Communications in Asteroseismology

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Communications in Asteroseismology Communications in Asteroseismology Volume 149 December, 2008 Konferenzbeitr¨age/Proceedings Festkolloquium und Fachtagung 250 Jahre Universit¨atssternwarte Wien herausgegeben von/edited by M.G. Firneis und/and F. Kerschbaum Layout von/by M. Rode-Paunzen Communications in Asteroseismology Editor-in-Chief: Michel Breger, [email protected] Editorial Assistant: Daniela Klotz, [email protected] Layout & Production Manager: Paul Beck, [email protected] Institut f¨ur Astronomie der Universit¨at Wien T¨urkenschanzstraße 17, A - 1180 Wien, Austria http://www.univie.ac.at/tops/CoAst/ [email protected] Editorial Board: Conny Aerts, Gerald Handler, Don Kurtz, Jaymie Matthews, Ennio Poretti Cover Illustration Tranquillo Mollo, View of the old observatory on top of the University hall from 1755 (private property) British Library Cataloguing in Publication data. A Catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. All rights reserved ISBN 978-3-7001-3915-7 ISSN 1021-2043 Copyright c 2008 by Austrian Academy of Sciences Vienna Austrian Academy of Sciences Press A-1011 Wien, Postfach 471, Postgasse 7/4 Tel. +43-1-515 81/DW 3402-3406, +43-1-512 9050 Fax +43-1-515 81/DW 3400 http://verlag.oeaw.ac.at, e-mail: [email protected] Contents Vorwort/Preface von M. G. Firneis und F. Kerschbaum, Editors 5 Ansprache des Pr¨asidenten der Osterreichischen¨ Akademie der Wissenschaften von H. Mang 6 Maximilian Hell’s invitation to Norway von P. P. Aspaas 10 Maximilian Hell und Prager Astronomie von J. Smolka und M. Solc˘ 21 Zur Biographieuber ¨ Franciscus de Paula Triesnecker anl¨asslich der 250-Jahrfeier der Wiener Sternwarte von H. Kastner-Masilko 31 Uber¨ die Impressoriensammlung im Wiener Staatsarchiv als Quelle der Wissenschaftsgeschichte von J. Hamel 34 Zur Baugeschichte der beiden Wiener Universit¨atssternwarten vonM.G.Firneis 44 Der historische Buchbestand der Universit¨atssternwarte Wien vonK.Lackner,I.M¨uller, F. Kerschbaum, R. Ottensamer und Th. Posch 50 Anton Pilgram – Mitbegr¨under neuzeitlicher wissenschaftlicher Meteo- rologie? von Th. Posch und K. Lackner 55 Elektronische Faksimile-Editionen von ausgew¨ahlten Werken der Fach- bereichsbibliothek Astronomie an der Universit¨atssternwarte Wien von H. Petsch und A. Partl 70 Das k.u.k. milit¨argeographische Institut von F. Almer 75 Josef Johann von Littrow und Rudolf Kippenhahn im Vergleich als Wis- senschaftspopularisatoren von S. Exler 83 4 Die Entwicklung und Verbreitung der Urania zur Popularisierung der Astronomie von G. Wolfschmidt 92 Ausseruniversit¨are himmelskundliche Bildungsaktivit¨aten in Wien 1900- 2000 von H. Mucke 104 Wiener Astronomen und Kleinplaneten von A. Schnell 117 Carl Wilhelm Wirtz an der Kuffner-Sternwarte: Seine photographischen Studien und seine Korrespondenz mit Karl Schwarzschild von H.W. Duerbeck 124 K¨ovesligethy’s spectroscopic studies von M. Vargha and L. G. Bal´azs 136 Josef Hopmann in Leipzig, 1930 – 1945 von G. M¨unzel 143 Briefwechsel mit F¨uhrer und Co. Texte aus Bruno Th¨urings Zeit an der Universit¨atssternwarte Wien von F. Kerschbaum 154 Leopold Figl Observatorium f¨ur Astrophysik von M. Rode-Paunzen 162 Die Universit¨atssternwarte Wien — Pflanzst¨atte des Osterreichischen¨ ESO-Beitritts von H. M. Maitzen und J. Hron 168 Weltraumastronomie an der Wiener Universit¨ats-Sternwarte von A. Schnell und W. W. Weiss 178 Comm. in Asteroseismology Vol. 149, 2008 Vorwort/Preface Viennese Astronomy has a long standing tradition. When Vienna University was founded in 1365 astronomy as one of the medieval fine arts was considered in the very first curricular. The history of Viennese astronomy lectures can be traced back to 1385, when the campus was situated down town. In 1755 the In- stitute of Astronomy was formally founded and 1756 the University Observatory surmounting the building of the the ”new” university hall was opened by Maria Theresia. Astronomers worked and lived in this place producing the scientific materials. Due to the growth of the city in the following decades professional sky observations were moved to the village of W¨ahring to avoid the streetlights of Vienna. In 1892 W¨ahring became a district of Vienna. Between 1874 and 1880 the present University Observatory was built by the architects Fellner and Helmer and the main instrument, the Great Refractor (aperture: 68 cm, focal length: 10.5 m) constructed by Howard Grubb was the largest optical telescope of the world. Even today it is still the 9th largest refracting telescope. But times have changed, and so have the important topics in astronomy and the methods to study them. An 80 cm telescope equipped with a CCD detector was installed in 2000 and a satellite communication station is part of the networks of the Canadian MOST, European CoRoT and BRITE space missions giving students access to modern techniques. It was the aim of editors of this volume to pass the torch of knowledge how all this came about during the last 250 years to the young generation. To rescue from the depths of history how men and material have fought and evolved to become what it is nowadays: the Vienna Institute of Astronomy. The editors are grateful that the Austrian Academy of Sciences has provided the opportunity to commemorate the 250year anniversary in this place, which before belonging to the Academy was the University’s main building, housing the first observatory. The editors are thankful to the members of the scientific community, who on the 2nd day of the commemoration event presented their scientific research during a meeting on historical perspectives which are printed here. The editors are indepted to Gudrun Wolfschmidt for the prosperous co- operation in the organization of the meeting and are grateful to the Austrian Academy of Sciences for financial support. Maria G. Firneis, Franz Kerschbaum Editors, Vienna, Dec. 2008 Comm. in Asteroseismology Vol. 149, 2008 Ansprache des Pr¨asidenten der Osterreichischen¨ Akademie der Wissenschaften Dipl.-Ing., Dr. techn., Ph.D., Dr. h. c. mult., o. Prof. Herbert Mang Werte Mitglieder der Osterreichischen¨ Akademie der Wissenschaften, werte Kolleginnen und Kollegen des Faches Astronomie meine sehr geehrten Damen und Herren! Es ist mir ebenso eine Ehre wie ein Anliegen, sie, meine sehr geehrten Damen und Herren, zur Feier der zweihundertf¨unfzigsten Wiederkehr der Er¨offnung der Universit¨atssternwarte begr¨ußen zu k¨onnen. Diese hat sich am Dach der dama- ligen Universit¨at und damit des heutigen Hauptgeb¨audes der Osterreichischen¨ Akademie der Wissenschaften befunden. Der Anlaß macht es mir besonders schwer, nicht pers¨onlich anwesend sein zu k¨onnen. Ein Auslandstermin hin- dert mich daran, heute und hier gegenw¨artig zu sein. Die Ubernahme¨ meiner Grußadresse im Namen der Osterreichischen¨ Akademie der Wissenschaften (OAW)¨ durch unser korrespondierendes Mitglied Prof. Michel Breger macht es mir allerdings leichter, meine Worte an ihn zu delegieren, umsomehr, als sie aus damit berufenem Munde kommen werden. Erlauben sie mir, die Kette der illustren Vertreter der Astronomie, die an der Universit¨atssternwarte wirkten, verk¨urzt wieder zu geben. Vater und Sohn von Littrow waren essentiell bei der Gr¨undung der Osterreichischen¨ Akademie der Wissenschaften involviert. Der neue Standort der Universit¨atssternwarte auf der T¨urkenschanze erlaubte seinem Direktor, unserem wirklichen Mitglied Edmund Weiß, von dort aus einige Sonnenfinsternis-Expeditionen zu starten, unter Verwendung des Kanons der Finsternisse, berechnet von unserem wirk- lichen Mitglied Oppolzer. Den Astronomen der Sternwarte, Hepperger, Graff, Prey und Hillebrand, standen die Ehrenmitglieder der OAW,¨ Herschel, Struve, Argelander, Schiaparelli und Hale zur Seite. Das Deckengem¨alde des Fest- saals der OAW¨ schließt in der Darstellung der philosophischen Fakult¨at die Astronomie mit ein. Ich gehe davon aus, daß nicht wenige Teilnehmer dieser Feierstunde unser wirkliches Mitglied Direktor Hopmann und Prof. Meurers noch pers¨onlich ge- kannt haben. Mit Joseph Meurers war ein philosophisch orientierter Astronom H. Mang 7 am Werk, der nach erweiterten M¨oglichkeiten astrophysikalischer Beobachtun- gen suchte und sie durch den Bau des Leopold-Figl-Observatoriums f¨ur Astro- physik am Mittersch¨opfl fand. Unterst¨utzt wurde er dabei von unserem wirk- lichen Mitglied Prof. Hermann Haupt und dem sp¨ateren Vorstand der Univer- sit¨atssternwarte Prof. Karl Rakos. Den heutigen Erfordernissen der Zeit gem¨aß besitzt die Universit¨atssternwarte eine Satellitenempfangsanlage, ein Radio- teleskop und ein modernes Spiegelteleskop. An der Lehrkanzel f¨ur Theoretische Astronomie ging unser wirkliches Mit- glied Konradin Ferrari d’Occhieppo1, heute, fast 100 Jahre alt, daran, neben Fragen von historischen astronomischen Datierungen auch ein Computerpro- gramm vom Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Astrophysik in Garching am Rechner der damaligen Technischen Hochschule Wien installieren zu lassen. Die Computa- tional Astronomy hatte damit ihren Einzug in Wien gehalten. Eine OAW-Publi-¨ kationuber ¨ den inneren Aufbau eines Sternes von 12 Sonnenmassen, unterst¨utzt unter anderem vom sp¨ateren Vorstand Werner Tscharnuter, gibt davon Zeugnis. Fragen der Astrometrie ging der Vorstand Prof. Paul Jackson nach. Durch den mich hier vertretenden Prof. Michel Breger werden Fragestellungen unter- sucht, die schon Sir Arthur Eddington formuliert hatte. Mit den Werkzeugen der Astroseismologie werden registrierte Sternpulsationen zur Strukturaufkl¨arung von Sternen herangezogen. Die Amplituden- und Phasenmodulation
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