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Post-Colonial Study of Pramoedya Ananta Toer's This Earth of Mankind: Oppressed Thought and Suppresed Voice of a Writer

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Post-Colonial Study of Pramoedya Ananta Toer's This Earth of Mankind: Oppressed Thought and Suppresed Voice of a Writer PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI POST-COLONIAL STUDY OF PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER’S THIS EARTH OF MANKIND: OPPRESSED THOUGHT AND SUPPRESED VOICE OF A WRITER A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN FINAL PAPER Presented as Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements to Obtain Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education By Leonardus Indramarwan Student Number: 111214145 ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2018 i PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A Sarjana Pendidikan Final Paper on POST-COLONIAL STUDY OF PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER'S THIS EARTH OFMANKIND: OPPRESSED THOUGHT AND SUPPRESED VOICE OF A WRITER By Leonarduslndramarwan Student Number: 111214145 Approved by Advisor -~. Carla Sih Prabandari, M.Hum. March 1",2018 ii • PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A Sarjana Pendidikan Final Paper on POST-COLONIAL STUDY OF PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER'S THIS EARTH OFMANKIND: OPPRESSED THOUGHT AND SUPPRESED VOICE OF A WRITER By Leonardus Indramarwan Student Number: 111214145 Defended before the Board ofExaminers on April 9, 2018 and Declared Acceptable Board of Examiners Chairperson : Yohana Veniranda, MHum., PhD. Secretary : Christina Lhaksmita Anandari, S.Pd., Ed.M Member : Carla Sih Prabandari, M.Hum. Member : Drs. Pius Nurwidasa Prihatin, M Ed., Ed. D. Member : Drs. Concilianus Laos Mbato, M.A., Ed. D. Yogyakarta, April 9, 2018 Faculty ofTeachers Training and Education iii • PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI STATEMENT OF WORK'S ORIGINALITY [ honestly declare this final paper, which 1have written, does not contain the work or parts of the work of other people, except those cited in the quotations and the references, as a scientific paper should. Yogyakarta, March 2, 2018 The Writer Leonardus Indramarwan 111214145 iv PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma: Nama : Leonardus Indramarwan NomorMahasiswa : 111214145 Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang beljudul: POST-COLONIAL STUDY OF PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER'S THIS EARTH OF MANKIND: OPPRESSED THOUGHT AND SUPPRESED VOICE OF A WRITER Beserta perangkat yang diperlukan. Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikannya di Internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis. Demikian pernyataan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Dibuat di Yogyakarta, Pada tanggal: 9 Maret 2018 Yang menyatakan, Leonardus Indramarwan v PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT Indramarwan, Leonardus. 2015. Post-Colonial Study of Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s This Earth of Mankind: Oppressed Thought and Suppressed Voice of a Writer. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Program, Sanata Dharma University. This Earth of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer is one of the greatest novels of its time, and like other great novels such as Romeo and Juliet, it is controversial. Written in post-independence era and during Pramoedya’s exile in Buru Island, the novel has gained international attention, despite being blasted by the nation’s majority on its release. This research answers one research problem which is how the existing external factors during the time Pramoedya wrote this novel affected the outcome. It was to verify a pre-conceived hypothesis that the novel is a reflection directed to the oppressing government at the time. This research employed a biographical research as proposed by Rohrberger and Woods (1976), with a touch of post-colonialism. It also made reference to an interview between Penguin Publishing House and Pramoedya Ananta Toer as an insight to how Pramoedya considered his own novel. Based on the result, the writer verified that This Earth of Mankind is indeed a reflection directed to the government at the time - a post-colonial administration that was still thick with colonial oppressing nature. This research also highlighted Pramoedya’s purpose of writing, in which he cited that he wrote for the greater good. Keywords: literature, Pramoedya Ananta Toer, This Earth of Mankind vi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRAK Indramarwan, Leonardus. 2015. Post-Colonial Study of Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s This Earth of Mankind: Oppressed Thought and Suppressed Voice of a Writer. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Program, Sanata Dharma University. Bumi Manusia (This Earth of Mankind) oleh Pramoedya Ananta Toer adalah salah satu novel terbagus pada masanya, dan seperti novel bagus lain misalnya Romeo dan Juliet, novel ini menuai kontroversi. Ditulis di era pasca kemerdekaan dan dalam masa pengasingan Pramoedya di Pulau Buru, novel ini mendapat perhatian besar dari khalayak internasional, meski awalnya dikecam oleh mayoritas bangsa Indonesia. Penelitian ini menjawab satu permasalahan yaitu bagaimana faktor eksternal yang ada pada saat Pramoedya menulis novel ini mempengaruhi hasil tulisannya. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mencari tahu hipotesis yang telah dikemukakan sebelumnya bahwa novel tersebut merupakan refleksi yang diarahkan kepada pemerintah yang bersifat menindas pada saat itu. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian biografi seperti yang diusulkan oleh Rohrberger dan Woods (1976), dengan sentuhan post-colonialism. Penelitian ini juga mengacu pada sebuah wawancara antara Penguin Publishing House dan Pramoedya Ananta Toer mengenai pendapat Pramoedya tentang novel tulisannya sendiri. Berdasarkan dari hasil tersebut, penulis mencari tahu bahwa Bumi Manusia ini memang merupakan refleksi yang ditujukan kepada pemerintah pada saat itu - sebuah pemerintahan paska penjajahan yang masih kental dengan nuansa penindasan. Penelitian ini juga menyoroti tujuan penulisan Pramoedya yang menurutnya adalah untuk kebaikan masyarakat banyak. Kata kunci: literatur, Pramoedya Ananta Toer, This Earth of Mankind vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This final paper could not be completed without the continuous support from my advisor, family, and friends. I would like to present my deepest gratitude to my advisor, Carla Sih Prabandari, M.Hum., for her guidance and support to encourage me for finishing my final paper. My deepest gratitude also goes to Made Frida Yulia, M.Pd. and Yohana Veniranda, M.Hum., Ph.D. for their love and patience in guiding me. My special gratitude for my beloved ones, my father Sutiyono, my mother Maryuliati, my litlle sister Angelina Andesta Cininta and my family for their love and support throughout the process of writing this final paper. My tears are shed for them while finishing this final paper. My special thanks also go for Maria Vianney, Natalia Sulistya Aryani, Lusiana Rani Oktaviani, Adityo Prawinanto, Wilhelmina Kurnia Wandut, Anita Yusticia Sari and Septriyani Gloria for their helping in the last seconds of finishing this paper. Leonardus Indramarwan viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE PAGE ………………………………………………………............... i APPROVAL PAGES ……………………………………………………...... ii STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY …………………………… iv PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ……………………………… v ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………….. vi ABSTRAK ……………………………………………………………………. vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS………………………………………………….... viii TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………….. ix LIST OF APPENDICES ……………………………………………………… x CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Background ………………………………………………... 1 B. Approach of the Study …..…………………………...…… 4 CHAPTER II. DISCUSSION …………………………………………………. 6 A. Indonesia Post-Independence and the Socio-Political Tension 6 B. Theoretical Description …….…………………………….. 8 1. Motivation ……………………………………………. 8 2. Kinds of Motivation ………………………………….. 8 2.1.Intrinsic Motivation ………………………………. 8 2.2. External Motivation ……………………………… 8 C. A Brief Look on This Earth of Mankind …………………. 9 D. Oppressed Thoughts and Suppressed Voice ……………….. 11 CHAPTER III. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 14 A. Conclusion ………………………………………………. 14 B. Recommendations ……………………………………….. 15 REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………. 16 APPENDICES …………………………………………………………………. .17 ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A Bumi Manusia, This Earth of Mankind, and Buru Quartet …………………... 17 Appendix B A Summary of This Earth of Mankind …..…..……………………….………. 18 Appendix C A Conversation with Pramoedya Ananta Toer ……………………….………. 20 x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This study aims to analyze post-colonialism within Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Bumi Manusia (herein referred to as This Earth of Mankind) and verify a hypothesis that the novel also serves as reflection towards post-independence Indonesia. It highlights Pram’s work in This Earth of Mankind, including the theme and storyline, and the socio-political tension during the time Pram wrote the story. A. Background This Earth of Mankind is an acclaimed Indonesian novel written by one of Indonesian literature legends, Pramoedya Ananta Toer. The novel depicts a story of a local man and his quests of social justice and true love during Dutch-occupied Indonesia. It offers a classic Shakespearean take on romance like the sad ending of Romeo and Juliet,
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