History Editor Robert A. Maryks (Independent Scholar) Editorial Board James Bernauer, S.J. (Boston College) Louis Caruana, S.J. (Pontificia Università Gregoriana, Rome) Emanuele Colombo (DePaul University) Paul Grendler (University of Toronto, emeritus) Yasmin Haskell (University of Western Australia) Ronnie Po-chia Hsia (Pennsylvania State University) Thomas M. McCoog, S.J. (Loyola University Maryland) Mia Mochizuki (Independent Scholar) Sabina Pavone (Università degli Studi di Macerata) Moshe Sluhovsky (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem) Jeffrey Chipps Smith (The University of Texas at Austin) volume 27 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/js <UN> Maximilian Hell (1720–92) and the Ends of Jesuit Science in Enlightenment Europe By Per Pippin Aspaas László Kontler leiden | boston <UN> This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-Nd 4.0 License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. The publication of this book in Open Access has been made possible with the support of the Central European University and the publication fund of UiT The Arctic University of Norway. Cover illustration: Silhouette of Maximilian Hell by unknown artist, probably dating from the early 1780s. (In a letter to Johann III Bernoulli in Berlin, dated Vienna March 25, 1780, Hell states that he is trying to have his silhouette made by “a person who is proficient in this.” The silhouette reproduced here is probably the outcome.) © Österreichische Nationalbibliothek. -
Annotations for Alexander Von Humboldt's Political Essay on The
Annotations for Alexander von Humboldt’s Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain by Giorleny D. Altamirano Rayos, Tobias Kraft, and Vera M. Kutzinski Unless context made it more sensible to do otherwise, we have annotated a reference or allusion at its first occurrence. Entries in boldface refer back to a main entry. The page numbers that precede each entry refer to the pagination of Alexander von Humboldt’s 1826 French edition; those page numbers are are printed in the margins of our translation of the Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain. In that edition, the names and concepts that appear in SMALL CAPS in the annotations are marked with an ▼. Weights and Measures What follows are some of the most common weights and measures that Alexander von Humboldt regularly uses. This is not an exhaustive list. ACRE: an old English unit of surface area equivalent to 4,840 square yards (or about 4,046.85 square meters) in the USA and Canada. The standard unit of measurement for surface area in the UK, an acre in its earliest English uses was probably the amount of land that one yoke of oxen could plow in a day. Its value varied slightly in Ireland, Scotland, and England. In France, the size of the acre varied depending on region. Humboldt states that an acre is 4,029 square meters. 2 ARPENT: a unit either of length or of land area used in France, Québec, and Louisiana from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century. The main measurement for land throughout France (sometimes called the French acre), the arpent varied in value depending on region. -
The Ages of Astrophotography
The Ages of Astrophotography 1839 - 2015 Edition Free Celebrating Edwin P. Hubble (1889-1953) Stefan Hughes Comet Holmes near NGC1499 - Gerald Rhemann (2008) Edition Free NGC1499 - Edward Emerson Barnard (1895) Comet Ikea-Zhang Encounter with M31 - Gerald Rhemann (2002) Edition Free Comet Homes Encounter with M31 - Edward Emerson Barnard (1892) Contents Introduction i Preface ii Front Piece iii Beginnings iv 1. Stone Circles to Space Telescopes - Origins of Astrophotography 1 Overview - Origins of Astrophotography 2 Martin McKenna - Nightscape Photographer - United Kingdom 7 Stonehenge (A.1) & Hubble Space Telescope (A.2) 9 Camera Obscurae (A.3) 13 Daguerreotype Plates (A.4) 17 Collodion Plates (A.5) 21 Gelatino-Bromide ‘Dry’ Plates (A.6) 25 2. The Lunatics - Capturing the Moon 29 Overview - Capturing the Moon 30 Thierry Legault - Lunar Photography - France 35 First Quarter (A.7) & Last Quarter Moon (A.8) 37 Full Moon (A.9) & Lunar Eclipses (A.10) 41 Mare Imbrium (A.11) 45 Clavius & Southern Uplands (A.12) 49 Mare Tranquillitatis (A.13) 53 3. The Sun Seekers - Solar AstrophotographyEdition 57 Overview - Solar Astrophotography 58 Jean Pierre Brahic - Sun Photography - France 63 Partial (A.14) & Annular (A.15) Solar Eclipses 65 Solar Photosphere (A.16) 69 Total Solar Eclipses (A.17) 73 Solar Prominences & Flares (A.18) 77 4. Planets, DwarfsFree & Vermin - Photographing the Solar System 81 Overview - Photographing the Solar System 82 Christian Viladrich - Planetary Photographer - France 87 Comets (A.19) 89 Jupiter (A.20) 93 Saturn (A.21) 97 Meteors (A.22) 101 Uranus (A.23) & Neptune (A.24) 105 Minor Planets (A.25) 109 Aurorae (A.26) 113 Mars (A.27) 117 Mercury (A.28) & Venus (A.29) 121 Pluto (A.30) & Other Dwarfs (A.31) 125 Earth (A.32) 129 5.