And the Ends of Jesuit Science in Enlightenment Europe
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Fransk Elegance Og Dansk Snilde Fransk-Danske Kunstforbindelser I Den Danske Enevældes Tid
Fransk elegance og dansk snilde Fransk-danske kunstforbindelser i den danske enevældes tid 171470-Mellem Seinen og OMB SPECIALTRYK.indd 1 15/05/2017 10.09 171470-Mellem Seinen og OMB SPECIALTRYK.indd 2 15/05/2017 10.09 Ulla Kjær Fransk elegance og dansk snilde Fransk-danske kunstforbindelser i den danske enevældes tid Syddansk Universitetsforlag 2017 171470-Mellem Seinen og OMB SPECIALTRYK.indd 3 15/05/2017 10.09 © Forfatteren og Syddansk Universitetsforlag 2017 University of Southern Denmark Studies in History and Social Sciences vol. 548 Sats og layout: Donald Jensen, Unisats Trykt af Specialtrykkeriet/Arco, Skive ISBN 978 87 408 3077 4 Fransk elegance og dansk snilde er udviklet i samarbejde med VILLUM FONDEN og VELUX FONDEN Hovedfotograf: Roberto Fortuna Revision af oversættelser fra fransk: France de Krassilnikoff Mekanisk, fotografisk, elektronisk eller anden mangfoldiggørelse af denne bog er kun tilladt med forlagets tilladelse eller ifølge overenskomst med Copy-Dan. Syddansk Universitetsforlag Campusvej 55 5230 Odense M www.universitypress.dk 171470-Mellem Seinen og OMB SPECIALTRYK.indd 4 17/05/2017 07.37 Forord 9 Indledning 11 En trend 11 De dansk-franske kunstneriske forbindelser i litteraturen 14 Frederik III 1609-70, dansk-norsk konge 1648-70 19 Den første franske inspiration Enevældens baggrund og dens første kongepar 21 Den unge danske enevældes kunst 28 Sophie Amalies slot 38 Kronprinsens uddannelsesrejse til enevældens Frankrig 45 Christian V 1646-99, dansk-norsk konge 1670-99 53 En dansk enevælde efter et fransk forbillede -
Andrea Wulf 20131
Founding Gardeners. The Revolutionary Generation, Nature, and the Shaping of the American Nation © Andrea Wulf 20131 This paper is based on my book the Founding Gardeners (2011), which examines the creation of the American nation and the lives of George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison through the lens of gardens, landscapes, nature and agriculture. Vegetable plots, ornamental plants, landscapes and forests played a crucial role in America’s struggle for national identity and in the lives of the founding fathers.2 Golden cornfields and endless rows of cotton plants became symbols for America’s economic independence from Britain; towering trees became a reflection of a strong and vigorous nation; native species were imbued with patriotism and proudly planted in gardens, while metaphors drawn from the natural world brought plants and gardening into politics. The founding fathers’ passion for nature, plants, gardens and agriculture is woven deeply into the fabric of America and aligned with their political thought, both reflecting and influencing it. I believe, it’s impossible to understand the making of America without looking at the founding fathers as farmers and gardeners. 1 Bibliography: please refer to my bibliography in Founding Gardener (2011). 2 The term ‘founding fathers’ describes a group with a fluctuating membership. When I refer to the four main protagonists in this paper as a group - George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and James Madison - I have taken the liberty to use the term ‘founding fathers’. 1 I’ve chosen four themes from the Founding Gardeners to discuss in this paper: 1.George Washington’s Mount Vernon: Native Species as Political Statements 2. -
The 1761 Transit of Venus and Hell's Transition to Fame
Chapter 3 A New Node of Science in Action: The 1761 Transit of Venus and Hell’s Transition to Fame I reckon there is no one interested in astronomy who does not wait impa- tiently to learn what was observed during the recent meeting of Venus with the Sun, especially since there is no other encounter between celes- tial bodies from which we are able to ascertain with a greater degree of exactness the still unknown, or not yet sufficiently well defined, paral- laxes of the Sun and Venus. Eustachio Zanotti 17611 1 A Golden Opportunity The above assessment of Hell’s Bolognese colleague Eustachio Zanotti could hardly have been more to the point. The passage (or transit) of Venus in front of the Sun as seen from the Earth is a rare astronomical phenomenon: it comes in pairs separated by eight years, after which it does not take place for more than a whole century. The first transit of Venus observed by means of astro- nomical equipment was in 1639. Since then, transits of Venus have occurred in the years 1761 and 1769, 1874 and 1882, and 2004 and 2012—but they will not happen again until 2117 and 2125. The 1639 transit of Venus made no immediate impact and (as far is known) was only observed by two amateur astronomers in the English countryside.2 By contrast, the pre-calculated transits of 1761 and 1 Eustachio Zanotti, De Veneris ac Solis Congressu Observatio habita in Astronomico Specula Bononiensis Scientiarum Instituti Die 5 Junii mdcclxi (Bologna: Laelii e Vulpe, 1761), 1. -
Freemasons' Magazine Masonic Mirror
THE FREEMASONS' MAGAZINE AND MASONIC MIRROR. ft6£ Dl% f ; JANUARY TO JUNE, 18 5 9. LONDON: BRO. HENRY GEORGE WARREN, 2, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET ; AND ALL BOOKSF.LLEBS. 1859. LONDON* ! 3T10S, FOJIT) AND TIT.T, 1.0X0 ACRE, W.C. INDEX. PAGE TAQE Correspondence, continued :— 838 Charity 24 ALE Give v. Universality ... 58 Ancient Records 491 Christianity 704 Consecration at Guildford, the 981 Angry Letters Accommodation the Lodge of, and Cag- CountryJ Lodge Antiquity, 161, 500 liostro ^ the late Bro. ... 598 for a Freemason's Daughter 744 Cuquemelle, Appeal Lodges 788 Chapter, Our, 147, 195, District Grand Architectural ' Hall at Leicester 449 241, 311, 344, 385, 445, 486, Freemasons and Christianity 25 578, 673, 721, 868, 972, 1060, Freemasonry 1153 . Universality of ... 162 57, 352 shall receive 165 Globe Lodge, the Ask and ye Business of 448 the Curse of 641 Grand Lodge, Avarice, Property ...156, 201 596 the Board of., 347 , BENEVOLENCE, Officers , Ap- ¦ Better Times ..•¦• 887 of 741 Binckes, Bro,, on Things in General 1158 pointment Biograph 2 y 893, 930, 1028, 1174 Board of General Purposes, the, 978, New 1071 Gravesend Lodge of Instruc- 262 16 100, 400, tion Books, Reviews of Sew, , Thornton ..._. 642 445, 840, 1127 Herapath, Bro. Bro., and the Earl of Boys School, the 025 Havers, Carnarvon .'"23, 105 Brides, the, of Quail* 256 19 < Hint, a f} Brook, the Freemasonry 4-oU Love 406 Illicit Brotherly Masonic Temple, the...1218 Buffon's Son 190 Jersey Justitia and the Masonic. Ob- serrer -^°1 CAGLIOSTEO and tire Lodge of An- 5 , " Observer fac- tiquity .J 1070 L tion " 1034, Canadas, the *» Bro. -
A Comet of the Enlightenment Anders Johan Lexell's Life and Discoveries Series: Vita Mathematica
birkhauser-science.de Johan C.-E. Stén A Comet of the Enlightenment Anders Johan Lexell's Life and Discoveries Series: Vita Mathematica The first-ever full-length biography of the mathematician and astronomer Anders Johan Lexell (1740–1784) Sheds new light on the collaborators of Leonhard Euler Interesting study of a scientist's grand tour through enlightened Europe The Finnish mathematician and astronomer Anders Johan Lexell (1740–1784) was a long-time close collaborator as well as the academic successor of Leonhard Euler at the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg. Lexell was initially invited by Euler from his native town of Abo (Turku) in Finland to Saint Petersburg to assist in the mathematical processing of the astronomical data of the forthcoming transit of Venus of 1769. A few years later he 2014, XVI, 300 p. 46 illus., 16 illus. in became an ordinary member of the Academy. This is the first-ever full-length biography color. devoted to Lexell and his prolific scientific output. His rich correspondence especially from his grand tour to Germany, France and England reveals him as a lucid observer of the intellectual Printed book landscape of enlightened Europe. In the skies, a comet, a minor planet and a crater on the Hardcover Moon named after Lexell also perpetuate his memory. 129,99 € | £109.99 | $159.99 [1]139,09 € (D) | 142,99 € (A) | CHF 153,50 Softcover 89,99 € | £79.99 | $109.99 [1]96,29 € (D) | 98,99 € (A) | CHF 106,50 eBook 74,89 € | £63.99 | $84.99 [2]74,89 € (D) | 74,89 € (A) | CHF 85,00 Available from your library or springer.com/shop MyCopy [3] Printed eBook for just € | $ 24.99 springer.com/mycopy Order online at springer.com / or for the Americas call (toll free) 1-800-SPRINGER / or email us at: [email protected]. -
DECEMBER / JANUARY 2014 FREEMASON.ORG Publication Board John L
DECEMBER / JANUARY 2014 FREEMASON.ORG Publication Board John L. Cooper III, Grand Master Allan L. Casalou, Grand Secretary and Editor-in-Chief Editorial Staff Terry Mendez, Managing Editor Angel Alvarez-Mapp, Creative Editor Sarah Gilbert, Assistant Creative Editor Michelle Simone, Assistant Editor Photography p. 6–7, 14: © Casey Catelli p. 15, 22–23: © Resolusean Photography p. 25–26: © Zachary Winnick Illustration Cover and feature, p. 3, 11, 20 © Chen Design Associates Design Chen Design Associates Officers of the Grand Lodge Grand Master – John L. Cooper III, Culver City-Foshay No. 467 Deputy Grand Master – Russell E. Charvonia, Channel Islands No. 214 Senior Grand Warden – M. David Perry, Napa Valley Lodge No. 93 Junior Grand Warden – John R. Heisner, Amity Lodge No. 442 Grand Treasurer – A. Raymond Schmalz, Mill Valley Lodge No. 356 Grand Secretary – Allan L. Casalou, Acalanes Fellowship No. 480 Grand Lecturer – Jack M. Rose, San Dimas No. 428 freemason.org CALIFORNIA FREEMASON ISSUE 2 December/January 2014 USPS # 083-940 is published bimonthly by Masons of California. 1111 California Street, San Francisco, CA 94108-2284. Periodicals Postage Paid at San Francisco, CA and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to California Freemason, 1111 California Street, San Francisco, CA 94108-2284. Publication Dates – Publication dates are the first day of October, December, February, April, June, and August. Subscriptions – CALIFORNIA FREEMASON is mailed to every member of this Masonic jurisdiction without additional charge. Others are invited to subscribe for $12 a year or $15 outside of the United States. Permission to reprint – Permission to reprint original articles in CALIFORNIA FREEMASON is granted to all recognized Masonic publications with credit to the author and this publication. -
Map of Monuments and Architecture
1 Prague is renowned for its towers, winding streets and buildings from nearly The Loreto Treasure houses a rare collection of liturgical objects from the 16th – 18th home to hidden architectural treasures including the rare Romanesque rotunda 31. Danube House – Karolinská 1, Prague 8, www.danube.cz every period of architecture – from Romanesque rotundas and Gothic cathedrals centuries, the most famous of which is the ”Prague Sun”, a monstrance encrusted with of St. Martin; the neo-Gothic Church of Sts. Peter and Paul, built on medieval Prague’s Karlin district is one of the city’s fastest growing urban areas. Danube to Baroque and Renaissance palaces, to progressive and global award-winning 6,222 diamonds. foundations; the national cemetery, where Antonín Dvořák and other notable House is the first building in the emerging River City neighborhood. The building, modern architecture. personalities were laid to rest; and underground casemates housing the originals with its triangular footprint, resembles a giant ship; also of special note is its 10. Strahov Monastery (Strahovský klášter) – Strahovské nádvoří 1, Prague 1, of some Baroque statues from the Charles Bridge. monumental glass atrium. The design for the project came from the American Our map offers a selection of the most interesting architectural sights in Prague. www.strahovskyklaster.cz studio Kohn Pedersen Fox. sale for Not This Premonstratensian monastery was founded in 1140. The complex includes 21 Church of the Most Sacred Heart of Our Lord (Kostel Nejsvětějšího Srdce edition First Total cost: 500,000 pcs 500,000 cost: Total Plan your route according to your mood and discover Prague today – beautiful, the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (1743 – 1752); the rare Páně) – náměstí Jiřího z Poděbrad, Prague 3, www.srdcepane.cz 32 Mainpoint Karlín – Pobřežní 21, Prague 8, www.mainpointkarlin.cz 2014 Prague seductive, magical.. -
The Venus Transit: a Historical Retrospective
The Venus Transit: a Historical Retrospective Larry McHenry The Venus Transit: A Historical Retrospective 1) What is a ‘Venus Transit”? A: Kepler’s Prediction – 1627: B: 1st Transit Observation – Jeremiah Horrocks 1639 2) Why was it so Important? A: Edmund Halley’s call to action 1716 B: The Age of Reason (Enlightenment) and the start of the Industrial Revolution 3) The First World Wide effort – the Transit of 1761. A: Countries and Astronomers involved B: What happened on Transit Day C: The Results 4) The Second Try – the Transit of 1769. A: Countries and Astronomers involved B: What happened on Transit Day C: The Results 5) The 19th Century attempts – 1874 Transit A: Countries and Astronomers involved B: What happened on Transit Day C: The Results 6) The 19th Century’s Last Try – 1882 Transit - Photography will save the day. A: Countries and Astronomers involved B: What happened on Transit Day C: The Results 7) The Modern Era A: Now it’s just for fun: The AU has been calculated by other means). B: the 2004 and 2012 Transits: a Global Observation C: My personal experience – 2004 D: the 2004 and 2012 Transits: a Global Observation…Cont. E: My personal experience - 2012 F: New Science from the Transit 8) Conclusion – What Next – 2117. Credits The Venus Transit: A Historical Retrospective 1) What is a ‘Venus Transit”? Introduction: Last June, 2012, for only the 7th time in recorded history, a rare celestial event was witnessed by millions around the world. This was the transit of the planet Venus across the face of the Sun. -
Struensee's Ghost: Narratives of Pascal Paoli and Ebenezer Richardson in Philadelphian Newspapers, 1767
O’Donnell 1 Struensee’s Ghost: Narratives of Pascal Paoli and Ebenezer Richardson in Philadelphian Newspapers, 1767 – 1776 In Copenhagen, January 1772, a revolution occurred in Denmark. The country rejected German culture and embarked on a new programme of re-discovering and redefining the Danish people.1 The Revolution was precipitated by the arrest of Count Johann Friedrich Struensee. Since 1771, Struensee had been the court favourite, Royal Secretary, and personal physician to the Danish King, Christian VII. He was eventually executed in April 1772 for treason and lèse-majesté, convicted of signing the King’s name without due authority.2 He had become a particularly noisome figure in Danish politics by heedlessly pursuing a modernising agenda of abolishing traditional privileges in favour of enlightened rule. And like other attempts in European courts, these ‘rational’ innovations were not greeted enthusiastically. Struensee first surrounded himself with a select group of cronies then systematically isolated himself from the court, along the way incurring the wrath of merchants, burghers, and industrialists. Struensee finally pressed his enlightened reform too far when he ordered the dissolution of the Royal Guards. By 1772 Struensee was protected only by the Queen, with whom he was having an illicit sexual relationship, and the King, who had long suffered from a deteriorating and dissociative mental illness –thought either to be schizophrenia or porphyria and probably not caused by excessive masturbation as Struensee himself diagnosed.3 When Struensee’s ministry was toppled, the old court party made the Queen Dowager Juliana regent, and the King’s half brother Frederick her Prime Minister – this was the Revolution. -
Ludmila Mašková Et Al., (Presented by Jiří Smolík), Institute of Chemical
BEHAVIOUR OF INDOOR COARSE PARTICLES IN THE LIBRARY Ludmila Mašková, Jiří Smolík, Tereza Trávníčková, Jaromír Hlavica Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS INTRODUCTION In the period 2008-2010 we performed detailed indoor air quality measurements in an old Baroque Library Hall (BLH), located in Clementinum historical complex in Prague. INTRODUCTION Founded in 1232, the Clementinum is one of the largest building complexes in Europe. Since 1930 it is currently in use as the National Library of the Czech Republic. BAROQUE LIBRARY HALL • 21 000 books • 100 – 200 visitors • Naturally ventilated • Area 430 m2 • Volume 4500 m3 KEY QUESTION Effect of visitors on the indoor air quality? MEASUREMENTS 1 week 2008 3 intensive campaigns: spring, summer, winter 2009 Indoor and outdoor • Airborne particulate matter (PM) • Determination of chemical composition • Temporal variation • Spatial variation of indoor PM • Gaseous pollutants • Climatic parameters MEASUREMENTS PREVIOUS ANALYSIS ) 3 400 350 Winter indoor APS 300 Winter outdoor APS 250 200 150 100 50 Numberconcentration (#/cm 0 24.11.2009 26.11.2009 27.11.2009 28.11.2009 30.11.2009 01.12.2009 Date ) 3 25000 Winter indoor SMPS 20000 Winter outdoor SMPS 15000 10000 5000 Numberconcentration (#/cm 0 24.11.2009 26.11.2009 27.11.2009 28.11.2009 30.11.2009 01.12.2009 Date Similar behaviour found in all 3 periods DYNAMIC MASS BALANCE MODEL dC S in PaC aC kC dt out in in V -3 Cin indoor particle concentration (cm ) -3 Cout outdoor particle concentration (cm ) t time (min-1) V volume -
Agrarian Reform in Eighteenth -Century Denmark
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Papers from the University Studies series (The University of Nebraska) University Studies of the University of Nebraska 1977 Agrarian Reform in Eighteenth -Century Denmark Lawrence J. Baack Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/univstudiespapers Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University Studies of the University of Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers from the University Studies series (The University of Nebraska) by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. new senes no. 56 University of Nebraska Studies 1977 Agrarian Reform in Eighteenth-Century Denmark The University of Nebraska The Board of Regents JAMES H. MOYLAN ROBERT L. RAUN chairman EDWARD SCHWARTZKOPF CHRISTINE L. BAKER STEVEN E. SHOVERS KERMIT HANSEN ROBERT G. SIMMONS, JR. ROBERT R. KOEFOOT, M.D. KERMIT WAGNER WILLIAM J. MUELLER WILLIAM F. SWANSON ROBERT J. PROKOP, M.D. corporation secretary The President RONALD W. ROSKENS The Chancellor, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Roy A. YOUNG Committee on Scholarly Publications GERALD THOMPSON DAVID H. GILBERT chairman executive secretary JAMES HASSLER KENNETH PREUSS HENRY F. HOLTZCLAW ROYCE RONNING ROBERT KNOLL Lawrence J. Baack Agrarian Reform in Eighteenth-Century Denmark university of nebraska studies : new series no. 56 published by the university at lincoln: 1977 For my mother. Frieda Baack Copyright © 1977 by the Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 77-78548 UN ISSN 0077-6386 Manufactured in the United States of America Contents Preface vii Agrarian Reform in Eighteenth-Century Denmark 1 Notes 29 Acknowledgments 45 Preface AGRARIAN REFORM can be one of the most complex tasks of gov ernment. -
Praktisk Info
Praktisk info: Udflugt lørdag d. 7. september kl. 8.30 fra Engholmkirken, hjemkomst til Engholmkirken senest kl. 17.00. HUSK! Madpakke. Øl og vand medbringes og kan købes. Pris: Udflugten, der er incl. bustransport, entré og rundvisninger ko- ster 170 kr. for voksne og 100 kr. for børn. Tilmelding: Kirkekontoret på tlf. 48105810, mandag - fredag kl. 9 - 13. Eller til Arne Bech på tlf. 48176038 hvis du ønsker nærmere oplysninger om udflugten. Tilmeldingen er bindende. Sidste frist for tilmelding er d. 30. august. Udflugt fra fortid til fremtid fra Engholmkirken til Karise 7. september Dagen sluttes af med kaffe og kage i Karise Permatopia inden turen atter går tilbage til Allerød. Udflugt til Karise Kirke, Moltke slægtens gravkapel Moltke slægtens gravkapel Adam Gottlob Moltke besluttede at opføre et og Karise Permatopia. gravkapel til hans slægt da hans første kone Christiane Frederikke døde i Engholmkirken indbyder alle i sognet til at deltage i en heldagsudflugt der 1760. Det blev opført i 1766-1767 af den danske arkitekt C.F. Harsdorff. går til Karise Kirke, Moltke slægtens gravkapel og Karise Permatopia. Lensgreve Adam Gottlob Moltke var overhofmarskal, storgodsejer og en vigtig person under Frederik d. 5. i hans tyveårige regeringstid 1746-1766. I Karise Kirke Kirken er opført i 1261 og et udmærket eksempel på 1200 forbindelse med udnævnelsen til overhofmarskal fik han godset Bregentved tallets byggestil. Den er desuden et sjældent eksempel på, at både kor, skib og hovedgårdene Juellinge og Turebyholm. og tårn er opført samtidig. Rester af fine kalkmalerier er bevaret, bl.a. på korets bagvæg og i vindues nicherne.